The spark-ignition petrol (gasoline) engines listed below were formerly used in various marques of automobiles and commercial vehicles of the German automotive business Volkswagen Group and also in Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications, but are now discontinued. All listed engines operate on the four-stroke cycle , and, unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system and are water-cooled.
91-628: The Audi A8 is a full-size luxury sedan manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi since 1994. Succeeding the Audi V8 , and now in its fourth generation, the A8 has been offered with either front- or permanent all-wheel drive and in short- and long-wheelbase variants. The first two generations employed the Volkswagen Group D platform , with the current generation deriving from
182-518: A 2.8-litre V6 engine , producing 142 kW (193 PS; 190 bhp), and a 3.7-litre V8 engine producing 169 kW (230 PS; 227 bhp), while the quattro received a 4.2-litre V8 producing 221 kW (300 PS; 296 bhp). The A8 is available with standard luxury amenities, including dual-zone climate control , wood and leather interior trim, 14-way power and heated seats, and an enhanced Bose audio system. In 1998, upon assuming office, German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder chose
273-573: A cloverleaf designed reflector, incorporated into the main headlamp housing. The D3 series S8 features a 5.2-litre all- aluminium alloy four-valves per cylinder V10 petrol engine . This engine, a first for Audi, is often incorrectly referred to as a derivative of the Lamborghini 5-litre V10 engine fitted to the first-generation Gallardo . The 5.2-litre V10 in the S8 is based on Audi's 4.2-litre V8 FSI . Lamborghini replaced its own 5-litre engine with
364-462: A 5.0 litre V10 biturbo petrol engine is one of the most powerful engines fitted into any Volkswagen Group automobile. From its DIN-rated maximum power output of 426 kW (579 PS; 571 bhp), this engine generates a specific power output of 85.4 kW (116.1 PS; 114.5 bhp) per litre displacement. A first in Audi 's history, this new generation high-performance V10 engine
455-411: A W12 engine rated at 331 kW; 444 hp (450 PS) and 580 N⋅m (428 lbf⋅ft) of torque, emergency exit system featuring pyrotechnic blown-out doors, fire extinguisher system with spray jets located in the engine compartment, underbody and in the wheel arches; smoke extractor in passenger compartment, run flat tires, bullet proof windows, the full protection plus package and LED flashers in
546-539: A compact 6.0-litre unit developed by effectively mating two VR6 engines together at the crankshaft. The engine quickly became available in the A8, though only to European and Asian customers. From its introduction through its discontinuation in 2003, only 750 of the D2 "W12" models were produced. 2001 also marked the debut of the high-performance S8 variant in North American markets. It produced 360 hp. In 2002,
637-422: A lightweight, cast aluminium alloy cylinder block (crankcase) and cylinder heads. They all use multi-valve technology, with the valves being operated by two overhead camshafts per cylinder bank (sometimes referred to as quad cam ). All functions of engine control are carried out by varying types of Robert Bosch GmbH Motronic electronic engine control units. They are all longitudinally front-mounted , and
728-481: A lower cost. Into the 1970s, the same vehicles could transport up to six occupants comfortably (or eight in a station wagon), at the expense of high fuel consumption. The sales of full-size vehicles in the United States declined after the early 1970s fuel crisis. In response to the 1978 implementation of CAFE , American manufacturers implemented downsizing to improve fuel economy, with full-size vehicles as
819-473: A metal 'Audi exclusive' commemorative logo at inner door trims. The vehicles went on sale on the 18 October 2009 as 2010 model year vehicles. In North America , only the 4.2 V8, 5.2 V10, and 6.0 W12 petrol engines were available. The 4.0 TDI was discontinued when the 4.2 TDI was introduced. The third-generation Audi A8 ( Typ 4H ) is based on the Volkswagen Group MLB platform , but retains
910-520: A re-calibrated Motronic engine management system, revised cooling system, and decorative carbon fibre engine covers complete the upgrade. The initial 331 kW (450 PS; 444 bhp) variant of this engine generates a specific power output of 79.3 kW (107.8 PS; 106.3 bhp) per litre displacement, and the RS6 Plus 353 kW (480 PS; 473 bhp) variant gives 84.6 kW (115.0 PS; 113.5 bhp) per litre. Based on
1001-454: A solar sunroof which allows the interior ventilation fans to run, keeping the interior cool while the car is parked with the engine turned off. Changes to all models included a larger passenger-side mirror, and a first aid kit located in the rear centre armrest. In 1999 for the 2000 model year came a minor front-end restyle, with new, larger, clear headlights , a revised grille, and lower front valance with standard projection fog lamps. In
