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85-607: Word Alive (previously known as New Word Alive ) was an annual conservative evangelical Christian conference which originated through a partnership between the UK Christian organisations UCCF and Keswick Ministries . The conference is focussed on Bible teaching, corporate worship, and family time. The conference is a continuation of the former Word Alive event which ran within Spring Harvest , from which it split in 2007. As well as attracting around 4000 guests,

170-460: A college of six sacerdotes (plural) devoted to Vesta , goddess of the hearth, both the focus of a private home ( domus ) and the state hearth that was the center of communal religion . Freed of the usual social obligations to marry and rear children, the Vestals took a vow of chastity in order to devote themselves to the study and correct observance of state rituals that were off-limits to

255-643: A 10 precept nun; when she received full ordination in 2000, her dwelling became America's first Theravada Buddhist bhikkhuni vihara. In 1998 Sherry Chayat, born in Brooklyn, became the first American woman to receive transmission in the Rinzai school of Buddhism. In 2006 Merle Kodo Boyd , born in Texas, became the first African-American woman ever to receive Dharma transmission in Zen Buddhism. Also in 2006, for

340-566: A cult. Epitaphs provide the main evidence for these priesthoods, and the woman is often not identified in terms of her marital status. The tradition of the ordained monastic community in Buddhism (the sangha ) began with the Buddha, who established an order of monks. According to the scriptures, later, after an initial reluctance, he also established an order of nuns. Fully ordained Buddhist nuns are called bhikkhunis . Mahapajapati Gotami ,

425-581: A leading role in the sanctuaries of Ceres and Proserpina in Rome and throughout Italy that observed so-called "Greek rite" ( ritus graecus ). This form of worship had spread from Sicily under Greek influence, and the Aventine cult of Ceres in Rome was headed by male priests. Only women celebrated the rites of the Bona Dea ("Good Goddess"), for whom sacerdotes are recorded. The Temple of Ceres in Rome

510-516: A new Bishop of Maidstone to provide alternative episcopal oversight for conservative evangelical members of the church who take an alternative view on "headship" . In September 2015, Rod Thomas was consecrated as the Bishop of Maidstone and became the first flying bishop for conservative evangelicals. The conservative evangelical presence in the Church of England is represented by groups such as

595-593: A significant part of the ancient Egyptian economy. Ancient Egyptian priestesses: In ancient Greek religion , some important observances, such as the Thesmophoria , were made by women. Priestesses, Hiereiai , served in many different cults of many divinities, with their duties varying depending on the cult and the divinity in which they served. Priestesses played a major role in the Eleusinian Mysteries , in which they served on many levels, from

680-750: A single week only. The 2024 event was cancelled following Pontins closing the Prestatyn Sands site in November 2023. It was announced in June 2024 that the event would be closed as no suitable site could be found. Conservative evangelicalism in the United Kingdom Conservative evangelicalism is a term used in the United Kingdom to describe a theological movement found within evangelical Protestantism . The term

765-536: A speaker that night, used his role to urge Anglican clergy not to make any rash decisions, saying that Lloyd-Jones' opinion went against history and the Bible. The following year saw the first National Evangelical Anglican Congress , which was held at Keele University . At this conference, largely due to Stott's influence, evangelical Anglicans committed themselves to full participation in the Church of England , rejecting

850-488: A variety of contrasting interpretations. Roger Gryson asserts that it is "difficult to form an idea of the situation which Pope Gelasius opposed" and observes that "it is regrettable that more details" about the situation are not available. The Protestant Reformation introduced the dogma that the authority of the Bible exceeds that of Roman Catholic popes and other church figures. Once the Roman Catholic hierarchy

935-466: Is a Christian's duty to help those in poverty, 45 per cent reported attending a church which has a fund or scheme that helps people in immediate need, and 42 per cent reported attending a church that supports or runs a foodbank. Sixty-three per cent believed in tithing and reported giving around 10 per cent of their income to their church, Christian organisations, and various charities. A 2011 report indicated that 83 per cent of UK evangelicals believed that

