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69-721: Chacao occupies the mid-eastern portion of the Caracas Valley, north of the Guaire River, bordering the other urban municipalities to the east, south and west, and the La Guaira state to the north, including the Avila National Park . Chacao, along with Baruta and Los Salias, is one of the communities with lowest poverty rates in Venezuela, with a poverty rate of only 4.67% according to the 2011 census. It

138-641: A great range: It is considered a place of interest for debates, talks and discussions of knowledge with the studies of the history of Venezuela; headquarters of the Bolivarian Society of La Guaira. Located and conforms within what is the peripheries within the historical real helmet of the Guaira, right there is the Library "Adam Jose Seijas" and it is estimated that the Property was constructed during

207-455: A group of representative meteorological stations of the Vargas state, there is a predominance of wet months almost all year round, except for December to March. The seasons with the highest average monthly rainfall records are Caruao and El Portachuelo, where the wet weight is equal to or greater than 10 months. In the coastal plain and foothills, average monthly rainfall records are low throughout

276-439: A period of four years and with the possibility of immediate reelection for equal periods, being in charge of the state administration. Since the elevation to the category of federal state, the state has chosen its governors in direct elections, before 1998 its governor was the same of the disappeared Federal District. The current state government has been headed since 2021 by José Manuel Suárez . The state legislature falls to

345-530: A public space dedicated to concerts, art expositions, and other cultural activities. Parque del Este , the biggest urban park in Caracas, although largely in neighbouring Sucre territory, has one of its main entrances in Chacao, making it a popular recreational and exercise area for the inhabitants of Los Palos Grandes and other Chacao neighbourhoods. The municipality has become a financial centre after many of

414-556: Is La Guaira followed by Catia La Mar and Maiquetía . The Litoral Varguense conurbation is the principal urban agglomeration in the state, which is part of the Greater Caracas Area . In 1999, the geographic center of Vargas state suffered major floods and landslides, known as La Tragedia de Vargas (the Vargas tragedy ), causing major losses of life and property, and resulting in forced population movements, including

483-414: Is 28 °C, with scarce daily and annual thermal amplitudes.23 Thus, for the different altitudes in the region, the following characteristics are found for the different altitudinal floors, such as 1.Tropical: It presents an altitude that varies between 0 and 600 m.a.s.l. with an annual average temperature of 25.4 and 26.1 °C. In these climates they have registered average values of precipitation in

552-693: Is another part of Caracas and another part of Miranda State). It corresponds to the one developed in the Coastal Range. It has as a geological limit the La Victoria Fault, where the rocks of the Gran Caracas group outcrop, on the igneous-metamorphic basement of the Sebastopol Complex of the lower Paleozoic, which is constituted by gneissic granite and chlorite schist. The formations are also located: Peña de Mora belonging to

621-425: Is as rich and varied as its natural spaces. In the southwestern section of the state, in the mountainous zone of the cloud forest, there is a great variety of tree species, among the most exuberant are trees such as granadillo (Prumnopitys harmsiana), Sapium sp. and cedar (Cedrela montana). Of this last species is a specimen called "the giant cedar", which has a height of 47 meters and a diameter of 22 meters, located in

690-403: Is generally elongated, presenting its maximum amplitude in the extreme west towards Carayaca, to then reduce considerably in the center, around the urban centers of Maiquetía and Macuto. From La Guaira it begins to expand again in an almost symmetrical way up to its eastern limit. The state has an area of 1,497 square kilometers (0.13% of the national territory); in fact, it is the second state with

759-405: Is home to some of the city's major financial and shopping centres, such as Centro Ciudad Comercial Tamanaco (CCCT), Sambil Shopping Mall, Centro Lido, Centro San Ignacio, as well as branches and headquarters of major local banks, and foreign institutions, stock exchanges, the most luxurious hotels in the city, and the mansions of recognized personalities in the political and economic sphere. Many of

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828-536: Is moderately stony, with medium to high contents of organic matter in the surface horizons. Drainage varies from well to excessively drained. Based on the soil-forming factors and the predominant type of reference soil (Haplustults), in the entity the Haplargids and Torriorthents soil types were identified in the areas near the coast, where the humidity conditions are critical. In areas with higher slopes, Udorthents soils are classified, and in areas with lower slopes,

