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125-526: Provo ( / ˈ p r oʊ v oʊ / PROH -voh ) is a city in and the county seat of Utah County , Utah , United States. It is 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front , and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population at the 2020 census of 115,162, Provo is the fourth-largest city in Utah and the principal city in

250-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

375-483: A cool semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk ). Overall, annual rainfall at the location of BYU is around 17.23 inches (440 mm); however, the western part of the metropolitan area near Orem is substantially drier, receiving only around 13.5 inches (340 mm) of precipitation and consequently has a cool semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk ). The wettest calendar year in Provo has been 1983 with 37.54 inches (953.5 mm) and

500-417: A total maximum daily load (TMDL) for pollutants that a body of water can assimilate without causing the water body to exceed the water quality standards. Utah Lake was originally put on Utah's 2000 and 2004 303d list for phosphorus and total dissolved solids (TDS) exceeding recommend values. High levels of phosphorus can cause high levels of nuisance algae growth, low dissolved oxygen, and eleTDS tells about

625-770: A body of freshwater that he saw and sized, and the Great Salt Lake, which he did not see or name but was described to him as a river "communicates with others much larger." The next recorded European visitor was Étienne Provost , a French-Canadian trapper who visited Utah Lake in October 1824. The city of Provo and the Provo River are named after him. The settlement of Utah by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints began in July 1847, when pioneers entered

750-496: A camp along the Spanish Fork river that had 35 lodges with about 175 people. Franciscan missionary Silvestre Vélez de Escalante , while on his expedition in late summer and early autumn of 1776, was trying to find a land route from Santa Fe , New Mexico to Monterey , California . Two Timpanogots from Utah Valley acted as guides for his party. On September 23, 1776, the party traveled down Spanish Fork Canyon and entered

875-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

1000-487: A couple of shopping centers . The Shops At Riverwoods and Provo Towne Centre , both shopping malls , operate in Provo. Several small shops, music venues, and boutiques have popped up downtown, along Center Street and University Avenue. Downtown has also begun to host "gallery strolls" every first Friday of the month that features local artists. There are many dining establishments in and around downtown Provo. Five Provo companies are listed on Inc.com's Inc. 5000 list of

1125-468: A decline in native fish populations by severely altering the ecosystem. Pollution has also caused problems with the lake's ecosystem. Raw sewage was dumped into the lake as late as 1967. Pollution problems still remain; the lake's phosphorus and mineral salt levels are in violation of the Clean Water Act . In recent years, the lake has been prone to harmful algal blooms or HABs. Utah Lake

1250-444: A female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of a single individual, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34, and the average family size was 3.40. In the city, 22.3% of residents were under 18, 40.2% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 8.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age

1375-450: A female householder with no husband present, and 32.9% were non-families. 12.8% of all households were made up of a single individual, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.24, and the average family size was 3.41. In the city, 22.3% of residents were under 18, 36.4% were from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 10.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.8% were 65 years of age or older. The median age

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1500-564: A hunter states, "There was a bounty paid on cranes and heron in 1895. Two men could make as high as $ 66 a day. Wading into the rookeries with their pants off they would crack the heron over the head. When the bounty was paid on pelican we would use a fish float tide to a wad of rushes. Gulls were also caught. There has been 10,000 slaughtered. At the Big Channel gidls have been shot and there are four or five hundred pelicans which have been shot. In 1928 I killed 1,240 mudhens [coot]. We would eat

1625-541: A service. The ability of the developer to maintain the alterations to the lake after the completion of the project has also been brought into question. In October 2022, permitting for the Utah Lake Restoration project was put on hold, according to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , because of a lack of documentation required to win federal permits under the Clean Water Act . On October 27, 2022, Utah’s Division of Forestry, Fire & State Lands rejected

1750-417: A two-month total in 2016 as low as 0.06 inches (1.5 mm). The hottest month on record is July 2003 with a mean of 81.8 °F (27.7 °C), and a mean maximum of 99.0 °F (37.2 °C). The hottest temperature on record is 108 °F (42.2 °C) on July 13, 2002. The fall season sees steady cooling and a transition to winter weather, with rare influences of rain systems from further south, as in

1875-561: Is a focus area for technology development in Utah, with several billion-dollar startups . The city's Peaks Ice Arena was a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002 . The Provo area was originally called Timpanogas, a Numic ( Ute people ) word perhaps meaning "rock river". The area was inhabited by the Timpanogos . It was the largest and most settled area in modern-day Utah. The ample food from

2000-765: Is a private university operated by the LDS Church. BYU is the third-largest private university in the United States , with more than 34,000 students. It is the flagship of the Church Educational System . On the campus is the Spencer W. Kimball Tower , the tallest building in Provo. Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions is a private, for-profit university emphasizing graduate healthcare education. The Northwest Commission accredits

2125-587: Is a species of fish endemic to Utah Lake and its tributaries. The June Sucker is a key indicator species for the overall health of the ecosystem. Though listed as endangered in 1986 after ecosystem degradation and invasive species concentration, thanks to the efforts of the JSRIP, the June Sucker was downlisted to “threatened” on February 3, 2021. Actions taken to recover the June Sucker include non-native species removal, specifically carp and Northern pike; increasing

