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74-519: The name Reeperbahn means ropewalk , which is a place where ropes are made ( Low German : Reep = rope, the standard German word is Seil ; Bahn = track). Until the 1620s Hamburg's ropewalks had been located in the Neustadt (New Town) quarter of the inner city close to the Elbe , which then became a densely built up area. Therefore, the ropewalks "had to be relocated outside the city walls on

148-486: A grid plan , the streets are named to indicate their location on a Cartesian coordinate plane . For example, the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 for Manhattan provided for numbered streets running parallel to the minor axis of the island and numbered and lettered avenues running parallel to the long axis of the island, although many of the avenues have since been assigned names for at least part of their courses. In

222-545: A 'de facto' standard for defining common crimes. Complete list of countries participating and the 11 defined crimes can be found at the project web site. In March 2015 the UNODC published the first version of the "International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes" (ICCS). According to the UNODC, there have been more than three million homicides in Africa since the year 2000. More complex measures involve measuring

296-689: A change in official language. After the death of Francisco Franco , the Spanish transition to democracy gave Catalonia the status of an autonomous community , with Catalan as a co- official language . While some street names in Catalonia were changed entirely, most were merely given the Catalan translations of their previous Castilian names; for example, Calle San Pablo (Saint Paul Street) in Barcelona became Carrer Sant Pau . In most cases, this

370-634: A changing or previously unrecognized ethnic community or to honour politicians or local heroes. In towns such as Geneva , Brussels , Namur and Poznań initiatives have recently been taken to name or rename more streets and other public spaces after women. A changed political regime can trigger widespread changes in street names – many place names in Zimbabwe changed following their independence in 1980, with streets named after British colonists being changed to those of Zimbabwean nationalist leaders. After Ukraine 's pro-Western revolution in 2014,

444-399: A criminal record. While most jurisdictions could probably agree about what constitutes a murder , what constitutes a homicide may be more problematic, while a crime against the person could vary widely. Legislation differences often means the ingredients of offences vary between jurisdictions. The International Crime victims Survey has been done in over 70 countries to date and has been

518-656: A grid, such as Arlington County, Virginia , a grid-based naming system is still sometimes used to give a semblance of order. Often, the numbered streets run east–west and the numbered avenues north–south, following the style adopted in Manhattan, although this is not always observed. In some cases, streets in "half-blocks" in between two consecutive numbered streets have a different designator, such as Court or Terrace, often in an organized system where courts are always between streets and terraces between avenues. Sometimes yet another designator (such as "Way", "Place", or "Circle")

592-462: A huge street renaming campaign began in the early 20th century, changing almost all of the street names into numbers, in accordance with the adoption of a new unified house numbering scheme. Some New York City Subway stations retained their names, instead of changing with their corresponding street(s). A few examples survive today, such as 33rd Street–Rawson Street station . Sometimes street renaming can be controversial, because of antipathy toward

666-551: A particular theme. One example is Philadelphia , where the major east–west streets in William Penn 's original plan for the city carry the names of trees: from north to south, these were Vine, Sassafras, Mulberry, High (not a tree), Chestnut, Walnut, Locust, Spruce, Pine, Lombard and Cedar. (Sassafras, Mulberry, High and Cedar have since been renamed to Race, Arch, Market [the main east–west street downtown] and South.) Other examples of themed streets: In many cities laid out on

740-637: A railway station, and many "Railway Streets" or similar do end at, cross or parallel a railway. Many roads are given the name of the place to which they lead, while others bear the names of distant, seemingly unrelated cities. As a road approaches its stated destination, its name may be changed. Hartford Avenue in Wethersfield, Connecticut , becomes Wethersfield Avenue in Hartford, Connecticut , for example. A road can switch names multiple times as local opinion changes regarding its destination: for example,

814-490: A short side street off the Davidstraße , has sex workers displaying themselves behind windows , waiting for customers. Since 1933, large screens block the view into Herbertstraße from the adjacent streets. Since the 1970s, there have been signs saying that entrance to the street is prohibited for women and juveniles; however, it is a public road which anyone may enter. Many pubs, and street-based sex workers, can be found on

