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122-513: An example of verbatim theatre , the play draws on hundreds of interviews conducted by the theatre company with inhabitants of the town, company members' own journal entries, and published news reports. It is divided into three acts, and eight actors portray more than sixty characters in a series of short scenes. The Laramie Project premiered at The Ricketson Theatre by the Denver Center Theatre Company (Denver) (part of

244-1053: A feminist mother in The World According to Garp (1982), a baby boomer in The Big Chill (1983), a love interest in The Natural (1984), a psychotic ex-lover in Fatal Attraction (1987), a cunning aristocrat in Dangerous Liaisons (1988), an English butler in Albert Nobbs (2011), a troubled wife in The Wife (2017), and an eccentric grandmother in Hillbilly Elegy (2020). Her other films include Reversal of Fortune (1990), The Paper (1994), Mars Attacks! (1996), Air Force One (1997), and Guardians of

366-588: A Comedy Series. In 2003, Close played Eleanor of Aquitaine in the Showtime -produced film The Lion in Winter . Close won a Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award for her performance. In 2005, Close joined the FX crime series The Shield , in which she played Monica Rawling, a no-nonsense precinct captain, which became her first TV role in a series. Close stated that she made the right move because television

488-455: A Disney live-action spin-off/prequel of One Hundred and One Dalmatians , directed by Craig Gillespie . Stone plays the younger version of Cruella de Vil (the titular character whom Close portrayed in the 1996 live-action adaptation and its 2000 sequel). The same year, Close appeared opposite Mahershala Ali in the Apple TV+ drama film Swan Song . In 2022, she starred in season two of

610-597: A Musical the musical Sunset Boulevard (1995). She was Tony-nominated for Barnum (1980). She returned to the Broadway stage in a 2014 revival of A Delicate Balance . In 2016 she returned to Sunset Boulevard on the West End stage earning a Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical nomination. Close is the president of Trillium Productions and co-founder of the website FetchDog. She has made political donations in support of Democratic politicians and

732-838: A Post-Electric Play , and The Great Immensity . High-profile pieces of verbatim theatre include The Laramie Project (2000) by Moises Kaufman and members of the Tectonic Theater Project and its sequel, The Laramie Project: Ten Years Later , both about the murder of Matthew Shepard in Laramie, Wyoming in 1998; Talking to Terrorists by Robin Soans , My Name Is Rachel Corrie by Alan Rickman and Katharine Viner , Deep Cut by Philip Ralph and Katharine Viner, The Permanent Way by David Hare , and Counted (2010) by LookLeftLookRight . Unusually, London Road (2011) by Alecky Blythe and Adam Cork ,

854-593: A cameo on Louis C.K. 's Louie on FX , in the season five episode "Sleepover" alongside John Lithgow , Michael Cera , and Matthew Broderick . In 2016, she appeared in The Great Gilly Hopkins and starred in the British zombie horror drama The Girl with All the Gifts (2016) as Dr. Caldwell, a scientist researching a cure to save humanity. In April 2016, she returned as Norma Desmond in

976-430: A character that director Lawrence Kasdan said he specifically wrote for her. The movie received positive reviews and was a financial success. Close became the third actor to receive a Tony, Emmy, and Oscar ( Academy Award ) nomination all in the same calendar year after the release of The Big Chill . Also in 1980, she received her first Tony Award nomination for her performance in the musical Barnum . In 1984, Close

1098-603: A child. Producer Lawrence Kasdan had Close star in the film, as he directed her previously in The Big Chill . In 1990, Close went on to play the role of Sunny von Bülow opposite Jeremy Irons in Reversal of Fortune to critical acclaim. The film drew some controversy since it dealt with the Claus von Bülow murder trial, while the real Sunny von Bülow was still in a vegetative state . Sunny's children publicly criticized

1220-789: A condo in the West Village . She also owns properties in Wellington, Florida , and Bozeman, Montana . In the early 1990s she owned a coffee shop in Bozeman but sold it in 2006. In 2011 Close sold her apartment in The Beresford for $ 10.2 million. She also runs a 1,000 acre ranch in Wyoming . Close is the president of Trillium Productions Inc. Her company has produced films like Albert Nobbs , Sarah, Plain and Tall , and South Pacific . With Barbra Streisand she produced

1342-621: A conversation about how to erase hate in the world. Notable actors/actresses who have performed in The Laramie Project include Van Hansis , Mary Beth Peil , Jenna Ushkowitz , Laura Linney , Joshua Jackson , Stephanie March , Peter Hermann , Peter Fonda , Camryn Manheim , Daniel de Weldon, Cyndi Lauper , Clea DuVall , Christina Ricci , Judith Light , Terry Kinney , Frances Sternhagen , Brian Kerwin , Robert Desiderio , Chad Allen , Stockard Channing , Darren Criss , Andrew Garfield , Amy Madigan . The Laramie Project

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1464-641: A democratic process of interview gathering and multiple artistic perspectives to create new narratives. This has led to a proliferation of plays, both verbatim and fictionalized, that focus on the stories of refugees and migrants that use interviews and workshops as the starting point for narrative plays. A very recent iteration of documentary theatre has been undertaken by Anuja Ghosalkar and Kai Tuchmann`s Festival "Connecting Realities", which has attempted "to [...] contribute to an examination of Indian and Asian performance practices, both traditional and contemporary, that relate to performing reality." Verbatim theatre

1586-605: A fictionalized story and characters in Zoot Suit . In England, meanwhile, the use of tape-recorded testimony to generate script became a hallmark of the Stoke Local Documentary Method, developed by Peter Cheeseman . In his many plays, including Fight for Shelton Bar (1977), Hands Up, For You the War Is Ended! (1971), Cheeseman focused on the exact transcription of recorded interviews, and