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#17327726332621092-434: A traditional manner adjacent to full-size tape drawings. At least three one-quarter scale models were produced to explore other design variations. The six full-size exterior clay models were reduced to two in late 1998 and these continued to be refined in parallel for a year. At the end of 1999, the final theme selection was made by Miklós Kovács and Imre Hasanic, the main contributing designers. This lengthy development time
1183-566: A two-door Audi A8 Coupé. The car was unveiled at the 1997 Geneva Motor Show . Audi contracted IVM to build the prototype , and was considering production of the vehicle. The coupé had a re-engineered aluminium body, shorter than the production A8 saloon. Like the Mercedes-Benz CL-Class , there was no central "B" pillar, giving the car a seamless design with a gradually sloping roofline. The car included custom leather seats which could seat four. Ultimately, Audi decided not to put
1274-690: Is a limited (800 units total) version of the A8L 3.0 FSI with multitronic and the A8L 6.0 W12 quattro for the Chinese market, commemorating Audi's 100th anniversary. It includes a horizontal chrome-plated front grille (from the A8L 6.0 W12 quattro), "V6" metal logo at the upper left of the air-inlet grille (A8L 3.0 FSI), LED daytime running lights, 19-inch 12-spoke polished aluminium alloy wheels, heated steering wheel in grey leather with beige stitching, Bang & Olufsen advanced audio system, Alcantara equipment bag, Assam ash red veneer, floor mat with aluminium trim and
1365-681: Is a naturally aspirated version of the 1.8 R4 20vT . This engine was designed by NSU with assistance from Daimler-Benz as "Projekt Mexiko" (H-engine) and found its way to Audi for sole use in the Volkswagen LT . Other versions of this engine were installed in cars as diverse as the Porsche 924 and the AMC Gremlin . This engine has no connection or common parts with any EA827 derivative, including inline four, inline five, or inline six-cylinder designs. This engine
1456-402: Is a series of water-cooled inline three - and inline four-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, in a variety of displacement sizes . This overhead camshaft engine features a crossflow cylinder head design, and directly driven auxiliary units. The exhaust side is in driving direction, closest to the front of the vehicle. This engine was originally developed by Škoda Auto, before the company
1547-431: Is automatically activated when a speed of more than 120 km/h (75 mph) is maintained for more than 30 seconds. In September 2005 Audi became the first car maker to offer the 1,000-watt 14-channel ICEpower sound system option from Bang & Olufsen . Changes include: New Optional Features: The A8 L W12 quattro Security is an armoured vehicle with B6+ and B7 (European standard) ballistic ratings. It includes
1638-454: Is badged as the "4.2 TDI" and is based on the "4.0 TDI" badged 3.9L turbodiesel engine. It uses two turbochargers and two intercoolers , with each turbocharger functioning exclusively for one bank of four cylinders . The adaptive air suspension gives the vehicle clearance a range from its normal 120 mm up to 145 mm in lift mode and down to 95 mm in the Autobahn mode, which
1729-531: Is based on Audi's V8 FSI engines , and retains the same fundamental design principals of the V8 FSI, including the crankcase, cylinder heads, valvetrain, fuel system and intake manifold. However, an all new crankshaft, balance shaft , double-chambered intake manifold with dual throttle valves, exhaust manifold, and ECU – are all unique to the V10. As part of the new V10 engine development, specific emphasis
1820-517: Is the only transmission offering. Output is transmitted via Audi's quattro generation IV all-wheel drive system using the Torsen T-1 centre differential with a default 50:50 torque split front/rear. If the road conditions change, the purely mechanical Torsen differential responds without any delay; it can divert up to 70 percent of power to the front or rear axles. In 2005, new internal combustion engines became available. In very limited numbers
1911-573: The list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines article. The Volkswagen air-cooled engine was introduced in 1935 in Germany, produced in factories all over the world, and the last complete engine was produced in December 2005, Its production was ceased by anti-pollution laws and the last engine was produced in São Bernardo do Campo . Its air-cooled , four-cylinder, boxer configuration
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#17327726332622002-438: The "Audi Space Frame" (ASF), which helped to reduce weight and preserve structural rigidity. The saloon/sedan was offered in both the A8 (standard wheelbase), and the A8 L extended or long- wheelbase (LWB) version. The A8 L adds 5 inches (127 mm) of rear legroom. Updates to the car in 1997 included the addition of six interior airbags . The A8 was designed as a competitor to fellow German rivals Mercedes Benz S Class and
2093-571: The 1994 Geneva Auto Show in March, with full-scale factory production commencing in June 1994, although it was not until October 1996, for the 1997 model year that it became available in North America. Unlike its predecessor, the Audi V8 model, which was built on an existing steel platform, the A8 debuted on the then-new Volkswagen Group D2 platform , an all aluminium monocoque , marketed as