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888-546: A song set with a toilet seat around his neck), others inflated (the band urinating in an alley as nuns walked past was told rather differently later). A fellow musician, Ted "Kingsize" Taylor , made a crude tape recording of their last New Year's Eve show, at the Star-Club in December 1962; a cleaned-up version of the tape was later released as an album, later characterized by Harrison as "awful". Famously John Lennon

962-566: A song titled "Hamburg Drunk", which depicts a rough night "falling and sprawlling down the old Reeperbahn" on their 2016 album The Devil, The Heart and the Fight . [REDACTED] Media related to Reeperbahn at Wikimedia Commons Street name A street name is an identifying name given to a street or road . In toponymic terminology, names of streets and roads are referred to as odonyms or hodonyms (from Ancient Greek ὁδός hodós 'road', and ὄνυμα ónuma 'name', i.e.,

1036-697: A street named after Patrice Lumumba in Kyiv was renamed the street of John Paul II . In Portugal , both the Republican Revolution in 1910 and the Carnation Revolution in 1974 triggered widespread changes in street names to replace references to the deposed regimes (the Monarchy and Estado Novo respectively) with references to the revolutions themselves, as well as to figures and concepts associated with them. In response to

1110-656: A street. Other qualifiers may be used for that purpose as well. Examples: upper/lower, old/new, or adding "extension". " Main Street " and " High Street " are common names for the major street in the middle of a shopping area in the United States and the United Kingdom , respectively. The most common street name in the US is "2nd" or "Second". Streets are normally named, and properties on them numbered, by decision of

1184-452: A very limited range of offences. However, many jurisdictions accept the following: Offending that is a breach of the law but for which no punishment exists is often not counted. For example: Suicide, which is technically illegal in most countries, may not be counted as a crime, although attempted suicide and assisting suicide are. Also traffic offending and other minor offending that might be dealt with by using fines rather than imprisonment,

1258-463: A waiting period of ten years or more. A dozen streets in San Francisco 's North Beach neighborhood were renamed in 1988 after deceased local writers; in 1994, the city broke with tradition, honoring Lawrence Ferlinghetti by renaming an alley after the poet within his own lifetime. Naming a street for a person is very common in many countries, often in the honorand's birthplace. However, it

1332-735: Is about the Reeperbahn. Randy Pie 's 1975 song "Kitsch" is about a curiosity shop on the Reeperbahn – the group hailed from Hamburg. Reeperbahn is the name of a 1980s Swedish band. Finnish artist Irwin Goodman has a song and an album called St.Pauli ja Reeperbahn . The street is also mentioned in the Elvis Costello song "Human Hands", in Van Morrison 's song "Heavy Connection", in Paul Kelly 's song "Every Fucking City", in

1406-614: Is also the most controversial type of naming, especially in cases of renaming. Two main reasons streets are renamed are: (1) to commemorate a person who lived or worked in that area (for example, Avenue Victor Hugo in Paris , where he resided); or (2) to associate a prominent street in a city after an admired major historical figure even with no specific connection to the locale (for example, René Lévesque Boulevard in Montreal , formerly Dorchester Boulevard). Similarly, hundreds of roads in

1480-649: Is named after a locally famous physician whose clinic was located there. Many streets named after saints are named because they lead to, or are adjacent to, churches dedicated to them. Naming a street after oneself as a bid for immortality has a long pedigree: Jermyn Street in London was named by Henry Jermyn, 1st Earl of St Albans , who developed the St. James's area for Charles II of England . Perhaps to dissuade such posterity-seeking, many jurisdictions only allow naming for persons after their death, occasionally with

1554-488: Is not perceived as a crime by the officer concerned. For example, when faced with a domestic violence dispute between a couple, a law enforcement officer may decide it is far less trouble to arrest the male party to the dispute, because the female may have children to care for, despite both parties being equally culpable for the dispute. This sort of pragmatic decisionmaking asked if they are victims of crime, without needing to provide any supporting evidence. In these surveys it

