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78-490: The Xserve is a discontinued series of rack-mounted servers that was manufactured by Apple Inc. between 2002 and 2011. It was Apple's first rack-mounted server, and could function as a file server , web server or run high-performance computing applications in clusters – a dedicated cluster Xserve, the Xserve Cluster Node, without a video card and optical drives was also available. The first Xserve had

156-681: A PowerPC G4 processor, replaced by a PowerPC G5 in 2004, and by Intel Xeon processors in 2006; each was available in single-processor and dual-processor configurations. The Xserve was discontinued in 2011, and replaced with the Mac Pro Server and the Mac Mini Server . Before the Xserve, Apple's server line included the Apple Workgroup Server, Macintosh Server , and Apple Network Server . Apple introduced

234-546: A multi-chip module , with 8 MB of L2 cache (4 MB per die). Like Woodcrest, lower models use a 1066 MT/s FSB, and higher models use a 1333 MT/s FSB. Intel released Clovertown , product code 80563, on November 14, 2006 with models E5310, E5320, E5335, E5345, and X5355, ranging from 1.6 GHz to 2.66 GHz. All models support MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Intel VT . The E and X designations are borrowed from Intel's Core 2 model numbering scheme; an ending of -0 implies

312-604: A 1.07 GT/s FSB , fits into the Tigerton's mPGA604 socket, and is compatible with both the Intel Caneland and IBM X4 chipsets. These processors support DDR2-1066 (533 MHz), and have a maximum TDP below 130 W. They are intended for blades and other stacked computer systems. Availability was scheduled for the second half of 2008. It was followed shortly by the Nehalem microarchitecture . Total transistor count

390-605: A 1066 MT/s FSB, and an ending of -5 implies a 1333 MT/s FSB. All models have a TDP of 80 W with the exception of the X5355, which has a TDP of 120 W, and the X5365, which has a TDP of 150 W. A low-voltage version of Clovertown with a TDP of 50 W has a model numbers L5310, L5320 and L5335 (1.6 GHz, 1.86 GHz and 2.0 GHz respectively). The 3.0 GHz X5365 arrived in July 2007, and became available in

468-422: A 1066 MT/s FSB. Dempsey has 4 MB of L2 cache (2 MB per core). A Medium Voltage model, at 3.2 GHz and 1066 MT/s FSB (model number 5063), has also been released. Dempsey also introduces a new interface for Xeon processors: LGA 771 , also known as Socket J . Dempsey was the first Xeon core in a long time to be somewhat competitive with its Opteron-based counterparts, although it could not claim

546-425: A 1333 MT/s front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology and Intel Virtualization Technology but do not support Hyper-Threading. On June 26, 2006, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5100 series) codenamed Woodcrest (product code 80556); it was the first Intel Core/Merom microarchitecture processor to be launched on the market. It is a dual-processor server and workstation version of

624-552: A 2 MB configuration: four SRAMs on both sides of the PCB. Each SRAM was a 12.90 mm by 17.23 mm (222.21 mm ) die fabricated in a 0.35 μm four-layer metal CMOS process and packaged in a cavity-down wire-bonded land grid array (LGA). The additional cache required a larger module and thus the Pentium II Xeon used a larger slot, Slot 2 . It was supported by the i440GX dual-processor workstation chipset and

702-601: A 512 kB L2 cache. This was based on the " Northwood " Pentium 4 core. A new server chipset, E7500 (which allowed the use of dual-channel DDR SDRAM ), was released to support this processor in servers, and soon the bus speed was boosted to 533 MT/s (accompanied by a new socket and two new chipsets: the E7501 for servers and the E7505 for workstations). The Prestonia performed much better than its predecessor and noticeably better than Athlon MP. The support of new features in

780-565: A TDP of 65   W. The 5160 has a TDP of 80   W and the 5148LV (2.33   GHz) has a TDP of 40   W. The previous generation Xeons had a TDP of 130   W. All models support Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit , and Virtualization Technology , with the Demand-based switching power management option only on Dual-Core Xeon 5140 or above. Woodcrest has 4 MB of shared L2 cache. On November 11, 2007, Intel released

