79-909: Centro Escolar University ( Filipino : Pamantasang Centro Escolar ; Spanish : Universidad Centro Escolar ), commonly referred to as CEU , is a private, non-sectarian, coeducational institution of higher education located in Manila, Philippines . Founded in 1907 by Librada Avelino and Carmen de Luna , CEU is recognized as one of the oldest modern universities in the Philippines. It operates six campuses, including its main campus in San Miguel, Manila , with additional campuses in Malolos , Las Piñas , Cebu City , and two in Makati ( Gil Puyat and Legaspi). CEU offers more than fifty academic programs and
158-556: A "Modernizing the Language Approach Movement" (MOLAM). Lacuesta hosted a number of "anti-purist" conferences and promoted a "Manila Lingua Franca" which would be more inclusive of loanwords of both foreign and local languages. Lacuesta managed to get nine congressmen to propose a bill aiming to abolish the SWP with an Akademia ng Wikang Filipino , to replace the balarila with a Gramatica ng Wikang Filipino , to replace
237-517: A common Malayo-Polynesian language due to the Austronesian migration from Taiwan. The common Malayo-Polynesian language split into different languages, and usually through the Malay language, the lingua franca of maritime Southeast Asia, these were able to adopt terms that ultimately originate from other languages such as Japanese , Hokkien , Sanskrit , Tamil , and Arabic . The Malay language
316-585: A common national language, termed Filipino , to replace Pilipino. Neither the original nor the amended version specified either Tagalog or Pilipino as the basis for Filipino; Instead, tasking the National Assembly to: take steps toward the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino. In 1987, a new constitution designated Filipino as the national language and, along with English, as an official language. That constitution included several provisions related to
395-583: A historian and lawyer; Manuel Ravago [ es ] , a journalist and orator; and Alberto Campos, a former soldier of the Spanish army, and a journalist and educator. Soon after proposing his candidates, Salas withdrew his capital and ceased his involvement with the school. The idea behind the school was to offer girls the same opportunities as boys in education. At a time when few opportunities for girls' education existed, Avelino argued that women's responsibility for raising children required them to have
474-635: A private school, the institution was not compelled to comply with the Department of Public Instruction requirement for teaching in English, and chose to present bilingual classes to accommodate those students who did not have full command of English. As one of the leading feminists of the period, when Carrie Chapman Catt and Aletta Jacobs visited the Philippines in 1912, Avelino met with them during one of their scheduled stops. Short on space, Avelino began buying up adjoining properties to increase both
553-627: A resolution on November 9, 1937 recommending Tagalog to be basis of the national language. On December 30, President Quezon issued Executive Order No. 134, s. 1937, approving the adoption of Tagalog as the language of the Philippines, and proclaimed the national language of the Philippines so based on the Tagalog language. Quezon himself was born and raised in Baler, Aurora , which is a native Tagalog-speaking area. The order stated that it would take effect two years from its promulgation. On December 31 of
632-763: A school in the capital, she operated until the Spain ceded the country to the United States and the educational authorities changed the requirements, implementing English language curricula. To learn English, she agreed to take a post as principal of the Pandacan Girls' School, believing that teaching the language would help her learn it faster. She also took English classes and studied English briefly in Hong Kong in 1901. In 1907, Avelino joined her friend Carmen de Luna and lawyer/educator Fernando Salas to found
711-628: A school, when she came out of mourning in 1907, Avelino sought the advice of Fernando Salas, a lawyer from a family of educators, and her friend Carmen de Luna. They decided to invest in opening a school in Manila which would be called the Centro Escolar de Señoritas (Central School of Ladies), modeled after a school Salas was running the Centro Escolar de Varones . (Central School of Men). Each contributed ₱ 250 and used it to found
790-429: A week and was known as Linggo ng Wika (Language Week). The celebration coincides with the month of birth of President Manuel L. Quezon, regarded as the "Ama ng Wikang Pambansa" (Father of the national language). In 1946, Proclamation No. 35 of March 26 provided for a week-long celebration of the national language. this celebration would last from March 27 until April 2 each year, the last day coinciding with birthday of