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1020-484: Is distinguished from the process of consecration to religious orders , namely nuns and monks , which are typically open to women and men. Some Protestant denominations understand ordination more generally as the acceptance of a person for pastoral work. Historians Gary Macy, Kevin Madigan and Carolyn Osiek report having identified documented instances of ordained women in the early Church . In 2021, excavations at

1105-437: Is more Reformed . From the war up until the 1960s, conservative evangelicals had been less of a distinct group within evangelicalism than they had before the war. The contributions, during the war, of C. S. Lewis to the evangelical cause helped to blend the lines between conservative evangelicals and others committed to evangelical distinctives from outside the movement. The stand taken by Stott and Lloyd-Jones against

1190-678: Is no vocation that is more "sacred" than any other. Because Christ is Lord over all areas of life, and because His word applies to all areas of life, nowhere does His Word even remotely suggest that the ministry is "sacred" while all other vocations are "secular". Scripture knows no sacred-secular distinction. All of life belongs to God. All of life is sacred. All believers are priests. Most Protestant denominations require pastors, ministers, deacons, and elders to be formally ordained. The early Protestant reformer Martin Bucer , for instance, cited Ephesians 4 and other Pauline letters in support of this. While

1275-458: Is not of the woman, but the woman is of the man [1 Corinthians 11:8]." Indeed, after man fell, that command was; but before man fell there was no such command; for they were both meet-helps [Genesis 2:18,20], and they were both to have dominion over all that God made [Genesis 1:26,28]. And as the apostle saith, "for as the woman is of the man", his next words are, "so is the man also by the woman; but all things are of God [1 Corinthians 11:12]". And so

1360-402: Is used more often in this sense (as one strand of evangelicalism), but conservative evangelicals themselves tend to use it interchangeably and synonymously with evangelical . Conservative evangelicals are sometimes called fundamentalists , but they typically reject that label and are keen to maintain their distinct identity, which is more Reformed . Reformed fundamentalism shares many of

1445-845: The Anglican Evangelical Group Movement and the Student Christian Movement could be described as liberal evangelical, the former organisation glad of the title "Liberal Evangelical". Organisations such as the Bible Churchman's Missionary Society (now Crosslinks ) and the Inter-Varsity Fellowship of Evangelicals Unions (now UCCF ) were distinctively conservative evangelical in the Anglican and university spheres respectively. The conservative evangelical movement

1530-694: The Athenian Acropolis and were charged with conducting unique rituals under the surveillance of the High Priestess of Athena Polias . The Priestess of Hera at Argos served at the Heraion of Argos and enjoyed great prestige in all Greece. At several sites women priestesses served as oracles , the most famous of which is the Oracle of Delphi . The priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi

1615-1016: The Catholic Mariavite Church and are based in the town of Felicjanów in the Płock region of Poland, are headed by a bishop who is a woman, although their numbers are dwarfed by the adherents of the more conventionally patriarchal Mariavites of Płock. The Eastern Orthodox Church follows a line of reasoning similar to that of the Roman Catholic Church with respect to the ordination of bishops and priests, and does not allow women's ordination to those orders. Thomas Hopko and Evangelos Theodorou have contended that female deacons were fully ordained in antiquity. K. K. Fitzgerald has followed and amplified Theodorou's research. Metropolitan Kallistos Ware wrote: The order of deaconesses seems definitely to have been considered an "ordained" ministry during early centuries in at any rate

1700-681: The Church Society , Reform , and the Fellowship of Word and Spirit, whose mission is the continued reformation of the Church of England. In May 2018 these groups officially merged into Church Society. The Anglican Mission in England (supported by GAFCON ) and the Free Church of England seek to plant Anglican churches outside the established structures of the Church of England. In 2007 Word Alive split from Spring Harvest due to

1785-555: The High Priestess of Demeter and Dadouchousa Prietess to the Panageis and Hierophantides . The Gerarai were priestesses of Dionysus who presided over festivals and rituals associated with the god. A body of priestesses might also maintain the cult at a particular holy site, such as the Peleiades at the oracle of Dodona . The Arrephoroi were young girls ages seven to twelve who worked as servants of Athena Polias on