1708-628: A half hour comedy pilot for Amazon , titled Sea Oak . The pilot premiered online with viewers voting to choose if it wanted Amazon to produce the series. Although it received favorable reviews it was not picked up. Also in 2017, she was honored with the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Theatre World Awards . In 2017, Close appeared alongside Noomi Rapace and Willem Dafoe in What Happened to Monday ,

1830-473: A lens that muted the people around me. It was an incredibly well thought-out shot. And I honestly think that's the reason I got nominated." Close also starred opposite Robert Duvall in the drama The Stone Boy (1984), a film about a family coping after their youngest child accidentally kills his older brother in a hunting accident. She continued to appear in television films in the following years, beginning with The Elephant Man , and in 1984, she starred in

1952-514: A limb at times that you fear it will snap. It doesn't." She would later re-team with the show's director, Trevor Nunn , in London for his Royal National Theatre revival of A Streetcar Named Desire in 2002. Close appeared in the newsroom comedy-drama The Paper (1994), directed by her good friend Ron Howard and in 1996 she acted alongside the cast of Tim Burton's alien invasion satire Mars Attacks! (1996). That same year, she portrayed

2074-465: A limited run, selling tickets through June 25, 2017. The production featured a 40-piece orchestra, the largest in Broadway history. Close in particular was lauded by critics for her new incarnation of Norma Desmond. As The New York Times called it "one of the great stage performances of this century." Variety , Parade , The Guardian and Entertainment Weekly also gave the new production positive reviews. That same year, Close starred in

2196-524: A personal physician to its dictator Mobutu Sese Seko . She has two sisters, Tina and Jessie, and two brothers, Alexander (nicknamed Sandy) and Tambu Misoki, whom Close's parents adopted while living in Congo. During her childhood, Close lived with her parents in a stone cottage on her maternal grandfather's estate in Greenwich. She began honing her acting abilities in her early years, "I have no doubt that

2318-635: A piece based in Living Newspaper techniques of narration and song, presented by the Free Southern Theatre , a company that sought to make theatre for black audiences in the south. Plays also became more experimental, leading to documentary-style performances, as artists such as Joseph Chaikin and The Open theatre used historical documents as source material for improvisations ( Viet Rock ) or Luis Valdez combined verbatim text from newspapers, transcripts, and correspondence with

2440-531: A pirate. In 1991, she starred in the highly rated Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie Sarah, Plain and Tall , as well as its two sequels. In 1992, Close starred in Meeting Venus for which she received critical acclaim and won Best Actress ( Golden Ciak ) at the Venice Film Festival . In the same year, Close became a trustee emeritus of The Sundance Institute . She also portrayed

2562-940: A production of the Pirates of Penzance for the Public Theater in New York, playing the role of Ruth. This production featured Kevin Kline , Martin Short and Anika Noni Rose . In October 2014, Close returned to Broadway in the starring role of Agnes in Pam MacKinnon 's revival of Edward Albee's A Delicate Balance at the John Golden Theatre . Her co-stars were John Lithgow as Tobias, Martha Plimpton as Julia and Lindsay Duncan as Claire. The production grossed $ 884,596 over eight preview performances during

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2684-555: A production. The holder of the royalties/rights to The Laramie Project is Dramatists Play Service, Inc. The Matthew Shepard Foundation provides help and resources for those wishing to produce The Laramie Project or The Laramie Project: Ten Years Later . The Foundation's Laramie Project Specialist can help with media, historical context, creative consulting, and other resources and services at no charge to non-profit theatres and educational and religious institutions. The Foundation can also help those who wish to engage their communities in

2806-596: A science fiction thriller produced by Netflix . Also that year, she was reunited with actors John Malkovich (her co-star in Dangerous Liaisons ) and Patrick Stewart (co-star in The Lion in Winter ) in the romantic comedy The Wilde Wedding , and co-starred in Crooked House , a film adaptation of the novel by Agatha Christie . Close garnered widespread critical acclaim for her performance in

2928-568: A series of auditions through the University Resident Theatre Association and TCG . Eventually, she was given a callback and hired for one season to do three plays at the Helen Hayes Theatre , one of those plays being Love for Love directed by Hal Prince . She made her television debut in 1975 with a small role in the anthology series Great Performances . In 1976, she played Mary I in

3050-536: A win. She was widely considered to be the frontrunner to win the Oscar—which would be the first of her career—but ultimately lost to Olivia Colman for The Favourite . In addition, Close received a nomination, her second overall, for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role , which she also lost to Colman. Also in 2018, Close made a return to the stage, where, from September to December, she featured in

3172-686: A younger version of Castleman. Close won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama , the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role , and the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress . She received her seventh Academy Award nomination, her fourth nomination in the Best Actress category, which has made her the most nominated actress without

3294-596: Is a form of documented theatre in which plays are constructed from the precise words spoken by people interviewed about a particular event or topic. The playwright interviews people who are connected to the topic that is the play's focus and then uses their testimony to construct the play. In this way, the playwright seeks to present a multi-voiced approach to events. Such plays may be focused on politics, disasters, sporting and other social events. A verbatim (word-for-word) style of theatre uses documented words from interviewees or records, such as court transcripts, to construct

3416-820: Is a verbatim musical , in which the verbatim spoken text is coupled with music composed and sung to resemble the source interviews as closely as possible. In 2017, the Russian production "In Touch" (director - Ruslan Malikov) premiered its international version at London's National Theater (the Russian premiere was held in Moscow in 2015). It is the first documentary theater production in the world that features an ensemble cast of deafblind actors and seeing/hearing ones performing together - and performing verbatim about their own lives. More recent examples of political verbatim theatre are Tess Berry-Hart 's plays Someone To Blame (2012) and Sochi 2014 (2014). In Someone To Blame (about

3538-538: Is acting up an award-worthy storm (her performance is actually quite meticulous), Hillbilly Elegy is never less than alive". For the role, she received the San Francisco International Film Festival 's Award for Acting along with Academy Award , Golden Globe , and SAG Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress. Close also received a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Supporting Actress for Hillbilly Elegy , making her