897-537: Is one of the 23 states of Venezuela . Formerly named after Venezuela's first civilian president, José María Vargas , Vargas comprises a coastal region in the north of Venezuela, bordering Aragua to the west, Miranda to the east, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Capital District to the south. It is home to both the country's largest seaport and airport . The state capital and largest city

966-455: Is prohibited and the manifestation also acquires these characteristics. It is in itself a parody, simulating the passage of a burial in the streets of the town. Like so many other traditions in the state, the feast of St. Joseph is celebrated on March 19. Junta Investigadora de Accidentes de Aviaci%C3%B3n Civil The Civil Aviation Accident Investigation Board ( JIAAC Spanish : Junta Investigadora de Accidentes de Aviación Civil )

1035-432: Is temperate tropical due to the altitude, the humid tropical climate with little rain is characterized in the rest of the territory. In the areas below 400 m.a.s.l., high temperatures predominate presenting an average of 26.1 °C with infrequent rainfall. From this level, temperatures are more moderate, with an annual average of 14.7 °C and more frequent and intense rainfall. The average annual temperature of La Guaira

1104-612: Is worth mentioning that the structure is of a single floor with its wooden roofs in tiles, with its main door in wood with lattice, together with its three windows also in wood and wrought in iron, whose facade is of pure frieze. It is worth mentioning that also within the Bolivarian Society House of La Guayra, it houses the sections and activities for the Lions Club and the Rotary Club. Every January 6, after

1173-589: The Directorate General for the Prevention and Investigation of Aeronautical Accidents ( Spanish : Dirección General para la Prevención e Investigación de Accidentes Aeronáuticos ), under the Ministry of Aquatic and Air Transport . This article about disaster management or a disaster is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about government in Venezuela

1242-471: The Ministry of Public Works and Housing . That Ministry was known as the Ministry of Popular Power for Infrastructure ( Spanish : Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Infraestructura ) from January 2007 to March 2009, and was previously the Ministry for Infrastructure ( Spanish : Ministerio para la Infraestructura Minfra). Lorllys Ramos Acevedo was the final director of the JIAAC. Now Venezuela has

1311-692: The Torre Pequiven . The Ministry of Transport and Communications previously had its headquarters in the Torre MTC in Chacao. The Junta Investigadora de Accidentes de Aviación Civil , the Venezuelan aircraft accident investigation agency, had its headquarters in Chacao. In Cumanagoto language Chakau (Chacao) means sand , the municipality was named after the Indian Cacique Chacao , who died defending his territory in 1567,

1380-473: The 2004-2008 term, has played a prominent role in anti- Chávez politics over the past eight years. On November 23, 2008, Emilio Graterón was elected mayor with 47,54% of vote. Chacao has represented a stronghold for the Venezuelan opposition. Anti-Chavez votes have steadily represented between 85 and 95% of the total votes in the borough, throughout the length of Chavez's administration. The current Ministry of Aquatic and Air Transport has its headquarters in

1449-469: The 20th century, the autonomist demands that desired the state of La Guaira as a territory differentiated from the Federal District politically and economically increased. In 1998, the government of Rafael Caldera decreed the municipality of Vargas as autonomous, separate from the Federal District, with the status of Federal Territory, and shortly thereafter it definitively became the 23rd state in

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1518-644: The Candlemas Festival has been gaining national space, recreating the Puno patron saint festival in Arequipa, Lima, places where the residents of the Altiplano express their cultural identity. People can go sightseeing in the areas. It is celebrated on Ash Wednesday, after Carnival, and is charged with irreverence, ambiguous characters with inverted roles and expressions of relaxation. In the beginning it

1587-520: The Federal District, with the statute of Federal Territory. Shortly after it became the 23rd state of Venezuela . In mid-December 1999, after several days of ever-increasing rains pouring over the Cordillera de la Costa Central and the piedmont within the span of 24 hours along the coastline for about 45 km (28 mi)., the state suffered from massive floods which resulted in severe losses of life and property. In its wake as of December 16,

1656-477: The Guzmán Blanco State with the name of "Estado Miranda", excluding from this new arrangement what was the province of Aragua. In 1909 both Vargas and Aguado were incorporated into Federal District. In 1936 Aguado and Vargas merged into one Department: Vargas. Until 1987, it kept the name and conditions of Department, when by decree of 1986 it became Municipality Vargas. In the decade of the 90s of

