127-466: (Redirected from S-60 ) S60 or S-60 may refer to: Automobiles [ edit ] S-60 (tractor) , a Soviet tractor Toyota Crown (S60) , a sedan Volvo S60 , a compact executive car Aviation [ edit ] Blériot-SPAD S.60 , a French biplane fighter Kenmore Air Harbor , in Kenmore, Washington, United States Sikorsky S-60 ,
254-755: A line of the Stuttgart S-Bahn Other uses [ edit ] AZP S-60 , a Soviet anti-aircraft gun INS Sindhukesari (S60) , a submarine of the Indian Navy S60: This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste , a safety phrase S60-class submarine , of the Spanish Navy S60 Shangqiu–Dengfeng Expressway , in China S60, a postcode district Rotherham, England [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
381-482: A 2.6 L V8 engine. However, it had a different model designation, G10 (VG10 when fitted by 2.6 L V engine). The car was first introduced at the 1963 Tokyo Motor Show and introduced for sale on April 20, 1964, nine days before Emperor Showa 's birthday and the beginning of Golden Week in Japan. While it was essentially a wider S40 Crown, it was branded as a "Toyota" and not "Toyopet". The Toyota Crown Eight
508-470: A bench seat with individually reclining front seat backs. A parking brake handle was now relocated to the centre console unless it had a bench seat that used the version installed to the left of the steering wheel. Some of the standard or optional items included power express down for the driver's window, a tilt steering wheel adjustment, a system monitor that would inform if the disc brake lining needed to be serviced, an AM/FM Stereo radio with four speakers,
635-626: A competitor to the Nissan Laurel sedan, with the new Chaser intended as an alternative to the Nissan Skyline in Japan. This generation offered as standard equipment a new windshield wiper and headlight switch installation, with the controls operated by levers attached to the steering column. A rear wiper was also available for all sedan, hardtop, and station wagon upper trim level packages. A steering column automatic gear selector continued to be offered on entry-level trim packages and
762-704: A competitor to the newly introduced Nissan Laurel in Japan, the Isuzu Florian , and the Nissan Bluebird / Datsun 510 internationally that appeared August 1967, and two years after the Mazda Luce in 1966. The Mark II was the top-level product at Toyopet Store locations until the Toyota Celsior was introduced in 1989. At the Mark II's introduction in the late 1960s, Toyota was known as
889-525: A diesel-engined Mark II went on sale, a first for the model as an alternative to the diesel-powered Isuzu Florian , and the diesel-powered car was exclusive to Toyota Diesel Store locations. In 1998, Toyota released a car called Progrès . The Progrès' front end resembles an updated version of the X30/X40 series sedan. Both feature a combination of round and squared lighting. The grille and bonnet also have similar shapes, sizes, and lines. The Grande trim
1016-477: A double-hinged tailgate, as the next generation converted to an overhead-lifting hatchback door. Crowns that were equipped with the 2,253 cc 2M engine were no longer classified as compact cars under Japanese vehicle size classification regulations , even though the length and width were still in compliance. Toyota offered the larger engine so that buyers who were traditionally served by the Crown could now choose
1143-545: A front bench seat with individually reclining seatbacks while other trim packages and the hardtop coupé came only with a full-length centre console that could accommodate either a manual or automatic transmission gear selector. The availability of engines over 2.0 litres was a new approach, obligating the Japanese driver to more annual road tax and upper trim packages added more standard equipment and available optional items. An electric clock became standard on all models but
1270-511: A more reinforced chassis with the more powerful 6-cylinder 3.4 L engine from the Toyota BX truck. In a similar way, an ambulance based on the Crown was also built. In 1956, both of these vehicles were upgraded to the F 3.9 L engine and remained in production until 1959. The Crown was much more popular than the Master due to the more compliant suspension of the Crown, and while the Master
1397-470: A price boost to $ 2,329 for the Deluxe model, sales more than tripled to 967 units. For 1960, Toyota added a wagon body style ($ 2,111 for the two-door, $ 2,211 for the four-door) but in the midst of Detroit's Big Three compact cars (Ford Falcon, Chevy Corvair and Plymouth Valiant), sales fell to 659 units. For 1961, the Crown was being sold with the newer 3R engine and alongside the new smaller Tiara model with
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#17327870678141524-542: A prototype American flying crane Consumer electronics [ edit ] S60 (software platform) , for mobile devices Canon PowerShot S60 , a digital camera Cat S60 , a mobile phone Pentax Optio S60, a digital camera Rail and transit [ edit ] S60 (Long Island bus) S60 (RER Fribourg) , a rail line in Fribourg, Switzerland Lugano–Ponte Tresa Railway , in Ticino, Switzerland S60,
1651-421: A red or grey interior, four exterior colours, and a 1970s-era sweep speedometer with engine temperature and fuel gauge only. In September 1969 the Mark II went through a mid-model refresh and new trim packages were added. The 1900SL was the entry-level offering joined by the 1900GSL and the performance trim package 1900GSS was the top model and was installed with the twincam 1,900 cc 8R-G (originally called
1778-472: A separately available cassette player or 8-track cassette, full instrumentation including a volt meter and oil pressure, cruise control, and the rear seat back that could fold down to accommodate long items in the boot. Mid-grade trim packages with the four-cylinder engine and the automatic transmission replaced the tachometer with an econometer that used intake manifold vacuum pressure to display "power," "acceleration," or "cruising". Entry-level vehicles replaced
1905-523: A small, economy car manufacturer. The Corona Mark II was sold as a larger companion to the Corona while still being smaller than the Crown. In Japan, the sportier Toyota Chaser appeared in 1977 at Toyota Auto Store , and later in 1980, the Toyota Cresta appeared at Toyota Vista Store locations. As other automakers continued to offer vehicles in this size class, the Mark II's popularity peaked in
2032-419: A smaller annual road tax obligation. The suspension and chassis were updated, and used MacPherson struts at all four wheels, borrowing the rear suspension from the Crown, using semi-trailing arms with four links. All body styles were now integrated with a safety cage with crumple zones for the front and rear, a body-on-frame chassis was abandoned, and unitary construction was now used. In October 1979