2184-467: The Audi B5 S4 2.7 V6 biturbo , this engine was tuned by Cosworth Technology (now MAHLE Powertrain ), and featured enlarged intake and exhaust ports on the cylinder heads, two uprated parallel turbochargers, and two side-mounted intercoolers (SMICs), together with new induction and exhaust systems, and a re-calibrated engine management system. Due to the high performance nature of the vehicle, it
2275-781: The Audi R8 LMP endurance race cars. This engine is often, but incorrectly, referred to as a derivative of the Gallardo's original 5.0-litre Lamborghini V10 , which was also developed under the Volkswagen Group ownership. However, the subsequent 5.2 V10 FSI installed in the Gallardo LP560 and Audi R8 V10 is fundamentally identical to this Audi unit, save for a stronger crankshaft with solid main pin design, forged pistons, dry sump oiling system, different intake and exhaust valves, and engine management systems. This
2366-648: The B7 RS 4 quattro and the R8 . This is the first eight-cylinder road car engine to use Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI), which was successfully developed by Audi in their Le Mans winning R8 racing car . The 5.2 V10 FSI was developed directly from this V8 engine. This 6.75 litre V8 is a legacy engine, developed by Rolls-Royce Limited before the takeover of Bentley Motors Limited by the German Volkswagen Group but still used during their ownership. Only
2457-720: The BMW 7 Series . It also competed against the British Jaguar XJ and the Japanese Lexus LS . In 1997, Audi introduced the first series production electronic stability control (ESP) for all-wheel drive vehicles (Audi A8 and Audi A6)– the world's first production cars with both front and rear side airbags . For 1997, the new A8 was available with either front-wheel drive (FWD), or the Torsen -based quattro permanent four-wheel drive . The FWD models are powered by
2548-478: The Chevrolet Corvair , Ford Falcon and Plymouth Valiant ), the "full-size car" designation came into wider use. In the 1960s, the term was applied to the traditional car lines of lower-price brands, including Chevrolet, Ford, and Plymouth. As a relative term, full-size cars were marketed by the same brands offering compact cars, with entry-level cars for buyers seeking the roominess of a luxury car at
2639-607: The Chrysler LH cars (Dodge Intrepid, Eagle Vision, Chrysler Concorde/New Yorker/LHS). The same year, the Buick Roadmaster was introduced, becoming the first rear-wheel drive GM model line adopted outside of Chevrolet and Cadillac since 1985; the Chevrolet Impala was returned for the 1994 model year. The 1989 Lexus LS400 luxury sedan was the first Japanese full-size car sold in North America. Following
2730-583: The Dodge Monaco ). Developed by AMC before its acquisition by Chrysler, the Premier was a version of the front-wheel drive Renault 25 adapted for North America. The Saab 9000 took a special position at the end of the 1980s, as for a long time it was the only imported car to be classified as a "large car" by the EPA. From the 1980s to the 1990s, the market share of full-size cars began to decline; along with
2821-755: The H and C platforms . Only station wagons, the Chevrolet Caprice , and the Cadillac Brougham remained. Initially developed to replace the Ford LTD Crown Victoria, the 1986 Ford Taurus was produced alongside it as the Ford mid-size model line. After largely abandoning the full-size segment for compact cars and minivans, Chrysler gained reentry into the full-size segment in 1988 with the Eagle Premier (also produced as
Audi A8 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2912-538: The International System of Units (commonly abbreviated SI ), a modern form of the metric system of figures. Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a testing facility accredited by the Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN), to either the original 80/1269/ EEC , or the later 1999/99/ EC standards. The standard unit of measure for expressing the rated motive power output is
3003-525: The MLB platform . After the original model's 1994 release, Audi released the second generation in late 2002, the third in late 2009, and the fourth and current iteration in 2017. Noted as the first mass-market car with an aluminium chassis, all A8 models have used this construction method co-developed with Alcoa and marketed as the Audi Space Frame. A mechanically upgraded, high-performance version of
3094-498: The Torsen T-1 50:50 dynamic centre differential , and from 2007 for the 2008 model year , utilising the Torsen T-3 asymmetric dynamic centre differential, with a "default" torque distribution of 40 percent to the front axle and 60 percent to the rear. If the road conditions change, the purely mechanical differential responds without any delay; it can divert up to 85 percent of power to the rear wheels, and as much as 65 percent to