869-824: A wide range of courses on numerous campuses. In 2005, President Gloria Macapagal proclaimed the country's Centennial of the Feminist Movement and Avelino was honored with the Champion of the Feminist Movement Award. There are memorials throughout the country which honor Avelino: a street in Pandacan bears her name, as does an elementary school in Tondo; and an auditorium and statue at the Centro Escolar University. There
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#1732794096478948-581: Is a language under the Austronesian language family . It is the national language ( Wikang pambansa / Pambansang wika ) of the Philippines , lingua franca (Karaniwang wika), and one of the two official languages ( Wikang opisyal / Opisyal na wika ) of the country, with English . It is a standardized variety of the native language Tagalog , spoken and written in Metro Manila ,
1027-801: Is a translation of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . Usually, the diacritics are not written, and the syntax and grammar are based on that of Tagalog . the General Assembly proclaims this UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among
1106-657: Is actively involved in research across a range of disciplines. CEU is accredited by the Federation of Accrediting Agencies of the Philippines and the Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities' Commission on Accreditation (Level IV, the highest level), and has full autonomous status from the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). It is certified by the Institute of Corporate Directors ,
1185-592: Is also a plaza in Manila named after her. Originally the space known as the Rotonda de Sampaloc housed the Carriedo Fountain and contained a roundabout . After urbanization in the 1960s and 1970s, it became the junction point of Jose Laurel Street , Lacson Avenue , Legarda Street , and Magsaysay Boulevard and is known better as the Rotonda or Nagtahan Interchange , though the police station known as
1264-859: Is also an Integrated School at CEU, which was established upon the university's founding. It was removed from the Mendiola campus in the mid-1990s and in Malolos in 2004 after nearly 100 years open. It was revived starting in the 2014-2015 academic year as the Centro Escolar Integrated School (CEIS) and is offered in Manila, Malolos, and Makati. There have been seven presidents in the history of CEU: Librada Avelino (1907-1934); Carmen de Luna (1934-1962); Pilar Hidalgo-Lim (1962-1972); Dionisio Tiongco (1972-1992); Lourdes Talagechauz (1992-2002); Rosita L. Navarro (2002-2006); and Cristina Padolina (2006-present). CEU has six campuses:
1343-462: Is also common among Austronesian languages. It has head-initial directionality. It is an agglutinative language but can also display inflection . It is not a tonal language and can be considered a pitch-accent language and a syllable-timed language. It has nine basic parts of speech . The Philippines is a multilingual state with 175 living languages originating and spoken by various ethno-linguistic groups. Many of these languages descend from
1422-600: Is argued that current state of the Filipino language is contrary to the intention of Republic Act (RA) No. 7104 that requires that the national language be developed and enriched by the lexicon of the country's other languages. It is further argued that, while the official view (shared by the government, the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino , and a number of educators) is that Filipino and Tagalog are considered separate languages, in practical terms, Filipino may be considered
1501-401: Is frequently used. While the word Tagalista literally means "one who specializes in Tagalog language or culture" or a "Tagalog specialist", in the context of the debates on the national language and " Imperial Manila ", the word Tagalista is used as a reference to "people who promote or would promote the primacy of Tagalog at the expense of [the] other [Philippine] indigenous tongues". This
1580-485: Is that speech variety spoken in Metro Manila and other urban centers where different ethnic groups meet. It is the most prestigious variety of Tagalog and the language used by the national mass media. The other yardstick for distinguishing a language from a dialect is: different grammar, different language. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog" share identical grammar. They have the same determiners (ang, ng and sa);
1659-414: Is the indigenous written and spoken language of Metro Manila and other urban centers in the Philippines used as the language of communication of ethnic groups . However, as with the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions, 92-1 went neither so far as to categorically identify, nor so far as to dis-identify this language as Tagalog. Definite, absolute, and unambiguous interpretation of 92–1 is the prerogative of
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#17327940964781738-650: The Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino Language, or KWF), superseding the Institute of Philippine Languages. The KWF reports directly to the President and was tasked to undertake, coordinate and promote researches for the development, propagation and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages. On May 13, 1992, the commission issued Resolution 92-1, specifying that Filipino