2159-546: A three-speed automatic transmission. North American market cars had the 2.3-litre M-series "six" when they first went on sale in early 1972, but in August of that year this was replaced by the larger 2.6-litre 4M unit. Power, originally at 109 hp (81 kW), increased to 123 hp (92 kW). This was the only engine offered for the Mark II's next four years in the North American markets. The third generation
2286-531: A wood-grained rim, while the GSS was black plastic. The list of optional items was shared with the sedan and wagon and included cruise control, air conditioning, electric rear window defroster, AM/FM stereo with a separately installed 8-track tape player , and power windows. Standard items added include a collapsible steering column in case of collision, three-point seat belts for front passengers with an audible seatbelt reminder, and power assist brakes with disc brakes for
2413-509: Is MS70 (2.0-liter), or MS75 (2.6-liter). The Japanese market Crown Custom (Wagon) was classified as a seven-seater. This generation was the first Crown marketed as a Toyota in Japan, as previous models were marketed as Toyopets. Also, in Japan, this model was known as the " whale " or "kujira" Crown. In 1973, Japanese television commercials introduced Japanese actress Sayuri Yoshinaga as a co-spokeswoman, joining Satoshi Yamamura, and together they appeared in commercials until 1983. Crown's for
2540-466: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Toyota Crown (S60) The Toyota Crown ( Japanese : トヨタ・クラウン , Hepburn : Toyota Kuraun ) is an automobile which has been produced by Toyota in Japan since 1955. It is primarily a line of mid-size luxury cars that is marketed as an upmarket offering in the Toyota lineup. In North America,
2667-512: The 10R ). For North America, the Mark II was available with bucket seats for the driver and front passenger, a centre console with a floor-mounted manual transmission, electric rear window defroster, and a full size spare tire installed externally and underneath the cargo area on the wagon, with rear seats that fold down to a fully carpeted rear cargo area. The Mark II wagon was the largest wagon Toyota offered in North America, next to
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#17327870678142794-426: The 18R engine. The Australian-market Cressida received the 2.6-litre 4M engine, although in de-smogged form (meeting ADR27 ) it only produced 79 kW (107 PS) for relatively leisurely performance, but comparable, if not more power than the domestic, larger inline six cylinder engines offered by Ford, Chrysler and Holden. Standard features included air conditioning, automatic transmission (a 5-speed manual
2921-438: The 1973 oil crisis and remain competitive with other Japanese makers selling their vehicles. In 1974, it was marketed in the U.S. as a fully loaded coupe, sedan, and station wagon with limited available options. Standard features included a six-cylinder SOHC engine, four-speed manual transmission, front disc brakes, heater defroster, and bucket seats. Some options were stereo cassette player , power steering, air conditioning, and
3048-615: The Airport Limousine was shown as a concept car at the 1961 Tokyo Motor Show . It did not go into production. In December 1955, the Crown Deluxe (RSD) was introduced, a posher model equipped with a radio and heater as standard. The initial RS model received a cosmetic update in 1958 to become the RS20, now with hooded headlights and a single-piece front windshield. In October 1959, Japan's first diesel-engine passenger car,
3175-617: The Land Cruiser , and seventh in the world after the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (1954), Chevrolet Corvette (1953), Land Cruiser and Nissan Patrol (both 1951), Volkswagen Transporter (1950), Ford F-Series (1947), and Chevrolet Suburban (1935). The Crown was first exported to the United States from 1958 to 1973 as the first model Toyota exported to the country. In 1960, Toyota temporarily suspended exports to
3302-585: The Masterline . There was also a limited run of the sedan known as the Toyota Crown S (MS41S) which featured twin SU style carburettors on the 2.0L M in-line-six engine, sportier camshaft, sports instrumentation, sports suspension, four-speed floor shift, bucket seats, 14 inch wheels, disc brakes on the front and larger drum brakes in the rear. This Crown became the first Toyota to be exported to Europe, after
3429-518: The R-series four-cylinder engines. Crown vehicles meant for commercial use had received the Masterline nameplate until the introduction of this generation; they were now badged "Crown" as well. However, this generation was the last to be offered in an entire line of commercials - from the next generation on, the only commercial-use model available was the Crown Van, whose bodywork was also used for
3556-609: The Toyota Corona Mark II was an all new vehicle at its introduction in 1968, that sought to offer a car that was just under Japanese government regulations concerning maximum vehicle dimensions and engine displacement, thus allowing the Crown to grow larger and more luxurious. Using the established platform of the Corona sedan but slightly larger and wider, it was exclusive to Toyopet Store locations, and offered as
3683-433: The personal luxury coupé wasn't offered. In New Zealand, a two-litre four-cylinder sedan version replaced the six-cylinder Crown in local assembly after the 1970s oil crises prompted the government to impose a 60% sales tax on cars with engines larger than two litres. A few fully built up Crowns were subsequently imported. In other markets, the larger Toyota Crown also remained available. The name " Cressida " derives from
3810-458: The "Mark II" as a trim package name and omitted the "Corona" model name while the "Corona" prefix was used internationally for brand recognition. The X10s are sedans and wagons, while the X20 is a two-door coupé. The coupé utility bodystyle was not updated, with the previous generation continuing to be built alongside the new one. The second generation's styling progressed from the first and resembled
3937-455: The "Mark II-L," 2000GSS, 2000GSL, 2000SL, 2000GL, 2000DX, and the 1700DX. Depending on the trim package, the coupe interior was only available in black vinyl or cloth, while the "Mark II-L" came in tan cloth. All came with a three-spoke steering wheel, but the appearance was slightly different. The sport steering wheel had a raised centre hub, while the DX was flat across. The Mark II-L, GSL, and SL had
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4064-634: The 1980s. The Mark II's siblings, the Chaser and the Cresta, were discontinued due to declining sales, partly influenced by the Japanese recession that started in the early 1990s and were combined into the short-lived Toyota Verossa . The Mark II evolved into the Toyota Mark X , a name chosen because it was the tenth generation of the car, which was popular in Japan and selected international markets until