858-532: A decisive lead in any performance metric – that would have to wait for its successor, the Woodcrest. On March 14, 2006, Intel released a dual-core processor codenamed Sossaman and branded as Xeon LV (low-voltage). Subsequently, an ULV (ultra-low-voltage) version was released. The Sossaman was a low-/ultra-low-power and double-processor capable CPU (like AMD Quad FX ), based on the " Yonah " processor, for ultradense non-consumer environment (i.e., targeted at

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936-499: A discrete graphics card or a separate GPU if computer monitor output is desired. Intel Xeon is a distinct product line from the similarly named Intel Xeon Phi . The first-generation Xeon Phi is a completely different type of device more comparable to a graphics card; it is designed for a PCI Express slot and is meant to be used as a multi-core coprocessor, like the Nvidia Tesla . In the second generation, Xeon Phi evolved into

1014-640: A main processor more similar to the Xeon. It conforms to the same socket as a Xeon processor and is x86-compatible; however, as compared to Xeon, the design point of the Xeon Phi emphasizes more cores with higher memory bandwidth. The first Xeon-branded processor was the Pentium II Xeon (code-named " Drake "). It was released in 1998, replacing the Pentium Pro in Intel's high-end server lineup. The Pentium II Xeon

1092-441: A number ending in "5" have a 1333 MT/s FSB. The 3100 series, codenamed Wolfdale (product code 80570) dual-core Xeon (branded) CPU, was just a rebranded version of the Intel's mainstream Core 2 Duo E7000/E8000 and Pentium Dual-Core E5000 processors, featuring the same 45 nm process and 6 MB of L2 cache. Unlike most Xeon processors, they only support single-CPU operation. They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on

1170-584: A point to point interface allowing the full front side bus bandwidth per processor. The 7xxx series is aimed at the large server market, supporting configurations of up to 32 CPUs per host. Dunnington – the last CPU of the Penryn generation and Intel's first multi-core (above two) die – features a single-die six- (or hexa- ) core design with three unified 3 MB L2 caches (resembling three merged 45 nm dual-core Wolfdale-3M dies), and 96 kB L1 cache (Data) and 16 MB of L3 cache. It features

1248-652: A socketable form factor. Xeon D was introduced to compete with emerging ARM hyperscale server solutions that offered greater multi-threaded performance and power effiency. Xeon W branding is used for Xeon workstation processors. It was first introduced in August 2017 with the release of the Skylake -based Xeon W-2100 series workstation processors. With Sapphire Rapids-WS workstation processors that launched in March 2023, Intel introduced tiers within Xeon W. Xeon w3, w5, w7 and w9

1326-711: Is 1.9 billion. Announced on September 15, 2008. Xeon 3400-series processors based on Lynnfield are designed for entry-level servers compared to Bloomfield, which is designed for uniprocessor workstations. Like Bloomfield, they are quad-core single-package processors based on the Nehalem microarchitecture , but were introduced almost a year later, in September 2009. The same processors are marketed for mid-range to high-end desktops systems as Core i5 and Core i7 . They have two integrated memory channels as well as PCI Express and Direct Media Interface (DMI) links, but no QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) interface. At low end of

1404-552: Is 120 W TDP or above. The speed of 3.00 GHz comes as four models, two models with 80 W TDP two other models with 120 W TDP with 1333 MHz or 1600 MHz front-side bus respectively. The fastest Harpertown is the X5492 whose TDP of 150 W is higher than those of the Prescott-based Xeon DP but having twice as many cores. (The X5482 is also sold under the name "Core 2 Extreme QX9775" for use in

1482-528: Is a four-socket (packaged in Socket 604 ) and more capable quad-core processor , consisting of two dual core Core 2 architecture silicon chips on a single ceramic module, similar to Intel's Xeon 5300 series Clovertown processor modules. The 7300 series uses Intel's Caneland (Clarksboro) platform. Intel claims the 7300 series Xeons offer more than twice the performance per watt as Intel's previous generation 7100 series. The 7300 series' Caneland chipset provides