1817-479: The American colonial period , English became an additional official language of the Philippines alongside Spanish; however, the number of speakers of Spanish steadily decreased. The United States initiated policies that led to the gradual removal of Spanish from official use in the Philippines. This was not done through an outright ban, but rather through a strategic shift in language policy that promoted English as
1896-553: The Assumption Convent , which allowed her to earn a certificate to teach high school in 1893. During her courses, Avelino met Carmen de Luna , who would become her collaborator and companion for the rest of her life. Activities at Avelino's school initially continued at the onset of the Philippine Revolution in 1896, but when the United States forces arrived in Pandacan, she suspended her courses. On
1975-697: The Balarílà ng Wikang Pambansâ (English: Grammar of the National Language ) of grammarian Lope K. Santos introduced the 20-letter Abakada alphabet which became the standard of the national language. The alphabet was officially adopted by the Institute for the Tagalog-Based National Language. In 1959, the language became known as Pilipino in an effort to disassociate it from the Tagalog ethnic group . The changing of
2054-427: The Centro Escolar de Señoritas , a school which organized courses from kindergarten through high school for girls. The school was the first non- parochial institution in the country and based its curriculum on a modern, liberal model, attempting to equalize the education of girls with what was offered to boys. As the school grew, additional buildings were acquired for lectures and dormitories and by 1921 Avelino expanded
2133-726: The Department of Trade and Industry , SGS S.A. , Arthram International Organization for Standardization , and the ASEAN University Network . In 2006, CEU won the Papal Award Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice . In 2022, CEU was awarded with the Safety Seal from the Department of the Interior and Local Government . CEU was established in 1907 by pedagogists Librada Avelino and Carmen de Luna as
2212-547: The Mariano Marcos State University in Batac, Ilocos Norte, that Filipino was simply Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with as yet no grammatical element or lexicon coming from Ilokano , Cebuano , Hiligaynon , or any of the other Philippine languages . He said further that this is contrary to the intention of Republic Act No. 7104, which requires that the national language be developed and enriched by
2291-1047: The National Capital Region Athletic Association and have played competitions in the Philippine Basketball Association D-League, Breakdown, and the Philippine Basketball League . The men's basketball team on the Malolos campus have been part of the Bulacan Collegiate Athletic Association and Private Schools Athletic Association . Recent coaches of men's basketball include Derrick Pumaren (2018-2019), Jeff Napa (2020), and Chico Manabat (2020–present). Filipino language Filipino ( English: / ˌ f ɪ l ɪ ˈ p iː n oʊ / , FIH-lih-PEE-noh ; Wikang Filipino , [ˈwi.kɐŋ fi.liˈpi.no̞] )
2370-713: The Supreme Court in the absence of directives from the KWF, otherwise the sole legal arbiter of the Filipino language. Filipino was presented and registered with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), by Ateneo de Manila University student Martin Gomez, and was added to the ISO registry of languages on September 21, 2004, with it receiving the ISO 639-2 code fil . On August 22, 2007, it
2449-466: The 20-letter Abakada with a 32-letter alphabet, and to prohibit the creation of neologisms and the respelling of loanwords. This movement quietened down following the death of Lacuesta. The national language issue was revived once more during the 1971 Constitutional Convention . While there was a sizable number of delegates in favor of retaining the Tagalog-based national language, majority of
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2528-629: The Centro Escolar de Señoritas, based in Parañaque . Its main purpose was to teach "ideal womanhood, intelligent citizenry, and democratic leadership that would instill in the tenets of science and virtue." At the time of its establishment, it was the first non-sectarian women's educational institution in the Philippines (now a coeducational educational institution). It founded the College of Pharmacy in 1921, pioneering medical education in
2607-523: The Filipino language. Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that: as Filipino evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages. And also states in the article: Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain
2686-422: The Filipino writer Francisco Baltazar , author of the Tagalog epic Florante at Laura . In 1954, Proclamation No. 12 of March 26 provided that the week of celebration would be from March 29 to April 4 every year. This proclamation was amended the following year by President Ramon Magsaysay by Proclamation No. 186 of September 23, moving the dates of celebration to August 13–19, every year. Now coinciding with