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1628-410: Is often not counted as crime . However separate statistics may be kept for this sort of offending. Because of the difficulties in quantifying how much crime actually occurs, researchers generally take two approaches to gathering statistics about crime. However, as officers can only record crime that comes to their attention and might not record a matter as a crime if the matter is considered minor and

1702-560: Is quoted: "I might have been born in Liverpool – but I grew up in Hamburg". To mark the historical importance of their time in Hamburg, a Beatles-Platz was built at the cross of Reeperbahn and Große Freiheit. The popular 1944 movie Große Freiheit Nr. 7 tells the story of a singer (played by Hans Albers ) who works in a Reeperbahn club and falls in love with a girl played by Ilse Werner . Hans Albers and Heinz Rühmann played in

1776-590: Is the name of a track from the Christian rock group Model Engine 's CD The Lean Years Tradition . The Reeperbahn is often mentioned in Karen Duve 's 1999 novel, Regenroman . (The English translation is entitled Rain ). Tom Waits ' 2002 release Alice contains a track called "Reeperbahn". Zodiac Mindwarp & The Love Reaction released the track 'Christmas eve on the Reeperbahn' on their 2002 album I Am Rock. Dutch DJ and producer Nicky Romero had

1850-403: Is the participant's perception, or opinion, that a crime occurred, or even their understanding about what constitutes a crime that is being measured. As a consequence differing methodologies may make comparisons with other surveys difficult. One way in which, while other types of crime are under reported. These surveys also give insights as to why crime is reported, or not. The surveys show that

1924-419: Is used for streets which go at a diagonal or curve around, and hence do not fit easily in the grid. In many cases, the block numbers correspond to the numbered cross streets; for instance, an address of 1600 may be near 16th Street or 16th Avenue. In a city with both lettered and numbered streets, such as Washington, D.C., the 400 block may be between 4th and 5th streets or between D and E streets, depending on

1998-468: The Doric and Aeolic form of ὄνομα ónoma 'name'). The street name usually forms part of the address (though addresses in some parts of the world, notably most of Japan , make no reference to street names). Buildings are often given numbers along the street to further help identify them. Odonymy is the study of road names. Names are often given in a two-part form: an individual name known as

2072-718: The Midnight Oil song "Mountains of Burma", the Sloppy Seconds song "Germany" from their album Destroyed and in the Runrig song "Song of the Earth". The heavy metal band Blue Cheer have a song called "Sweet Child of the Reeperbahn" on their 1991 album Dining with the Sharks . The punk band The Toy Dolls have a song titled "Caught up the Reeperbahn", first released on their 1993 album Absurd-Ditties . "Reeperbahn"

2146-577: The Stallone film. There are other theatres at the Reeperbahn ( St. Pauli Theater , Imperial Theater, Schmidt's Tivoli ) and also several Cabarets /Varietés. A famous landmark is the Davidwache , a police station located on the South side of the Reeperbahn at the cross street Davidstraße . Street prostitution is legal during certain times of the day on Davidstraße . The Herbertstraße ,

2220-820: The Uniform Crime Reports from the FBI and the National Crime Victimization Survey from the Bureau of Justice Statistics. However, the U.S. has no comprehensive infrastructure to monitor crime trends and report the information to related parties such as law enforcement. Research using a series of victim surveys in 18 countries of the European Union , funded by the European Commission , has reported (2005) that

2294-745: The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379 , Israel renamed streets called "UN Avenue" in Haifa, Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv to "Zionism Avenue". Some international causes célèbres can attract cities around the world to rename streets in solidarity; for example a number of streets with South African embassies were renamed honouring Nelson Mandela during his imprisonment. Street names can also be changed to avoid negative associations, like Malbone Street in Brooklyn , New York City , renamed Empire Boulevard after

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2368-471: The local authority , which may adopt a detailed policy. For instance the city of Leeds , UK, provides that: The etymology of a street name is sometimes very obvious, but at other times it might be obscure or even forgotten. In the United States, most streets are named after numbers, landscapes, trees (a combination of trees and landscapes such as "Oakhill" is used often in residential areas), or