1725-605: The La Florida peak (2,240 meters above sea level). Another impressive tree in the area is the niño (Gyranthera caribensis), endemic to the Coastal Range. There are numerous species of guamos (Inga sp.), Protium sp., Alchornea triplinervia and Micropholis crotonoides, and palms such as the striking prapa (Wettinia praemorsa). In the hillside areas you can observe the majestic royal palms (Ceroxylon interruptum), palmetto (Euterpe predatoria), molinillo (Chamaedorea pinnatifrons) and araque (Dictyocaryum fuscum). Others Important species are

1794-523: The Legislative Council of the State of La Guaira, a unicameral parliament, elected by the people through direct and secret vote every four years, and they can be reelected for consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities. Since the last elections, the state has had 7 deputies, of which 1 belongs to the opposition and 6 to

1863-647: The Libertador Department, of the State of Bolivar (current territory of the State of Miranda, Capital District and State of La Guaira together). In 1879, through the agreement of April 30, the twenty states of the Union (of the United States of Venezuela) were reduced to seven large states, the reduction being governed by the Law of April 28, 1856, which established the last sectional demarcation, by which

1932-513: The Libertador department, now Libertador Municipality ), and the governor of this region was chosen by the national government. The area later evolved into a municipality, but was still dependent on the governor of the Federal District. In the 1990s there were increased calls for Vargas to become a separate entity, distinct from Federal District. In 1998 the government of Rafael Caldera decreed Vargas as an independent municipality, separate from

2001-734: The Mesozoic, the Todasana Magmatic Complex of the upper Cretaceous, the Las Pailas formation of the late Pliocene, and the Abyssinian formation, composed of marine sediments. The state is a kind of terminal for the rivers of Caracas and other populations because several rivers in the state flow into the Caribbean Sea, almost all of them are ravines of the Avila Hill. Some rivers in the state of La Guaira are: In

2070-580: The Paleustults. In areas with lower temperatures, typical of the mountain landscape, evolved and deep soils are identified as the Haplohumuslts. In areas of higher humidity, such as those at the extremes of the state, Hapludults soils are classified. Adopting Otto Huber's classification of plant formations, the plant landscape varguense is quite contrasted, being identified from the altitudinal base to 100 meters above sea level coastal vegetation of

2139-473: The Pequiven and Banco del Tesoro towers. The traditional Venezuelan private sector has given way to new short-term businesses and franchises that bloom around the city thanks in part to soaring oil prices. Chacao is again an important player in this money wave craze, with commercial and residential real estate prices among the highest in the nation. The residential neighbourhood of Campo Alegre has on average

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2208-452: The State of the Center is created, composed of Bolivar, Guzmán Blanco, Guárico, Apure and Nueva Esparta, becoming, on April 27, 1881, the "State Guzmán Blanco" composed only of Bolivar, Aragua, Guárico, Nueva Esparta and the department Vargas of the Federal District. In 1889, a year after Antonio Guzmán Blanco left power definitively, it was decided in a new territorial reorganization, to rename

2277-502: The Uveros de Macuto and called by the chief Guaicamacuto, sought to expel Francisco Fajardo from the occupied territory, showing signs of primitive sessions of republican democracy. This political-territorial region has suffered important changes over the years, its territory (Aguado and Vargas) was part of the province of Caracas, during the whole colonial period. According to the decree of March 9, 1864, by Marshal Juan Crisóstomo Falcón,

2346-417: The beaches and associated with the enjoyment of rivers and surrounding mountains to the coast. Among the most prominent are mentioned, in the sense East-West: Chuspa, Caruao, La Sabana, Urama, Todasana, Oritapo, Osma, Los Caracas, Anare, Puerto Carayaca, Uricao, Chichiriviche, Puerto Cruz and Puerto Maya. Many of the resources available in the state are being used by the intensive recreation and tourism in both

2415-655: The children make a written request for a toy from the Three Kings, leaving the requested gift on their shoes. This tradition keeps alive the childish illusion, something lost in our times. Every year, on February 2, the Patron Saint's Day of the Virgin of Candelaria in its context is made up of the popular religious behavior of the social collectivities. The dance groups, costumes, masks and bands of musicians lead to expressions of overflowing festive sensibility. Finally,