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1870-539: The Imperial era record priestesses of Juno Populona and of deified women of the Imperial household . Under some circumstances, when cults such as mystery religions were introduced to Romans, it was preferred that they be maintained by women. Although it was Roman practice to incorporate other religions instead of trying to eradicate them, the secrecy of some mystery cults was regarded with suspicion. In 189 BCE,

1955-617: The Mariavite movement originally began as a response to the perceived corruption of the Roman Catholic Church in the Russian Partition of 19th century Poland. The Mariavites, so named for their devotion to the Virgin Mary, attracted numerous parishes across Mazovia and the region around Łódź and at their height numbered some 300,000 people. Fearing a schism , the established church authorities asked for intervention from

2040-610: The New Testament which would promote a division between roles of men and women in the Christian Church. Evangelical Christians who place emphasis on the infallibility of the Bible base their opposition to women's ordination as deacons and pastors partly upon the writings of the Apostle Paul , such as Ephesians 5:23, 1 Timothy 2:11–15, and 1 Timothy 3:1–7, which they interpret as demanding male leadership in

2125-462: The Roman god identified with Dionysus , are mentioned by the 1st-century BC scholar Varro , as well as indicated by epigraphic evidence. Other religious titles for Roman women include magistra , a high priestess, female expert or teacher; and ministra , a female assistant, particularly one in service to a deity. A magistra or ministra would have been responsible for the regular maintenance of

2210-586: The United States ) on grounds of separation of church and state . In Ancient Egyptian religion , God's Wife of Amun was the highest ranking priestess ; this title was held by a daughter of the High Priest of Amun , during the reign of Hatshepsut , while the capital of Egypt was in Thebes during the second millennium BC (circa 2160 BC). Later, Divine Adoratrice of Amun was a title created for

2295-684: The Vatican . The Mariavites were eventually excommunicated by Papal Bull in 1905 and 1906. Their clergy, cut loose from the Catholic Church, found sanctuary with the Old Catholic Church and in 1909 the first Mariavite bishop, Michael Kowalski , was consecrated in Utrecht. Twenty years later, the now constituted Mariavite Church was riven by policy differences and a leadership struggle. Nevertheless, Archbishop Kowalski ordained

2380-544: The senate attempted to suppress the Bacchanals , claiming the secret rites corrupted morality and were a hotbed of political conspiracy. One provision of the senatorial decree was that only women should serve as priests of the Dionysian religion , perhaps to guard against the politicizing of the cult, since even Roman women who were citizens lacked the right to vote or hold political office. Priestesses of Liber ,

2465-520: The "prophecy of interpretation" required specialized knowledge and was considered a rational process suited only to a male '"prophet" ( prophētēs ). The Latin word sacerdos , "priest", is the same for both the grammatical genders . In Roman state religion , the Vestal Virgins were responsible for the continuance and security of Rome as embodied by the sacred fire that they were required to tend on pain of extreme punishment. The Vestals were

2550-759: The 1976 Vatican Declaration on the Question of the Admission of Women to the Ministerial Priesthood . Supporters of women's ordination interpret the above-mentioned New Testament texts as being specific to certain social and church contexts and locations and addressing problems of church order in the early Church period. They regard Jesus as setting the example of treating women with respect, commending their faith and tasking them to tell others about him and Paul as treating women as his equals and co-workers. They point to notable female figures in

2635-416: The Bible has supreme authority in guiding their beliefs, views, and behaviour and 52 per cent read or listened to the Bible daily. The Evangelical Alliance, formed in 1846, was the first ecumenical evangelical body in the world and works to unite evangelicals, helping them listen to, and be heard by, the government, media and society. In December 2014, it was announced that the Church of England would appoint

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2720-608: The Bible such as Phoebe , Junia (considered an apostle by Paul) and others in Romans 16:1, the female disciples of Jesus , and the women at the crucifixion who were the first witnesses to the Resurrection of Christ , as supporting evidence of the importance of women as pastoral or episcopal leaders in the early Church. The teaching of the Roman Catholic Church , as emphasized by Pope John Paul II in

2805-550: The Christian East.   [...] Some Orthodox writers regard deaconesses as having been a "lay" ministry. There are strong reasons for rejecting this view. In the Byzantine rite the liturgical office for the laying-on of hands for the deaconess is exactly parallel to that for the deacon; and so on the principle lex orandi, lex credendi —the Church's worshipping practice is a sure indication of its faith—it follows that