2442-475: The specific , and an indicator of the type of street, known as the generic . Examples are "Main Road", "Fleet Street" and "Park Avenue". The type of street stated, however, can sometimes be misleading: a street named "Park Avenue" need not have the characteristics of an avenue in the generic sense. Some street names have only one element, such as "The Beeches" or "Boulevard". In the 19th and early 20th centuries, it

2516-514: The 1954 movie Auf der Reeperbahn nachts um halb eins ( On the Reeperbahn at Half Past Midnight , after a song of the same name sung by Albers in the 1944 film). "Reeperbahn" is a 1978 song by Udo Lindenberg , to the tune of Penny Lane , lamenting the decay of the entertainment there. In the 1965 film Ship of Fools , Jose Ferrer and Christiane Schmidtmer sang "Heute Abend Geh'n Wir Bummeln Auf Der Reeperbahn" ("Tonight We Will Go Strolling on The Reeperbahn"). The Police song "Low Life"

2590-517: The Reeperbahn and Louise-Schroeder-Straße . The Operettenhaus , a musical theatre , is also located at the Reeperbahn. It played Andrew Lloyd Webber 's Cats for many years, after that Mamma Mia! , an ABBA -musical, followed by " Ich war noch niemals in New York ", ("I have never been to New York"), a jukebox musical featuring hit songs by Austrian singer/songwriter Udo Jürgens , then Sister Act and finally Rocky , based on

2664-500: The United Kingdom sees over one third of reported violent crimes being not recorded by the police. Because laws and practices vary between jurisdictions, comparing crime statistics between and even within countries can be difficult: typically only violent deaths (homicide or manslaughter) can reliably be compared, due to consistent and high reporting and relative clear definition. The U.S. has two major data collection programs,

2738-491: The United States were named with variations of Martin Luther King Jr. , in the years after his 1968 assassination . Conversely, renaming can be a way to eliminate a name that proves too controversial. For example, Hamburg Avenue in Brooklyn, New York became Wilson Avenue after the United States entered World War I against Germany (see below). In Riverside , California, a short, one-way street named Wong Way

2812-490: The area. Several older residents blamed the decline of the Reeperbahn's sex industry on the rise of discotheques and cheap bars that attract teenage customers. In 2013, the Dancing Towers were built at the eastern end of Reeperbahn, symbolizing a couple dancing tango . The increasing number of these and other modern buildings erected at the Reeperbahn attracted criticism by some St. Pauli inhabitants. The Reeperbahn

2886-714: The city plan for Washington, D.C. , north–south streets were numbered away from the United States Capitol in both directions, while east–west streets were lettered away from the Capitol in both directions and diagonal streets were named after various States of the Union. As the city grew, east–west streets past W Street were given two-syllable names in alphabetical order, then three-syllable names in alphabetical order, and finally names relating to flowers and shrubs in alphabetical order. Even in communities not laid out on

2960-446: The convent of Santa Monica survives as a building, and it has been converted to a museum. London's Crystal Palace Parade takes its name from a former exhibition centre that stood adjacent to it, destroyed by fire in 1936. Sometimes a street is named after a landmark that was destroyed to build that very street. For example, New York's Canal Street takes its name from a canal that was filled in to build it. New Orleans' Canal Street

3034-472: The country road leading toward Altona – which later took on the street name 'Reperbahn'." The street was a ropewalk in the 17th and 18th centuries. The street is lined with restaurants , night clubs , discotheques and bars . There are also strip clubs , sex shops , brothels and similar businesses. Between 1997 and 2007 the Erotic Art Museum was open on Nobistor, a street running between

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3108-401: The county adopted a uniform addressing and street-naming system, which the county did in 1932. In 1906, Cleveland, Ohio renamed streets to a numbered system. For an example Erie Street became East 9th Street, Bond Street became East 6th Street, and so forth. In Cleveland and its suburbs, all north–south streets are numbered from Cleveland's Public Square and east–west streets are numbered from