3185-920: The Volkswagen Group D3 platform was unveiled via press release in July 2002 and introduced in November 2002 in Europe and in June 2003 (as a 2004 model) in the United States. The model was longer than the previous generation, with room for four or five large adult occupants in the cabin, depending on rear seat configuration. The D3 development program began in 1996, with the design process commencing in Ingolstadt in 1997. The whole Audi design studio based in Ingolstadt first contributed sketch proposals, from which numerous different themes emerged. Six of them were developed into full-size clay models and worked up in
3276-517: The eighth-generation Hyundai Sonata , is classified by the EPA as full-size despite being marketed as a mid-size model. In 2018, the three highest-selling cars in the full-size sedan category in the United States were the Dodge Charger, Chevrolet Impala, and Chrysler 300. The large car segment has been declining in the United States accounting for 3.6% of new vehicle sales in 2021, down from 6.6% in 2016. The models in this category included
3367-541: The kilowatt (kW); and in their official literature, the power rating may be published in either kilowatts or metric horsepower (abbreviated PS in Misplaced Pages, from the German Pferdestärke ), or both, and may also include conversions to imperial units such as the horsepower (HP) or brake horsepower (BHP). ( Conversions : one PS ≈ 735.5 watts (W), ≈ 0.98632 hp (SAE)). In case of conflict,
3458-456: The 1920s to the 1950s, most manufacturers produced model lines in a single size, growing in size with each model redesign. While the length and wheelbase varied between model lines, width was a relatively constant dimension, as the American federal government required the addition of clearance lights on a width past 80 inches. In 1960, following the introduction of compact cars (such as
3549-558: The 1950s, and have become increasingly common since the downsizing of full-sized cars in the 1980s. The lineage of mass-produced full-size American cars begins with the 1908 Ford Model T . In 1923, General Motors introduced the Chevrolet Superior , becoming the first vehicle to adopt a common chassis (the A-body ) for several brands. Compared to the cars of the 21st century, these vehicles are small in length and width. From
3640-496: The 1996 model year, GM ended production of large rear-wheel drive sedans. By 2000, with the sole exception of the Ford Crown Victoria, Mercury Grand Marquis, and Lincoln Town Car, full-size cars had abandoned rear-wheel drive and body-on-frame construction. Instead of model lineage, the EPA "large car" definition of over 120 interior cubic feet was widely used. Initially developed for the midsize Oldsmobile Aurora ,
3731-496: The 1999 facelift, 20-inch polished nine-spoke RS wheels became an option. In 2002, 18-inch nine-spoke RS wheels became a no-cost option. At the same time of the A8's facelift in late 1999, the S8 received the same cosmetic upgrades. This update marked the release of the S8 to the North American market. Production of the D2 series S8 ended in September 2002. The D2 series S8 featured an uprated, 250 kW (335 hp) version of
Audi A8 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3822-472: The 4.2-litre V8 with four valves per cylinder. From late 1999, Audi increased this to five valves per cylinder with power increased to 265 kilowatts (355 hp) and 430 newton-metres (317 lb⋅ft). From launch in 1996, European-market models came standard with a six-speed manual transmission. A sports-recalibrated version of the ZF 5HP24 five-speed tiptronic automatic, featuring "Dynamic Shift Programme" (DSP)
3913-402: The 5.2-litre engine from Audi R8 for the second generation Gallardo and its successor, Huracán . A sports-optimised ZF 6HP26-A61 six-speed tiptronic automatic transmission with "Dynamic Shift Programme" (DSP) and "sport" mode, with steering wheel mounted paddle-shifters, is the only offering. Output is transmitted via Audi's quattro generation IV all-wheel drive system, initially using
4004-523: The A8 Coupé into production, citing lower-than-expected sales figures for the similar BMW 8 Series (E31) and Mercedes-Benz S-Class Coupé . Only one A8 Coupé was ever built. The single prototype, painted in a colour called "Ming Blue pearl", remains the property of IVM Automotive, and resides in Munich. Its last public appearance was in 2002 on a series of test drives. Audi introduced the S8 4.2 quattro into
4095-450: The A8 L W12, the S8 has sportier mechanical features such as a firmer suspension, larger wheels, and ceramic brakes. The shorter wheelbase and 10-cylinder engine save weight for better handling, but at 5.4 seconds from 0–60 mph (97 km/h) the S8 trails the W12. The S8, like its related A8, utilises a multi-link suspension layout front and rear, with pressurised air springs. However, for
4186-510: The A8 L received standard xenon high-intensity discharge lamp (HID) headlights, and a heated steering wheel. A tyre pressure monitoring system (TPMS), an updated Symphony II stereo, and new exterior colours were also added. For 2002, all A8 variants received a trunk/boot interior release lever to facilitate escape in the event an individual became trapped within. Factory production of this generation ceased at Number 105,092 on August 4, 2002. In 1997, IVM Automotive of Munich, Germany built