4191-522: The 2.0-liter M six-cylinder engine also available. As for the previous generation, the M-C engine (in Japanese specifications) has 105 PS (77 kW; 104 bhp), while the 5R's output increased somewhat to 98 PS (72 kW; 97 bhp). In some markets the previous 2.3-liter "2M" six remained available, in sedan or "utility wagon" forms. The Utility Wagon was a body style between commercial and passenger car, and carried chassis codes MS67V until
4318-520: The 2.0-liter M engine or the 2.3-liter 2M engine shared with the Toyota 2000GT sports coupe. A premium level Super Saloon joined the Super Deluxe model, and was available with the 2M engine including twin carburettors, electric windows, rear seat radio controls, air conditioning and luxury fabric on the seating including the Crown logo embossed into the vinyl. Lower specified models were equipped with
4445-531: The 2.0-litre 18R engine, and were introduced in November 1977. The engine was built in South Africa by Toyota's Motor Assemblies subsidiary. Originally only a fully equipped L version was available, with a lower-priced semi-deluxe version appearing in the first month of 1978. A station wagon, Toyota's first in South Africa, appeared in August 1978. It was available in either semi-deluxe or full deluxe trim,
4572-447: The 2.8-litre inline-six engine, while in other markets smaller units were often available. Much like the contemporary Camry and Corolla, the US market Cressida had a unique interior that differed from other LHD variants, including those sold in nearby Canada, in order to satisfy American design tastes and certain federal requirements. While other LHD Cressidas had essentially a mirror image of
4699-584: The Century VG20. Approx 3,800 Crown Eights were produced. Some of the items that were exclusive to the Crown Eight were climate control , automatic headlamps , electrically powered windows, electric cruise control , and a two-speed "Toyoglide" automatic transmission. Vent windows were installed on all doors, separate from the side windows, and could be opened or closed electrically. The front and rear door latches were electromagnetic and installed on
4826-481: The Corona and Corolla wagons; the Crown wagon was no longer sold in North America. The US-exported versions arrived for the 1969 model year and often include the more powerful R series motors compared to other regions. Before its US introduction, it appeared in South Africa, which was the first market to receive the 1900 cc engine. While Japan and other markets often had 1.5-litre 2R , 1.6-litre 7R / 12R to 1.7-litre 6R models as well. Engines were shared with
4953-587: The Corona with a higher level of equipment offered at the time, sharing some of the features of the larger Crown, but taking the top position at Toyopet Store locations. At its introduction, the Mark II was third in Toyota's hierarchy of sedans, below the Crown and the all new, hand built, V8-engined limousine called the Toyota Century . Its competitor was primarily the Nissan Laurel in Japan, released earlier that year in April. The trim packages started with
5080-685: The Corona). The model was replaced in NZ assembly by the Cressida in 1979 though limited imports of Japanese assembled cars continued for several more years. The island nations of Aruba and Curaçao in the Southern Caribbean also imported the Crown starting from the second generation (S40) in 1965 in Curaçao up until importation of the tenth generation (S150). It was discontinued in 1998 due to
5207-402: The Corona, with both using the 2R , and the 12R engines. Transmissions offered were an automatic transmission with three speeds for export and two speeds in Japan, or a choice of either a four- or three-speed manual transmission. The second generation was based on a new X series platform, having graduated away from the previous T series chassis. In Japan, the second generation no longer used
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5334-554: The Cressida. Its size, ride comfort, and interior accommodations ranged from affordable to luxurious, and it was typically Toyota's most luxurious offering in markets where the more prestigious Crown was not available. Vans and fleet use versions were also offered, although they were gradually discontinued, with taxi production ending in 1995 and the Mark II Van ending in 1997. The last three generations were only available as four-door sedans for private use. The first series, called
5461-512: The Crown Diesel, was introduced. Its C-series engine only had 40 PS (29 kW). In October 1960, the 1.5 L R engine was complemented by the larger 1.9 L (1,896 cc) 3R engine for a model called the RS30, originally only available in the Deluxe version. The 1900 was also available with the new two-speed Toyoglide automatic transmission. In April 1961, a Crown Standard 1900
5588-525: The Crown Eight successor, the Century. Unlike a conventional door handle, the door latch would release by touching the interior switch. The front suspension used a double wishbone suspension with coil springs and the rear used a trailing arm suspension with coil springs, with shock absorbers for all wheels. The Crown Eight was available in four exterior colors: Royal Bronze Metallic, Sherwood Olive Metallic, Black, and Victoria Blue Metallic. Launched in 1967,
5715-488: The Crown has been popular for government usage, whether as a police car or for transporting government officials. It has also been popular with Japanese companies as company cars along with use as a taxicab. While a base Crown was available for many years aimed at the taxicab market, the increasing opulence and price of the Crown line led to the creation of the Comfort in 1995 as a more affordable alternative. Outside Japan,
5842-483: The Crown in sedan form only (Standard and Deluxe) with a base price of US$ 2,187 (equivalent to about $ 23,096 in 2023). Options included $ 94 AM radio and $ 75 whitewall tires. By comparison, an optioned up Crown was $ 32 more than the base Chevy Del Ray and $ 10 more than the Rambler Rebel V8 sedan. Total sales for the initial year were 287. For 1959, sales were again limited to only sedan models and despite
5969-502: The Crown spokesman for 16 years, introducing subsequent new generations of Crown products until 1983. The Crown range now included the four-door station wagon, pick-up (rare), double cab pick-up (very rare), and in October 1968, the new two-door hardtop " personal luxury car ." In September 1968 the option of power steering was added. In 1969 the Crown received a facelift for the headlight, grill and trim arrangement. The Crown S used