3182-581: The criminal justice system. Law enforcement agencies in some countries offer compilations of statistics for various types of crime. Two major methods for collecting crime data are law enforcement reports, which only reflect crimes that are reported, recorded, and not subsequently canceled; and victim study (victimization statistical surveys ), which rely on individual memory and honesty. For less frequent crimes such as intentional homicide and armed robbery, reported incidents are generally more reliable, but suffer from under-recording; for example, no criming in

3256-591: The deadly Malbone Street Wreck ; Cadieux Street in Montreal renamed De Bullion because the original name became infamous by the former presence of many bordellos; and several streets in the German Village area of Columbus, Ohio which were renamed with more "American" sounding names around World War I due to popular anti-German sentiments. Similarly, Hamburg Avenue in Brooklyn was renamed Wilson Avenue during World War I. Street names also can change due to

3330-453: The direction in which the street in question runs. However, addresses in Manhattan have no obvious relationship to cross streets or avenues, although various tables and formulas are often found on maps and travel guides to assist in finding addresses. Examples of grid systems : In languages that have grammatical cases , the specific part of a road name is typically in the possessive or genitive case , meaning "the road of [Name]". Where

3404-746: The enacting of the Charter of the French Language continues to press English-majority communities to further gallicise ( francize ) their street names (for example, what was once "Lakeshore Road" was changed to " Chemin Lakeshore" in the 1970s, with the Office québécois de la langue française pressuring a further change to " Chemin du Bord-du-Lac ", completely calquing the English name into French). Sometimes, when communities are consolidated,

3478-565: The end of the century they had declined by 40%. However, the European research suggests that "increased use of crime prevention measures may indeed be the common factor behind the near universal decrease in overall levels of crime in the Western world", since decreases have been most pronounced in property crime and less so, if at all, in contact crimes. Relatively few standards exist and none that permit international comparability beyond

3552-438: The issue is more political can be "co-naming", when the old name is fully retained but the street is also given a second subsidiary name, which may be indicated by a smaller sign underneath the 'main' name. (See section below on " Multiple names for a single street ".) Crime rate Crime statistics refer to systematic, quantitative results about crime, as opposed to crime news or anecdotes. Notably, crime statistics can be

3626-461: The level of crime in Europe has fallen back to the levels of 1990, and notes that levels of common crime have shown declining trends in the U.S., Canada, Australia and other industrialized countries as well. The European researchers say a general consensus identifies demographic change as the leading cause for this international trend. Although homicide and robbery rates rose in the U.S. in the 1980s, by

3700-506: The music video for his song " Toulouse " shot in Hamburg, Germany. Near the end, the actors enter the Reeperbahn's subway system. Australian pop-punk band the Hard-Ons have a song called "Don't Fear The Reeperbahn" on their 2007 album Most People Are Nicer Than Us . Its title is a play on the Blue Öyster Cult song " (Don't Fear) The Reaper ". German electro house duo Digitalism recorded

3774-421: The need to make an insurance claim, seek medical assistance, and the seriousness of an offence tend to increase the level of reporting, while the inconvenience of reporting, the involvement of intimate partners and the nature of the offending tend to decrease reporting. This allows degrees of confidence to be assigned to various crime statistics. For example: Motor vehicle thefts are generally well reported because

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3848-469: The new name, the overturning of a respected traditional name, or confusion from the altering of a familiar name useful in navigation. A proposal in 2005 to rename 16th Street, N.W. , in Washington, D.C., "Ronald Reagan Boulevard" exemplified all three. Issues of familiarity and confusion can be addressed by the street sign showing the current name and, in smaller writing, the old name. One compromise when

3922-716: The northernmost point in Cuyahoga County , which is in the City of Euclid . Bedford , Berea , and Chagrin Falls do not adhere to the grid rules of Cleveland. After World War I , Cleveland renamed a numbered street to Liberty Boulevard, to commemorate Cleveland area soldiers who had been killed in the Great War; in 1981, this street was renamed to Martin Luther King Jr. Drive. In the New York City borough of Queens ,

