Emperor Shun ( Chinese : 帝舜 ; pinyin : Dì Shùn ) was a legendary leader of ancient China , regarded by some sources as one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors being the last of the Five Emperors. Tradition holds that he lived sometime between 2294 and 2184 BC. Tradition also holds that those with the surname Hu (胡) are descendants of Emperor Shun. The Duke Hu of Chen , 胡公滿 , a descendant of Shun, became the founder of the State of Chen . Later Chen dynasty emperors such as Chen Baxian would also claim descent from Shun.
31-468: Shun's clan name ( 姓 ) is Yao ( 姚 ), his lineage name ( 氏 ) is Youyu ( 有虞 ). His given name was Chonghua ( 重華 ). Shun is sometimes referred to as the Great Shun ( 大舜 ) or as Yu Shun or Shun of Yu ( 虞舜 ), "Yu" being the name of his fief, which he received from Yao . According to traditional sources, Shun received the mantle of leadership from Emperor Yao at the age of 53, and then died at
62-489: A fishing village, the people there were at first fighting amongst themselves over the fishing grounds, and many people were injured or killed in the fights. Shun taught them how to share and allocate the fishing resources, and soon the village was prospering and all hostilities ceased. When Emperor Yao became old, he became distressed over the fact that his nine sons were all useless, only knew how to spend their days enjoying themselves with wine and song. Yao asked his ministers,
93-514: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Biographies of Exemplary Women The Biographies of Exemplary Women ( Chinese : 列女傳 ) is a book compiled by the Han dynasty scholar Liu Xiang c. 18 BCE . It includes 125 biographical accounts of exemplary women in ancient China, taken from early Chinese histories including Chunqiu , Zuozhuan , and the Records of
124-826: Is one of the most ancient Chinese surnames , the " Eight Great Xings of High Antiquity ". It is also unique that, along with Jiang 姜 it is still in common use in the modern day. It is listed 101st in the Hundred Family Surnames , and as the 51st most common surname in Mainland China . Alternate spellings [ edit ] Mandarin : Yao Cantonese : Iu, Yiu Min Nan ( Hokkien ( Fujian )/ Teochew ): Lao, Lau, Yeow Vietnamese : Diêu, Dao Korean : Yo Japanese : Yō Singapore : Yow, Yeo, Iau Malaysia : Yeow Prominent people [ edit ] Yao [ edit ] Yao Chonghua ,
155-600: Is sometimes understood as liènǚ (烈女 "women martyrs"), which Neo-Confucianists used to mean a "woman who commits suicide after her husband's death rather than remarry; [a] woman who dies defending her honor." The online Chinese Text Initiative at the University of Virginia provides an e-text edition of the Lienü Zhuan , including both digitized Chinese content and images of a Song dynasty woodblock edition with illustrations by Gu Kaizhi ( c. 344 -405 CE) of
186-616: Is the Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation of 胡 Hú . Hồ Quý Ly , the founder of the Hồ dynasty , also claimed descent from Duke Hu of Chen and thereby direct descent from Shun. The Hồ family in Vietnam originated from China's Zhejiang province around the 900s. Tian (田) and Yuan (袁) also claim descent from the State of Chen . It is thought by some scholars that Mencius asserted "Shun
217-521: The Four Mountains , to propose a suitable successor. Yao then heard of Shun's tales. Wise Yao did not want to simply believe in the tales about Shun, so he decided to test Shun. Yao gave a district to Shun to govern and married his two daughters to him, with a small dowry of a new house and some money. Though given an office and money, Shun still lived humbly. He continued to work in the fields every day. Shun even managed to convince his two brides,
