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133-581: The Hellenic Navy is a Green-water navy . The total displacement of the fleet is approximately 150,000 tons. The HN also operates a number of naval aviation units. The motto of the Hellenic Navy is "Μέγα τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κράτος" from Thucydides ' account of Pericles ' oration on the eve of the Peloponnesian War . This has been translated as "The rule of the sea is a great matter". The Hellenic Navy's emblem consists of an anchor in front of

266-511: A light aircraft carrier . Quoting US military expert Richard Parley's estimates, the report argued that the new warship will offer Turkey unprecedented strike capabilities in the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean . The Turkish Navy , as of 2021, has a total of 156 naval assets, but Turkey plans to add a total of 24 new ships, which include four frigates , before the Republic reaches

399-440: A monopoly on violence over a permanent territory . Beyond a lack of government , it can more precisely refer to societies that lack any form of authority or hierarchy . While viewed positively by anarchists , the primary advocates of anarchy, it is viewed negatively by advocates of statism , who see it in terms of social disorder . The word "anarchy" was first defined by Ancient Greek philosophy , which understood it to be

532-455: A social revolution . Upon joining the IWA, in 1869, Bakunin drew up a programme for such a Brotherhood, in which he infused the word "anarchy" with a more positive connotation: We do not fear anarchy, we invoke it. For we are convinced that anarchy, meaning the unrestricted manifestation of the liberated life of the people, must spring from liberty, equality, the new social order, and the force of

665-706: A 3rd tier "Medium Global Force Projection Navy" – a green-water navy with the capacity to project force worldwide with the aid of more powerful maritime allies (e.g. United Kingdom, France and the United States). In this context, the Royal Canadian Navy ranked itself alongside the navies of Australia and the Netherlands: The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force is considered to be a green-water navy. Overseas JMSDF deployments include participation in

798-485: A common superior". They would be subject only to natural law , with otherwise "perfect freedom to order their actions". In depicting the "state of nature" to be a free and equal society governed by natural law, Locke distinguished between society and the state. He argued that, without established laws, such a society would be inherently unstable, which would make a limited government necessary in order to protect people's natural rights . He likewise argued that limiting

931-585: A cooperation agreement for the construction of the Themistocles class corvette during Greek PM's visit to Israel . This is a multipurpose warship based on the Israeli Sa'ar 72-class corvette design, at 72 meters length and displacement of around 800 tons. It will be able of speeds above 30 knots with an extended endurance. It can operate a medium size marine helicopter, but also supports unique possibilities of deploying Special Forces units. The agreement

1064-523: A corrupted form of direct democracy , although it later came to be conceived of as its own form of political regime, distinct from any kind of democracy. According to the traditional conception of political regimes, anarchy results when authority is derived from a majority of people who pursue their own interests. During the Middle Ages , the word "anarchia" came into use in Latin, in order to describe

1197-530: A corrupted form of direct democracy , where a majority of people exclusively pursue their own interests. This use of the word made its way into Latin during the Middle Ages , before the concepts of anarchy and democracy were disconnected from each other in the wake of the Atlantic Revolutions . During the Age of Enlightenment , philosophers began to look at anarchy in terms of the " state of nature ",

1330-478: A crossed Christian cross and trident , with the cross symbolizing Greek Orthodoxy , and the trident symbolizing Poseidon , the god of the sea in Greek mythology . Pericles' words are written across the top of the emblem. "The Navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory." The history of the Hellenic Navy begins with the birth of modern Greece , and due to

1463-593: A distorted resemblance to "true liberty" and could eventually give way to "the best form of human society". This positive conception of anarchy was soon taken up by other political philosophers. In his 1792 work The Limits of State Action , Wilhelm von Humboldt came to consider an anarchist society, which he conceived of as a community built on voluntary contracts between educated individuals, to be "infinitely preferred to any State arrangements". The French political philosopher Donatien Alphonse François , in his 1797 novel Juliette , questioned what form of government