2250-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

2375-629: Is managed cooperatively by the Utah Division of Forestry, Fire & State Lands and the Utah Lake Authority. The Division manages public use and issues a permit for commercial users of the lakebed and shoreline while the Commission facilitates development. The lakebed and surrounding shoreline are made up of State Sovereign Lands. Utah Lake is one of three lakes in the state that were deemed "navigable" at statehood and granted to

2500-639: Is on University Avenue and 550 North. With construction finished in 2013, the center provides a location for aquatic recreation next to the Provo Power plant. The Provo Utah Temple is at the base of Rock Canyon in Provo. This temple has been among the busiest in the LDS Church due to its proximity to BYU and the MTC. The temple closed in February 2024, has been razed, and is currently being reconstructed. The temple, estimated for completion in 2027, will reopen as

2625-474: Is situated on the western edge of the valley and covers more than 25% of Utah Valley 's floor. Because of its location on the western side of the valley, the eastern shore has a gentle slope and the western shore rises abruptly against the Lake Mountains. Connected to the main body of the lake are two large, shallow bays: the aforementioned Goshen Bay (north Goshen Valley ) to the south and Provo Bay to

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2750-537: Is these Indians, who live on the abundant fish of the lake, for which reason the Yutas Sabuaganas call them "Come Pescados" (Fish Eaters). Besides this, they gather in the plain grass seeds from which they make atole , which they supplement by hunting hares, rabbits, and fowl of which there is great abundance here." Escalante named the lake Lake Timpanogos, after the tribe living in the area. Escalante's record clearly distinguishes between this Lake Timpanogos,

2875-532: Is within the Provo School District . The school board has seven members, each representing a different district of the city. There are thirteen elementary schools, two middle schools, and three high schools. Provo High School was the first school in Utah County to be an IB World school. The school has a record of 4A state basketball championships, more state champions than any other school in

3000-747: The American Fork river, Current Creek, Dry Creek , Hobble Creek , and Mill Race Creek. Additionally, many hot springs and smaller creeks are flowing into the lake. Utah Lake is drained by the Jordan River , which begins at the lake's north end. The river flows north through Utah, Salt Lake , and Davis counties and then into the southeast portion of the Great Salt Lake. Given the lake's semi-arid climate, large surface area, and shallow average depth, evaporation accounts for 42% of Utah Lake's outflow. After several years of drought, irrigation companies argued over their share of Utah Lake's water from

3125-638: The Central Utah Water Conservancy District , and three state agencies. Founded in 2007, the Commission seeks to promote multiple public uses of the lake, facilitate orderly planning and development in and around the lake, and enable individual Commission members to govern their own areas. European explorers initially called the lake "Lake Timpanogos" after the Timpanogos band of the Shoshone tribe. An 1827 letter written by American explorer Jedidiah Strong Smith contains

3250-572: The Continental Divide invades the region: although only four mornings fall to or below 0 °F or −17.8 °C during an average winter and this temperature was not reached at all between 1999 and 2006, during the very cold January 1917 (average temperature 14.9 °F; −9.5 °C), seventeen mornings fell this cold. By contrast, in several recent winters like 1994–95, 1995–96, 1999–2000, 2004–05, and 2005–06, averages have been above freezing every month. Temperatures warm rapidly during

3375-884: The Great Basin Desert . The Europeans did not build a permanent settlement but traded with the Timpanogos, whom they called Lagunas (lake people) or Come Pescado (fish eaters). In 1847, the Mormon pioneers arrived in the Salt Lake Valley , which was just north of Timpanogos Mountain . At first, the Natives were friendly with the Mormons. But, as relations deteriorated with the Shoshoni and Utes because of disputes over land and cattle, tensions rose. Because of

3500-512: The Provo - Orem metropolitan area , Utah Lake is a fairly popular destination. From the 1880s to the 1930s, up to twelve resorts offering boat rentals, picnic facilities, dance halls, swimming pools, and bathhouses served tourists at the lake. Saratoga Springs, on the north shore, was the most popular and longest-lived resort. Saratoga Springs was best known for its natural hot springs but also had waterslides and amusement park rides. It lasted from

3625-531: The Provo - Orem metropolitan area . The lake's only river outlet, the Jordan River , is a tributary of the Great Salt Lake . Evaporation accounts for 42% of the lake's outflow, which leaves the lake slightly saline . The elevation of the lake is at 4,489 feet (1,368 m) above sea level. If the lake's water level rises above that, the pumps and gates on the Jordan River are left open. Recently

3750-632: The Provo Utah Rock Canyon Temple . Located at the corner of University Avenue and Center Street, the Provo City Center Temple serves as another temple for the Provo area's Latter-day Saint population. After a fire in 2010 destroyed the Provo Tabernacle, Thomas S. Monson , then LDS Church president , announced the site would become the city's second temple. Renovations were finished and the temple

3875-476: The Provo-Orem metropolitan area , which had a population of 526,810 at the 2010 census. It is Utah's second-largest metropolitan area after Salt Lake City . Provo is the home to Brigham Young University (BYU), a private higher education institution operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Provo also has the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center (MTC). The city