2484-686: The city of Caracas, included these lands in his jurisdiction. The township of Chacao was founded by an immigration wave of the San Bernabé earthquake victims on June 11, 1641. It was officially made a Catholic parish with the foundation of San José de Chacao church. After repeated epidemics and calamities affected Caracas, the Town Hall and the Governor and Commander in chief of the Province, Jose Solano y Bote , in 1764 thought about transferring

2553-556: The city's shopping malls are located within Chacao's borders. The township also controls the most transited pedestrian access to the Avila National Park ( Sabas Nieves ), a popular destination for caraqueños . Other attractions include a restaurant district in the neighbourhoods of La Castellana, Altamira and Los Palos Grandes , a Centre for Performing Arts ( CELARG ) and the Centro Cultural Chacao ,

2622-495: The constitution of the State of La Guaira, dictated by the Legislative Council, and which was sanctioned on August 23, 2001, entering into force on August 30, 2001, when it was published in the Official State Gazette. It is composed of the governor and a group of state secretaries appointed by him to assist him in the management of the government. The governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for

2691-457: The contrast that exists between the sea and the mountains. It is attractive to appreciate from the coast how an imposing mountainous relief that houses innumerable natural riches, giving it a less harsh to the dry but attractive coastal environment. In the entity there is a great number of natural beaches and spas, predominantly those of natural origin. The latter are less visited due to their remoteness and difficult accessibility from Caracas, except

2760-668: The country's banks moved their headquarters to the formerly residential neighbourhood of El Rosal. The main street artery, Francisco de Miranda Avenue and its vicinity, rivals Caracas' old downtown in office space availability, and is preferred by foreign companies with established offices in the country. Some signature office buildings include Parque Cristal, Centro Letonia, HP Tower, Atlantic Building, La Castellana Center, Multicentro Empresarial del Este, Centro Lido, Centro San Ignacio , KPMG Tower, Forum Tower, Shell Tower, and other important architectural landmarks. Several other office buildings are occupied by government-controlled entities such as

2829-621: The entire city to this location, an idea that was rejected by Caracas Bishop Mauro Tovar. On April 15, 1769, the residents of Chacao asked for the creation of an independent ecclesiastical parish, Lieutenant Francisco Palacios y Sojo made the request, after evaluating the economic conditions. The final separation of Chacao from the Parish of La Candelaria was granted on September 27, 1769. Vargas (state) La Guaira State ( Spanish : Estado La Guaira; Estado Vargas , IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈβaɾɣas] ), known until 2019 as Vargas State

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2898-472: The entire state's population was displaced. Locals refer to the Dec. 1999 disaster as "La Tragedia de Vargas" (the Vargas' Tragedy). Such climatic phenomenon (of extraordinarily high rainfall levels) appears to be periodical, having a cycle of about 70 years, and probably has occurred hundreds, perhaps thousands of times since a distant past. The state of La Guaira is located in the coastal-mountain region, north of

2967-403: The following spaces: 2. Low Pre-Mountain and High Pre-Mountain: It presents an altitude that varies between 600 and 1600 m.a.s.l. with an annual average temperature of 18 and 24 °C. In these climates they have registered average values of precipitation in: 3. Low Mountain: It presents an altitude that varies between 1600 and 2400 m.s.n.m. From the data of monthly average precipitation for

3036-559: The government. Like the other 23 federal entities of Venezuela, the State maintains its own police force, which is supported and complemented by the National Police and the Venezuelan National Guard . According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: The tourist resource in the state is conformed by significant natural attractions, which contain a singular beauty contributed by

3105-576: The great Tarma nation, extended between Puerto Maya and the Valles del Tuy, populated by Indians, who spoke the Caribbean language. A mestizo Guaiquerí, Francisco Fajardo, arrived in 1555 and founded La Villa del Rosario. The outrages committed against the aborigines by the Spaniards who accompanied him made his attempt at peaceful conquest fail. As a consequence of this, the aboriginal congress held in

3174-412: The halophilic and psamophilic herbaceous type, and bushes coastal xerophiles. Next, and according to the altitudinal succession, we observe thorny xerophytic shrubs (cardinal and spiny) of very variable density and low altitude (2–5 m); it is followed by the troopophilic basimontane forest, deciduous, transitional vegetation of the lowland species by the mountain species. Then, in the submontane belt extends