3660-476: Is an American actress. In a career spanning over five decades on screen and stage , she has received numerous accolades , including three Primetime Emmy Awards , three Tony Awards and three Golden Globe Awards , in addition to nominations for eight Academy Awards , two BAFTA Awards , and three Grammy Awards . She was named by Time as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2019. Close received eight Academy Award nominations for playing

3782-586: Is an actress. Close and Starke separated in 1991. In 1995, Close was engaged to carpenter Steve Beers, who had worked on Sunset Boulevard ; the two never married, and their relationship ended in 1999. In February 2006, Close married executive and venture capitalist David Evans Shaw in Maine , but they divorced in August 2015. As of 2016, Close primarily resides in Bedford Hills, New York , and also owns

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3904-458: Is considered one of her most iconic roles; the phrase "bunny boiler" has even been added to the dictionary, referring to a scene from the movie. During the re-shoot of the ending, Close suffered a concussion from one of the takes when her head smashed against a mirror. After being rushed to the hospital, she discovered, much to her horror, that she was actually a few weeks pregnant with her daughter. Close stated in an interview that, " Fatal Attraction

4026-465: Is good and challenging. Sometimes I've taken a role for one scene that I thought was phenomenal. Also my presence can help them get money, so it's I think a way for me to give back." Shortly after her stint on The Shield , Close was approached by FX executives who pitched a television series for her to star in. Also in 2007, Close began a five-season run playing the ruthless and brilliant lawyer Patty Hewes on Damages . Her portrayal of this character

4148-415: Is no actor dead or alive as scary as a smiling Glenn Close." Journalist Christopher Hooton also praised her, saying, " Christopher Walken , Glenn Close, Al Pacino , and many others have a surprising danger in them. They're a little scary to be around, because you feel they might jump you or blow up at you at any time. They are ticking time bombs." Film historian Cari Beauchamp has stated, "When you look at

4270-488: Is often used as a method to teach about prejudice and tolerance in personal, social, and health education and citizenship in schools, and it has also been used in the UK as a General Certificate of Secondary Education text for English literature. The play has also inspired grassroots efforts to combat homophobia . After seeing the play, New Jersey resident Dean Walton was inspired to donate more than 500 books and other media to

4392-436: Is one of the earliest pioneers of the sub-genre "verbatim theatre." The theories of Cheeseman and other British practitioners of verbatim theatre informed the development much of American documentary theatre of the late 20th-century. The focus on individuals within the context of historical events that permeated the documentary theatre of the 1960s and 1970s paved the way for artist- and individual-centric documentary theatre in

4514-469: Is related to Princess Diana through her 7 times great-grandparents, is also distantly related to fellow actor Clint Eastwood , and that some of her ancestors were slaveholders . She also has a tangential connection to Marjorie Post who was once married to her grandfather, Edward Bennett Close. Close started her professional career on the stage in 1974 at age 27. In her senior year of college, she called her school's theater department to be nominated for

4636-745: Is rooted in theatrical practices developed in Eastern Europe during the 1920s and 1930s. In the years after the Russian Revolution , the USSR's Department of Agitation and Propaganda employed theatre troupes known as the Blue Blouses (so called because they wore factory workers' overalls) to stage current events for the largely illiterate population. The Blue Blouses dramatized news items and current events through song, dance, and staging. By 1924 these performances were standardized into

4758-603: Is theatre that uses pre-existing documentary material (such as newspapers, government reports, interviews, journals, and correspondences) as source material for stories about real events and people, frequently without altering the text in performance. The genre typically includes or is referred to as verbatim theatre , investigative theatre , theatre of fact , theatre of witness , autobiographical theatre , and ethnodrama . While fact-based drama has been traced back to ancient Greece and Phrynichus ' production of The Capture of Miletus in 492 BC, contemporary documentary theatre

4880-539: Is vocal on issues such as women's rights , same-sex marriage , and mental health . Married three times, she has one daughter, Annie Starke , from her relationship with producer John Starke. Glenn Close was born on March 19, 1947, in Greenwich, Connecticut , to socialite Elizabeth Mary Hester "Bettine" (Moore) and William Taliaferro Close , a doctor who operated a clinic in the Belgian Congo and served as

5002-481: The 1992 Los Angeles riots . For both plays, she conducted interviews with numerous people connected to the events, then fashioned the plays by selecting from her interview transcripts. New York-based theater company The Civilians , known for its "investigative theater" method, also contributes to the genre with its creative approach that blends in-depth research with theatrical performance. Their work includes landmark productions such as Gone Missing , Mr. Burns,

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5124-560: The 2004 Democratic National Convention . She voted for Obama in the 2008 presidential election and attended his inauguration. In a 2016 interview with Andrew Marr for the BBC , Close criticized then-presidential candidate Donald Trump , calling his campaign "terribly frightening." She reiterated her sentiments about Trump in 2017, stating that "he doesn't stand for anything I believe in." Close keeps all of her costumes after completing films and rents them out to exhibits. She lent one of

5246-934: The Denver Center for the Performing Arts ) in February 2000. It was next performed in the Union Square Theatre in New York City before a November 2002 performance in Laramie, Wyoming. The play has also been performed by high schools, colleges, and community theaters across the country. It has been produced at professional playhouses in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Many of

5368-597: The Great Depression . Often, they included characters such as Little Man and Loudspeaker to stand in and speak for and to the audience during the action, fusing fact with dramatic symbol and clarifying the narrative arc. These plays, like later iterations of documentary theatre, were frequently communally created, often by groups of newspaper writers and theatre artists. The end of the Federal Theatre Project in 1939 brought documentary theatre in