3996-480: The past, many streets were named for the type of commerce or industry found there. This rarely happens in modern times, but many such older names are still common. Examples are London's Haymarket ; Barcelona's Carrer de Moles (Millstone Street), where the stonecutters used to have their shops; and Cannery Row in Monterey, California. Some streets are named for landmarks that were in the street, or nearby, when it

4070-623: The past. A standardised survey project called the International Crime Victims Survey Results from this project have been briefly discussed earlier in this article. In 2019, the Global Organized Crime Index found that DRC had the highest rate of criminality. Annual estimates of crimes committed in the United States range from eleven to thirty million as many acts go unreported. An estimated hundred million Americans have

4144-530: The place of the Salambo . Hotel Luxor , Hamburg's oldest brothel that had operated on this street for 60 years, was closed in 2008. The street's name comes from the fact that Catholics were allowed to practise their religion here at a time when this district did not yet belong to Hamburg; they were forbidden from doing so in Protestant Hamburg proper. In 1967, Europe's largest brothel at the time,

4218-557: The result of two rather different processes: However, in their research, criminologists often draw on official figures as well. There are several methods for the measuring of crime. Public surveys are occasionally conducted to estimate the amount of crime that has not been reported to police. Such surveys are usually more reliable for assessing trends. However, they also have their limitations and generally don't procure statistics useful for local crime prevention, often ignore offenses against children and do not count offenders brought before

4292-773: The road between Oxford and Banbury changes name five times from the Banbury Road to the Oxford Road and back again as it passes through villages. Some streets are named after the areas that the street connects. For example, Clarcona Ocoee Road links the communities of Clarcona and Ocoee in Orlando, Florida , and Jindivick–Neerim South Road links the towns of Jindivick and Neerim South in Victoria , Australia. Some roads are named after their general direction, such as " Great North Road ". Bypasses are often named after

4366-560: The six-floor Eros Center , was opened on the Reeperbahn. It was closed in the late 1980s amidst the AIDS scare. At a major trial during 2006 and 2007 ten members of the "Marek Gang", which controls brothels on and near the Reeperbahn, were charged with pimping . The judge rejected the charge of forming a criminal gang and handed out suspended sentences: the men had started relationships with young women in local discotheques in order to recruit them to work in their brothels, an illegal practice if

4440-446: The song "Reeperbahn" on their 2011 release I Love You Dude . Udo Lindenberg recorded 2011 a song titled "Reeperbahn" live together with Jan Delay . The commercial house music producer Eric Prydz has a track titled "Reeperbahn" under his moniker Pryda . London based indie band Spector have a bonus track titled "Reeperbahn" on the deluxe version of their 2015 album Moth Boys . UK based folk rock band Skinny Lister wrote

4514-645: The specific is an adjective (as in "High Street"), however, it is inflected to match the generic. Street names are usually renamed after political revolutions and regime changes for ideological reasons. In postsocialist Romania, after 1989, the percentage of street renaming ranged from 6% in Bucharest , and 8% in Sibiu , to 26% in Timișoara . Street names can be changed relatively easily by municipal authorities for various reasons. Sometimes streets are renamed to reflect

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4588-634: The square of Hans-Albers-Platz south of the Reeperbahn. The Große Freiheit ("Great Freedom") is a street starting on the North Side with several bars, clubs and a Catholic church. In former years, several sex theatres here ( Salambo , Regina , Colibri , Safari ) would show live sex acts on stage . As of 2007, until its closure in 2013, the Safari was the only live sex theatre left in Germany. The popular table dance club Dollhouse now takes

4662-445: The street succumbed to Dutch elm disease . The Shambles , derived from the Anglo-Saxon term fleshammels ("meat shelves" in butchers' stalls), is a historical street name which still exists in various cities and towns around England . The best-known example is in York . The unusual etymologies of quite a few street names in the United Kingdom are documented in Rude Britain , complete with photographs of local signage . In