2765-536: The Gonzalez family to Hong Kong , where she studied for half the year, but had to return due to illness of one of their party. Upon her return, she resumed her duties as school principal, but conflict with the American principal of the boys' school, caused her to resign her position at the end of the 1906 term. The insurrection continued until 1902, and Avelino's step-mother died in 1905. Still longing to open
2844-500: The Institute of National Language (later the Surián ng Wikang Pambansâ or SWP) and tasking it with making a study and survey of each existing native language, hoping to choose which was to be the base for a standardized national language. Later, President Manuel L. Quezon later appointed representatives for each major regional language to form the NLI. Led by Jaime C. De Veyra , who sat as
2923-489: The National Capital Region, and in other urban centers of the archipelago. The 1987 Constitution mandates that Filipino be further enriched and developed by the other languages of the Philippines . Filipino, like other Austronesian languages, commonly uses verb-subject-object order, but can also use subject-verb-object order. Filipino follows the trigger system of morphosyntactic alignment that
3002-599: The Philippine islands started in 1565 with the fall of Cebu. The eventual capital established by Spain for its settlement in the Philippines was Manila , situated in a Tagalog-speaking region, after the capture of Manila from the Muslim Kingdom of Luzon ruled by Raja Matanda with the heir apparent Raja Sulayman and the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom of Tondo ruled by Lakan Dula . After its fall to
3081-480: The Philippines provided that: The National Assembly shall take steps toward the development and adoption of a common national language based on one of the existing native languages. Until otherwise provided by law, English and Spanish shall continue as official languages. On November 13, 1936, the first National Assembly of the Philippine Commonwealth approved Commonwealth Act No. 184; creating
3160-610: The Philippines which bear her name. The Centro Escolar University bestows an award in her honor to Asian women who are recognized leaders. The school which she founded has continued to offer education for over 100 years. Librada Avelino Mañgali was born on January 17, 1873, in Quiapo, Manila , in the Philippine Islands , then part of the Spanish Empire , to Francisca Mañgali and Pedro Avelino. Soon after her birth,
3239-518: The Philippines. Subsequently, the Colleges of Liberal Arts, Education, Business, Dentistry, and Optometry were also established one after another. It began operating as a university in 1930 and in 1932 was converted into a corporation for financial reasons. Its name was then changed to Centro Escolar University, which still holds today. In 2009, the School of Law and Jurisprudence was established. There
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3318-869: The Spaniards, Manila was made the capital of the Spanish settlement in Asia due to the city's commercial wealth and influence, its strategic location, and Spanish fears of raids from the Portuguese and the Dutch. The first dictionary of Tagalog, published as the Vocabulario de la lengua tagala , was written by the Franciscan Pedro de San Buenaventura, and published in 1613 by the "Father of Filipino Printing" Tomás Pinpin in Pila , Laguna . A latter book of
3397-400: The Spanish era. Upon receipt of her diploma, Avelino, with the support of her father and step-mother, opened a free school in Pandacan. She modeled it on Lopez's school and trained students for the teaching examination. As the school grew rapidly, to further her own education, Avelino studied dressmaking and embroidery at the Concordia College and then took a course offered by the sisters of
3476-399: The advice of her father, she fled to Manila days before her hometown was reduced to ashes by the invading soldiers. By the time her family, which included three step-siblings, was able to join her, they had lost their home, as well as their business in the conflict. Assisted by brothers Vicente and Lucas Gonzalez, Avelino was loaned a property in Santa Cruz in which to reopen her school. As
3555-476: The birthday of President Manuel L. Quezon. The reason for the move being given that the original celebration was a period "outside of the school year, thereby precluding the participation of schools in its celebration". In 1988, President Corazon Aquino signed Proclamation No. 19, reaffirming the celebration every August 13 to 19. In 1997, the celebration was extended from a week to a month by Proclamation 1041 of July 15 signed by President Fidel V. Ramos . It