248-1134: The Gang of Four MC HotDog (born name as Yao Chung-jen), Taiwanese rapper Yao Beina , Chinese singer Yao Chen , Chinese actress Yao Jen-to , Vice Chairperson and Secretary-General of Straits Exchange Foundation of the Republic of China Yao Leeh-ter , Political Deputy Minister of Education of the Republic of China (2017–2019) Yao Mingming , Former member of K-pop group BLK and C-pop Group UNINE Yao Wenlong , Malaysia born Singapore actor Yiu [ edit ] Claire Yiu , Hong Kong actress Edward Yiu , Hong Kong scholar and politician Raymond Yiu , Hong Kong composer Yiu Cheuk Yin , Hong Kong footballer Yiu Ho Ming , Hong Kong footballer Yiu Si-wing , Hong Kong lawmaker Chantel Yiu , Hong Kong singer and actress Yeow [ edit ] Yeow Chai Thiam , Malaysian politician. References [ edit ] ^ Southern Song 《通志·氏族略》records：「姚姓，虞之姓也，虞帝生於姚墟，故因生以為姓」 ^ "公安部统计分析显示：王姓成为我国第一大姓" . 2007-04-29. Archived from
279-573: The surname Yao . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yao_(surname)&oldid=1253091736 " Categories : Surnames Chinese-language surnames Individual Chinese surnames Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity Hidden categories: Articles containing Chinese-language text Articles with short description Short description
310-403: The two princesses , Yao's daughters, named Ehuang (Fairy Radiance) and Nüying (Maiden Bloom), who were used to good living, to live humbly and work along the people. However, Shun's stepmother and half brother became extremely jealous and conspired to kill Shun. Once Shun's half brother Xiang lit a barn on fire, and convinced Shun to climb onto the roof to put the fire out, but then Xiang took away
341-534: The Ancestral Temple to perform religious ceremonies, Hui as Director of Music, Long as Minister of Communications to counter deceptions and false reports. According to the Canon of Shun , Shun began to reign at the age of 30, reigned with Yao for 30 years, and reigned 50 more years after Yao's abdication, then Shun died. The Bamboo Annals state that Yao chose Shun as his heir three years before abdicating
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#1732781139657372-586: The Grand Historian . The book served as a standard Confucianist textbook for the moral education of women in traditional China for two millennia. The idealized biographies are divided into eight scrolls, including the eighth addendum from an unknown editor, as shown below. This book follows the lièzhuàn (列傳 "arrayed biographies") biographical format established by the Chinese historian Sima Qian . The word liènǚ (列女 "famous women in history")
403-614: The age of 100 years. Before his death Shun is recorded as relinquishing his seat of power to Yu ( 禹 ), the founder of the Xia dynasty . Shun's capital was located in Puban ( 蒲阪 ), presently located in Shanxi ). Under Emperor Yao, Shun was appointed successively Minister of Instruction, General Regulator and chief of the Four Peaks , and put all affairs in proper order within three years. Yao
434-471: The country. But unfortunately, he died suddenly of an illness on the journey near the Xiang River . Both his wives rushed from home to his body, and wept by the river for days. Their tears turned into blood and stained the reeds by the river. From that day on, the bamboo of that region became red-spotted, which explains the origin of spotted bamboo . Then overcome by grief, both women threw themselves into
465-720: The 💕 Yao [REDACTED] Yao surname in regular script Pronunciation Yáo (Pinyin) Iâu ( Pe̍h-ōe-jī ) Language(s) Chinese Origin Language(s) Old Chinese Word/name Henan Fan County or Shandong Other names Variant form(s) Yao (Mandarin) Yiu (Cantonese) Lao, Lau, Yeow ( Hokkien ) Diêu, Dao (Vietnamese) Yo (Korean) Yō (Japanese) Yao ( Chinese : 姚 ; pinyin : Yáo ), also romanized as Yiu in Cantonese ,
496-406: The hard work in the family and only giving him the worst food and clothing. Shun's father, being blind and elderly, was often ignorant of Shun's good deeds and always blamed Shun for everything. Yet, despite these conditions, Shun never complained and always treated his father, his stepmother, and his half brother with kindness and respect. When he was barely an adult, his stepmother threw him out of