4277-464: The A8 debuted in 1996 as the Audi S8 . Produced exclusively at Audi's Neckarsulm plant, the S8 is fitted standard with Audi's quattro all-wheel drive system. The S8 was only offered with a short-wheelbase for the first three generations, being joined by a long-wheelbase variant for the fourth generation. In 1982, Ferdinand Piëch signed an agreement with Aluminum Company of America . The objective
4368-414: The A8 to be his official state car, marking a break from tradition, as his predecessors had preferred Mercedes-Benz S-Class models. Upon being re-elected to second term in 2002, he moved on to the next generation A8's sister model Volkswagen Phaeton . In 1999, Audi's flagship received side curtain airbags , new colours, and restructuring of option packages. The North American "warm weather package" added
4459-514: The A8R was produced for 2005. Using the 3.7 Quad cam V8, 6HP transmission. Although similar to the standard A8 it had an upgraded alloy trim vent package, Wood steering wheel and wood grain Transmission selector, other mechanical differences are not disclosed. The A8R was produced to commemorate Audi's past Le Mans success. For European and Asian market customers, the entry-level 3.0-litre V6 engine
4550-558: The Audi Space Frame aluminium construction of the previous A8, making it the lightest all-wheel drive car in the full-size luxury segment, while also giving it best-in-class fuel economy. The quattro all-wheel drive system splits torque with a default bias of 40 percent front and 60 percent rear. The vehicle was unveiled at Design Miami 2009 on 30 November 2009, followed by the 2010 North American International Auto Show . Early models include A8 4.2 FSI quattro (372PS), A8 3.0 TDI quattro (250PS), A8 4.2 TDI quattro (350PS). A8 3.0 TDI (204PS)
4641-518: The Chrysler 300, Dodge Charger, Nissan Maxima, and Toyota Avalon. They have been discontinued after the 2023 or 2024 model years. The trend in the large car market segment in United States is toward the SUV. List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines#4.2 V8 32v 206-220kW Since the Volkswagen Group is European, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using
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#17327726332624732-870: The European market in 1996. The S8 followed the naming convention of other high-performance Audi "S" models such as the Audi A6 -derived S6 and was similar in vein of Mercedes-Benz AMG models. In some markets such as the UK, the S8 was only available with the automatic transmission. Cosmetically, Audi differentiated the S8 from the A8 with solid aluminium alloy door mirror housings, chrome-effect beltline and lower front grille trim, and polished twin exhaust pipes, along with subtle "S8" badging. 14-way power adjustable and heated sports front seats with memory function were fitted as were heated rear seats. Standard alloy wheels were 18-inch cast aluminium alloy "Avus" six-spoke style. After
4823-818: The Five Hundred was renamed the Taurus. After the 2011 model year, Ford ended production of the Panther platform, shifting to the Ford Taurus and Lincoln MKS; in 2017, the latter was replaced by the Lincoln Continental . In 2011, General Motors ended production of the G-body for several chassis (with Cadillac later shifting its largest sedans to rear-wheel drive). In 2012, the Tesla Model S became
4914-744: The GM G-body chassis was expanded into the full-size segment for Cadillac in 2000 (for the Deville, later the DTS) and adapted by Buick (the Lucerne) in 2006. For the 2005 model year, Chrysler replaced the LH cars with the LX cars (returning to rear-wheel drive). The same year, Ford introduced the Five Hundred, its first front-wheel drive full-size car (the first American full-size car offered with all-wheel drive); in 2008,
5005-486: The S8, the effective spring and damper rates are noticeably firmer, along with re-engineered suspension mounts. The brake system consists of radially ventilated discs all round. The discs are clamped with gloss-black painted dual-piston calipers up front, and a single-piston sliding caliper at the rear, coupled to an electro-mechanical parking brake. A Bosch ESP 5.7 (later upgraded to ESP 8.0) electronic stability control , with ABS, brake assist, and EBD complete
5096-596: The V8 engines listed below were for a long time only used in cars bearing the Audi marque , but latterly being installed in Volkswagen Passenger Cars flagship Volkswagen Phaeton . The W8 -badged engine is an eight-cylinder W engine of four banks of two cylinders, formed by joining two 15° VR4 engines , placed on a single crankshaft, with each cylinder double bank now at a 72° vee angle. Based on
5187-399: The brake system. Optional "Audi ceramic" carbon fibre-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite front and rear brakes are available, which use radially vented, and floating SGL Carbon discs, with anthracite grey painted twelve-piston fixed Brembo monobloc alloy calipers. Standard alloy wheels consist of 20-inch "S design" alloy wheels. The A8L Centennial Limited Edition (奧迪A8L百年限量版)