5490-641: The NBC film Serving in Silence (1995) and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series twice consecutively for playing Patty Hewes in Damages (2007–2012). On stage, she made her Broadway debut in the play Love for Love (1974). She later won three Tony Awards , two for Best Actress in a Play for her roles in the plays The Real Thing (1983) and Death and the Maiden (1992), and one for Best Actress in

5612-958: The Off-Broadway play, Mother of the Maid , at the Public Theater in New York City. In 2020, Close starred in Netflix 's film adaptation of Hillbilly Elegy , reuniting with Ron Howard and starring alongside Amy Adams . Close played the Mamaw of JD Vance . While the film, which was released for streaming on Netflix on November 24, 2020, received mixed-to-negative critical reviews, Close received acclaim for her performance. Richard Roeper praised Close for her "masterful, screen-commanding, pitch-perfect performance", while Peter Travers at ABC News called her "simply sensational" and Owen Gleiberman at Variety wrote that "as long as Close

5734-576: The Roosevelt Hotel . As of 2018 , films featuring Close have grossed over $ 1.3 billion in North America. She is also regarded as a gay icon , after having played numerous campy roles on screen and stage. She was named one of the most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2019. In 1989, Close was the commencement speaker at William & Mary and received an honorary doctor of arts degree. In 2023, she returned to

5856-485: The University of Wyoming 's Rainbow Resource Center. Today, that campus office houses the largest LGBTQ library in the state of Wyoming . As a result of the play's success, HBO commissioned a 2002 film of The Laramie Project , also written and directed by Kaufman. Ten years after Shepard's murder, members of Tectonic Theater Project returned to Laramie to conduct follow-up interviews with residents featured in

5978-607: The Vineyard Theatre Off-Broadway during the 2019-2020 season, and were paired due to their similar nature as documentary theatre: Dana H. , which was developed by the Civilians, was lip-synced to audio interviews with the playwright's mother, while Is This a Room was a verbatim recreation of whistleblower Reality Winner's interrogation by the FBI. Glenn Close Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947)

6100-401: The "absolute truth". He focused on the presentation of factual material in montage and collage form rather than trying to express the internal lives of the characters. Documentary theatre spread west during the 1930s. In England , the form was employed by left-leaning political theatre groups like the Unity Theatre , which presented both documentary and historical dramas in order to expose

6222-705: The 1980s and 1990s. During this period of time, the focus shifted even further away from broad historical presentations to focus more specifically on how identity shaped personal relationships with major events. The seminal works of this period, which highlight the work of the artist as interpreter of the factual material, include one-person shows such as Anna Deavere Smith 's Fires in the Mirror (1992), collectively created shows like Tectonic Theatre Project 's The Laramie Project (2000), and playwright-driven work like Anne Nelson's The Guys (2001) and Jessica Blank and Erik Jensen 's The Exonerated (2002). In Eastern Europe, new German documentary theatre also focused on

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6344-407: The 2018 drama The Wife , which had first premiered at the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival . An adaptation of Meg Wolitzer 's novel of the same name , the film stars Close as Joan Castleman, who questions her life choices as she travels with her husband to Stockholm , where he is set to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature . The film also features Close's daughter, Annie Starke , as

6466-435: The Apple TV+ thriller series Tehran . Close learned Persian for her role in Tehran . She also portrayed former Harper's Bazaar editor Carmel Snow in the Apple TV+ series The New Look , reuniting her with Damages creator Todd A. Kessler . In 2022, it was announced that Close would star alongside Andra Day and Mo'Nique in the exorcism drama The Deliverance directed by Lee Daniels for Netflix. The film

6588-410: The Arcola Theatre, directed by Michael Longhurst, followed the lives of six real journalists around the globe, showing the professional and personal risks taken in the name of investigative journalism. Black Watch (2006) integrates interviews taken with members of the Black Watch with dramatized versions of their stories and dance pieces. The piece originated in the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and

6710-411: The Galaxy (2014). Close also portrayed Cruella de Vil in 101 Dalmatians (1996) and its 2000 sequel , and voiced Kala in Tarzan (1999). In television, Close received her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for her role in the ABC film Something About Amelia (1984) and later won three— Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for portraying Margarethe Cammermeyer in

6832-462: The Los Angeles production at Grand Performances, directed by Michael Arabian. The Laramie Project: Ten Years Later was presented for the first time in rep with The Laramie Project at the BAM Harvey Theater from February 12–24, 2013 as part of an event titled The Laramie Project Cycle . Directed by Kaufman and Leigh Fondakowski, the production featured much of the original cast reprising their roles. Verbatim theatre Documentary theatre

6954-497: The Maiden . One of her most notable roles on stage was Norma Desmond in the Andrew Lloyd Webber production of Sunset Boulevard , for which Close won her third Tony Award , playing the role on Broadway in 1993–94. For her role, Close was met with critical acclaim. David Richards of The New York Times wrote in 1994 that "Glenn is giving one of those legendary performances people will be talking about years from now. The actress takes breathtaking risks, venturing so far out on

7076-602: The TV film Serving in Silence (1995), for which both were nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Television Movie . In 2007 she co-founded FetchDog, a dog accessories catalog and Internet site. Part of her work was publishing blogs in which she interviewed other celebrities about their relationships with their dogs. She sold the business in 2012. Close was born into a Democratic family. Her political donations have mostly been made in support of Democratic politicians, including Hillary Clinton , Howard Dean , John Edwards , Angus King , and Barack Obama . Close also spoke at

7198-437: The United States to a halt until the early 1960s. While the documentary theatre of the 1930s stressed the involvement of the audience, much of the work of the 1960s into the 1970s was influenced by Bertolt Brecht 's distancing of the audience, through aesthetic practices, in order to question dominant ideologies. The work of this era focused more intensely on new or alternative perspectives of historical events by restructuring