1560-545: Is a unified 6 MB per die (except for the X3320 and X3330 with a smaller 3 MB L2 cache per die), and a front-side bus of 1333 MHz. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit , and Virtualization Technology , as well as Demand-based switching . The Yorkfield-CL (product code 80584) variant of these processors are X3323, X3353 and X3363. They have a reduced TDP of 80W and are made for single-CPU LGA 771 systems instead of LGA 775 , which

1638-626: Is almost identical to AMD64 ) in the 90 nm version of the Pentium 4 (" Prescott "), and a Xeon version codenamed " Nocona " with 1 MB L2 cache was released in 2004. Released with it were the E7525 (workstation), E7520 and E7320 (both server) chipsets, which added support for PCI Express 1.0a , DDR2 and Serial ATA 1.0a . The Xeon was noticeably slower than AMD's Opteron, although it could be faster in situations where Hyper-Threading came into play. A slightly updated core called " Irwindale "

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1716-473: Is also a "half rack width" size being used in IT applications where a device conforms to a smaller than 9.5-inch width so that these "half rack width" appliances may be used in a chassis system that fits the traditional 19-inch rack space, but allows for these 8.4-inch-wide "half rack width" appliances to be inserted and removed easily without tools or the need to remove adjacent hardware. This "half rack width" concept

1794-404: Is an MP-capable processor, similar to the 7300 series, but, in contrast, there is a single dual-core die. Intel released rebranded versions of its quad-core (2×2) Core 2 Quad processor as the Xeon 3200-series (product code 80562) on January 7, 2007. The 2 × 2 "quad-core" (dual-die dual-core ) comprised two separate dual-core die next to each other in one CPU package. The models are

1872-554: Is no formal specification for "half rack", the term half-rack can have different separate meanings: It can describe equipment that fits in a certain number of rack units, but occupy only half the width of a 19-inch rack (9.5 inches (241.30 mm)). These are commonly used when a piece of equipment does not require full rack width, but may require more than 1U of height. For example, a "4U half-rack" DVCAM deck occupies 4U (7 in) height × 9.5 in width, and in theory, two 4U half-rack decks could be mounted side by side and occupy

1950-417: Is popular in applications where IT equipment is being used by military who are unable to use traditional 1U full-depth IT appliances due to their large size. Gainestown (microprocessor) Xeon ( / ˈ z iː ɒ n / ; ZEE -on ) is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed, manufactured, and marketed by Intel , targeted at the non-consumer workstation , server , and embedded markets. It

2028-454: Is the server version for single CPU systems. This is a single-socket Intel Xeon processor designed for uniprocessor workstations. The performance improvements over the previous Xeon 3300 series are based mainly on: Gainestown or Nehalem-EP (Efficient Performance), the successor to Wolfdale-DP, and Harpertown, is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture and uses the same 45 nm manufacturing methods. The first processor released with

2106-506: Is used in all other Yorkfield processors. In all other respects, they are identical to their Yorkfield counterparts. A quad-core (2×2) successor of the Woodcrest for DP segment, consisting of two dual-core Woodcrest chips in one package similarly to the dual-core Pentium D branded CPUs (two single-core chips) or the quad-core Kentsfield . All Clovertowns use the LGA 771 package. The Clovertown has been usually implemented with two Woodcrest dies on

2184-577: The Apple Mac Pro on April 4, 2007. The X5365 performs up to around 38  GFLOPS in the LINPACK benchmark. On November 11, 2007 Intel presented Yorkfield -based Xeons – called Harpertown (product code 80574) – to the public. This family consists of dual die quad-core CPUs manufactured on a 45 nm process and featuring 1066 MHz, 1333 MHz, 1600 MHz front-side buses, with TDP rated from 40 W to 150 W depending on

2262-469: The Core 2 processor. Intel claimed that it provides an 80% boost in performance, while reducing power consumption by 20% relative to the 5000 series Dempsey . Most models have a 1333   MT/s FSB, except for the 5110 and 5120, which have a 1066   MT/s FSB. The fastest processor (5160) operates at 3.0   GHz. All Woodcrest processors use the LGA 771 (Socket J) socket and all except two models have