5278-575: The characteristic Audi "S model" vertical strut detail which is highlighted in a chrome finish. "S8" badging is displayed front and rear, whilst "V10" badges are displayed on each front wing above the side-repeater indicators. The rear boot-lid incorporates a subtle rear spoiler, and the rear is finished with four chromed oval exhaust tailpipes. Adaptive Xenon -plus high-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps include static turning lights, along with "swiveling" dynamic cornering lights. Daytime running lamps are five light-emitting diodes (LEDs) incorporated into
5369-574: The combined passenger and cargo volume, large cars (full-size cars) are defined as having an interior volume index of more than 120 cu ft (3.4 m ) for sedan models, or 160 cu ft (4.5 m ) for station wagons. From the introduction of the Ford Flathead V8 in the 1930s until the 1980s, most North American full-size cars were powered by V8 engines . However, V6 engines and straight-six engines have also been available on American full-size cars, especially until
5460-538: The company was acquired by Volkswagen Group , and is therefore NOT an EA111 engine. However, this engine was used in some Škodas after the takeover. SEAT Ibiza Mk2 (AER: 09/96–06/99, ANV: 08/99–07/00, ALD: 08/99–05/02, AUC: 07/00–05/02), SEAT Cordoba (AER: 06/97–06/99, ANV: 08/99–07/00, ALD: 08/99–08/02, AUC: 07/00–08/02), Volkswagen Lupo (AER/ALL/ANV/ALD/AUC: 11/98–05/05) (?), Volkswagen Polo Mk3 (AER: 09/96–12/99, ANV/ALD/AUC: 01/00–12/01) (?) Produced 1972–1978, 1981–1988 (Longitudinal applications) This
5551-522: The engine bay for a differential and other components required to power the front wheels. In fact, Audi's 6.0-litre W12 is slightly smaller (by overall dimensions) than the 4.2-litre V8. This model was also the first to be offered with LED running lights. In addition to the added powertrains, Audi restyled the D3 platform A8 range slightly in 2005, giving all variants a taller, wider trapezoidal single-frame grille. The top-of-the-line W12 engined W12 version
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#17327726332625642-414: The existing 4.2 V8 from the Audi C5 S6 , this engine was tuned with the assistance of VW Group subsidiary Cosworth Technology (now MAHLE Powertrain ), and featured two parallel turbochargers, known as biturbo , with two side-mounted intercoolers (SMICs). Enlarged and modified intake and exhaust ports on the new five valve cylinder heads, together with new induction and dual branch exhaust systems,
5733-458: The existing Audi 40 valve V8, this new engine is heavily revised over its predecessor, with all-new components including: crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons, cylinder heads and valvetrain, oil and cooling system, intake and exhaust system, and engine management system. It is available in two versions; a basic or comfort version, first used in the Audi Q7; and a sports-focussed high-revving version, with features borrowed from motorsport, for
5824-512: The exterior mirrors. Buyers are also offered facility to dispatch two drivers on a special training course. The A8L W12 was featured as the protagonist's car in the Transporter film series. The S8 high-performance sports variant, now called the "Audi S8 5.2 FSI quattro", was announced in the last quarter of 2005 and full production started in June 2006 and ended in September 2009. The S8 includes subtle detailing to distinguish it from its related A8. The trapezoidal "single-frame" grille bears
5915-513: The first fully electric full-size car sold in North America. For the 2013 model year, the Chevrolet Impala became the final American-market full-size sedan sold with a front bench seat . By the mid-2010s, full-size cars began seeing a steep decline in sales in North America, with SUVs replacing much of the full-size segment. At the end of the decade, demand for sedans (of all sizes) shifted towards vehicles of other layouts, reducing or shuttering production of sedans entirely. In 2018, Ford announced
6006-400: The first model lines to see major change. While General Motors and Ford would reduce the exterior footprint of their full-size lines to that of their intermediates, AMC withdrew its Ambassador and Matador full-size lines (to concentrate on production of mid-size vehicles). To save production costs, Chrysler repackaged its intermediates using the erstwhile full-size names, moving on to exiting
6097-422: The front wheels. The S8's top speed is electronically limited to 250 km/h (155 mph). Audi's factory performance claims indicate a 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) time of 5.1 seconds whilst consuming 98 RON unleaded petrol. The S8 has similar performance to Audi's own top-of-the-line A8 L W12 , though the W12 is more expensive, has more torque, and built on a longer wheelbase. Compared to
6188-435: The gearbox. This engine was originally developed by Škoda Auto , before the company was acquired by Volkswagen Group , and is therefore NOT an EA111 engine. However, this engine was used in some Škodas after the takeover. Produced: 1977–1994 (Transverse), 1978–1983 (Longitudinal) This engine is manufactured at the Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav This engine was originally developed by Škoda Auto , before
6279-431: The increased use of mid-size cars, vans, and SUVs grew in use as family vehicles. Between 1960 and 1994, the market share of full-size cars declined from 65 to only 8.3 percent. From 1990 until 1992, both GM and Ford redesigned its full-size car lines for the first time since the late 1970s. For the 1992 model year, Chrysler introduced a new front-wheel drive full-size car line, replacing the Eagle Premier/Dodge Monaco with