6096-526: The Crown's outgoing 1.5L engine. Only the Custom sedan and wagon were offered ($ 1,795 and $ 2,080 respectively). Total sales for 1961 reached only 225 units, trailing off to 74 for 1962, and finally 28 for 1963. Total sales for the Toyopet Crown RS series in the United States is 2,240. By the end of 1960, Toyota Motor Sales USA had accumulated 1.42 million dollars in losses from lackluster sales of
6223-687: The Crown's platform and powertrain options. Later models of the GS and Crown have taken on a very strong aesthetic kinship through shared design cues. In 2022, Toyota unveiled four different Crown models to replace the fifteenth-generation model. The first model that is available is the Crossover-type Crown, which is also marketed in North America as the sole Crown model. The remaining three models: Sedan, Sport, and Estate, will be released in 2023 and 2024 respectively, and will be available in hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell powertrains depending on
6350-429: The Crown, at Toyota Store locations. When sales of the Crown proved worthwhile, the Master was discontinued in November 1956 after being in production for only one year, and production facilities for the Master were transferred to the Crown. While the Master was discontinued the commercial vehicle based thereon, the Masterline , continued to be offered (utilities, wagons and vans) until 1959. A six-door wagon known as
6477-638: The Crown. To prevent any further loss, all passenger car imports were suspended and new management structures were established to refocus all sales efforts on the Toyota Land Cruiser with profitability expected from selling 50 to 60 per month until the development of a new car suitable for the US market. In November 2000, Toyota released the Origin , a retro version of the RS series Crown to celebrate 100 million vehicles having been built in Japan. Due to
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#17327870678146604-507: The GSS came with a five-speed manual. The Crown line of cars was no longer marketed in North America after 1972 due to disappointing sales. This left a gap offered by Toyota Motor North America , offering the Corolla , Corona , Celica , Land Cruiser , and Hilux truck. Fortunately, the second-generation Mark II increased in size and would be one of the few sensible options for families transitioning from larger American Detroit cars during
6731-535: The Japanese Domestic Market Hardtop featured rectangular halogen headlights, and export models featured twin round headlights. All models featured flush bumpers, marketed by Toyota as " spindle-shaped ." Toyota Mark II (X10) The Toyota Mark II ( Japanese : トヨタ・マークII , Hepburn : Toyota Māku Tsū ) is a compact , later mid-size sedan manufactured and marketed in Japan by Toyota between 1968 and 2004. Prior to 1972,
6858-595: The Mark II hardtop coupe was introduced in September 1968. Two trim packages and two engines were offered. The top trim package was the 1900SL (Sport Luxury) or the 1900 Deluxe using the SOHC 1900 8R-C . The 1900 SL came with power windows, a rear window defroster, and a choice of four exterior colours with a black interior. The instrument panel came standard with a round tachometer, speedometer, volt meter, water temperature, oil pressure, and fuel gauge. The 1900 Deluxe offered
6985-521: The Mark II with the 99 PS (73 kW) DIN (105 PS JIS) 21R engine (RX60) beginning in late 1981. The second-generation Cressida, the MX63 (sedans for model years 1983 and 1984 with new IRS, the wagon and solid rear axle model is the MX62), was a significant redesign from the previous generation. Gone was the coupé version, but a more up-to-date body style was new for the sedan and wagon. Changes from
7112-662: The Mark II, followed by the Mark II Deluxe, Mark II 1900 Deluxe, and the top-level Mark II SL. The four-door sedan was designated the T60, and the two-door coupé the T70. The 1,600 cc 7R series engine was replaced by the 1,700 cc 6R series engine. A year later the 1,500 cc 2R models were replaced by the 1,600 cc 12R engines. The RT62 sedans and the RT72 coupé feature the 1.9-litre 8R four-cylinder engine, unique to
7239-466: The Mark II. The RT63 sedan, RT73 coupé, and RT78/RT79 station wagons feature a two-litre 18R four-cylinder engine, also unique to the Mark II. While only two engines were available yearly to Japanese buyers, yearly changes would be introduced; each year, the two engine choices had two different horsepower ratings. Due to Japan's annual road tax obligation, several trim packages were offered, paired with two engine displacements. The two engine choices kept
7366-461: The RHD interior sold in markets like Japan and Australia, the US spec interior had a unique steering wheel, completely different bottom half of the dashboard with more luxurious soft touch materials, and the major addition of the automatic shoulder belts, which were not offered in any other market. The Cressida was the first car to offer an automatic motorized passive seat belt system, a full year ahead of
7493-467: The S60 series Crown. It reflected a popular styling trend that appeared internationally during the 1960s and 1970s, called " Coke bottle styling ," which Toyota adopted for only this generation of the Mark II. Japanese trim package names for the sedan were updated with the top level "Mark II-L", followed by the 2000GSL, 2000GL, 2000DX, 1700DX, and the wagon came as either the 2000DX or the 1700DX. The Mark II-L
7620-457: The Wagon models. Crown Double-Cab pickups were produced by the former Central Motor Co., Ltd. until December 1970. When the 1967 S50 series Crown was introduced to Japan, television commercials used Japanese actor Satoshi Yamamura , who among his many roles on stage, movie, and television, portrayed Fleet Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in the 1970s movie Tora! Tora! Tora! Yamamura would serve as
7747-402: The addition of the "M" six-cylinder engine in 1965. Deluxe and Super Deluxe models were available with added features. The ladder frame chassis of the previous generation was replaced with an X-frame to achieve a lower centre of gravity. The sedan and wagon were known simply as the Crown while the commercial vehicles (coupe utility, double cab coupe utility (pick ups), and van) were known as
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#17327870678147874-558: The all-new Corona Mark II in 1968. This allowed Toyota to reposition the Crown as the top level privately available luxury sedan, with much nicer interior treatments, more spacious accommodations. This was the last generation for the pick-up versions of the Crown, as load carrying was ceded to the new Toyota Hilux in February 1971. Australian market models were assembled in Australia by Australian Motor Industries . The two-door ute
8001-493: The car's reliability, Toyota staged a campaign common to American automakers: a coast-to-coast endurance run from Los Angeles to New York. The Toyopet was barely able to limp into Las Vegas before the project had to be called off. Toyota's first export to the United States began with 30 Crown Deluxes in June 1958 after establishing Toyota Motor Sales USA the previous October, the first directly managed retail dealer (Hollywood Toyota)