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4000-524: The United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 44.2 square miles (114.4 km), of which 41.7 square miles (107.9 km) is land and 2.5 square miles (6.5 km), or 5.66%, is water. The Wasatch Range contains many peaks within Utah County along the east side of the Wasatch Front . One of them, known as Y Mountain , towers over the city. There is a large hillside letter Y made of whitewashed concrete halfway up

4125-573: The Wasatch Range to the east, Traverse Mountains to the north, and the Lake Mountains to the west. Mount Nebo reaches an altitude of 11,863-foot (3,616 m), and Mount Timpanogos reaches an altitude of 11,745-foot (3,580 m), nearly 7,250 feet (2,210 m) above the valley floor. Jutting into the south portion of the lake is 6,805-foot (2,074 m) West Mountain , which divides Goshen Bay and Lincoln Beach. Utah Lake

4250-701: The fathead minnow are rarely found. Of the thirteen species of fish native to Utah Lake, one species is extinct (the Utah Lake sculpin ), one is no longer present in the lake and is under review to see if it qualifies for protection under the Endangered Species Act ( least chub ), one is already listed as endangered (the June sucker ), and one is found in relative abundance throughout Utah (the Utah sucker ). All other native fish are no longer extant in

4375-523: The 1,620-square-foot (151 m) Secured Gallery and the Eccles Gallery in the lower lobby. Provo is the location of the church's largest MTC. Each week approximately 475 missionaries enter for 3–9 weeks of training before they depart for the mission field, becoming part of more than 58,000 in more than 120 countries. About 1,100 instructors (many of them returned missionaries) teach 62 languages. The MTC in Provo began construction in July 1974 and

4500-507: The 1860s until the floods of 1984. In the summer, fishing , water skiing , boating , camping , and picnicking are the most popular activities. During the winter, ice fishing , ice hockey , and ice skating are popular on the lake, especially at Utah Lake State Park , and Lincoln Beach. The main marina for Utah Lake is at Utah Lake State Park on the lake's eastern shore. Other marinas are at Saratoga Springs, American Fork , Lindon , and Lincoln Beach. The ownership of lands along

4625-602: The Arts, a performing arts center, is at 425 West Center Street. It features plays, ballets, art showcases, and musical performances throughout the year. The size of the building is a total of 42,000 square feet (3,902 m). The main performance hall seats 670 people. Three dance studios are furnished with a piano, ballet bars, and mirrors. Another theater, the Brinton Black Box Theater, seats 60 for smaller, more intimate events. There are also two art galleries:

4750-539: The Jordan River. Judge Morse of the Third District Court issued his judgment known as the Morse Decree of 1901. The decree stated that the irrigation companies "are entitled to a decree awarding to them, subject to the limitations hereinafter set forth, the right to the use of all the balance of the waters of the Jordan River, for municipal, irrigation, culinary, and domestic purposes, to the extent of

4875-657: The June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program's efforts to restore Utah Lake to a habitat in which the June sucker can survive. The intent is to cause a crash in the carp population which will allow the ecosystem to begin to rebuild and the June sucker to reestablish dominance in the lake. The Utah Lake Commission has previously stated its goal is to remove 32 million pounds of carp from the lake, and more than 17 million pounds have been removed as of November 2019. Due to its proximity to

5000-492: The June sucker. The common carp was introduced in 1883 as a source of food after native species had been depleted by overfishing . It is now the most prevalent fish found in Utah Lake. Carp makes up about 90% of the lake's biomass , with an adult population numbering around 7.5 million. The average carp in the lake is about 5.3 pounds (2.4 kg), for a total of nearly 40,000,000 pounds (18,000,000 kg) of carp in

5125-562: The LDS Church. According to data taken in 2000 by the ARDA , 88% of the overall population, and 98% of religious adherents in the Provo-Orem area are Latter-day Saints. According to a study in 2015, the Provo-Orem metro area is about as dissimilar to the rest of America as possible. Weighing factors such as race, housing, income, and education, the study ranked Provo-Orem 376th of 381 of the United States' largest cities in terms of resemblance to

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5250-617: The News , Toby Keith , Sean Hannity , Fred Willard , and Taylor Hicks . In 2015, the event included performances by Journey and Olivia Holt , and was hosted by television personality Montel Williams . Provo has two other large festivals each fall. Festival Latinoamericano is an annual family-oriented Labor Day weekend event in downtown Provo that offers the community a taste of the region's Hispanic culture through ethnic food, vendors, and performances. The city has hosted an annual LGBT Provo Pride Festival since 2013. The Covey Center for

5375-552: The Provo River made the Timpanogos a peaceful people. The area also served as the traditional meeting place for the Ute and Shoshone tribes and was used as a common location for worship of their creator deity. Silvestre Vélez de Escalante , a Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer, is considered the first European explorer to have visited the area in 1776. He was guided by two Timpanogos Utes, whom he called Silvestre and Joaquín. Escalante chronicled this first European exploration across

5500-584: The Provo River. The settlers built a stockade called Fort Utah and armed it with a twelve-pound cannon to intimidate the Timpanogots. In August, a Timpanogot named Old Bishop was murdered by three settlers over a shirt they wanted from him. Some Timpanogots shot at cattle or stole corn in response. Winter was especially hard, and Timpanogots stole cattle for food. By January 1850, settlers of Fort Utah reported to officials in Salt Lake City that