2340-494: The Intel Skulltrail system.) Intel 1.6 GT/s front-side bus Xeon processors will drop into the Intel 5400 (Seaburg) chipset whereas several mainboards featuring the Intel 5000/5200-chipset are enabled to run the processors with a 1333 MHz front-side bus speed. Seaburg features support for dual PCIe 2.0 x16 slots and up to 128 GB of memory. The 7300 series, codenamed Tigerton QC (product code 80565)

2418-702: The Machine Check Architecture (MCA). They are often capable of safely continuing execution where a normal processor cannot due to these extra RAS features, depending on the type and severity of the machine-check exception (MCE). Some also support multi-socket systems with two, four, or eight sockets through use of the Ultra Path Interconnect (UPI) bus, which replaced the older QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) bus. The Xeon brand has been maintained over several generations of IA-32 and x86-64 processors. The P6-based models added

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2496-552: The Pentium D branded " Smithfield ") with 4 MB of L2 cache (2 MB per core). The only Paxville DP model released ran at 2.8 GHz, featured an 800 MT/s front side bus, and was produced using a 90 nm process . An MP-capable version of Paxville, codenamed Paxville MP , product code 80560, was released on November 1, 2005. There are two versions: one with 2 MB of L2 cache (1 MB per core), and one with 4 MB of L2 (2 MB per core). Paxville MP, called

2574-582: The Worldwide Developers Conference on August 7, 2006, and are significantly faster compared to the Xserve G5. They use Intel Xeon (' Woodcrest ') processors, DDR2 ECC FB-DIMMs , ATI Radeon graphics, a maximum storage capacity of 2.25 TB when used with three 750 GB drives, optional redundant power supplies and a 1U rack form factor. The Intel Xserves now had on board video, freeing up an expansion slot. On January 8, 2008 Xserve

2652-662: The Xeon moniker to the end of the name of their corresponding desktop processor, but all models since 2001 used the name Xeon on its own. The Xeon CPUs generally have more cache and cores than their desktop counterparts in addition to multiprocessing capabilities. The Xeon Scalable brand for high-performance server was introduced in May 2017 with the Skylake-based Xeon Platinum 8100 series. Xeon Scalable processors range from dual socket to 8 socket support. Within

2730-773: The i450NX quad- or octo-processor server chipset. In 1999, the Pentium II Xeon was replaced by the Pentium III Xeon. Reflecting the incremental changes from the Pentium II " Deschutes " core to the Pentium III " Katmai " core, the first Pentium III Xeon, named " Tanner ", was just like its predecessor except for the addition of Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) and a few cache controller improvements. The product codes for Tanner mirrored that of Katmai ; 80525. The second version, named " Cascades ",

2808-460: The 130 nm process allowed Intel to create the Xeon MP branded Gallatin with 4 MB cache. The Xeon branded Prestonia and Gallatin were designated 80532, like Northwood. Due to a lack of success with Intel's Itanium and Itanium 2 processors, AMD was able to introduce x86-64 , a 64-bit extension to the x86 architecture . Intel followed suit by including Intel 64 (formerly EM64T; it

2886-578: The 3400-series is not a Lynnfield but a Clarkdale processor, which is also used in the Core i3-500 and Core i5-600 processors as well as the Celeron G1000 and G6000 Pentium series. A single model was released in March 2010, the Xeon L3406. Compared to all other Clarkdale-based products, this one does not support integrated graphics, but has a much lower thermal design power of just 30 W. Compared to

2964-420: The 4U space. It can also describe a unit that is 1U high and half the depth of a 4-post rack (such as a network switch , router , KVM switch , or server ), such that two units can be mounted in 1U of space (one mounted at the front of the rack and one at the rear). When used to describe the rack enclosure itself, the term "half-rack" typically means a rack enclosure that is half the height (22U tall). There