2890-416: The Church of England were charismatic in outlook." The conservative evangelical movement can now be said to have a clearer definition from charismaticism. But the two movements could never be clearly separated as "Many congregations included a charismatic element ... This was partly because the more extreme groups tended to leave and form their own congregations, and partly because a charismatic element

2975-431: The Church. Some Evangelicals also look to the levitical priesthood and historic rabbinate , being male only. Other evangelical denominations officially authorize the full ordination of women in churches. Catholics may allude to Jesus Christ 's choice of disciples as evidence of his intention for an exclusively male apostolic succession , as laid down by early Christian writers such as Tertullian and reiterated in

3060-528: The Pan-Amazon region called for "married priests, pope to reopen women deacons commission." Pope Francis later omitted discussion of the issue from the ensuing documents. Various Catholics have written in favor of ordaining women. Dissenting groups advocating women's ordination in opposition to Catholic teaching include Women's Ordination Worldwide, Catholic Women's Ordination, Roman Catholic Womenpriests , and Women's Ordination Conference . Some cite

3145-518: The Roman Catholic Church teaches that this requirement is a matter of divine law; it belongs to the deposit of faith and is unchangeable. In 2007, the Holy See issued a decree stating that attempted ordination of a woman would result in automatic excommunication for the women and bishops attempting to ordain them, and in 2010, that attempted ordination of women is a "grave delict". An official Papal Commission ordered by Pope Francis in 2016

3230-561: The Spring Harvest leadership team. The statements emphasise different factors leading up to the decision to cease working together. Following a subsequent statement by Pete Broadbent all sides accept that disagreements over Spring Harvest leadership team member Steve Chalke 's view of the atonement played at least some part in the split. From 2008 until 2015 the conference was run over two separate weeks, with different speakers on each. From 2016 onwards Word Alive has been run for

3315-911: The Theravada bhikkhuni ordination of German nun Samaneri Dhira, occurred on June 21, 2015, at Anenja Vihara. The first Theravada ordination of bhikkhunis in Indonesia after more than a thousand years occurred in 2015 at Wisma Kusalayani in Lembang, Bandung. Those ordained included Vajiradevi Sadhika Bhikkhuni from Indonesia, Medha Bhikkhuni from Sri Lanka, Anula Bhikkhuni from Japan, Santasukha Santamana Bhikkhuni from Vietnam, Sukhi Bhikkhuni and Sumangala Bhikkhuni from Malaysia, and Jenti Bhikkhuni from Australia. The official lineage of Tibetan Buddhist bhikkhunis recommenced on 23 June 2022 in Bhutan when 144 nuns, most of them Butanese, were fully ordained. In

3400-1350: The abbot of the Vajra Dakini Nunnery in 2004. The Vajra Dakini Nunnery does not follow The Eight Garudhammas . Also in 2010, in Northern California, four novice nuns were given the full bhikkhuni ordination in the Thai Theravada tradition, which included the double ordination ceremony. Bhante Gunaratana and other monks and nuns were in attendance. It was the first such ordination ever in the Western hemisphere. The following month, more bhikkhuni ordinations were completed in Southern California, led by Walpola Piyananda and other monks and nuns. The bhikkhunis ordained in Southern California were Lakshapathiye Samadhi (born in Sri Lanka), Cariyapanna, Susila, Sammasati (all three born in Vietnam), and Uttamanyana (born in Myanmar). The first bhikkhuni ordination in Germany,

3485-493: The alleged ordination of Ludmila Javorová in Communist Czechoslovakia in 1970 by Bishop Felix Davídek (1921–1988), himself clandestinely consecrated due to the shortage of priests caused by state persecution, as a precedent. The Catholic Church treats attempted ordinations of women as invalid and automatically excommunicates all participants. Inspired by a mystically inclined nun, Feliksa Kozłowska ,

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3570-449: The apostle clears his own words; and so as man and woman are restored again, by Christ up into the image of God [Colossians 3:10], they both have dominion again in the righteousness and holiness [Ephesians 4:24], and are helps-meet, as before they fell. The ordination of women has once again been a controversial issue in more recent years with societal focus on social justice movements. Still, some Christians believe in an interpretation of