6370-421: The interior, the seats received a new, horizontal stitch pattern. Also, the 3.7-litre V8 FWD model was dropped, leaving the 2.8 V6 model and the long-wheelbase and short-wheelbase 4.2-litre quattro. These restyled cars also featured revised external door handles and an integrated radio antenna. For 2000, the North American A8 line-up was expanded to include the A8 L. In 2001, Audi introduced its new W12 engine ,
6461-515: The main contributing designers. Grouping major controls nearer to the driver for a more driver focused identity whilst creating a more airy and spacious feel were early priorities for the interior design team, which was headed by Jurgen Albamonte. This was in part facilitated by the Multi Media Interface (MMI) designed by Jurgen Schröder, that pioneered on the D3 A8 after the Audi Avantissimo concept car preview, and also by class leading colour and trim from Barbara Krömeke and Melinda Jenkins. Under
6552-467: The metric power figure of kilowatts (kW) will be stated as the primary figure of reference. For the turning force generated by the engine, the newton metre (N⋅m) will be the reference figure of torque. Furthermore, in accordance with European automotive traditions, engines shall be listed in the following ascending order of preference: The petrol engines which Volkswagen Group is currently manufacturing and installing in today's vehicles can be found in
6643-550: The previous version, two body variants of the second generation A8 are offered, the A8 (standard, or short wheelbase), and the long- wheelbase (LWB) A8 L. The A8 L adds 120 mm (4.7 inches) to the rear legroom and 11 mm (0.43 in) to the overall height of the car. For quattro all-wheel drive models, a ZF 6HP26-A61 (lower torque capacity 6HP19 version for 6 cylinder models) six-speed tiptronic automatic transmission with "Dynamic Shift Programme" (DSP) and "sport" mode, with optional steering wheel mounted paddle-shifters,
6734-578: The sales of all Ford-branded passenger cars (except for the Mustang ) would end in North America by 2022. General Motors announced the closure of several manufacturing facilities in the United States and Canada, with the production of the Chevrolet Impala and Buick LaCrosse ending in 2020. As of 2022, full-size cars from Asian manufacturers include the Lexus LS , Genesis G80 / G90 , Nissan Maxima , and Toyota Avalon . Another car from an Asian manufacturer,
6825-535: The segment in 1981. During the 1980s, manufacturers further reduced the exterior footprint of several model lines from the full-size segment into the mid-size class to comply with more stringent CAFE standards. With the 1982 model year, Chrysler exited the full-size segment entirely, with the mid-size Dodge Diplomat and Plymouth Gran Fury serving as its largest sedan lines. Following the 1985 model year, General Motors replaced most of its full-size rear-wheel-drive model lines with smaller front-wheel drive sedans on
6916-496: The supervision of Dany Garand, during the first half of 2000 exterior and interior clay models were digitized and developed using digital design tools in a supporting, not leading, capacity. The D3 final production design was later frozen in the summer of 2000 for an August 2002 start of production. The A8 was previewed at the 2001 Frankfurt Motor Show by the Audi Avantissimo concept car. This concept introduced much of
7007-452: The technology later available on the series production A8 D3, including: Multi Media Interface , 6-speed automatic transmission with shift paddles, V8 biturbo engine (RS6), self-levelling adaptive air suspension with continuously controlled damping , electric park brake , bi-xenon headlights with static Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) curve headlights, dashboard, driver identification systems with fingerprint scanner . As with
7098-624: The third engine developed by Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. , and the first since Lamborghini was acquired by AUDI AG , this engine shares many technologies with other Audi-developed engines, although it is not directly based on any existing designs. It is constructed in two distinct stages: all components within the cylinder block and crankcase are built up at the Audi Hungaria Motor Kft. factory in Győr , with final assembly being completed at Sant'Agata Bolognese . This Audi V10 TFSI –
7189-514: Was acquired by Volkswagen Group, and is therefore NOT an EA111 engine. However, this engine was used in some VWs after the takeover. This engine entered production in November 1996, after supplies of the Ford-built 1.0 had dried up. It was called the AT-1000 by Volkswagen do Brasil . Produced: 1981–1996 This engine weighs in at only 84 kg (185 lb) including the clutch but not
7280-626: Was added later. Full-size Full-size car —also known as large car —is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than mid-size cars . It is the largest size class for cars. In the United Kingdom, this class is referred to as the executive car , while in Europe, it is known as E-segment or F-segment . The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year (dated July 1996) includes definitions for classes of automobiles. Based on