8128-584: The door was closed and the ignition switched on. All US-market Cressidas from 1981 on were so equipped. In 1983, the Cressida was refreshed and gained an independent semi-trailing link rear suspension, rear vented disc brakes, and the 5M-GE engine. Much of this technology came from the Toyota Supra parts bin with minor differences. A five-speed manual transmission was available, but cars equipped with it were considerably more rare than automatic versions. The electronically controlled A43DE automatic transmission
8255-402: The double-cab Masterline pickup (RR19) started in April 1957 by the former Central Motors . In August 1957, three Toyota delegates with the intent to establish a sales company in the United States introduced a white and black Crown and Crown Deluxe at a public relations event attended by dealers and the media. Both models were constructed with 50% thicker steel than the average American car at
8382-579: The early 1973 facelift when it was replaced by the MS68V with the 2.6 engine. While previous generations of the Crown had been marketed under the Toyopet brand, the fourth-generation model was the first version to be officially marketed worldwide as the Toyota Crown. The Sedan and Wagon (Custom) were coded RS60/MS60/MS64/MS65 and MS62/MS63, while the Van was coded MS66V with the two liter "six". The Hardtop Coupé
8509-494: The early 1980s. Australia was another important export market for the Crown – to the extent that it was manufactured there from the mid-1960s until the late 1980s using many local components. It was discontinued when the button car plan was put into effect. Exports to New Zealand began in 1968 and local CKD kit assembly of the Deluxe sedan started in 1973 (under contract at Steel's Motor Assemblies in Christchurch alongside
8636-472: The end of the Mark II nameplate. It was not until 1988 that Toyota would offer Japanese buyers an engine over two litres in the Mark II/Chaser/Cresta family again. The Toyota Chaser was released in 1977 as a competitor to the Nissan Skyline sedan. The first Chaser was a Mark II with a slightly differing front and rear treatment, of a performance class compared to the Mark II, and replaced
8763-592: The first through fourth generations were offered from 1958 through 1972, being replaced by the Corona Mark II . The Crown nameplate returned to the North American market in 2022, when the sixteenth-generation model was released. The Crown has also been partially succeeded in export markets by its closely related sibling, the Lexus GS , which since its debut in 1991 as the Toyota Aristo has always shared
8890-402: The front seatback could be reclined horizontally to be flat to the rear seat, while the rear seat included a center folding armrest. The Crown Eight was considered as a possible submission for use by the Japanese Imperial Household Agency as a car to be used by senior members of the Imperial House of Japan , but it lost out to the Nissan Prince Royal . The Crown Eight was replaced in 1967 by
9017-415: The front wheels. In export markets, a version was sold as a station wagon, whilst in Japan, it was marketed as a van intended for commercial use. Due to the introduction of the Toyota Hilux pickup truck, the previously offered Mark II pickup was discontinued. The suspension carried over from the previous series, using double wishbones for the front wheels, while the coupe used 4-link with coil springs and
9144-472: The front wheels. The GSS offered the 1,968 cc 18R-G DOHC four-cylinder with dual carburetors for 1972–1974, upgrading to electronic fuel injection starting in 1975, while the Mark II-L coupe offered the 1,988 cc M straight six engine in 1972 then upgraded in 1973 to the 1,988 cc M-E fuel injected version. The transmission was either a four-speed manual or a three-speed automatic, but
9271-463: The growing demand for SUVs and crossovers , which saw the Mark X canceled in 2019. The Corona Mark II, first offered for sale in Japan, September 1968, at Toyopet Store dealerships, was intended as an alternative model to the more established luxury sedan, the Crown , sold at Toyota Store dealerships, and the smaller Corona , also available at Toyopet Stores . It was a slightly larger vehicle than
9398-653: The head of Denmark's Erla Auto Import A/S saw it at the Tokyo Motor Show. They brought in 190 of these subsequent to a May 1963 agreement. In Canada, it was introduced in November 1964 as one of the first Toyota models available in the country alongside the UP10 Publica . In the US, the MS41L sedan was available in the US for US$ 2,305 (equivalent to about $ 23,217 in 2023) PoE while the MS46LG station wagon
9525-431: The high price and low demand combined with the introduction of the Lexus GS series. In 2019, a small number of fifteenth-generation Crowns were exported to Indonesia for use as an official vehicle by cabinet ministers and other government officials. The sixteenth-generation Crown that was introduced in 2022 will be exported to about 40 countries with an expected annual sales volume of around 200,000 units. The Crown
9652-489: The introduction of the Corona , the dramatically restyled and enlarged Series S40 was launched in 1962, and saw the introduction of the Custom model. The front grill approach has a similar appearance to the 1960 Imperial Crown (Chrysler) , which speaks to Toyota's aspirations that the Crown be a large, comfortable sedan. The station wagon body style carried over from the previous generation Masterline, but with more attention to
9779-418: The larger Lexus LS took over the role of Toyota's flagship sedan in 1989 in the company's global lineup. Toyota's "Discover Crown Spirit Project" is a program in which Japanese Toyota dealers fully restore instances of every generation of the Crown to show that even the oldest Crown still works. Having been in production since 1955, the Crown is Toyota's second longest running model nameplate in Japan after
9906-502: The larger engine. The Mark II Grande continued to be available with a larger engine, the 2.8-liter 5M-EU inline-six producing 145 PS (107 kW). In 1982, the twin-cam 1G-GEU engine was added, and in 1983 the automatic transmission was changed to an electronically controlled four-speed. The top-of-the-line "Grande" version continued to be available, only in combination with the more powerful engine options. The Van generally received less powerful engines, had very sparse equipment, and
10033-455: The latter only as an automatic. The fourth-generation Mark II was introduced in October 1980. The two-door coupé was no longer offered, which was replaced by the Soarer . The fourth generation was now available as a four-door sedan, pillared hardtop , or as a station wagon, the last of which is marketed for commercial use in Japan. The all-new Crown offered the same bodystyles, also losing