3655-558: The apostolic letter Ordinatio sacerdotalis , is "that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women and that this judgement is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful". This teaching is embodied in the current canon law (1024) and the Catechism of the Catholic Church (1992), by the canonical statement: "Only a baptized man ( Latin : vir ) validly receives sacred ordination." Insofar as priestly and episcopal ordination are concerned,

3740-468: The atonement and the inspiration of Scripture. The meeting was chaired by the evangelical Anglican John Stott . Lloyd Jones and Stott were the two leading figures within the conservative evangelical movement at that time, Lloyd Jones being a key figure to many in the Free Churches and Stott likewise amongst evangelical Anglicans. The two leaders clashed spectacularly as Stott, though not down as

3825-587: The aunt and foster mother of Buddha, was the first bhikkhuni; she was ordained in the sixth century BCE. Prajñādhara is the twenty-seventh Indian Patriarch of Zen Buddhism and is believed to have been a woman. In the Mahayana tradition during the 13th century, the Japanese Mugai Nyodai became the first female Zen master in Japan. However, the bhikkhuni ordination once existing in

3910-402: The characteristics of conservative evangelicalism. In this sense, conservative evangelicalism can be thought of as distinct from liberal evangelicalism, open evangelicalism , and charismatic evangelicalism. Some conservative evangelical groups oppose the ordination of women as ministers or clergy and/or women holding leadership positions . By the 1930s, the term conservative evangelical

3995-407: The chief priestess of Amun . During the first millennium BC, when the holder of this office exercised her largest measure of influence, her position was an important appointment facilitating the transfer of power from one pharaoh to the next, when his daughter was adopted to fill it by the incumbent office holder. The Divine Adoratrice ruled over the extensive temple duties and domains, controlling

4080-680: The church in Cenchreae. In the late second century AD, the Montanist movement ordained women priests and bishops. In 494 AD, in response to reports that women were serving at the altar in the south of Italy, Pope Gelasius I wrote a letter condemning female participation in the celebration of the Eucharist . However, according to O'Brien, he never specified the scriptural or theological foundation for restricting priesthood to men only. Several textual ambiguities and silences have resulted in

4165-541: The city of Rome. Many religions that were not part of Rome's earliest state religion offered leadership roles as priests for women, among them the imported cult of Isis and of the Magna Mater ("Great Mother", or Cybele ). An epitaph preserves the title sacerdos maxima for a woman who held the highest priesthood of the Magna Mater's temple near the current site of St. Peter's Basilica . Inscriptions for

4250-506: The conference has historically included the largest evangelical student conference in Europe. Word Alive was billed as "a Bible holiday week inspiring and refreshing the whole body". There was a full adult programme throughout the day along with activities focussed for children and youth. There was also a specially tailored 'Student Track' conference which was one of the largest Christian student conferences in Europe. The Student Track joins

4335-512: The countries where Theravada is more widespread died out around the 10th century, and novice ordination has also disappeared in those countries. Therefore, women who wish to live as nuns in those countries must do so by taking eight or ten precepts. Neither laywomen nor formally ordained, these women do not receive the recognition, education, financial support or status enjoyed by Buddhist men in their countries. These "precept-holders" live in Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Nepal, and Thailand. In particular,

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4420-450: The deaconesses receives, as does the deacon, a genuine sacramental ordination: not just a χειροθεσια ( chirothesia ) but a χειροτονια ( chirotonia ). On October 8, 2004, the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church of Greece voted to permit the appointment of monastic deaconesses—women to minister and assist at the liturgy within their own monasteries. The document however does not use the term χειροτονία , 'ordination', although

4505-415: The development of British conservative evangelicalism was the 1966 National Assembly of Evangelicals, a convention organised by the Evangelical Alliance . Martyn Lloyd-Jones made an unexpected call for evangelicals to unite as evangelicals and no longer within their "mixed" denominations. This view was motivated by a belief that true Christian fellowship requires evangelical views on central topics such as