3243-745: The height above sea level. of the sea, according to the equation: Average 27.6 °C (average level 0.6) / 100. From the recorded and estimated values, three clearly defined zones are interpreted: a coastal zone with high annual average temperatures, which range from 25.4 °C to 26.1 °C. An intermediate mountainous zone (from 972 meters above sea level to 1300 meters above sea level), which presents temperatures ranging from 18.4 °C to 21.2 °C; and another higher mountainous zone with heights between 1787 meters above sea level and 2101 meters above sea level, where relatively low temperatures of 13.9 °C are registered in Alto de Ño León and 15.8 °C in

3312-621: The highest priced real estate in the country. The headquarters of Estalar Airlines is in Altamira , Chacao. The Cathedral and Bolivar Square area, known as Pueblo de Chacao was home to Spanish, Italian and Portuguese immigrant waves, and today represents a middle class stronghold in the municipality. Small pockets of poverty, known as barrios , are also present, some of the best known are Pajaritos and El Pedregal which are surrounded by luxury condos and opulent houses. Former mayor Leopoldo López Mendoza , elected in 2000 and re-elected for

3381-584: The most visited in the area, stands out. There is also a recreational park in the state of Vargas bordering the town of El Junquito, located in the municipality of Libertador, equipped with services for intensive enjoyment of the open field; the Metropolitan Recreational Park El Junquito was created according to presidential decree No. 913 published in the Official Gazette No. 30,693 on 18 May 1975. Within

3450-518: The mountain and coastal areas; it is mention: Oricao Club Campestre, Club Tanaguarena, Club Camurí Grande, Club Puerto Azul, Ciudad Vacacional Los Caracas, Altos de Lagunazo, areas adjacent to the Humboldt Hotel and Caraballeda golf courses. In the agricultural area of Galipán, several restaurants and rural recreation sites have been implemented, of which the Museo de Piedra Marina Soñadora, one of

3519-473: The nation. The creation of the state of La Guaira has motivated the appearance of new autonomist movements in other regions of the country, as in the case of the municipality Páez in the state of Apure, which has more geographical aspects similar to Táchira than to the rest of Apure. In the past, the state of La Guaira has sought to have the jurisdiction of the Archipelago of Los Roques totally transferred to

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3588-443: The natural beaches near Punta Gorda,Tanaguarena, Camurí Grande and Los Caracas. On the other hand, the resorts are located in more accessible places, providing the public with some service infrastructure. Among the most popular are Playa Grande (Catia La Mar), Macuto, Camurí Chico, Playa Los Ángeles and Naiguatá. In addition to beach areas, there are other natural options with potential for to carry out ecotourism activities, close to

3657-591: The next high station of Colonia Tovar, located in the state of Aragua. The state consists almost entirely of coastlines as it faces the Caribbean Sea, but in the south of the state, is the Avila hill, icon of the state and Caracas, of the Cordillera de la Costa with peaks that exceed 2,000 m as Naiguatá Peak (2,765 m asl). It is home to Galipán, the highest population in La Guaira State, (partly because there

3726-411: The ombrophile forest, seasonal semideciduous (trade winds forests). It is followed by a well-developed strip of submontane to evergreen mountain forests, called coastal cloud forests, dense forests with several medium to high tree strata. Finally, at the upper limit of the forest, from 2,200 meters above sea level, the areas of coastal shrubby moors are identified. The biodiversity of the state of Vargas

3795-580: The orchids, especially the Christmas orchid (Masdevallia tovarensis), an endemic species of the natural monument Agustin Codazzi. Like other states, the structure of the government of Vargas is laid out in the Constitution , the highest law in the state. It is an autonomous state and politically equal to the rest of the Venezuelan federation, it organizes its administration and public powers through

3864-494: The organization of the Federal District is established in the following terms: "Article 2.- The Federal District, whose capital is Caracas, is made up of the former cantons of Caracas, La Guaira and Maiquetía, which will form Departments under the names of "El Libertador", "Vargas" and "Aguado", with Caracas, La Guaira and Maiquetía as their respective capitals. Their limits, those indicated by the law of April 28, 1856, on territorial division". In 1868, Vargas became part, together with