10160-503: The lead character in William Shakespeare 's play Troilus and Cressida , inspired by Cressida , a female Trojan character. Depending on the market it was sold in, it had the 4M carbureted engine (MX32, MX36), the 18R engine (RX30, RX32, RX35) or 3T engine (TX30). The North American models started with the carbureted 4M engine (MX32) but in mid-1978 the fuel-injected 4M-E replaced its carbureted counterpart – this
10287-456: The legal requirement taking effect. The centre console is also different and includes two levers for both driver and passenger with "LIFT FOR EMERGENCY EXIT" decals that are designed to release the tension in the automatic shoulder belts when they lock up as designed in a collision or panic stop situation. The US-market 1981 Cressida was the first car to come with motorized automatic shoulder harnesses which wrapped around front seat occupants when
10414-461: The luxurious approach used on the Crown. The stylized "crown" badge, affixed to the grille and hubcaps, first appeared with this generation. Headlights were integrated within the boundaries of the greatly enlarged grill, providing a clean, modern appearance. A 2-speed automatic transmission was introduced, called Toyoglide, with a column shift. A bigger and better car than the previous S30 series, it initially had four-cylinder R-series engines before
10541-515: The mechanicals were much the same as the previous generation, but additional equipment was included. The X-frame chassis of the S40 series was now dropped in favour of a perimeter frame that improved collision protection for passengers; this chassis design would remain in use until 1999 when the S130-series wagons were superseded by the unibody S170-series Estates. Higher specification models used
10668-762: The model was marketed as the Toyota Corona Mark II . In most export markets, Toyota marketed the vehicle as the Toyota Cressida between 1976 and 1992 across four generations. Toyota replaced the rear-wheel-drive Cressida in North America with the front-wheel-drive Avalon . Every Mark II and Cressida was manufactured at the Motomachi plant at Toyota, Aichi , Japan from September 1968 to October 1993, and later at Toyota Motor Kyushu 's Miyata plant from December 1992 to October 2000, with some models also assembled in Jakarta , Indonesia and Parañaque , Philippines as
10795-560: The model. Introduced in 1955 as the Toyopet Crown , it has served as the mainstream sedan from Toyota in the Japanese market throughout its existence and holds the distinction of being one of the longest-running passenger-car nameplate affixed to any Toyota model. Its traditional competitors in Japan and Asia were the defunct Nissan Cedric / Gloria / Fuga , Honda Legend , Mazda Luce , Isuzu Bellel and Mitsubishi Debonair . Formerly only available at Toyota Store dealers in Japan,
10922-645: The previous February, U.S. wholesale and import companies, and a parts warehouse in Long Beach. Toyota also signs up 45 dealers to sell cars in its initial year, growing to 70 dealers by 1960 and 90 by 1962. In the effort to obtain certification from the California Highway Patrol for the sale of the Crown in California, Toyota shipped the cars without headlights and installed General Electric sourced sealed beam units upon arrival which met
11049-474: The previous generation Mark II GSS hardtop coupe. Later generations received more differentiated styling. The idea of the Chaser was to offer a sportier version of the Mark II, which was sold at a Japanese Toyota dealership called Toyota Auto Store , often with larger engines. The Chaser was an alternative to Japanese buyers as the dealership had only offered one car called the Toyota Sprinter , which
11176-415: The previous generation included a larger engine using electronic fuel injection, now up to 116 hp (87 kW) at 4800 rpm in North American trim. The 5M-E would power the 1981 and 1982 model years before it was superseded by the 5M-GE , a DOHC engine with a substantially higher power rating, 143 hp (107 kW) in 1983 and 1984. North American X60-series Cressidas all received versions of
11303-518: The rear bumper quickly lifted the other rear wheel". They also observed an average of 23.5 mpg combined city/highway for 407 miles. To remedy the performance issues along with the resulting breakage of parts from being overly stressed, Toyota introduced the newer RS22L and the RS32L series Crown with the larger 3R engine and other improvements for high-speed driving in July 1960. For 1958, Toyota introduced
11430-491: The region as the Crown was not capable of speeds needed on American freeways, before introducing an improved model. The Crown was also exported to Canada from 1964 to 1972, and Mexico from 1959 to 1964. Exports to Europe began in 1964 with the first cars going to Finland. Other European countries which saw early imports of the Crown included the Netherlands and Belgium. The United Kingdom was another European market until
11557-439: The required standard for brightness. Since the car was designed for the muddy, slow, unpaved Japanese roads, it failed the mass urban landscape of the US because of its inability to keep up with traffic on the faster interstate highways, along with stability, noise and vibration concerns. The car was also very rigid and heavy for its size at 2700 pounds. Motor Trend reported "The Toyopet is so rigid that jacking up one wheel at
11684-411: The road tax obligation the same because the displacement was below the 2,000 cc bracket, which would incur more to be paid. This was the only series offered as a two-door pickup for commercial use. The Mark II pickup also came as a "double cab" which meant it had a conventional bench seat for rear passengers but only had two doors. Both forms of the pickup shared the same dimensions and wheelbase as
11811-423: The same chassis code whether fitted in the hardtop or the sedan. In August 1973, there were minor changes and updates. The basic trim package wagon was offered with a five-speed manual transmission. Electronic fuel injection was introduced on the two-litre four-cylinder (18R) engine to increase power and lower fuel emissions. The four-cylinder 1,707 cc 6R engine was replaced by the 1,808 cc 16R . The 1.8
11938-448: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S60&oldid=1252510695 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
12065-437: The sedan and coupe. The height of the Mark II is lower at 1,405 mm (55.3 in) over 1,420 mm (55.9 in) for the sedan, but higher at 1,374 mm (54.1 in) for the coupé. The wheelbase for all body styles was a constant 2,510 mm (98.8 in) and was longer than the Corona's sedan wheelbase of 2,420 mm (95.3 in). Building on the introduction of the 1600GT performance hardtop coupe for 1965,