4736-424: The streets are renamed according to a uniform system. For example, when Georgetown became part of Washington, D.C., the streets in Georgetown were renamed as an extension of Washington's street-naming convention. Also, when leaders of Arlington County, Virginia, asked the United States Post Office Department to place the entire county in the "Arlington, Virginia" postal area, the Post Office refused to do so until

4810-410: The surname of an important individual (in some instances, it is just a commonly held surname such as Smith). Some streets, such as Elm Street in East Machias, Maine , have been renamed due to features changing. Elm Street's new name, Jacksonville Road, was chosen because it leads to the village of Jacksonville. Its former name was chosen because of elm trees; it was renamed when all of the trees along

4884-415: The town they route traffic around, for example the Newbury bypass . Some streets are named after famous or distinguished individuals, sometimes people directly associated with the street, usually after their deaths. Bucharest's Şoseaua Kiseleff was named after the Russian reformer Pavel Kiselyov who had the road built while Russian troops were occupying the city in the 1830s; its Strada Dr. Iuliu Barasch

4958-416: The victim may need to make the report for an insurance claim, while domestic violence, domestic child abuse and sexual offences are frequently significantly under-reported because of the intimate relationships involved, embarrassment and other factors that make it difficult for the victim to make a report. Attempts to use victimisation surveys from different countries for international comparison had failed in

5032-407: The women are under 21 years of age; some men had also abused some of the women who worked for them. Because of the problems with the high crime rate , in 2007 the Senate of Hamburg enacted a ban on weapons in the Reeperbahn area. The only other such area with a weapons ban in Hamburg is the Hansaplatz , St. Georg . The St Pauli Preservation Society decries the ongoing gentrification of

5106-440: Was a reversion to Catalan names from decades earlier, before the beginning of the Franco dictatorship in 1939. In a similar way, English street names were changed to French in Quebec during the 1970s, after French was declared the sole language for outdoor signage. This was met with hurt and anger by many of the province's Anglophones , who wished to retain their traditional placenames. The government body responsible for overseeing

5180-439: Was built. Such names are often retained after the landmark disappears. Barcelona's La Rambla is officially a series of streets. The Rambla de Canaletes is named after a fountain that still stands, but the Rambla dels Estudis is named after the Estudis Generals, a university building demolished in 1843, and the Rambla de Sant Josep, the Rambla dels Caputxins, and the Rambla de Santa Monica are each named after former convents. Only

5254-531: Was common when writing a two-part street name (especially in Britain) to link the two parts with a hyphen and not capitalise the generic (e.g. Broad-street, London-road). This practice has now died out. A street name can also include a direction (the cardinal points east, west, north, south, or the quadrants NW, NE, SW, SE) especially in cities with a grid-numbering system. Examples include "E Roosevelt Boulevard" and "14th Street NW". These directions are often (though not always) used to differentiate two sections of

5328-533: Was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic . Almost every establishment was forced to close. In the early 1960s, The Beatles (who had not yet become world-famous) played in several clubs around the Reeperbahn, including the Star-Club , Kaiserkeller , Top Ten (Reeperbahn 136) and Indra . Stories about the band's residencies, onstage and offstage antics are legendary; some stories are true ( John Lennon played

5402-581: Was named for the canal that was to be built in its right-of-way. While names such as Long Road or Nine Mile Ride have an obvious meaning, some road names' etymologies are less clear. The various Stone Streets, for example, were named at a time when the art of building paved (stone) Roman roads had been lost. The main road through Old Windsor , UK, is called "Straight Road", and it is straight where it carries that name. Many streets with regular nouns rather than proper nouns, are somehow related to that noun. For example, Station Street or Station Road, do connect to

5476-771: Was renamed to a more respectful Wong Street, as well as spelled out in Chinese characters to honor the historical Chinatown that once occupied the area. In a case of a street named after a living person becoming controversial, Lech Wałęsa Street in San Francisco was renamed to Dr. Tom Waddell Place in 2014 after Wałęsa made a public remark against gay people holding major public office. There are public benefits to having easily understood systems of orderly street names, such as in sequences: A 1950 American Planning Association report supports use of these systems. Groups of streets in one area are sometimes named using

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