3042-493: The Dual-Core Xeon 5000-series, Dempsey is a NetBurst microarchitecture processor produced using a 65 nm process , and is virtually identical to Intel's " Presler " Pentium Extreme Edition , except for the addition of SMP support, which lets Dempsey operate in dual-processor systems. Dempsey ranges between 2.50 GHz and 3.73 GHz (model numbers 5020–5080). Some models have a 667 MT/s FSB, and others have

3120-579: The E75xx series also gave it a key advantage over the Pentium III Xeon and Athlon MP branded CPUs (both stuck with rather old chipsets), and it quickly became the top-selling server/workstation processor. Subsequent to the Prestonia was the " Gallatin ", which had an L3 cache of 1 MB or 2 MB. Its Xeon MP version, which succeeded Foster MP , was popular in servers. Later experience with

3198-699: The G4 cluster node) at US$ 2,999. On January 3, 2005, Apple updated the Xserve G5 with faster processors in the dual-processor configurations. 400 GB hard disks were made available for up to 1.2 TB of internal storage. The slot-loading optical drive was upgraded to a combination DVD-ROM/CD-RW standard, DVD-/+RW optional. Soon after, Apple updated the Xserve and Xserve RAID to allow the use of 500 GB Hard Drives. Xserve G5 models before April 2005 shipped with Mac OS X v10.3 "Panther", after April 2005 shipped with Mac OS X v10.4 "Tiger". According to Apple, all of these models are obsolete. The Intel-based Xserves were announced at

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3276-482: The Jackson Hyper-Threading capacity. This improved performance slightly, but not enough to lift it out of third place. It was also priced much higher than the dual-processor (DP) versions. The Foster shared the 80528 product code with Willamette. In 2002 Intel released a 130 nm version of Xeon branded CPU, codenamed " Prestonia ". It supported Intel's new Hyper-Threading technology and had

3354-591: The Lynnfield-based Xeon 3400 models, it only offers two cores. Bloomfield (or Nehalem-E ) is the codename for the successor to the Xeon 3300 series, is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture and uses the same 45 nm manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn . The first processor released with the Nehalem architecture is the high-end desktop Core i7 , which was released in November 2008. This

3432-559: The X3210, X3220 and X3230, running at 2.13 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.66 GHz, respectively. Like the 3000-series, these models only support single-CPU operation and operate on a 1066 MT/s front-side bus. It is targeted at the "blade" market. The X3220 is also branded and sold as Core2 Quad Q6600 , the X3230 as Q6700. Intel released relabeled versions of its quad-core Core 2 Quad Yorkfield Q9300, Q9400, Q9x50 and QX9770 processors as

3510-430: The Xeon 3300-series (product code 80569). This processor comprises two separate dual-core dies next to each other in one CPU package and manufactured in a 45 nm process . The models are the X3320, X3330, X3350, X3360, X3370 and X3380, being rebadged Q9300, Q9400, Q9450, Q9550, Q9650, QX9770, running at 2.50 GHz, 2.66 GHz, 2.66 GHz, 2.83 GHz, 3.0 GHz, and 3.16 GHz, respectively. The L2 cache

3588-503: The Xeon 6 6700E line is an all E core based (Sierra Forest) line of processors. Xeon D is targeted towards microserver and edge computing markets with lower power consumption and integrated I/O blocks such as network interface controllers . This allows Xeon D processors to function as SoCs that do not require a separate southbridge PCH. It was announced in 2014 and the first Xeon D processors were released in March 2015. Xeon D processors come in an soldered BGA package rather than in

3666-481: The Xeon Scalable brand, there exists the hierarchy of Xeon Bronze, Silver, Gold and Platinum. In April 2024, Intel announced at its Vision event that the Xeon Scalable brand would be retired, beginning with 6th generation Xeon processors codenamed Sierra Forest and Granite Rapids that will now be referred to as "Xeon 6" processors. This change brings greater emphasis on processor generation numbers. With