3634-445: The chair of the Institute and as the representative of Samar-Leyte-Visayans , the Institute's members were composed of Santiago A. Fonacier (representing the Ilokano-speaking regions ), Filemon Sotto (the Cebu-Visayans ), Casimiro Perfecto (the Bikolanos ), Felix S. Sales Rodriguez (the Panay-Visayans ), Hadji Butu (the languages of Muslim Filipinos ), and Cecilio Lopez (the Tagalogs ). The Institute of National Language adopted
3713-461: The delegates who were non-Tagalogs were even in favor of scrapping the idea of a "national language" altogether. A compromise was reached and the wording on the 1973 constitution made no mention of dropping the national language Pilipino or made any mention of Tagalog. Instead, the 1973 Constitution , in both its original form and as amended in 1976, designated English and Pilipino as official languages and provided for development and formal adoption of
3792-627: The education needed to instill moral responsibility and patriotism to keep the country free. Her shrewd merging of girls' education and nationalist interests swayed fathers with daughters on more than one occasion to send them to her school. The Centro Escolar de Señoritas was the first non-sectarian school in the country. Once the basic staff had been recruited, the school began operations under Avelino's leadership, accepting boarders , half-boarders and day students for girls from kindergarten to high school with 27 students in June 1907. By 1910, there were over 300 students and by 1914 over 500. As
3871-405: The girls' school in Pandacan, believing she would learn faster by trying to teach the language to others. She was appointed as the first Filipina principal in the United States era. Simultaneously, she studied in the mornings with an American teacher, while also taking night courses in Sampaloc with tutor Mauricio Somosa to enhance her language skills. In 1901, though hostilities continued over
3950-430: The household, which consisted of her parents and her father's sister Juana Avelino, moved to Pandacan. Her father, an intellectual, worked in a pharmacy and also operated a store which sold sundries , including fabrics, needles and thread, cigars, and other items. When her father was working at the pharmacy, his sister Juana ran the store. Though her early education began at home, from five or six years old, Avelino, who
4029-498: The latest edition being published in 2013 in Manila. Spanish served in an official capacity as language of the government during the Spanish period. Spanish played a significant role in unifying the Philippines, a country made up of over 7,000 islands with a multitude of ethnicities, languages, and cultures. Before Spanish rule, the archipelago was not a unified nation, but rather a collection of independent kingdoms, sultanates, and tribes, each with its own language and customs. During
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#17327940964784108-401: The latter national. This is similar to the comparison between Castilian and Spanish , or Mandarin and Chinese . Political designations aside, Tagalog and Filipino are linguistically the same, sharing, among other things, the same grammatical structure. On May 23, 2007, Ricardo Maria Nolasco, KWF chair and a linguistics expert, acknowledged in a keynote speech during the NAKEM Conference at
4187-408: The lexicon of the country's other languages, something toward which the commission was working. On August 24, 2007, Nolasco elaborated further on the relationship between Tagalog and Filipino in a separate article, as follows: Are "Tagalog," "Pilipino" and "Filipino" different languages? No, they are mutually intelligible varieties, and therefore belong to one language. According to the KWF, Filipino
4266-401: The main campus in San Miguel, Manila; the Malolos campus; the Las Piñas campus; the Cebu campus; and the Makati campuses (Gil Puyat and Legaspi). In 2013, CEU expressed interest in expanding to Baguio and Davao City . The Graduate School was founded in 1926 during Avelino 's presidency, which is the main place for CEU to engage in academic research . CEU Graduate School is
4345-425: The municipal Santa Cruz School, but after one year transferred to the private institution run by Margarita Lopez in Tondo . The school was a preparatory institution which trained girls in the subjects needed for the teaching examination. After completing the courses in 1889, Avelino faced a jury and successfully passed the civil exam for elementary school teachers, becoming the first woman to receive certification in
4424-431: The name did not, however, result in universal acceptance among non- Tagalogs , especially Cebuanos who had previously not accepted the 1937 selection. The 1960s saw the rise of the purist movement where new words were being coined to replace loanwords. This era of "purism" by the SWP sparked criticisms by a number of persons. Two counter-movements emerged during this period of "purism": one campaigning against Tagalog and
4503-532: The number of lecture halls, as well as dormitory space. Around 1917, they moved to a newly built facility located at 2265 Azcarraga Street with over 650 students and by 1920 the school was the largest women's institution in the country. By 1921, Avelino was determined to launch a university and offer tertiary education. The first college to offer a bachelor's degree program was the school of pharmacy. Her plan included opening 10 colleges, but after pharmacy, she succeeded in opening six more: The College of Liberal Arts