4590-462: The efforts of Sakyadhita , an International Buddhist Women Association, ten Sri Lankan women were ordained as bhikkhunis in Sarnath, India. Also, bhikkhuni ordination of Buddhist nuns began again in Sri Lanka in 1998 after a lapse of 900 years. In 2003 Ayya Sudhamma became the first American-born woman to receive bhikkhuni ordination in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, on February 28, 2003, Dhammananda Bhikkhuni , formerly known as Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, became

4675-432: The first 12 nuns as priests in 1929. He also introduced priestly marriage. The split in the church took effect, in part, over the place of the feminine in theology and the role of women in the life of the church. By 1935, Kowalski had introduced a "universal priesthood" that extended the priestly office to selected members of the laity. The two Mariavite churches survive to this day. The successors of Kowalski, who are known as

4760-427: The first Thai woman to receive bhikkhuni ordination as a Theravada nun (Theravada is a school of Buddhism). Dhammananda Bhikkhuni was ordained in Sri Lanka. Dhammananda Bhikkhuni's mother Venerable Voramai, also called Ta Tao Fa Tzu, had become the first fully ordained Thai woman in the Mahayana lineage in Taiwan in 1971. A 55-year-old Thai Buddhist 8-precept white-robed maechee nun, Varanggana Vanavichayen, became

4845-399: The first time in American history, a Buddhist ordination was held where an American woman (Sister Khanti-Khema) took the Samaneri (novice) vows with an American monk ( Bhante Vimalaramsi ) presiding. This was done for the Buddhist American Forest Tradition at the Dhamma Sukha Meditation Center in Missouri. In 2010 the first Tibetan Buddhist nunnery in America (Vajra Dakini Nunnery in Vermont)

4930-414: The first time such ordination had occurred in Australia. It was performed in Perth, Australia, on 22 October 2009 at Bodhinyana Monastery. Abbess Vayama together with Venerables Nirodha , Seri, and Hasapanna were ordained as Bhikkhunis by a dual Sangha act of Bhikkhus and Bhikkhunis in full accordance with the Pali Vinaya. In 1997 Dhamma Cetiya Vihara in Boston was founded by Ven. Gotami of Thailand, then

5015-510: The first woman ordained as a monk in Thailand, in 2002. Since then, the Thai Senate has reviewed and revoked the secular law passed in 1928 banning women's full ordination in Buddhism as unconstitutional for being counter to laws protecting freedom of religion. However Thailand's two main Theravada Buddhist orders, the Mahanikaya and Dhammayutika Nikaya, have yet to officially accept fully ordained women into their ranks. In 2009 in Australia four women received bhikkhuni ordination as Theravada nuns,

5100-434: The governing council of Burmese Buddhism has ruled that there can be no valid ordination of women in modern times, though some Burmese monks disagree. However, in 2003, Saccavadi and Gunasari were ordained as bhikkhunis in Sri Lanka , thus becoming the first female Burmese novices in modern times to receive higher ordination in Sri Lanka. Japan is a special case as, although it has neither the bhikkhuni nor novice ordinations,

5185-450: The increasingly liberal theology of Spring Harvest leaders, prompted by Steve Chalke's denial of the penal substitution theory of atonement, and along with the Keswick Convention is a distinctly conservative evangelical convention. In recent years, there has been a resurgence in cross-denominational partnerships between conservative evangelicals (which suffered in the disagreement between John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones), particularly in

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5270-475: The liberalization of Christianity in the 1960s, meant that the biggest disagreements between evangelicals were over how to maintain evangelical distinctives in the light of the increasing shift of the major denominations toward liberalism. However, there were distinctions and disagreements within evangelicalism that went beyond this. With the dawn of the 1970s, evangelicals "were less united than they had been on church policies and on some theological issues." One of

5355-459: The liturgical traditions of Christianity , including the Roman Catholic Church , Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy , Lutheranism and Anglicanism , the term ordination refers more narrowly to the means by which a person is included in one of the orders of bishops , priests or deacons . Among these historic branches of Christianity, the episcopacy and priesthood have been reserved for men, although women have served as deacons and apostles. This