5625-477: The Salt Lake Valley. Under the direction of Parley P. Pratt , an exploration of Utah Valley was conducted. The party brought a small boat in which they explored Utah Lake and caught fish with their nets. The first battle between settlers and Indians occurred in early March 1849. A company of forty men was sent into Utah Valley to stop the stealing of cattle from the Salt Lake Valley. The company met in

5750-518: The State of Utah owned the land beneath Utah Lake. In January 2018, the Utah Department of Natural Resources received a project proposal as a potential solution to the lake's nutrient pollution, invasive species, and murky water. The project proposal involved dredging the lake bottom of all nutrient-loaded sediment, replacing invasive plant and animal species with native species, and restoring

5875-545: The State of Utah. Sovereign lands are managed under the public trust doctrine. The Utah State Legislature has designated the Division of Forestry, Fire & State Lands as the executive authority for the management of sovereign lands and the state's mineral estates on lands other than school and institutional trust lands. Sovereign lands are defined by the Utah State Legislature as "those lands lying below

6000-636: The Timpanogos in what is called the Provo War . Escalating tensions with the Timpanog contributed to the Walker War . Fort Utah was renamed Provo in 1850 for Étienne Provost , an early French-Canadian trapper who arrived in the region in 1825. In 1850, the first schoolhouse was constructed in Provo, built within Utah Fort. As more Latter-day Saints arrived, Provo quickly grew as a city. It soon

6125-426: The U.S., is headquartered in Provo. Novell , the dominant personal computer networking company from the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s, was headquartered in Provo and occupied several buildings at the height of its success. It was eventually acquired by The Attachmate Group and then by Micro Focus , which still maintains facilities there. The Food & Care Coalition is a local organization providing services to

6250-565: The United States Forest Service, 249,329 acres (1,009 km ) (11%) are managed by other government entities, and the majority of the rest, 1,263,696 acres (5,114 km ) (51%), are privately owned. Two major tributaries account for nearly 60% of inflow by streams or rivers into Utah Lake. The Provo River accounts for 36% of the inflow, and the Spanish Fork river accounts for 24%. Other tributaries include

6375-884: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

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6500-524: The Utah Valley. From Escalante's journal, he describes Utah Lake: "The lake, which must be six leagues wide and fifteen leagues long, extends as far as one of these valleys. It runs northwest through a narrow passage, and according to what they told us, it communicates with others much larger. This lake of Timpanogotzis abounds in several kinds of good fish, geese, beaver, and other amphibious animals which did not have an opportunity to see. Round about it

6625-530: The ancestors to the Ute , Paiute , and Northwestern Shoshone moved into the area. As a result, the Fremont people left the area. The third group inhabited the area was the Utes of central Utah and eastern Colorado. The Timpanogot (also called Timpanogos , Timpanogotzi, Timpannah, and Tempenny) band of the Utes inhabited Utah Valley. They were the most dominant band of Utes due to the relative ease of gathering

6750-486: The bottom of the lake, which is already a problem due to the lake's shallowness, resulting in greater turbidity and less sunlight reaching the remaining vegetation. Without cover for their young, native fish, such as the June sucker, become easy prey for white bass, walleye, and other predators. Efforts are underway to reduce the population of carp in Utah Lake by employing local commercial fishermen, led by Bill Loy, Jr., to remove 5 million pounds of carp each year as part of

6875-399: The capacity of their several canals, and the right to impound and store all of the waters of said river in Utah Lake." In response to the drought, a pumping plant was installed at the outlet of the Jordan River from Utah Lake. It was the largest pumping plant in the United States at the time. The plant contained seven pumps with a total capacity of 700 cubic feet (20 m ) per second. After

7000-407: The city was 88.52% White , 0.46% Black or African American , 0.80% American Indian , 1.83% Asian , 0.84% Pacific Islander , 5.10% from other races , and 2.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 10.47% of the population. There were 29,192 households, of which 33.8% had children under 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had

7125-509: The city. The population density was 2,697.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,041.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 84.8% White , 0.7% Black or African American , 0.8% American Indian , 2.5% Asian , 1.1% Pacific Islander , 6.6% from other races , and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 15.2% of the population. There were 31,524 households, of which 34.8% had children under 18 living with them, 55.4% were married couples living together, 8.2% had

7250-401: The concentration of mineral salts in the water, which can cause problems to agriculture and culinary water supplies. Excess levels of phosphorus come from multiple sources, but namely the wastewater treatment plants, are extremely concerning when it comes to Utah Lake management because high levels can trigger harmful algal blooms and eutrophication There is some discussion as to how much of

7375-526: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

7500-415: The country. According to the breakdown for Utah County in 2010, most people (90.6%) were Christian, with Latter-day Saints constituting 88.7% of the population. Catholics constituted 1.3% and Protestants constituted 0.6%. Other religions constituted 0.3% of the population. 9.1% of the population did not adhere to any religion. Provo has more than 100 restaurants (with over 60 in the downtown area) and

7625-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

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7750-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