527-444: The host of spirits ( 神 ). Then he toured the eastern, the southern, the western, and the northern parts of the country; in each place he offered burnt-offering to Heaven at each of the four peaks ( Mount Tai , Mount Huang , Mount Hua and Mount Heng ), sacrificed to the hills and rivers, set in accord the seasons, months, and days, established uniform measurements of length and capacities, and reinforced ceremonial laws. Shun divided
558-415: The house. Shun was forced to live on his own. Yet, because of his compassionate nature and his natural leadership skills, everywhere he went, people followed him, and he was able to organize the people to be kind to each other and do the best they could. When Shun first went to a village that produced pottery, after less than one year, the pottery became more beautiful than they had ever been. When Shun went to
589-450: The ladder, trapping Shun on the burning roof. Shun skilfully made a parachute out of his hat and cloth and jumped down in safety. Another time, Xiang and his mother conspired to get Shun drunk and then throw him into a dried-up well and then bury him with rocks and dirt. Shun's half-sister, never approving of her mother and brother's schemes, told Shun's wives about the scheme. Shun thus prepared himself. Shun pretended to get drunk, and when he
620-481: The land into twelve provinces, raising altars upon twelve hills, and deepening the rivers. Shun dealt with Four Perils : banishing Gonggong to You Prefecture , confining Huan-dou (驩兜) on Mount Chong (宗山), executing or imprisoning Gun a prisoner till his death on Feather Mountain ( 羽 ), and driving the San-Miao into San-Wei . Gun's son, Yu ( 禹 ), was subsequently appointed as minister of work(共工) to govern
651-503: The latter's grandson Emperor Zhuanxu . The Bamboo Annals (048) recorded the name of Shun's mother as Wodeng ( 握登 ), and Shun's birthplace as Yaoxu ( 姚墟 ). Wodeng died when Shun was very young. Shun's blind father Gusou ( 瞽叟 , literally: "blind elder") remarried soon after Shun's mother's death. Shun's stepmother then gave birth to Shun's half brother Xiang ( 象 ) and a half-sister ( Liènǚ Zhuàn , Ch. 1). Shun's stepmother and half brother treated Shun terribly, often forcing Shun to do all
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#1732781139657682-558: The name of Emperor Shun of pre-dynastic China, one of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors Yao Chang , founding emperor of the Later Qin Dynasty Yao Ming , Chinese professional basketball player and humanitarian Andrew Yao , Chinese computer scientist and A.M. Turing Award laureate Jianping Yao , Canadian engineer Yao Defen , former world's tallest woman Yao Wenyuan , member of
713-1652: The original on 2007-04-29 . Retrieved 2022-07-25 . v t e 100 most common family names in mainland China (2020) 1–25 Wáng 王 Lǐ 李 Zhāng 张/張 Liú 刘/劉 Chén 陈/陳 Yáng 杨/杨 Huáng 黄/黃 Zhào 赵 Wú 吴/吳 Zhōu 周 Xú 徐 Sūn 孙/孫 Mǎ 马/馬 Zhū 朱 Hú 胡 Guō 郭 Hé 何 Lín 林 Luó 罗/羅 Gāo 高 Zhèng 郑/鄭 Liáng 梁 Xiè 谢/謝 Sòng 宋 Táng 唐 26–50 Xǔ 许/許 Hán 韩/韓 Dèng 邓/鄧 Féng 冯/馮 Cáo 曹 Péng 彭 Zēng 曾 Xiāo 萧/蕭 Tián 田 Dǒng 董 Pān 潘 Yuán 袁 Cài 蔡 Jiǎng 蒋/蔣 Yú 余 Yú 于 Dù 杜 Yè 叶/葉 Chéng 程 Wèi 魏 Sū 苏/蘇 Lǚ 吕/呂 Dīng 丁 Rén 任 Lú 卢/盧 51–75 Yáo 姚 Shěn 沈/沉 Zhōng 钟/鍾 Jiāng 姜 Cuī 崔 Tán 谭/譚 Lù 陆/陸 Fàn 范 Wāng 汪 Liào 廖 Shí 石 Jīn 金 Wéi 韦/韋 Jiǎ 贾/賈 Xià 夏 Fù 傅 Fāng 方 Zōu 邹/鄒 Xióng 熊 Bái 白 Mèng 孟 Qín 秦 Qiū 邱 Hóu 侯 Jiāng 江 76–100 Yǐn 尹 Xuē 薛 Yán 阎/閻 Duàn 段 Léi 雷 Lóng 龙/龍 Lí 黎 Shǐ 史 Táo 陶 Hè 贺/賀 Máo 毛 Hǎo 郝 Gù 顾/顧 Gōng 龚/龔 Shào 邵 Wàn 万/萬 Qín 覃 Wǔ 武 Qián 钱/錢 Dài 戴 Yán 严/嚴 Mò 莫 Kǒng 孔 Xiàng 向 Cháng 常 Related Hundred Family Surnames List of common Chinese surnames 101–200 Most Common Family Names in mainland China [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