3744-611: The Xserve on May 14, 2002 (released in June). Initially, two configuration options were available: a single-processor Xserve at US$ 2999, and a dual-processor Xserve at US$ 3999. Xserves sold before August 24, 2002 shipped with Mac OS X v10.1 "Puma" Server, while those sold after shipped with Mac OS X v10.2 "Jaguar" Server. On February 10, 2003, Apple released an improved and expanded Xserve lineup. Improvements included one or two 1.33 GHz PowerPC G4 processors, faster memory, and higher capacity Ultra ATA/133 hard disk drives. The front plate

3822-473: The Xserve. According to Apple, all of these models are obsolete. On January 6, 2004 Apple introduced the Xserve G5, a redesigned higher-performance Xserve. The 32-bit PowerPC G4s were replaced with one or two 64-bit PowerPC 970 processors running at 2 GHz. Ventilation issues restricted it to three SATA hot-swap drive bays, with the original space for the fourth drive bay used for air vents. The front plate and slot-loading optical drive were retained from

3900-465: The blade-server and embedded markets), and was rated at a thermal design power (TDP) of 31 W (LV: 1.66 GHz, 2 GHz and 2.16 GHz) and 15 W (ULV: 1.66 GHz). As such, it supported most of the same features as earlier Xeons: Virtualization Technology, 667 MT/s front side bus, and dual-core processing, but did not support 64-bit operations, so it could not run 64-bit server software, such as Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, and therefore

3978-469: The company suggested users switch to Mac Pro Server or Mac Mini Server . After the Xserve's discontinuation, an annoyed customer emailed Steve Jobs , who responded that "hardly anyone was buying them". According to Apple, all of these models are obsolete. Rack unit The rack unit size is based on a standard rack specification as defined in EIA -310. The Eurocard specifies a standard rack unit as

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4056-529: The dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5200 series) codenamed Wolfdale-DP (product code 80573). It is built on a 45 nm process like the desktop Core 2 Duo and Xeon Wolfdale , featuring Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit , and Virtualization Technology . It is unclear whether the Demand-based switching power management is available on the L5238. Wolfdale has 6 MB of shared L2 cache. The 7200 series, codenamed Tigerton (product code 80564)

4134-518: The dual-core Xeon 7000-series, was produced using a 90 nm process. Paxville MP clock ranges between 2.67 GHz and 3.0 GHz (model numbers 7020–7041), with some models having a 667 MT/s FSB, and others having an 800 MT/s FSB. Released on August 29, 2006, the 7100 series, codenamed Tulsa (product code 80550), is an improved version of Paxville MP, built on a 65 nm process, with 2 MB of L2 cache (1 MB per core) and up to 16 MB of L3 cache. It uses Socket 604 . Tulsa

4212-459: The end of September 2006, was the first Xeon for single-CPU operation and is designd for entry-level uniprocessor servers. The same processor is branded as Core 2 Duo or as Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron , with varying features disabled. They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on a 1066 MT/s front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology and Intel Virtualization Technology but do not support hyper-threading. Conroe processors with

4290-414: The exception of Xeon W-3175X ). Despite such disadvantages, Xeon processors have always had popularity among some desktop users (video editors and other power users ), mainly due to higher core count potential, and higher performance to price ratio vs. the Core i7 in terms of total computing power of all cores. Since most Intel Xeon CPUs lack an integrated GPU , systems built with those processors require

4368-459: The full number of rack units would imply. Thus, a 1U front panel would be 1 23 ⁄ 32 inches (1.71875 in or 43.66 mm) tall. If n is number of rack units, the ideal formula for panel height is h = (1.75 n − 0.031) for calculating in inches, and h = (44.45 n − 0.794) for calculating in millimetres. Manufacturing allows for dimensions with less precision. The 19-inch rack format with rack units of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm)

4446-513: The last Xserve G4. The higher memory capacity and bandwidth as well as the stronger floating-point performance of the PowerPC 970 made it more suitable for high-performance computing (HPC) applications. System X is one such cluster computer built with Xserves. Three configuration options were available: a single-processor model at US$ 2,999, a dual-processor model at $ 3,999, and a dual-processor cluster node model (with an unchanged appearance from