7875-456: The decree was released, Utah Lake essentially became an irrigation reservoir, and the Jordan River's flow was highly regulated. As a result of the 1983–1984 flooding, a lawsuit was filed for compensation due to flooding based upon breach of contract of the previous compromise level. In 1985, a new compromise level was reached, which governed the maximum level of the lake. The new level was chosen to be 4,489 feet (1,368 m) above sea level. When

8000-462: The development of hydraulic pressure as the ground water slopes toward the middle of the lake. The lake contains a small island called Bird Island , about 2.25 miles (3.62 km) north of the Lincoln Beach boat ramp, near its south end. The island has a few trees and is somewhat visible from Lincoln Beach. During high-water years, the island may be completely submerged, the trees being

8125-509: The driest 2020 with 7.28 inches (184.9 mm). Winters are cold with substantial snowfall averaging 57.2 inches (145 cm) and a record monthly total of 66.0 inches (168 cm) in January 1918, during which the record snow cover of 34 inches (86 cm) was recorded on the 17th. Seasonal snowfall has ranged from 127.5 inches (324 cm) in 1983–84 to 10.1 inches (26 cm) in 2014–15. Very cold weather may occur when cold air from over

8250-521: The earliest known reference to "Utah" as the name of the lake. The precise origin of the name "Utah Lake" is unknown. One possible explanation is that it was named for the abundant reeds in and around the lake, called "Eu-tah". Another explanation is that it was incorrectly named after the Ute Tribe (Timpanogos are often incorrectly referred to as Ute). Utah Lake is within Utah Valley in north-central Utah. Mountains surround Utah Valley on three sides:

8375-497: The east. Major cities such as Provo and Orem are located between the lake's eastern shore and the Wasatch Range. Utah Lake is a remnant of a much larger pleistocene lake called Lake Bonneville , which existed from 75,000 to 8,000 years ago. At its peak 30,000 years ago, Lake Bonneville reached an elevation of 5,090 feet (1,550 m) above sea level and had a surface area of 19,800 square miles (51,000 km ), which

8500-739: The ensuing years, fewer and fewer Timpanogots lived in Utah Valley, and by 1872, all Timpanogots had moved to the Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation . However, some Timpanogots occasionally returned to fish on Utah Lake into the 1920s. Captain Howard Stansbury of the United States Army's Corps of Topographical Engineers was ordered to map, survey, and explore Utah and Salt Lake Valleys. In 1850, Captain Stansbury explored Utah Lake and Utah Valley, surveyed and made observation of

8625-692: The extensive Utah Transit Authority (UTA) bus system. UTA's commuter rail service, the FrontRunner , opened an extension to Provo from Salt Lake City on December 10, 2012. The Provo Intermodal Center , adjacent to the Amtrak station, connects the FrontRunner with local bus routes, as well as Greyhound service. County seat In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

8750-430: The fastest-growing private companies in the United States. The largest, DieCuts With a View, is ranked number 1403 and has revenues of $ 26.2 million. Other companies on the list are VitalSmarts (ranked 4109, with $ 41.4 million in revenue), and Connect Public Relations (ranked 3694, with $ 6.1 million in revenue). The global recreation and entertainment company Ryze Trampoline Parks , with locations throughout Asia, Europe and

8875-401: The fishery. The winter of 1885–1886 caused much of the livestock to die. Leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints elders sent members in the Salt Lake Valley to Utah Lake to obtain fish; an estimated 96,000 pounds (44,000 kg) of fish were brought back. The first commercial fishery also started the same year. At the 1870 General Conference of the LDS Church, a committee

9000-1003: The hearts and gizzards, take the feathers and oil and discard the rest." The Utah Lake wetland ecosystem is an important breeding area and stopover for migratory birds in the Pacific Flyway. Today, about 226 species of birds use the lake as their permanent home or as a stopover on their migration. The Utah Lake Wetland Preserve has been established at the south end of Utah Lake. It contains two units, one at Goshen bay with more than 21,750 acres (88.0 km ) of land preserved, and another unit at Benjamin Slough. Birds seen at Utah Lake include sandhill crane , double-crested cormorant , great horned owl , turkey vulture , golden eagle , cinnamon teal duck, and mallard duck . Parley P. Pratt visited Fort Utah in June 1849 and saw thousands of fish caught by settlers and Timpanogots. He estimated that 5000 barrels of fish could be secured annually from

9125-710: The homeless and low-income citizens of Provo and Utah Counties. They also provide volunteer opportunities. According to Provo's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city were: Every July, Provo hosts America's Freedom Festival at Provo which includes the Stadium of Fire at BYU. It is held in LaVell Edwards Stadium , home to BYU's NCAA football team. The Independence Day festivities are popular among residents and have featured such notable figures as Bob Hope , David Hasselhoff , Reba McEntire , Mandy Moore , Huey Lewis and

9250-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

9375-410: The improvement without conducting scientific measurements. There are several cyanobacteria species that are especially common when phosphorus levels and temperature, among other unknown criteria, are favorable for harmful algal blooms. These are Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Dolichospermum flosaquae species, both of which produce cyanotoxins . If levels are high enough for either species and others,