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1596-620: A few days in April 1941. It was then decided to shift the remaining fleet (one cruiser – the famous Georgios Averof – three destroyers and five submarines) to join up with the British Mediterranean Fleet at Alexandria . As the war progressed, the number of Hellenic Royal Navy vessels increased after the concession of several destroyers and submarines by the British Royal Navy . The most notable aspects of

1729-507: A founding father of anarchism, Godwin himself mostly used the word "anarchy" in its negative definition, fearing that an immediate dissolution of government without any prior political development would lead to disorder. Godwin held that the anarchy could be best realised through gradual evolution, by cultivating reason through education, rather than through a sudden and violent revolution. But he also considered transitory anarchy to be preferable to lasting despotism , stating that anarchy bore

1862-466: A fourth ship to be included in the initial production line, if it so chooses. The Greek frigate HS Psara carries three reliquaries permanently on its onboard historical exhibition. Two contain the taxidermic hearts of Greek War of Independence heroes Admiral Konstantinos Kanaris and Admiral Andreas Miaoulis and one reliquary contains the remains of heroine Rear Admiral (posthumous) Laskarina Bouboulina . The frigate's exhibition can be visited when

1995-580: A free society without coercion or a state of chaos. When the word "anarchy" ( Greek : αναρχία , romanized :  anarchia ) was first defined in ancient Greece, it initially had both a positive and negative connotation, respectively referring to spontaneous order or chaos without rulers. The latter definition was taken by the philosopher Plato , who criticised Athenian democracy as "anarchical", and his disciple Aristotle , who questioned how to prevent democracy from descending into anarchy. Ancient Greek philosophy initially understood anarchy to be

2128-609: A just and moral state of nature. Proudhon posited federalism as an organizational form and mutualism as an economic form, which he believed would lead towards the end goal of anarchy. In his 1863 work The Federal Principle , Proudhon elaborated his view of anarchy as "the government of each man by himself," using the English term of "self-government" as a synonym for it. According to Proudhon, under anarchy, "all citizens reign and govern" through direct participation in decision-making. He proposed that this could be achieved through

2261-459: A lingering issue, regarding the new Type-214 ( Papanikolis class) torpedoes. An order for new multipurpose heavyweight SeaHake Mod4 torpedoes, from Atlas Elektronik , was placed. The contract also included the upgrade of older torpedoes and the purchase of new torpedo batteries. The six older and non-modernized Type-209 units ( Poseidon and Glavkos classes) will be gradually retired, without any replacement announced yet. The optimistic scenario

2394-653: A mine, resulting in the loss of the vessel's prow, while blowing the two-gun forward turret over the bridge. After some minor repairs at Gümüşlük Bay in Turkey Adrias managed to return to Alexandria in a 400-mile (640 km) trip, even though all the forepart of the ship, up to the bridge, was missing. After World War II , the Royal Hellenic Navy was significantly strengthened by the concession of British and Italian ships. The organisation also changed in line with modern naval doctrines of that era after

2527-461: A minor navy, has several times conducted sustained operations in faraway regions typical of the green-water navies. However, the differences between blue-water navies and brown or green-water navies are usually quite noticeable, for example, the US Navy was able to quickly respond to the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 and continue operations in the region with relative ease even though

2660-539: A modern green water navy of the time, but as the countries lost their coasts during World War I , their navies were confiscated, and their ports became parts of Italy and Yugoslavia . The Axis powers lost naval capabilities after their defeat in World War II , with most of Japan's Imperial Navy and Germany's Navy being disarmed and their troop and ship numbers capped and monitored by the Allies. The collapse of

2793-422: A new world, lawless and thereby free." Bakunin popularised "anarchy" as a term, using both its negative and positive definitions, in order to respectively describe the disorderly destruction of revolution and the construction of a new social order in the post-revolutionary society. Bakunin envisioned the creation of an "International Brotherhood", which could lead people through "the thick of popular anarchy" in