4524-519: The launch of Intel's Sierra Forest line of processors, branding for mainstream server processors switched to Xeon #, with the # being the generation of the processor, such as Xeon 6 for the 6th generation of Xeon processors, this naming convention also carries over to the Granite Rapids line of server CPUs. Xeon 6 is split into two product lines, the E series and P series, which, respectively, are all E core and all P core designs. For example,

4602-475: The maximum storage capacity, bringing it to 6 TB when used with three 2 TB drives. An option to add a SSD boot-drive that does not occupy a drive bay was also implemented. The addition of the SSD boot drive allows all drives to be swapped whilst the server remains online. It is also Apple's first Xserve to use PVC-free internal cables and components and contain no brominated flame retardants. On August 28, 2009 Xserve

4680-457: The model. These processors fit in the LGA 771 package. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit , and Virtualization Technology . All except the E5405 and L5408 also feature Demand-based switching . The supplementary character in front of the model-number represents the thermal rating: an L depicts a TDP of 40 W or 50 W, an E depicts 80 W whereas an X

4758-447: The pitch of printed circuit boards /cards providing physical compatibility of technological equipment, typically in telecommunications. While a rack unit is defined as 1 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches (44.45 mm), a front panel or filler panel in a rack is not an exact multiple of this height. To allow space between adjacent rack-mounted components, a panel is 1 ⁄ 32 inches (0.03125 in or 0.794 mm) less in height than

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4836-399: The right) differs for 19-inch racks and 23-inch racks: 19-inch racks use uneven spacings (as shown to the right) while 23-inch racks use evenly spaced mounting holes. Although it is called a 19-inch rack unit, the actual mounting dimensions of a 19-inch rack unit are 18 5 ⁄ 16 inches (18.3125 in or 465.1 mm) wide, center to center. Rack units are universally the same, but

4914-436: The type of thread can vary depending on the rack. Mounting rails can be No. 10-32 tapped ( Unified Thread Standard ), No. 12-24 tapped, metric M6 threaded or universal square holes. Universal square holes are becoming the most common as these allow the insertion of replaceable cage nuts for the type of thread needed. This prevents stripping of the threading on the rails and allows for more flexibility. Whereas there

4992-406: The unit of height; it also defines a similar unit, horizontal pitch (HP), used to measure the width of rack-mounted equipment. The standard was adopted worldwide as IEC 60297 Mechanical structures for electronic equipment – Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series , and defines the sizes for rack, subrack (a shelf-like chassis in which cards can be inserted), and

5070-422: Was a " Deschutes " Pentium II (and shared the same product code: 80523) with a full-speed 512 kB (1 kB = 1024 B), 1 MB (1 MB = 1024 kB = 1024 B), or 2 MB L2 cache . The L2 cache was implemented with custom 512 kB SRAMs developed by Intel. The number of SRAMs depended on the amount of cache. A 512 kB configuration required one SRAM, a 1 MB configuration: two SRAMs, and

5148-496: Was almost always outperformed by the older Cascades cores with a 2 MB L2 cache and AMD's Athlon MP . Combined with the need to use expensive Rambus Dynamic RAM , the Foster's sales were somewhat unimpressive . At most two Foster processors could be accommodated in a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system built with a mainstream chipset, so a second version ( Foster MP ) was introduced with 512 KB or 1 MB L3 cache and

5226-424: Was an MP version of Nocona , while the more expensive " Potomac " was a Cranford with 8 MB of L3 cache. Like Nocona and Irwindale, they also have product code 80546. The first dual-core CPU branded Xeon, codenamed Paxville DP , product code 80551, was released by Intel on October 10, 2005. Paxville DP had NetBurst microarchitecture , and was a dual-core equivalent of the single-core Irwindale (related to

5304-618: Was based on the Pentium III " Coppermine " core. The " Cascades " Xeon used a 133 MT/s front side bus and relatively small 256 kB on-die L2 cache resulting in almost the same capabilities as the Slot 1 Coppermine processors, which were capable of dual-processor operation but not quad-processor or octa-processor operation. To improve this situation, Intel released another version, officially also named " Cascades ", but often referred to as " Cascades 2 MB ". That came in two variants: with 1 MB or 2 MB of L2 cache. Its bus speed