4582-472: The offerings to include tertiary, first offering a bachelor's degree program in pharmacy. She was awarded an honorary master's degree in pedagogy by the University of the Philippines in 1930. From 1930, the Centro Escolar de Señoritas operated as an accredited university and was incorporated with a name change to Centro Escolar University in 1932. Avelino directed the school until shortly before her death from cancer in 1934. There are multiple monuments in
4661-401: The official name of Tagalog, or even a synonym of it. Today's Filipino language is best described as "Tagalog-based". The language is usually called Tagalog within the Philippines and among Filipinos to differentiate it from other Philippine languages, but it has also come to be known as Filipino to differentiate it from the languages of other countries; the former implies a regional origin,
4740-457: The only school in the Philippines that offers a post-doctoral degree in Business Administration - Total Quality Management (TQM) . CEU offers varsity sports in basketball, volleyball, futsal , cheerleading, badminton, swimming, Taekwondo, and table tennis. Scorpion varsity teams are part of the Men's National Collegiate Athletic Association , the Women's National Collegiate Athletic Association , Universities and Colleges Basketball League , and
4819-493: The other campaigning for more inclusiveness in the national language. In 1963, Negros Occidental congressman Innocencio V. Ferrer took a case reaching the Supreme Court questioning the constitutionality of the choice of Tagalog as the basis of the national language (a case ruled in favor of the national language in 1970). Accusing the national language as simply being Tagalog and lacking any substantial input from other Philippine languages, Congressman Geruncio Lacuesta eventually led
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#17327940964784898-869: The peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction. ang Pangkalahatáng Kapulungán ay nagpapahayág ng PANGKALAHATÁNG PAGPAPAHAYÁG NA ITÓ NG MGÁ KARAPATÁN NG TÁO bílang pangkalahatáng pamantáyang maisasagawâ pára sa lahát ng táo at bansâ, sa layúning ang báwat táo at báwat galamáy ng lipúnan, na láging nása ísip ang Pahayág na itó, ay magsíkap sa pamamagítan ng pagtutúrò at edukasyón na maitagúyod ang paggálang sa mgá karapatán at kalayáang itó at sa pamamagítan ng mgá hakbáng na pagsúlong na pambansâ at pandaigdíg, ay makamtán ang pangkalahatán at mabísang pagkilála at pagtalíma sa mgá itó, magíng ng mgá mamamayán ng mgá Kasáping Estádo at ng mgá mamamayán ng mgá teritóryo na nása ilálim ng kaniláng nasasakúpan. Librada Avelino Librada Avelino (January 17, 1873 – November 9, 1934)
4977-409: The primary language for education, governance, and law. At present, Spanish was designated an optional and voluntary language under the 1987 Constitution, along with Arabic. While Spanish and English were considered "official languages" during the American colonial period, there existed no "national language" initially. Article XIII, section 3 of the 1935 constitution establishing the Commonwealth of
5056-501: The same name was written by Czech Jesuit missionary Paul Klein (known locally as Pablo Clain) at the beginning of the 18th century. Klein spoke Tagalog and used it actively in several of his books. He wrote a dictionary, which he later passed to Francisco Jansens and José Hernández. Further compilation of his substantial work was prepared by Juan de Noceda and Pedro de Sanlúcar and published as Vocabulario de la lengua tagala in Manila in 1754 and then repeatedly re-edited, with
5135-398: The same personal pronouns (siya, ako, niya, kanila, etc.); the same demonstrative pronouns (ito, iyan, doon, etc.); the same linkers (na, at and ay); the same particles (na and pa); and the same verbal affixes -in, -an, i- and -um-. In short, same grammar, same language. In connection with the use of Filipino, or specifically the promotion of the national language, the related term Tagalista
5214-428: The same year, Quezon proclaimed Tagalog as the basis of the Wikang Pambansâ (National Language) giving the following factors: On June 7, 1940, the Philippine National Assembly passed Commonwealth Act No. 570 declaring that the Filipino national language would be considered an official language effective July 4, 1946 (coinciding with the country's expected date of independence from the United States). That same year,
5293-402: The school grew, it moved from Fernandez Street to San Sebastian, now R. Hidalgo Street. She was soon joined by her cousin Margarita "Garit" Oliva and Carmen de Luna. On the conclusion of the revolution in 1898, the United States, under its sovereign authority, established new rules in schools requiring teaching the English language. As Avelino did not speak English, she volunteered to teach at