7320-421: The artistic interpretation of reality and moves away from the original concept of the artist as moral arbiter of the truth. Just as Piscator utilized the new media of film and projection to enhance his productions, so contemporary documentary theatre continues to rely on new media to explore the increasingly fuzzy line between reality and representation of reality. Similarly, documentary theatre continues to rely on

7442-426: The audience. It's molecular even, the energies that can go back and forth. I started in theater, and when I first went into movies, I felt that my energy was going to blow out the camera." — Close on acting On method acting , Close claims that while she found it an interesting technique, it was not her preferred style. Although Close does extensive research and preparation for her roles, she also relies less on

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7564-402: The broader genre of documentary theatre. Therefore, the plays, movies and TV listed below – as verbatim theatre, written by playwrights living and writing in the United States, should be considered as documentary theatre. British-American playwright and critic Eric Bentley 's 1974 play Are You Now Or Have You Ever Been: The Investigations of Show-Business by the Un-American Activities Committee

7686-678: The cast, and Close played Moriarty's lover. Her last major stage role before beginning her motion picture career was playing Chairy, the female lead in the Broadway musical Barnum , from April 1980 to March 1981. The 1980s proved to be Close's breakthrough in Hollywood. In 1980, director George Roy Hill discovered Close on Broadway and asked her to audition with Robin Williams for a role in The World According to Garp , which would become her first film role, as well as her first Academy Award nominated performance. She played Robin Williams 's mother, despite being just four years older. The following year she played Sarah Cooper in The Big Chill ,

7808-482: The college to serve as the grand marshal of their annual homecoming event. She also helped dedicate William & Mary's newly renovated Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall , whose main stage theater was named the Glenn Close Theatre in her honor. Close has been married three times, with each marriage ending in divorce. Her first marriage at age 22 — which Close has described as "kind of an arranged marriage" — ended before she attended college. This marriage (from 1969 to 1971)

7930-413: The critically acclaimed drama Something About Amelia , a television film about a family destroyed by sexual abuse. She won her first Tony Award in 1984 for The Real Thing , directed by Mike Nichols . Eventually, Close began to seek different roles to play because she did not want to be typecast as a motherly figure. She starred in the 1985 romantic comedy Maxie , alongside Mandy Patinkin . Close

8052-475: The days I spent running free in the evocative Connecticut countryside with an unfettered imagination, playing whatever character our games demanded, is one of the reasons that acting has always seemed so natural to me." Although Close has an affluent background, she has stated that her family chose not to participate in WASP society. She would also avoid mentioning her birthplace, the wealthy town Greenwich, whenever asked because she did not want people to think she

8174-595: The documentary theatre resides in its ability to arrange fragments of reality into a usable model," and that the artistic power of the genre comes from a partisan interpretation and presentation of factual material. He also identified many potential sources for documentary theatre, including minutes of proceeding, files, letters, statistical tables, stock-exchange communiques, presentations of balance-sheets of banks and industrial undertakings, official commentaries, speeches, interviews, statements by well-known personalities, press, radio, photo, or film reporting of events and all

8296-466: The documents to raise questions about perceived reality. In Germany, these documentary plays focused mainly on the aftermath of Nazism and the genocide of the Holocaust. Many works drew from transcripts from tribunals, such as Heinar Kipphardt 's In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer and Peter Weiss 's The Investigation . In his essay "Notes on the Contemporary Theatre", Weiss details 14 elements of documentary theatre, stating that "the strength of

8418-474: The early 2000s. She returned as Cruella de Vil in 102 Dalmatians (2000). Although the film received mixed reviews, it performed well at the box office. Close later filmed The Safety of Objects which premiered in 2001, a movie about four suburban families dealing with maladies. This was Kristen Stewart 's first film role, and Close and Stewart would later reunite in the 2015 film Anesthesia . Close starred in Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her in

8540-412: The expensive materials being used, but, to their dismay, she rejected their suggestion and kept the originals. The following year, Close appeared in another box office hit with Air Force One (1997), playing the trustworthy vice president to Harrison Ford 's president. Ford stated in an interview that the role of the vice president was already written for a woman and that he personally chose Close for

8662-497: The film Albert Nobbs (2011). In the same year, she starred in the film Heights (2005), an independent drama centered on the lives of five New Yorkers . Close's performance was lauded by critics. In 2001, she starred in a production of Rodgers and Hammerstein 's classic musical South Pacific as Nellie Forbush on ABC . She guest-starred on Will and Grace in 2002, portraying a satirical version of Annie Leibovitz , which earned her an Emmy nomination for Guest Actress in

8784-512: The film overall received mixed reviews, Close's performance received critical acclaim, as it was noted for being the most subtle and introverted of her career to that point and a departure from her previous roles. When asked during the film's awards campaign about the fact of not having an Oscar, Close said: "I remember being astounded that I met some people who were really kind of almost hyper-ventilating as to whether they were going to win or not, and I have never understood that. Because if you just do

8906-401: The film. Jagged Edge received mixed-to-positive reviews and grossed $ 40-million on a $ 15-million budget. In 1987, Close played the disturbed book editor Alex Forrest in the psychological thriller Fatal Attraction . The film became a huge box-office success, the highest-grossing film worldwide of that year. The film propelled Close to international stardom and the character of Alex Forrest

9028-580: The form of the zhivaya gazeta , or living newspaper. Meanwhile, in Germany, Erwin Piscator was experimenting with incorporating documentary film footage and other primary source material into his "mass spectacles" In 1925 he wrote In Spite of Everything , a piece derived entirely from contemporary political documents and often cited as the beginning of the first period of modern documentary drama. In this and other early works, Piscator sought to depict

9150-501: The great actresses of our time." James Lipton described her as an actor who "can find an outstanding number of layers in a role or a single moment; she is a supple actor who performs subtle feats." Close was also professionally trained by acting coach Harold Guskin , who also mentored Kevin Kline , Bridget Fonda , and James Gandolfini . Working with Guskin, Close learned several important lessons, which she said she's applied to her career as well as her life. One such lesson, she claims,