744-504: The river and drowned. Shun considered his son, Shangjun ( 商均 ), as unworthy and picked Yu , the tamer of floods, as his heir. According to tradition, the Hu people are believed to be descendants of Emperor Shun. Gui Man , a direct descendant of Shun, became known as Chen Hugong or Duke Hu of Chen , meaning Duke Hu who founded the State of Chen . Later Chen dynasty emperors such as Chen Baxian would also claim descent from Shun. Hồ
775-593: The throne to him. Both sources agree that after abdicating, Yao lived for another 28 years in retirement during Shun's reign. In later centuries, Yao and Shun were glorified for their virtue by Confucian philosophers. Shun was particularly renowned for his modesty and filial piety (xiao 孝 ). Sima Qian claimed in Annals of the Five Emperors ( 五帝本紀 ) that Shun descended from the Yellow Emperor through
806-466: The water and the land. Later, Shun appointed Yu to be General Regulator (Prime Minister). Yu wished to decline in favour of the Minister of Agriculture , or Xie (契), or Gao Yao , but finally accepted upon Shun's insistence. Shun then appointed Chui (垂) as the new minister of work (共工). Shun also appointed Yi as Minister of Animal Husbandry to govern the beasts and trees of the land, Bo-yi as Priest of
837-686: Was an Eastern barbarian ; he was born in Chu Feng, moved to Fu Hsia, and died in Ming T'iao and that emperor Yao came to his field's with oxs and married his daughters to him and appointed him and that he did not reign as emperor until after yao died because they cannot be two rulers. Additionally, the Bamboo Annals and Han Fei paint a very different picture of Shun. Both the Annals and the book Han Feizi stated that Shun overthrew Yao and left him in prison to die. Danzhu , Yao's son and rightful heir,
868-772: Was banished and later defeated in battle. In addition, Han Fei stated that Yu then rebelled and banished Shun. This account was referenced in Li Bai 's poem "Distant Parting" (遠別離). Han Fei also mentioned that Shun personally settled land and water disputes among farmers and fishermen by cohabitating with them. Three Exalted Ones: Suiren · Fuxi · Taihao · Nüwa · Zhurong · Shennong · Yandi · Gonggong · Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) Four Perils: Gonggong · Huandou · Gun · Sanmiao · Hundun · Qiongqi · Taowu · Taotie Five Primal Emperors: Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) · Shaohao · Zhuanxu · Ku · Zhi · Yao · Shun Yao (surname) From Misplaced Pages,
899-406: Was so impressed that he appointed Shun as his successor to the throne. Shun wished to decline in favour of someone more virtuous, but eventually assumed Yao's duties. It was said that "those who had to try a lawsuit did not go to Danzhu , but to Shun." Danzhu was the son of Yao. After ascending to the throne, Shun offered sacrifices to the god Shang Di ( 上帝 ), as well as to the hills, rivers, and
930-499: Was thrown into the well, he had already a tunnel pre-dug to escape to the surface. Thus, Shun survived many attempts on his life. Yet, he never blamed his stepmother or his half brother, and forgave them every time. Eventually, Shun's stepmother and half brother repented their past wrongs. Shun wholeheartedly forgave them both, and even helped Xiang get an office. Shun also managed to influence Emperor Yao's 9 worthless sons into becoming useful contributing members of society. Emperor Yao
961-509: Was very impressed by all of Shun's achievements, and thus chose Shun as his successor and put him on the throne in the year of Jiwei ( 己未 ). Yao's capital was in Ji ( 冀 ) which in modern times is also in Shanxi province. Shun is also renowned as the originator of the music called Dashao ( 大韶 ), a symphony of nine Chinese musical instruments . In the last year of Shun's reign, Shun decided to tour