7371-492: Was also fitted with a multi-baffled two-section oil sump to help prevent oil starvation during high g-force manoeuvres. The 2.8 V6 is a stroke-reduced version of the 3.2 V6 FSI introducing the Audi valvelift variable control of inlet valve lift. This engine unveiled in 2000 is an all-aluminium alloy, longer stroke version of the 2.8 V6 . This VR6 engine was often badged as a "V6" in Audi models All Volkswagen Group V8 and W8 petrol engines are constructed from
7462-465: Was chosen and frozen for series production in mid-1991. In September 1993, the Audi Space Frame (ASF) Concept was unveiled at the 1993 Frankfurt Motor Show (IAA) as a D2 Typ 4D prototype in polished aluminum. Pilot production began in December 1993 and development ended in early 1994, at a total cost of $ 700 million (£418.1 million). The Audi A8 ( Typ 4D) was presented in February 1994 and debuted at
7553-465: Was in part due to the body being made from aluminium, a material less able to take the small radii of sharp feature lines such as those on the (steel bodied) A4 (B6) designed in 1998. In parallel to the exterior design development, the interior design was progressed with a total of four full-size models produced, and the production car's horizontally-themed instrument panel design dominant from early on, with Norbert Schneider, Mark Bergold and Enzo Rothfuss
7644-539: Was only used in the Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) (T3 Transporter / Caravelle / Vanagon / T25). This all-aluminium alloy engine is manufactured at the Škoda Auto plant in Mladá Boleslav . The EA111 series of internal combustion engines was initially developed by Audi under Ludwig Kraus’s leadership and introduced in the mid-1970s in the Audi 50 , and shortly after in the original Volkswagen Polo . It
7735-498: Was placed on 'refinement', 'comfort' and 'sportiness' – as required for installation in Audi high-performance luxury cars. As well as gaining two additional cylinders compared to the V8, it has been bored by an extra two millimetres, and also shares the 90 degree (°) cylinder bank angle of the recent Audi V engines . Audi continue to use the Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) technology, originally developed in
7826-644: Was released a year later and was the only transmission available in most other markets. A retuned, 20-millimetre (0.8 in) lowered sports suspension included a 30 percent stiffer spring rate and 40 percent more compression damping in the shock absorbers . Speed-sensitive " servotronic " power assisted steering was also standard. The brakes featured Bosch 5.3 anti-lock braking system (ABS), with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD), and worked radially ventilated front discs . From 2002, an upgraded Bosch 5.7 electronic stability programme became standard fitment. The second-generation Audi A8 ( Typ 4E) built on
7917-551: Was replaced with a new 3.1-litre unit (badged as "3.2") featuring Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI), which it shared with the Audi B7 A4 and Audi C6 A6 . The top-of-the-line W12 version debuted that year. The advantage of the W12 engine layout is its compact packaging, allowing Audi to build a 12-cylinder sedan with all-wheel drive, whereas a conventional V12 could only have a rear-wheel drive configuration as it would have no space in
8008-604: Was sometimes badged as a "V5". This engine was only used in the North American, South American, and is being used in Middle Eastern markets, as the replacement for the inline-four naturally aspirated 2.0-litre 8v. This engine was replaced by the GEN3 EA888 I4 in North America. This 2.4 V6 is a smaller version of the all-alloy 3.2 V6 FSI – without the variable intake manifold and the FSI direct injection. Based on
8099-480: Was the first model to be equipped with this grille; V8 engined models were fitted with the new grille the following year. The W12 variant was known for its appearance as the hero car in Transporter 2 , and its sequel, Transporter 3 . The D3 generation A8 introduced the 235 kW (315 hp) 4.1-litre Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) V8 engine (subsequently uprated to 240 kW (322 hp)). It
8190-432: Was to design and develop a car that would be substantially lighter than any other vehicles in its class (to compensate for the fact that standard all-wheel drive was around 100 kg (220 lb) heavier than competitors' rear-wheel drive). In the late 1980s, it was decided that the target vehicle would be a successor to the V8 (Typ 4C) flagship introduced in 1988. By 1990, a final design by Chris Bird and Dirk van Braeckel
8281-400: Was unusual in its day for a production automobile , but has gone on to power millions of vehicles around the world, being considered one of the most reliable automotive engines of all eras. The Volkswagen wasserboxer was a horizontally opposed , or boxer , water-cooled four-cylinder petrol engine. It was introduced in 1982, and was produced for ten years, ending in 1992. The wasserboxer
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