9272-519: The importance of the artist as interpreter through the development of media-driven non-narrative creations of auteur directors like Hans-Werner Kroesinger. Contemporary documentary theatre is defined by its privileging of subjectivity over universality and questioning of the definition of truth in an age where digital and physical realities collide. Many contemporary practitioners reject the term "documentary theatre" in favor of more equivocal labels like "investigative theatre" that allow for more leeway in

9394-543: The large-scale Living Newspapers of the Federal Theatre Project of the President Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. Initially conceived as an "animated newsreel," the form evolved into a distinct theatrical genre; practitioners used spectacle and vaudeville techniques in addition to agitprop and Piscatorian conventions to tackle issues such as labor, housing, and agriculture during

9516-609: The mid-to-late 1960s with the nonprofit encouragement singing group Up With People . During her time in Up With People, Close organized a small singing group called the Green Glenn Singers, consisting of herself, Kathe Green , Jennie Dorn, and Vee Entwistle. The group's stated mission was "to write and sing songs which would give people a purpose and inspire them to live the way they were meant to live". When she

9638-614: The miscarriage of justice related to teenager Sam Hallam ) the words were taken solely from witness statements, court transcripts, media headlines, and interviews with those involved. Sochi 2014 was created from interviews with various LGBT citizens in Russia after Vladimir Putin 's anti-gay laws were passed (see LGBT rights in Russia ) in the run-up to the 2014 Winter Olympics . On The Record (2011) by Christine Bacon and Noah Birksted-Breen, produced by iceandfire theatre company at

9760-689: The movie. In the same year, Close played Gertrude in Franco Zeffirelli 's film adaption of Hamlet . It was the first Shakespeare role that Close had ever attempted on screen (she appeared in 1975 in a stage production of King Lear in Milwaukee). Close would later go on to join the cast of The House of the Spirits , reuniting her with Jeremy Irons. She also had a cameo appearance in Steven Spielberg's Hook (1991) as

9882-483: The musical Sunset Boulevard in an English National Opera production in London . Close was met with rave reviews after returning to this same role twenty-three years later. Both The Times and The Daily Telegraph gave the production five stars and praised her performance. During the production Close was forced to cancel three shows due to a chest infection. She was hospitalized but later recovered and finished

10004-590: The other media bearing witness to the present. This type of documentary drama was exported to Israel and the Middle East by Nola Chilton , whose theatre of testimony focused on marginalized groups in the area and later influenced the work of American practitioners. During this period of time, however, the American genre became more overtly political with plays such as Martin Duberman 's In White America ,

10126-533: The performances in the United States have been picketed by followers of Fred Phelps from the Westboro Baptist Church . They are portrayed in the play picketing Matthew Shepard's funeral as they did in real life. The play has been produced worldwide in the years since its premiere. But in 2009 it still generated controversy in Colorado and Las Vegas, Nevada , where some parents tried to block

10248-421: The play on stage. She had been working on the project, in which she appeared alongside 101 Dalmatians co-star Mark Williams, for almost twenty years, and aside from starring in it, she co-wrote the script and produced the film. Close stated it became more important for her to make the film in order to stimulate discussion on transgender issues, commenting, "There came a point where I asked, 'Am I willing to live

10370-414: The play. Campion Decent , Australian playwright and author of the verbatim theatre play Embers , said it is “not written in a traditional sense… but is... conceived, collected and collated”. It is a creative type of drama to help tell the story of what happened in events. Verbatim theatre exists as conceived in the United Kingdom. But in the United States, verbatim theatre is not always distinguished from

10492-599: The play. Those interviews were the basis of a companion piece, entitled The Laramie Project: Ten Years Later . The play debuted as a reading at nearly 150 theatres across the US and internationally on October 12, 2009 – the 11th anniversary of Matthew Shepard's death. Many of the openings were linked by webcam to New York City, where Judy Shepard, Matthew's mother, and the play's producers and writers gave an opening speech, followed by an address by actress Glenn Close . Daniel DeWeldon played Aaron McKinney opposite Barbara Bain in

10614-588: The remaining shows. Close won the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Musical Performance, and was nominated for her first Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical. That same year, she was inducted into American Theater Hall of Fame for her work on the stage. The ENO London production of Sunset Boulevard transferred to the Palace Theatre on Broadway, with Close reprising her role. It opened on February 9, 2017, in

10736-400: The rest of my life having given up on this?' And I said, 'No I won't.' Some people will change their point of view, and those who are either too old, or too blinkered, to accept the beauty of difference will just have to 'die off'." In the film, Close played the title role of Albert Nobbs , a woman living as a man in 19th century Ireland after being sexually assaulted as a young girl. While

10858-724: The role after meeting her at a birthday party for then-president Bill Clinton . Close would later star in the war film Paradise Road (1997) as a choir conductor of the women imprisoned by the Japanese in World War II . In 1999, Close provided the voice of Kala in Disney's animated film Tarzan . She later went on to receive great reviews for her comedic role as Camille Dixon in Cookie's Fortune (1999). Close began to appear in television movies rather than doing theatrical films in

10980-465: The role, she was able to completely access that vulnerability. There was a real softness to her." However, Close is consistently praised for her roles as the villain or antagonist in her performances. Her character in Fatal Attraction was ranked number 7 on AFI's 100 years...100 heroes and villains list. Regarding her role in the series Damages , The New York Times remarked, "There

11102-414: The same film as her previous co-star Meryl Streep in the ensemble drama Evening . This would be Close's final theatrical film role of the decade, since she began to star in her own television series, Damages (2007). Close was asked about her contributions to independent films, to which she responded "I love the casts that gather around a good piece of writing certainly not for the money but because it