9500-585: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

9625-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

9750-432: The interest of the state, and authorized "the Division of Forestry, Fire, and State Lands to dispose of state land in exchange for the execution of a project for the comprehensive restoration of Utah Lake," an act which would otherwise be prohibited. On March 21, 2018, Governor Gary Herbert signed HB 272 into law. Critics of the project include ecologists and other scientists raising hydrologic and ecological concerns with

9875-468: The lake has been at a lower level because of a drought. The first European to see Utah Lake was Father Silvestre Vélez de Escalante in 1776. He stayed with the Timpanogots band of Ute Tribe for three days. Mormon settlers later settled near the lake beginning in 1849, with the Timpanogots becoming mostly displaced from the area by 1872. The native fish species of the lake were overharvested by

10000-840: The lake is closed to the public. The first inhabitants of the area were nomadic hunter-gatherers of the Desert Archaic Culture . An archeology site, called the Soo'nkahni Village, has been explored next to the Jordan River in Draper . The site dates back 3,000 years, and over 30,000 artifacts have been found. The next recorded inhabitants were the Fremont people who lived in the Utah Lake area from about 400 AD to about 1350 AD. They consisted of small villages of hunters and farmers. They farmed corn, squash, and beans. When climatic conditions changed, they caused trouble for farming. Also,

10125-451: The lake levels, allowing much of the lake to freeze, overcrowding fish in unfrozen portions of the lake. This overcrowding and pollution from agricultural runoff are probable causes of the fish's extinction. The Bonneville redside shiner , mottled sculpin , leatherside chub , Utah chub , speckled dace , longnose dace , mountain whitefish and mountain sucker are no longer in the lake, but still exist in tributaries. The June sucker

10250-468: The lake's bottom, contributing to the turbidity or the impression of pollution seen in Utah Lake's water. Three faults run under Utah Lake. One of the faults, the Bird Island fault, runs under the eastern edge of the lake and helps give rise to hot springs near Lincoln Beach. The other major hot spring is on the northern shore and is called Saratoga Springs . The hot springs mostly result from

10375-461: The lake. As early as 1901, fish and wildlife representatives noted that carp were causing the trout population in the lake to collapse. Due to their habit of grubbing through bottom sediments for food, carp stir up sediments and increase the turbidity of the water. In addition, they destroy submerged vegetation that holds sediments in place and provides shelter for native fish populations. Without vegetation, winds can more easily stir up sediment from

10500-423: The lake. The Bonneville cutthroat trout was historically the top predator fish in the ecosystem but is now restricted to tributary streams. A review in 2008 indicates that viable populations are distributed throughout its historic range and do not merit listing as a threatened or endangered species. The Utah Lake sculpin was last found in 1928 and likely became extinct in the 1930s after severe drought lowered

10625-758: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

10750-420: The local wildlife. Historically, there have been four species of amphibia , twelve species of reptiles, thirteen species of fish, 152 species of birds, and forty-two species of mammals found in the environs of Utah Lake. The dumping of raw sewage, destruction of natural habit, hunting, and the introduction of non-native fish species have taken a toll on the native species in and around the lake. Some of

10875-406: The mammals that live around the lake are the big brown bat , the silver-haired bat , mule deer , Botta's pocket gopher , desert woodrat , and striped skunk . There is seventeen known native mollusca to Utah Lake. Only three were reported in the lake ecosystem in 1969, and one species is extinct. The last living example of the thickshell pondsnail ( Stagnicola utahensis ), a freshwater snail,

11000-488: The north edge of the city, US-189 heads northeast into Provo Canyon , where it connects with Heber . Amtrak , the national passenger rail system, provides service to Provo station , operating its California Zephyr daily in both directions between Chicago , Illinois , and Emeryville , California (in the San Francisco Bay Area ). Provo also can be accessed by Salt Lake Express intercity buses and

11125-465: The only indication it is there. It is a fairly popular destination among fishermen seeking walleye , white bass , and channel catfish . The Utah Lake watershed drains 3,846 square miles (9,960 km ) over mostly mountainous terrain. The watershed's highest point is at 11,765-foot (3,586 m) Bald Mountain in the Uinta Mountains . 782,335 acres (3,166 km ) (32%) are managed by

11250-506: The ordinary high water mark of navigable bodies of water at the date of statehood and owned by the state by virtue of its sovereignty." The Commission was created by State statute in Utah's 2007 General Legislative Session, House Concurrent Resolution 1 , under the authority of the Interlocal Cooperation Act . The Commission is funded and empowered by 17 area governments, including; Utah County and its municipalities,

11375-435: The phosphorus is the result of anthropogenic causes and how much is the result of historic phosphorus stored in the lake sediment. Krissy Wilson of Utah's Division of Wildlife Resources stated in 2010 that water quality is now improving, with greater flows of water, among other things, contributing to the improvement. However, the presence and activity of carp, which stir up solids in the water, makes it difficult to appreciate

11500-445: The plentiful local food supply. It was a sacred meeting place for the Timpanogos, Ute and Shoshone tribes. During the spring spawning season, these tribes would meet at Utah Lake for the annual fish festival. At the festival, there was dancing, singing, trading, horse races, gambling, and feasting on the plentiful fish the lake provided. It was also an opportunity to find a mate from another clan. In 1826, Jedediah Smith visited