5372-469: The school located at 841 Iris Street, later called Azcarraga Street . Having little capital, but wanting to establish a modern, liberal school, Avelino approached educated women like Maria del Pilar Francisco , the first woman lawyer in the Philippines; Felisa and Domingo Francisco, cousins of Maria; sisters Filomena and Ildefonsa Amor; her cousin Garit Oliva; and Constancia P. Arrieta, all having graduated from Normal School. Salas proposed Josué Soncuya ,
5451-424: The terms of the Treaty of Paris and there were discussions as to whether the Philippines would gain independence or be annexed by the United States, Avelino wrote the school superintendent, David Prescott Barrows asking for a leave of absence to study English abroad and approval to be reinstated upon her return as principal of the Pandacan Girls' School. Securing his approval, she closed the school and accompanied
5530-462: The use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system. and: The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein. Section 17(d) of Executive Order 117 of January 30, 1987 renamed the Institute of National Language as Institute of Philippine Languages . Republic Act No. 7104, approved on August 14, 1991, created
5609-454: Was a Filipina educator who co-founded the Centro Escolar University . She was the first woman to earn a teaching certificate from the Spanish authorities when she passed her examination in 1889. Continuing her education, Avelino was also certified as a secondary teacher in 1893. After establishing her own girls' school in Pandacan , she was forced to flee to Manila when in 1896, the Philippine Revolution brought troops to Pandacan. Reopening
5688-609: Was buried in Campo Santo de La Loma , in Caloocan . Between its founding in 1907 and her death, the Centro Escolar University graduated 20,000 students and its capital increased from the initial investment of ₱750 to over ₱1,000,000 at the time of her death. It named an award which honors Asian women leaders after Avelino. The university became co-educational in 1945 and has continued to expand, offering
5767-450: Was called "Ada", was sent to the public girls' school run by Luisa Bacho. This was the first school to offer education to girls and included primary courses in reading, writing, and mathematics, as well as recitation of prayers. When Avelino was seven, her mother died and about three years later her father remarried to Paula Arcilla, who was determined to have a close relationship with her step-daughter. As Avelino wanted to learn more than
5846-527: Was founded in 1922, the College of Education in 1923, the College of Dentistry in 1924, the College of Law in 1925, the College of Medicine in 1929 and College of Optometry in 1930. Shortly after her father's death, in 1930 she was conferred an honorary master's degree in pedagogy by the University of the Philippines . Officially, from 1930, the Centro Escolar de Señoritas operated as a university and
5925-443: Was generally used by the ruling classes and the merchants from the states and various cultures in the Philippine archipelago for international communication as part of maritime Southeast Asia. In fact, Filipinos first interacted with the Spaniards using the Malay language. In addition to this, 16th-century chroniclers of the time noted that the kings and lords in the islands usually spoke around five languages. Spanish intrusion into
6004-549: Was incorporated with a name change to Centro Escolar University in 1932. Because of the inability to secure a hospital facility for students to gain practical experience, the government withheld accreditation of the Medical College, which was forced to close after four years of operation. Avelino died from stomach cancer at the home of a friend who lived on Alhambra Street in Ermita, Manila , on November 9, 1934. She
6083-463: Was reported that three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan decided to use Filipino, instead of English , in order to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo H. del Pilar College of Law of Bulacan State University following a directive from the Supreme Court of the Philippines . De la Rama said it
6162-416: Was the dream of Chief Justice Reynato Puno to implement the program in other areas such as Laguna , Cavite , Quezon , Aurora , Nueva Ecija , Batangas , Rizal , and Metro Manila , all of which mentioned are natively Tagalog-speaking. Since 1997, a month-long celebration of the national language occurs during August, known in Filipino as Buwan ng Wika (Language Month). Previously, this lasted only
6241-477: Was typically offered to girls, Maestra Bacho instructed her in rudimentary domestic science, geography and Spanish grammar, and introduced her to more difficult mathematical studies. She also studied advanced syntax and language with Fermin Raymundo, a local Spanish grammarian, as well as music, including the piano, with Ladislao Bonus . Upon completion of her primary schooling, Avelino moved to Manila to attend
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