11224-699: The same year, this would be one of many future collaborations with director Rodrigo Garcia . In 2004, she played Claire Wellington, an uptight socialite in the comedy The Stepford Wives opposite Nicole Kidman and Christopher Walken . She provided the voice of the Blue Fairy in the English version of Pinocchio (2002) and Granny in the animated film Hoodwinked (2005). Close continued to do smaller films like Le Divorce (2003) and The Chumscrubber (2005). In 2005, she reunited with director Rodrigo Garcia to do Nine Lives ; he would later direct Close in

11346-536: The short-lived Broadway musical Rex , with a score by Richard Rodgers and Sheldon Harnick . From September 1978 to April 1979, Glenn appeared on Broadway in The Crucifer of Blood playing the part of Irene St. Claire, with Paxton Whitehead and Dwight Schultz . In 1979, she filmed the television movies Orphan Train and Too Far to Go . The latter film included Blythe Danner and Michael Moriarty in

11468-785: The simple math, the amount of people who are in our two unions, the amount of people who in our profession are out of work at any given time, the amount of movies that are made every year, and then you're one of five [nominees]. How could you possibly think of yourself as a loser?" She provided the voice of the "Giant" in the Summer 2012 production of the musical Into the Woods at the Delacorte Theater in Central Park . The production also featured Amy Adams as The Baker's Wife and Donna Murphy as The Witch. In 2014, she starred in

11590-539: The sinister Cruella de Vil in the Disney live-action hit of 101 Dalmatians. Her role as Cruella de Vil was universally praised and earned her a nomination for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical . The film was also a commercial success, grossing $ 320.6 million in theaters against a $ 75 million budget. Per Close's contract, she is allowed to keep any costumes from her films. The producers attempted to make copies of Close's wardrobe due to

11712-450: The stage production of Dangerous Liaisons , later casting Close in the movie version of the latter production. "Glenn is often described as having a glacial or distant quality about her, but in person she's the absolute opposite: warm and intimate," says actor Iain Glen , who co-starred with her in the 2002 stage production of A Streetcar Named Desire . "She was able to bring strength to

11834-407: The summer-time outdoor drama, The Common Glory , written by Pulitzer Prize author Paul Green . She was elected to membership in the honor society of Phi Beta Kappa . Through the years, Close has returned to William & Mary to lecture and to visit the theater department. Through her appearance on the first episode of the seventh season of Finding Your Roots , she came to find out that she

11956-630: The technicality of a performance saying, "Good acting I think is like being a magician, in that you make people believe; because it's only when they believe that they are moved. And I want people to get emotionally involved. I think technique is important but it isn't everything. You can have a great technical actor who'll leave people cold. That's not my idea of great acting. As audience, I don't want to be aware of acting." Longtime collaborator and playwright Christopher Hampton describes Close as an actress who can very easily convey "a sense of strength and intelligence." Hampton worked on Sunset Boulevard and

12078-504: The third performer—after James Coco for Only When I Laugh and Amy Irving for Yentl —to receive both an Oscar nomination and a Razzie nomination for the same performance. Also in 2020, Close co-starred with Mila Kunis in the drama Four Good Days , directed by Rodrigo García and presented at the Sundance Film Festival . In 2021, Close served as an executive producer alongside Emma Stone for Cruella ,

12200-583: The title subject of the fact-based made-for-TV movie Serving in Silence: The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story in 1995, for which she won her first Primetime Emmy Award . Additionally, she has also provided the voice of Mona Simpson , from The Simpsons , since 1995. Entertainment Weekly named Close one of the 16 best Simpsons guest stars. Close has also hosted Saturday Night Live twice, in 1989 and in 1992. In 1992, she won her second Tony Award for Death and

12322-513: The top 10 actresses of the past 80 years, since sound came in, first you have Bette Davis , Katharine Hepburn and Meryl Streep – but I think Glenn Close is definitely in that list. It's a combination of her guts, in the roles she chooses, and her perseverance. We're talking about 30 years of nominated performances." On January 12, 2009, Close was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard, in front of

12444-510: The truths of the common man, frequently combining fiction and reality to achieve truth. Unity Theatre's documentary shows focused on the "living newspaper" aesthetic of Eastern Europe. Their first piece, Busmen (1938), combined naturalistic dialogue with abstract and stylized design aesthetics culled from expressionist and constructivist genres. In the United States , the form was adapted by Hallie Flanagan Davis and Morris Watson into

12566-638: The week ending October 25, setting a new house record at the Golden Theatre. The production received mixed reviews, although the cast was praised. After her television series Damages ended, Close returned to film in 2014, in which she played Nova Prime Rael in the Marvel Studios film Guardians of the Galaxy , directed by James Gunn . She also appeared in the independent movies 5 to 7 (2014) and Low Down (2014). In 2015, Close made

12688-404: Was 22, Close broke away from MRA. She once stated that her desire to become an actress allowed her to leave the group, adding, "I have long [ago] forgiven my parents for any of this. They had their reasons for doing what they did, and I understand them. It had terrible effects on their kids, but that's the way it is. We all try to survive, right? And I think what actually saved me more than anything

12810-720: Was a " dilettante who didn't have to work." When Close was seven years old, her parents joined the Moral Re-Armament (MRA), a movement in which her family remained involved for fifteen years. During this period, Close's family lived in communal centers. She has described MRA as a "cult" that dictated every aspect of her life, from the clothes that had to be worn to what she was allowed to say. Close also spent time in Switzerland when studying at St. George's School , and attended Rosemary Hall (now Choate Rosemary Hall), graduating in 1965. She traveled for several years in

12932-430: Was against the casting of Close because he said she was "too ugly" for the part. Close eventually heard about this and said she didn't want Ransohoff on set while she was making her scenes. Director Richard Marquand stood by her side and sent Ransohoff away. Infuriated, Ransohoff went to the studio heads trying to get Close and Marquand fired from the picture. The studio refused, stating they were pleased with their work in