11625-450: The project. Specific issues include the fact that the project would likely lead to the creation of anoxic waters due to lake stratification , the destruction of the lake's unique hydrology and biogeochemistry, the release of toxins and nutrients, altering the lake from its natural state, and geology unsuitable for supporting inhabited islands. Other critics disputed the passing of HB272 as an attempt to trade sovereign lands in exchange for

11750-518: The proposal by Lake Restoration Solutions. The division director Jamie Barnes said that the lake bed is sovereign state land and cannot be privatized. In 2008, Utah Lake's carp and channel catfish were found to be contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls , also known as PCB's. After an investigation, no originating source for the PCBs was found. The lake was closed due to contamination from toxic algae in 2016, 2018, and 2019. The June Sucker

11875-775: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

12000-423: The record wet month of September 1982, which saw 6.53 inches (165.9 mm) of total precipitation, including 4.15 inches (105.4 mm) over the last six days from a storm moving in from Arizona. The last maximum of 90 °F (32.2 °C) can be expected around September 10, and the first morning below freezing on October 14. At the 2010 census , 112,488 people, 31,524 households and 21,166 families resided in

12125-531: The reported stolen goods of settlers by the Utes, Brigham Young gave small militia orders "to take such measures as would put a final end to their [Indian] depredations in future." This ended in what is known as the Battle Creek massacre , in modern-day Pleasant Grove, Utah . The Mormons continued pushing into Timpanog lands. In 1849, 33 Mormon families from Salt Lake City established Fort Utah . In 1850, Brigham Young sent an army from Salt Lake to drive out

12250-405: The roughly 65,000 years that Lake Bonneville existed, sediments built up, creating a lacustrine plain over Utah Valley. As a result, the valley floor and lake bed are relatively flat, which causes the lake to be shallow. The lake has a maximum depth of just under 14 feet (4.3 m) and an average depth of about 10.5 feet (3.2 m). This shallowness allows winds to easily stir up sediments from

12375-467: The same months of 2012. Being too far north to gain any influence from the monsoon except in rare cases like the 4.38 inches (111.3 mm) of rainfall of August 1983, Provo's summers are hot and dry, though relatively short – no maxima above 100 °F (37.8 °C) have been recorded outside the range of June 7 to August 27. Monthly maxima average over 91 °F (32.8 °C) in July and August, and precipitation averages under one inch per month with

12500-435: The seats are elected by the city as a whole. These elected officials serve four-year terms, with elections alternating every two years. Provo has a Mayor–council government , which creates two separate but equal branches of government. The mayor is chief executive of the city and the council is the legislative and policy-making body of the city. The mayor is Michelle Kaufusi , who has been in office since December 5, 2017. BYU

12625-409: The settlers and subsequently restocked with non-native species. Although thirteen species of fish were native to the lake, only the Utah sucker and the critically endangered June sucker remain. The dominant species in the lake is the common carp , introduced in 1883 as an alternative to the overharvested native fish. The carp is now estimated at 90% of the biomass of the lake and contributes to

12750-530: The shoreline of Utah Lake has been in dispute between the State of Utah and farmers for many years. The bed of Utah Lake, along with other natural lakes, was granted to the state upon admission to the Union in 1896. However, due to the lack of an exact definition and significantly fluctuating lake levels, intermittently dry areas, and wetlands, including all of Provo Bay, have been claimed and farmed by surrounding land owners. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1987 that

12875-460: The situation was getting dangerous. They wanted a military party to attack the Timpanogots. A militia was sent from Salt Lake City, and on February 8 and 11, they engaged the Timpanogots in battle. On February 14, eleven Timpanogots surrendered but were later executed while their families watched. A government surgeon went to the execution site and cut off the Timpanogots' heads for later examination. One militia man and 102 Timpanogots were killed. Over

13000-536: The spring, with the first afternoon over 70 °F (21.1 °C) on March 21, the last freeze expected on April 29, and the first temperature equal to or hotter than 90 °F (32.2 °C) on May 30. Rainfall is not infrequent during the spring: over 5.10 inches (130 mm) was recorded in the Mays of 1995 and 2011, and a total of 12.29 inches (312.2 mm) fell during the four-month span of March to June 2005 – in contrast as little as 2.04 inches (51.8 mm) fell in

13125-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

13250-542: The state. Timpview High School has a record of 4A state football championships. A small section of the city lies within Alpine School District . Interstate 15 runs through western Provo, connecting it with the rest of the Wasatch Front and much of Utah. US-89 runs northwest to southeast through the city as State Street, while US-189 connects US-89 with I-15, BYU, and Orem to the north. At

13375-470: The steep mountain, built in the early part of the 20th century to commemorate BYU (original plans included construction use of all three letters). Wild deer (and less frequently, cougars , and moose ) still roam the mountains (and occasionally the city streets). The geography allows for hiking, skiing , fishing and other outdoor activities. Provo's climate can be classified as either a hot-summer Mediterranean climate classification ( Köppen : Csa ) or as

13500-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

13625-672: The university of Colleges and Universities (NWCCU). RMUoHP offers programs in nursing practice, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and health science. RMUoHP will be building Utah County's first new medical school. Provo College is a private, for-profit educational institution specializing in career education. The school is accredited by the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS). Provo College offers associate degrees and diplomas in fields such as nursing, medical assisting, criminal justice, graphic design, and office administration. Almost all of Provo