5440-460: The main programme for the morning Bible Readings, the centrepiece of Word Alive, during which the main speaker for the week gave an in-depth bible study. There were a variety of sessions available throughout the day – Bible studies, seminars, activity groups and worship meetings. Later in the evening there was an 'After Hours' programme featuring contemporary worship, film nights, live interviews, comedy nights, gigs. The majority of guests stayed in

5525-423: The male colleges of priests. They retained their religious authority until the Christian emperor Gratian confiscated their revenues and his successor Theodosius I closed the Temple of Vesta permanently. The Romans also had at least two priesthoods that were each held jointly by a married couple, the rex and regina sacrorum , and the flamen and flaminica Dialis . The regina sacrorum ("queen of

5610-420: The mid-17th century. Women's ministry has been part of Methodist tradition in the UK for over 200 years. In the late 18th century in England, John Wesley allowed for female office-bearers and preachers. The Salvation Army has allowed the ordination of women since its beginning in 1865, although it was a hotly disputed topic between William and Catherine Booth. The fourth, thirteenth, and nineteenth Generals of

5695-410: The most significant of these was the rise of the relatively young Charismatic movement , which saw the importation of some of what had previously been Pentecostal distinctives into the other mainline Protestant denominations (but at this stage, largely within the evangelical constituency). The impact of this movement was so large that "By the 1970s, it was said, the majority of younger evangelicals in

5780-412: The on-site accommodation (chalets) provided at the holiday centre. There were also Day Visitor and Events Passes available. From 2008 to 2011 Word Alive was held at the Haven Holiday Park , Hafan y Mor, near Pwllheli in North Wales . From 2012 the conference moved to the Pontins site, Prestatyn Sands , North Wales . The first Word Alive event took place as part of Spring Harvest in 1993 and

5865-453: The precept-holding nuns who live there do enjoy a higher status and better training than their precept-holder sisters elsewhere, and can even become Zen priests. In Tibet there is currently no bhikkhuni ordination, but the Dalai Lama has authorized followers of the Tibetan tradition to be ordained as nuns in traditions that have such ordination. The bhikkhuni ordination of Buddhist nuns has always been practiced in East Asia. In 1996, through

5950-438: The private or domestic sphere. So essential was the gender complement to these priesthoods that if the wife died, the husband had to give up his office. This is true of the flaminate, and probably true of the rex and regina . The title sacerdos was often specified in relation to a deity or temple, such as a sacerdos Cereris or Cerealis , "priestess of Ceres ", an office never held by men. Female sacerdotes played

6035-649: The process of ordination varies among the denominations and the specific church office to be held, it may require preparatory training such as seminary or Bible college , election by the congregation or appointment by a higher authority, and expectations of a lifestyle that requires a higher standard. For example, the Good News Translation of James 3:1 says, "My friends, not many of you should become teachers. As you know, we teachers will be judged with greater strictness than others." Usually, these roles were male preserves. However, Quakers, who have no ordained clergy, have had women preachers and leaders from their founding in

6120-679: The rites that are to be used are rites of ordination of clergy. A justification given by many Protestants for female ministry is the fact that Mary Magdalene was chosen by Jesus to announce his resurrection to the apostles. A key theological doctrine for Reformed and most other Protestants is the priesthood of all believers —a doctrine considered by them so important that it has been dubbed by some as "a clarion truth of Scripture": This doctrine restores true dignity and true integrity to all believers since it teaches that all believers are priests and that as priests, they are to serve God—no matter what legitimate vocation they pursue. Thus, there

6205-481: The sacred rites") and the flaminica Dialis (high priestess of Jupiter ) each had her own distinct duties and presided over public sacrifices, the regina on the first day of every month , and the flaminica every nundinal cycle (the Roman equivalent of a week). The highly public nature of these sacrifices, like the role of the Vestals, indicates that women's religious activities in ancient Rome were not restricted to

6290-672: The separationist approach proposed by Lloyd-Jones. These two conferences effectively fixed the direction of a large part of the British evangelical community. Although there is an ongoing debate as to the exact nature of Lloyd-Jones's views, they undoubtedly caused the two groupings to adopt diametrically opposed positions. These positions, and the resulting split, continue largely unchanged to this day. From at least around this time, conservative evangelicals have on occasion been referred to as fundamentalists , but typically reject that label and are keen to maintain their distinct identity, which