5382-524: Was designed to emulate the Core i3, i5, i7 and i9 branding that Intel had been using for its desktop processors. Some shortcomings that make Xeon processors unsuitable for most consumer-grade desktop PCs include lower clock rates at the same price point (since servers run more tasks in parallel than desktops, core counts are more important than clock rates), and, usually, the lack of an integrated graphics processing unit (GPU). Processor models prior to Sapphire Rapids-WS lack support for overclocking (with

5460-404: Was established as a standard by AT&T around 1922 in order to reduce the space required for repeater and termination equipment in a telephone company central office . A typical full-size rack is 42U, which means it holds just over 6 feet (180 cm) of equipment, and a typical "half-height" rack is 18–22U, which is around 3 feet (91 cm) high. The mounting-hole distance (as shown to

5538-458: Was fixed at 100 MT/s, though in practice the cache was able to offset this. The product code for Cascades mirrored that of Coppermine ; 80526. In mid-2001, the Xeon brand was introduced ("Pentium" was dropped from the name). The initial variant that used the new NetBurst microarchitecture , " Foster ", was slightly different from the desktop Pentium 4 (" Willamette "). It was a decent chip for workstations, but for server applications it

5616-507: Was introduced in June 1998. Xeon processors are based on the same architecture as regular desktop-grade CPUs, but have advanced features such as support for error correction code (ECC) memory , higher core counts, more PCI Express lanes, support for larger amounts of RAM, larger cache memory and extra provision for enterprise-grade reliability, availability and serviceability (RAS) features responsible for handling hardware exceptions through

5694-548: Was limited to 16 GB of memory. A planned successor, codenamed " Merom MP " was to be a drop-in upgrade to enable Sossaman -based servers to upgrade to 64-bit capability. However, this was abandoned in favor of low-voltage versions of the Woodcrest LV processor leaving the Sossaman at a dead-end with no upgrade path. The 3000 series, codenamed Conroe (product code 80557) dual-core Xeon (branded) CPU, released at

5772-556: Was redesigned for a slot-loading optical drive. A new model, the Xserve Cluster node was announced at the same price as the single-processor Xserve, featuring two 1.33 GHz processors, no optical drive, a single hard drive bay , no video or Ethernet cards, and a 10-client version of "Jaguar" server. On April 2, 2003 the Xserve RAID was introduced, providing a much higher capacity and higher throughput disk subsystem for

5850-517: Was released in early 2005, with 2 MB L2 cache and the ability to have its clock speed reduced during low processor demand. Although it was a bit more competitive than the Nocona had been, independent tests showed that AMD's Opteron still outperformed Irwindale . Both of these Prescott-derived Xeons have the product code 80546. 64-bit Xeon MPs were introduced in April 2005. The cheaper " Cranford "

5928-575: Was released in two lines: the N-line uses a 667 MT/s FSB, and the M-line uses an 800 MT/s FSB. The N-line ranges from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz (model numbers 7110N-7150N), and the M-line ranges from 2.6 GHz to 3.4 GHz (model numbers 7110M-7140M). L3 cache ranges from 4 MB to 16 MB across the models. On May 23, 2006, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5000 series) codenamed Dempsey (product code 80555). Released as

6006-414: Was updated to ship standard with Mac OS X Server 10.6 Unlimited Client Server. In addition to improved functionality Mac OS X 10.6 Server added support for up to 96 GB of RAM. On November 5, 2010, Apple announced that it would not be developing a future version of Xserve. While accepting orders for the current model until January 31, 2011, and "honoring" all Xserve warranties and extended support programs,

6084-487: Was updated with Intel Xeon (' Harpertown ') processors, faster memory, and a maximum storage capacity of 3 TB when used with three 1 TB drives. The front-mounted FireWire 400 port featured in previous models was also replaced with a USB 2.0 port. The Xserve RAID was discontinued on February 19, 2008. On April 7, 2009 Xserve was updated to use Intel Xeon (' Gainestown ') processors, DDR3 memory, and NVIDIA graphics with Mini DisplayPort output. The update also saw an increase to

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