13750-544: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

13875-473: The village of Little Chief, who told them where the people responsible for the stealing were located. A skirmish took place in which four Timpanogots were killed. The settlers named the site of the skirmish Battle Creek, which was later renamed Pleasant Grove . In April 1849, a group of about thirty families came into Utah Valley and settled on the Provo River, very close to the main Timpanogot village on

14000-482: The water level in Utah Lake exceeds this level, the Jordan River pumps and gates are left open. The new compromise level also meant that the lake's elevation was below Jordan River's stream bed. In 1948, a study showed Utah Lake was being seriously polluted. As a result, Utah County cities decided to plan how and where to build sewage treatment plants instead of dumping raw sewage into the lake. By 1954, many cities had constructed sewage treatment plants, but Provo's

14125-498: The water quality before building and developing housing on arch-shaped islands. The proposal became known as the Utah Lake Restoration project, and had an estimated cost of $ 6.4 billion which would be obtained through private investors. The proposal led to the creation of the House Bill 272 - Utah Lake Amendments (HB 272), which asserted that Utah Lake faced serious challenges, that conservation and restoration were possible, and in

14250-514: Was 23 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 89.3 males. The median household income was $ 34,313, and the median family income was $ 36,393. Males had a median income of $ 32,010 and females $ 20,928. The per capita income was $ 13,207. About 12.5% of families and 26.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those aged 65 or over. The residents of Provo are predominantly members of

14375-409: Was 23.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. At the 2000 census , 105,166 people, 29,192 households and 19,938 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,653.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,024.4/km). There were 30,374 housing units at an average density of 766.3/sq mi (295.9/km). The racial makeup of

14500-532: Was an independent city from 1968 to 2013, while also being the county seat of Bedford County . Bedford reverted to an incorporated town, and remains the county seat, though is now part of the county. The state with the most counties is Texas, with 254, and the state with the fewest counties is Delaware, with 3. Utah Lake Utah Lake is a shallow freshwater lake in the center of Utah County , Utah , United States. It lies in Utah Valley , surrounded by

14625-485: Was appointed to develop fish culture because of the declining fish harvest in Utah Lake. By 1904, it became illegal to commercially catch any fish except for non-native species. At least 25 species have been introduced into Utah Lake's waters. Thirteen introductions were unsuccessful. Carp, largemouth bass, white bass , black bullhead , channel catfish , walleye , goldfish , yellow perch , blue gill , and black crappie are found in abundance. The golden shiner and

14750-505: Was completed in July 1976. The MTC was expanded in the early 1990s to become the largest of the 17 such centers than in the world. Additional construction was completed in 2017. The Provo City Library is a public library that occupies the building of the former Brigham Young Academy, built-in 1892. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Its collection contains over 277,000 media. The library

14875-502: Was dedicated in March 2016. The Utah Valley Convention Center opened in 2012. It has 83,578 square feet (7,764.7 m) of combined meeting, pre-function and garden space. Federally, Provo is part of Utah's 3rd congressional district , represented by Republican John Curtis , elected in 2017. Provo is administered by a seven-member city council and a mayor. Five of the council seats are elected by individual city districts, and two of

15000-635: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

15125-548: Was federally listed as an endangered species in 1986. The lower 5 miles (8.0 km) of the Provo River is the only known spawning location for the species. Biologists have been rearing the June sucker in Red Butte Reservoir and releasing them into Utah Lake to help build the population. During the summer of 2005, over 8,000 June sucker were released into Utah Lake. The June Sucker Recovery Implementation Program (JSRIP) coordinates and implements recovery actions for

15250-428: Was nearly as large as Lake Michigan . The weight of the lake depressed sections of the lake bottom by as much as 240 feet (73 m) before the surface rebounded when the lake dried up. About 12,000 years ago, the climate of the region became warmer and drier. As evaporation rates exceeded inflow rates, the lake began to dry up, leaving Utah Lake, the Great Salt Lake , Sevier Lake , and Rush Lake as remnants. Over

15375-583: Was nicknamed The Garden City with a large number of fruit orchards and gardens there. In 1872, a railroad reached Provo. It was also this year that the Provo Woolen Mills opened. They were the first large factory in Provo and employed about 150 people, initially mainly skilled textile laborers who had emigrated from Britain. Provo lies on the eastern bank of Utah Lake in Utah Valley at an elevation of 4,549 feet (1,387 m). According to

15500-481: Was reportedly seen in the early 1930s. Four specimens were sent to the Smithsonian Institution in 1911 and the only known location for the snail was Utah Lake. During the 1800s and the 1930s, killing fish-eating birds were seen as a fish conservation measure. Local government entities gave bounties, and upon presenting evidence of offending dead birds, game officers paid the bounties. A report by

15625-584: Was still under construction. Raw sewage was still getting into the lake by 1967. In the State of Utah, the Utah Division of Water Quality and Utah Division of Drinking Water are responsible for the management and regulation of water quality. Lakes, rivers, and streams that exceed the standard levels are then placed on the DEQ 303d list in accordance with the Clean Water Act . The Act requires states to identify impaired water bodies every two years and develop

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