12192-448: The sedan and wagon used semi-elliptic leaf springs. The engines offered began with the 1.7-litre inline-four and grew in displacement with increased standard equipment utilizing an overhead camshaft design. The X10 through 13 are sedans, 16- and 17-series numbers were reserved for vans, 20 through 23 for coupés, and 26 through 29 for wagons. The only exception to this scheme is the 18R-U–engined RX15, introduced in June 1976, which received
12319-415: The station wagon. The suspension setup uses a double wishbone with coil springs at the front and leaf springs at the back with a front-engine, rear-drive powertrain format. The Mark II is longer, at 4,295 mm (169.1 in) over the Corona's length of 162.4 in (4,125 mm) for the sedan, and the coupe, with a width of 1,610 mm (63.4 in) in comparison to 61 in (1,549 mm) for
12446-489: The tachometer with an electric clock. Some models had six-cylinder engines, optionally with electronic fuel injection, borrowed from the larger Crown . For the Japanese market, all engines were gradually upgraded with Toyota's TTC-C technology to comply with the Japanese Government's Clean Air Act of 1975 and had a "TTC-C" badge on the rear of the vehicle. In late October 1977, the 3T-U four-cylinder engine
12573-431: The time and the black Deluxe model was nicely appointed with lots of chrome and luxurious items like a radio, heater and whitewall tires which prompted the press to liken it to a "baby Cadillac". This promising initial showing along with the strong reputation of the Crown in Japan gave Toyota the confidence to pursue exports to the United States despite known high-speed performance issues. As a publicity stunt to demonstrate
12700-461: The two-door hardtop coupé. The exterior dimensions of the Mark II and Crown were essentially the same, and the Mark II continued as the top-level product at Toyopet Store locations. Engine options were either the 1G-EU , turbocharged M-TEU , 5M-EU, and a fuel-injected version of the twin-cam 18R-G available in the GT. 2.2 and 2.4-litre diesel engines of the L family , with turbocharging available for
12827-407: The two-liter 'six', but due to sportier tuning it produced more power than the larger 2M, 125 PS (92 kW) at 5,800 rpm versus 115 PS (85 kW) at 5,200 rpm. The commercial versions were fitted with the six-cylinder "M" engine (M-C) produce 105 PS (77 kW), while the four-cylinder 5R had to make do with 93 PS (68 kW). This generation was the only one to use
12954-476: The upholstery used were specific to the trim package, while there were 14 different exterior colours to choose including 10 metallic paint selections. The Mark II-L and the 2000SGL came with full instrumentation and a wood-grained steering wheel, a wooden-handled gearshift selector for floor-mounted automatic or 5-speed manual transmission, while a column-mounted automatic transmission selector was provided for lower trim packages. The DX sedan and station wagon offered
13081-478: The vehicle affordable, as the Japanese government began to impose an annual road tax to help develop and maintain a national transportation infrastructure in 1950. The appearance of the Crown shows some similarities with the European Ford Versailles and Simca Vedette . The Toyota Patrol was a police car version of the 1955 Crown. It featured many differences from the standard car, including
13208-458: The vehicle were also available, as an estate wagon and a three- or six-seat coupe utility . These took over the "Toyopet Masterline" name in the Japanese domestic market, but usually received "Crown" badges in the export. The "Crown" name was previously in use by the Imperial limousine manufactured by Chrysler in the early 1950s. In 1958, it introduced a ball joint suspension. Production of
13335-475: The way for future innovations and designs. The Crown Eight was designed to replace full-sized American automobiles commonly used by major corporations. The Crown Eight represents the first Japanese mass-produced vehicle with an 8-cylinder engine. The main rivals at the time were the Prince Grand Gloria , Mitsubishi Debonair , and Nissan Cedric Special , all equipped with a six-cylinder engine. It
13462-460: Was a significant project for Toyota, developed and assembled by their subcontracting company, Kanto Auto Works. Toyota delegated the production to Kanto Auto Works due to the Crown Eight's unique components, which could have hindered mass-production operations at the Motomachi plant. Despite its production volume of approximately 1,000 cars per year, the Crown Eight's impact on Toyota products paved
13589-574: Was added. Its coil and double wishbone independent front suspension was a departure from the leaf sprung beam axle front suspension used on most previous models but was similar to the independent front suspension used on the 1947 Toyopet SA . The live axle rear suspension was similar to that used on most of the previous models (unlike the trailing arm rear suspension used on the SA). Taxi versions were produced and beginning in March 1959 commercial versions of
13716-552: Was also assembled in Australia, but not the coupé model. This generation was imported fully assembled into New Zealand from 1968 to 1971. This generation was still sold in the United States; 1970 was the most successful year for the nameplate in the US with 6,528 being sold. Notable features on the Crown Wagon were: Launched in February 1971 for the Japanese Domestic Market, the fourth generation Crown
13843-483: Was another improvement over the previous hydraulically controlled A43DL transmission and had three modes: Power, Normal, and Economy. This iteration was praised for its handling, ride, quiet interior, and most of all, its reliability; the Cressida was quickly gaining a reputation for outstanding ownership. In August 1983, Toyota chairman Eiji Toyoda initiated the F1 project ("Flagship" and "No. 1 vehicle"; alternatively called
13970-416: Was available for US$ 2,525 (equivalent to about $ 25,433 in 2023) PoE. Some optional features include an automatic transmission for US$ 160 (equivalent to about $ 1,612 in 2023) and a radio for US$ 60 (equivalent to about $ 604 in 2023). A two-door Crown Convertible was displayed at the 1963 Tokyo Motor Show , based on the Crown 1900 sedan. It was not put into production. This Crown generation
14097-486: Was available in ascending trim levels, including Deluxe, Super Deluxe and Super Saloon. Another trim, Royal Saloon, introduced with the Crown's 1973 facelift, added luxury features from the Century limousine. The first two model years of the fourth generation Crown were marketed in North America; subsequently replaced by the Corona Mark II . The 4M 2600 engine was introduced, with the 2.0-liter 5R inline-four engine and