6375-410: The site of a 1600-year-old Byzantine basilica revealed mosaics that provided evidence of women serving primarily as diaconal ministers in early Christendom , although there has been speculation of other females in ministry as leaders of convents . Additionally, Paul's letter to the Romans , written in the first century AD, mentions a woman deacon: I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon of

6460-791: The training of gospel workers. Such initiatives include 9:38, the Proclamation Trust (who run the Cornhill Training Course), and the Gospel Partnerships (who run the Ministry Training Course). Ordination of women In some cases, women have been permitted to be ordained, but not to hold higher positions, such as (until July 2014) that of bishop in the Church of England . Where laws prohibit sex discrimination in employment , exceptions are often made for clergy (for example, in

6545-458: Was a partnership between UCCF , Keswick Ministries , Spring Harvest and initially the Proclamation Trust. In 2007, it was announced that Word Alive would no longer be a part of Spring Harvest, and from 2008 would run independently (as New Word Alive ) in Pwllheli , rather than Skegness. Press releases explaining the split were released by UCCF, Keswick Ministries and Bishop Pete Broadbent of

6630-453: Was being used in contradistinction to liberal evangelical . The points of distinction largely were that while liberal evangelicals "maintain some of the other typical evangelical emphases, do not maintain, and often repudiate, the total reliability of the Bible and usually do not preach substitutionary atonement , even if they stress the cross in a doctrinally undefined way. Movements such as

6715-522: Was charged with determining whether the ancient practice of having female deacons ( deaconesses ) is possible, provided they are non-ordained and that certain reserved functions of ordained male permanent or transitional deacons—proclaiming the Gospel at Mass, giving a homily, and performing non-emergency baptisms—would not be permitted for the discussed female diaconate. In October 2019, the Synod of Bishops for

6800-641: Was more often accepted as a possible constituent of a broader fellowship, even by those who did not share its emphases." In the 21st century there are an estimated 2 million evangelicals in the UK. According to research performed by the Evangelical Alliance in 2013, 87 per cent of UK evangelicals reported attending Sunday morning church services every week and 63 per cent reported attending weekly or fortnightly small groups. An earlier survey conducted in 2012 found that 92 per cent of evangelicals agreed it

6885-535: Was no longer accepted as the sole authority, some denominations allowed women to preach. For example, George Fox founded the Quaker movement after stating he felt the " inner light " of Christ living in the believer was discovered in 1646. He believed that the inner light worked in women as well as in men, and said: And some men may say, man must have the power and superiority over the woman, because God says, "The man must rule over his wife [Genesis 3:16]; and that man

6970-679: Was officially consecrated. It offers novice ordination and follows the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Buddhism. The abbot of the Vajra Dakini nunnery is Khenmo Drolma, an American woman, who is the first bhikkhuni in the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Buddhism, having been ordained in Taiwan in 2002. She is also the first westerner, male or female, to be installed as an abbot in the Drikung Kagyu lineage of Buddhism, having been installed as

7055-412: Was small and as such largely defensive, in part because "In academic circles it was almost universally assumed that a CE view of the Bible was dead." The Keswick Convention , which would later have a very significant role in the shaping of conservative evangelicalism in the UK, was a small outpost of evangelicalism still thoroughly committed to the sufficiency and authority of the Bible. A key event in

7140-680: Was surved by the Priestess of Ceres, Sacerdos Cereris , and the Temple of Bona Dea by the Priestess of Bona Dea, Sacerdos Bonae Deae . Other Priestesses were the Sacerdos Liberi , Sacerdos Fortunae Muliebris and the Sacerdos Matris Deum Magnae Idaeae ; sacerdos also served as priestesses of the Imperial cult. From the Mid Republic onward, religious diversity became increasingly characteristic of

7225-605: Was the Pythia , credited throughout the Greco-Roman world for her prophecies , which gave her a prominence unusual for a woman in male-dominated ancient Greece . The Phrygian Sibyl presided over an oracle of Apollo in Anatolian Phrygia . The inspired speech of divining women, however, was interpreted by male priests; a woman might be a mantic (mantis) who became the mouthpiece of a deity through possession, but

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