13054-404: Was announced that Close was reuniting with her Reversal of Fortune costar Jeremy Irons in the upcoming Simon Curtis -directed retirement home comedy Encores , with Henry Winkler and Don Johnson also co-starring. Close is regarded as an extraordinarily versatile actress with an immersive acting style and a considerable range. Vanity Fair remarked how Close is "long considered one of

13176-481: Was announced that Close would star in the upcoming film The Summer Book , based on the novel by Tove Jansson , which will be directed by Charlie McDowell . In May 2024, Close joined the cast of the upcoming Wake Up Dead Man , the sequel to Knives Out and Glass Onion: A Knives Out Mystery . Other cast members for the film include Daniel Craig , Jeremy Renner , Andrew Scott , Cailee Spaeny , Josh O'Connor , and Kerry Washington . On June 19, 2024, it

13298-614: Was built on testimonies delivered before the US House Un-American Activities Committee in the 1950s. American actress/playwright Anna Deavere Smith has been described as a pioneer of verbatim theatre due to two of her one-woman plays in the early 1990s: Fires in the Mirror (1992), about the 1991 Crown Heights riot in Brooklyn, New York , and Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992 (1994), about

13420-577: Was created by the National Theatre of Scotland and Gregory Burke . 8 , a play by Dustin Lance Black , is an example that uses interviews and courtroom transcripts in order to reenact the legal argument and witness testimony of the Perry v. Schwarzenegger case. In 2021, two verbatim theatre plays, Dana H. and Is This a Room ran on Broadway in repertory. Both plays had played at

13542-479: Was given a part in Robert Redford 's baseball drama The Natural , and although it was a small supporting role, she earned a third consecutive Oscar nomination. Close, to this day, credits her nomination to cinematographer Caleb Deschanel , stating "That hat was designed so the sunlight would come through. We waited for a certain time of day, so the sun was shining through the back of the stadium. And he had

13664-457: Was given favorable reviews and even received her second Golden Globe Award nomination, but the movie was critically panned and under-performed at the box office. In 1985, Close starred in the legal thriller Jagged Edge , opposite Jeff Bridges . Initially, Jane Fonda was attached to the role, but was replaced with Close when she requested changes in the script. Producer Martin Ransohoff

13786-434: Was in a " golden era " and the quality of some programs had already risen to the standards of film. John Landgraf , CEO of FX , stated that network was the "first to bring a female movie star of Glenn Close's stature to television." He also credits her collaboration with the network with promoting roles for women on television, as well as influencing other film actors to switch to the small screen. In 2007, she appeared in

13908-486: Was met with rave reviews and a plethora of award nominations , in addition she went on to win two consecutive Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series . Close's win also made her the first Best Actress winner in a drama series at the Emmy's for a cable show. Throughout the show's run, she became one of the highest-paid actresses on cable, earning $ 200,000 per episode. Close stated that her role of Patty Hewes

14030-589: Was my desire to be an actress." She attended The College of William & Mary , double majoring in theater and anthropology . During her senior year of college, Close became inspired to pursue a career in acting after watching an interview of Katharine Hepburn on The Dick Cavett Show . It was in the college's theater department that Close began to train as a serious actor under Howard Scammon, William and Mary 's long-time professor of theater. During her years at school in Williamsburg , she also starred in

14152-527: Was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. In addition, she received her first BAFTA Award nomination. Also in 1988, she appeared alongside Keith Carradine in Stones for Ibarra , a television film adapted from the book written by Harriet Doerr and produced by the Hallmark company. Close's final film role of the decade was Immediate Family (1989), a drama about a married couple seeking to adopt

14274-680: Was really the first part that took me away from the Jenny Fields, Sarah Coopers—good, nurturing women roles. I did more preparation for that film than I've ever done." Close received her fourth Oscar nomination for this role, her first in the leading role and also won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actress. She played a scheming aristocrat, the Marquise de Merteuil, in 1988's period romantic drama Dangerous Liaisons . Close earned stellar reviews for this performance, and

14396-542: Was released in August 2024. She also stars alongside Josh Brolin and Peter Dinklage in the Amazon MGM Studios film Brothers , which was released theatrically on October 10, 2024. Close was cast alongside Jamie Foxx , Cameron Diaz , and Kyle Chandler in the action-comedy Back in Action , for Netflix. The film is scheduled to be released on Netflix globally on January 17, 2025. In March 2023, it

14518-442: Was revealed that Close's participation in the filming for Wake Up Dead Man , which by that point in time had only occurred for two days, was delayed, with Close revealing that she got "really hit hard" with both COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Close is set to reprise her stage role of Norma Desmond in a film adaptation of the musical Sunset Boulevard , though the film remains in development. In May 2024, it

14640-627: Was the role of her life. She also kept in contact with her co-star Rose Byrne , and the two have become friends. After the series ended, Close stated that she would not return to television in a regular role, but that she was open to do a miniseries or guest spot. In 2008, Close performed at Carnegie Hall , narrating the violin concerto The Runaway Bunny , a concerto for reader, violin and orchestra, composed and conducted by Glen Roven . In December 2010, Close began filming Albert Nobbs in Dublin . She had previously won an Obie in 1982 for her role in

14762-399: Was to "read the lines off the page" and remembering to breathe. Close states, "You have to maintain a certain openness, and if you don't maintain that, you lose something vital as an actor. It's how we're wired, and it's not a bad thing." Close says that she went to every rehearsal in order to master her acting skills. "I love the chemistry that can be created onstage between the actors and

14884-410: Was to Cabot Wade, a guitarist and songwriter with whom she had performed during her time at Up with People . From 1979 to 1983, she lived with actor Len Cariou . She was married to grocery heir James Marlas from 1984 to 1987. Later, Close began a relationship with producer John Starke, whom she had met on the set of The World According to Garp . Their daughter, Annie Starke , was born in 1988 and

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