3933-533: The smallest territorial area in the country and represents 12.28% of the capital region. The entity has the following limits: to the north with the Caribbean Sea, to the south with the state of Miranda in the extreme southeast, the Capital District in the central sector and the state of Aragua in the extreme southwest; to the east with the state Miranda (the Chuspa River is the natural border), and to

4002-433: The state exists "The Individual Creation", a series of autonomous manifestations within the region and they are constituted in definitive as people of cultural relevance, for what their inhabitants devote themselves to the literature, to the interpretative creations, call the singer-songwriter, musicians and dances, many of the collections, the patrimonial carriers and to the artistic creations; among those that stand out inside

4071-404: The state of Miranda and the capital district. Previously, La Guaira belonged to the federal district, but since 1998, this municipality has been elevated to a state. This state has only one municipality, the municipality of Vargas, which is divided into eleven parishes. The state government and the municipality's mayor's office are in the same jurisdiction. The space comprised by the Vargas state

4140-573: The state there are streams with the same name of some rivers in the area for simply being in the middle of the route of these water bodies. Considering as unit of analysis the mountainous system of the Coast, of which the Vargas state is part, the predominant type of soil in this unit is the Haplustults, whose main characteristics are: moderately deep (from 75 cm to 100 cm), of medium to fine textures, increasing its clay content with depth. It

4209-403: The state. There are also proposals to subdivide the state into 2 or 3 municipalities, which currently only has a single municipal entity. This region of Venezuela has undergone important changes over the years, and while the geographical borders have remained, the territorial delineation has varied. The area was previously one of the departments of the Venezuela's Federal District (the other being

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4278-400: The surviving population witnessed the massive destruction of most of the state infrastructure, including the collapse of most roads, bridges, housings, public and private buildings, and of basic services as electricity and communications; in which thousands were killed or missing. Official estimates some 50,000 dead or missing, but the real figure may be much higher. In the following weeks nearly

4347-521: The times of the Colonization; It is characterized for having a patio in its interior as the main axis, and that around it are the offices next to its rooms, the Stables at the end of it, and that to both sides are the warehouse, bedrooms or rooms, but that in its interior have doors of closings in wood or of lock, and with an annex like conference room for with the different sessions of the center; It

4416-568: The virtual disappearance of some small towns. Thousands died, and many more fled the area to other states. The state's name was changed on 14 June 2019 to La Guaira. It was the Arauaco Indians who first inhabited the central coast and then the western part of Venezuela. However, 500 years before the arrival of Christopher Columbus , they were displaced, in some places by the Caribs, settled on these coasts. The state of La Guaira later became

4485-486: The west with the state of Aragua (Moralera Creek and the Maya River define the boundary with this state). La Guaira state covers a total surface area of 1,497 km (578 sq mi). The climate of the state is a factor that generates strong territorial contrasts, since it varies according to the altitudinal levels. In general, the climate is arid tropical, in the high zones of Galipán, Carayaca and El Junko it

4554-487: The year when the city of Santiago de León de Caracas was finally established after more than three decades of unsuccessful attempts by the Spanish. The chosen location for Caracas Plaza Mayor and Cathedral was on the west side of the valley, making the fertile lands of Chacao (on the mid-east side) an ideal location for agricultural crops and establishment of haciendas . Spanish conquistador Diego de Losada , founder of

4623-456: The year, with the Mamo season recording the driest period from January to March. The analysis of the geographical distribution of the annual average temperature is carried out based on the stations with available records, being these the ones located in the coastal area. For the mountainous zone, we adapted the equation of correlation between the average temperature of an area in degrees Celsius and

4692-433: Was associated with the custom of burying a pig's rib called sardine, symbolizing the prohibition of eating meat during the days of Lent. There are those who believe that the burial of the sardine was a way of attracting abundant fishing and fertility of the animals before a new cycle of reproduction, but it is also considered a typical festival of carnivals because it is a time when it is normally allowed to do everything that

4761-568: Was the civil aviation accident investigation agency of Venezuela . The JIAAC had its headquarters in Chacao , Caracas , Miranda State . Before its closure, it was an organization under the Ministry of Transport and Communications . It was originally the Air Accident Investigation Committee (CIAA, Spanish : Comité de Investigación de Accidentes Aéreos ). Previously the JIAAC was an independent authority of

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