14224-543: Was available in both sedan and wagon body styles. The only engine available was the 18R and there was one trim level, badged De Luxe . Contrary to common practice, this was not the same as DX specifications on other Toyota cars, but a more upmarket version of the DX trim level. The Toyota Carina sedan and wagon also sold in the United Kingdom at this time were also badged as De Luxe (but were rebadged as DX from 1980 onwards). South African Cressidas all received
14351-407: Was available), power steering, rear seat armrests, AM/FM cassette stereo with amplifier, reclining front seats, and a rear window defroster. The automatic transmission was a four-speed overdrive with an overdrive lockout. Power windows were optional. Soundproofing was extensive, and the Cressida was famous for being one of the quietest cars on the road at the time. In the United Kingdom, the Cressida
14478-740: Was based on the Toyota Corolla . The Corona Mark II was renamed the Toyota Cressida for export markets, and the name Cressida was not used in Japan. Production started in December 1976. The name Mark II was previously identified with the North American Continental Mark II which first appeared in 1956 and the term "Mark" is still associated with Lincoln Motor Company products. It was Toyota's largest sedan and wagon range offered in North America, while
14605-417: Was between the outputs of the single- and twin-carb four-cylinder models. In order to accommodate the larger engine, the L also received different front sheet metal with a split grille. This style was standard in the US market, where all Mark IIs received the six-cylinder engine, and where this was also offered in the station wagon bodystyle. There were slight trim differences at the rear. Interior colours and
14732-482: Was discontinued in October 1975, leaving only two-litre engines of four or six cylinders in the Japanese market. Even after the introduction of the next Mark II, production of the second generation continued through November 1976. Engine choices included: The hardtop coupe, offered as an alternative to the Crown Coupe , offered a visual distinction from the sedans and station wagons. The trim packages started with
14859-562: Was installed in the console for the Mark II-L and the GSL and was installed in the instrument cluster for other versions. The list of optional items included cruise control, air conditioning, electric rear window defroster, AM/FM stereo with a separately installed 8-track tape player , and power windows. Standard items added include a collapsible steering column in case of collision, three-point seat belts for front passengers with an audible seatbelt reminder, and power assist brakes with disc brakes for
14986-510: Was intended for taxi service, the Crown was more accepted by the market over the Master, and more Crowns were sold into taxi service than the Master. The Crown was designed to replace the Super but Toyota was not sure if its independent front coil suspension and its suicide type rear doors were too radical for the taxi market to bear. So the Super was updated, renamed the Master and sold in tandem to
15113-407: Was introduced as the top-level trim package, available with either the 2.6 or 2.0-litre version of the six-cylinder engine; it was the only version to be offered with the 2.6 engine in Japan, which was also not available in the Chaser. If it had the 2.6 L engine, a "2600" badge was installed on the rear of the vehicle and the bottom right portion of the front grille. The Grande trim name remained until
15240-647: Was introduced in January 1955 in Japan to meet the demands of public transportation. The Crown was intended for private purchase, while the Master served in a commercial form as a taxi, both with the same 1.5 L Type R engine used on their previous car, the Toyopet Super . The front doors open conventionally, and the rear doors are " suicide doors ", a feature also utilized on the Toyota AA , Toyota's first car. Small engine displacements were used to keep
15367-560: Was introduced with a more upscale, European-type design. The lines combine the previous generation's American styling with a British-looking front end rather than using the new corporate Toyota appearance as seen on the larger S80 series Crown . This model generation was amongst the last cars to feature the Toyopet brand name, which was dropped in 1980. The name continued to be used for the Japanese Toyopet Store dealership. This generation continued to offer Japanese buyers
15494-577: Was one of the first Toyotas in the US to use fuel injection . In 1979, the MSRP in the US was US$ 9,190 . Cressidas sold in California were installed with the TTC-C technology to comply with the emissions regulations but were not given a badge on the back of the vehicle. In New Zealand, where it was locally assembled and sold in a highly specified GL form (replacing the 2.8-litre Crown which had been hit by high sales taxes on two-litre-plus engine sizes), it had
15621-405: Was somewhat shorter than its passenger car equivalent due to the use of more compact bumpers. This Mark II generation included commercial, taxi, and drivers training vehicles. The Mark II was common alongside the slightly smaller Corona as a taxi. The X60 Mark II introduced the world's first voice warning system, which was developed and offered as standard equipment. In Indonesia, it was sold as
15748-408: Was the first Crown to exceed vehicle size classification regulations in length, width, and engine displacement capacity. The width at 1,845 mm (72.6 in) compares to the Century at 1,890 mm (74 in). The width was so that the front and rear bench seats, upholstered in silk brocade, could accommodate six passengers. The front seat could be electrically adjusted in six directions, and
15875-600: Was the first time a six-cylinder engine was offered using the 1,988 cc M . The inline six-cylinder "M" series engine was borrowed from the Crown S60 to stay competitive with the Nissan Bluebird SSS (Datsun 610 in North America) and the Nissan Laurel in Japan. Engine displacement remained at two litres, but with the inherent lower vibration of a six-cylinder. Power, at 110 PS (81 kW),
16002-469: Was the first to be assembled in Australia, from CKD kits, by AMI in Port Melbourne, with significant local content. AMI, which assembled numerous brands including Triumph and, for a short time, Mercedes-Benz, was to become the basis of Toyota's current Australian manufacturing operation. The longer, wider, and more upmarket Crown Eight was introduced in 1964 for the Japanese market, powered by
16129-454: Was upgraded to pass the 1978 emissions standards with the aid of a lean-burn design. The X30-series chassis numbers were the original codes for the third-generation Mark II, and any vehicle that complied with the new, stricter 1978 emission regulations was assigned the X40 series number. Four-cylinder engines were offered for Japanese buyers who wanted the luxury of the six-cylinder models but wanted
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