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2926-668: A number of destroyers. However, with the outbreak of the First World War , construction of the dreadnoughts stopped. Initially during the war, Greece followed a course of neutrality, with the Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos favouring the Entente and pro-German King Constantine I advocating neutrality. This dispute eventually led to a deep political conflict, known as the " National Schism ". In November 1916, in order to apply pressure on

3059-634: A serious step towards modernization. The outbreak of war in Europe, however, allowed only two to be delivered. Greece entered World War II with a navy consisting of two battleships, one armoured cruiser, one protected cruiser, fourteen destroyers, and six submarines. During the Greco-Italian War , the Navy took over convoy escort missions in the Ionian Sea and even embarked on three raids against

3192-738: A society without government . Anarchy is thus defined in direct contrast to the State , an institution that claims a monopoly on violence over a given territory . Anarchists such as Errico Malatesta have also defined anarchy more precisely as a society without authority , or hierarchy . Anarchy is also often defined synonymously as chaos or social disorder , reflecting the state of nature as depicted by Thomas Hobbes . By this definition, anarchy represents not only an absence of government but also an absence of governance . This connection of anarchy with chaos usually assumes that, without government, no means of governance exist and thus that disorder

3325-463: A stateless society might lead to greater happiness for humankind and has been attributed the maxim "that government is best which governs least". Jefferson's political philosophy later inspired the development of individualist anarchism in the United States , with contemporary right-libertarians proposing that private property could be used to guarantee anarchy. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was

3458-421: A system of federalism and decentralisation , in which every community is self-governing and any delegation of decision-making is subject to immediate recall . He likewise called for the economy to be brought under industrial democracy , which would abolish private property . Proudhon believed that all this would eventually lead to anarchy, as individual and collective interests aligned and spontaneous order

3591-517: A tactical data link. The weapon suite of the La Combattante IIIs remained unchanged. Thales was also responsible for the integration of existing guns, surface-to-surface missiles and torpedoes. The La Combattante IIa ships are scheduled to be decommissioned upon completion of the two newly ordered Roussen gunboats. The Hellenic Navy Submarine Command operates eleven submarines of four types. The newest and most advanced type operated

3724-405: A thought experiment used to justify various forms of hierarchical government. By the late 18th century, some philosophers began to speak in defence of anarchy, seeing it as a preferable alternative to existing forms of tyranny . This lay the foundations for the development of anarchism , which advocates for the creation of anarchy through decentralisation and federalism . As a concept, anarchy

3857-486: A €5 billion deal spreading to 2026, with the later class still being configured to meet the Hellenic Navy's needs. It is almost certain that two types will replace the Ellis , in order to maintain a ceiling of at least ten frigates/corvettes. A floating scenario was the purchase of heavy corvettes to replace a number of old Ellis . This scenario has become increasingly more possible, after Greece joined Italy and France in

3990-452: Is a green-water navy, and participates in joint operations with NATO and European allies around the world. The fleet has 54 commissioned ships, including; one amphibious assault ship (also used as an aircraft carrier ), two amphibious transport docks , 5 AEGIS destroyers (5 more under construction), 6 frigates , 7 corvettes (2 more under construction) and three conventional submarines . (4 under construction) The Republic of Korea Navy

4123-583: Is a positive anarchy [...] it is the liberty that is the MOTHER, not the daughter, of order." While acknowledging this common definition of anarchy as disorder, Proudhon claimed that it was actually authoritarian government and wealth inequality that were the true causes of social disorder. By counterposing this against anarchy, which he defined as an absence of rulers, Proudhon declared that "just as man seeks justice in equality, society seeks order in anarchy". Proudhon based his case for anarchy on his conception of

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4256-657: Is achieved. Proudhon thus came to be known as the "father of anarchy" by the anarchist movement, which emerged from the libertarian socialist faction of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA). Until the establishment of IWA in 1864, there had been no anarchist movement, only individuals and groups that saw anarchy as their end goal. One of Proudhon's keenest students was the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin , who adopted his critiques of private property and government, as well as his views on

4389-459: Is an Advanced Asymmetric Warfare Vessel that uses latest technologies and composite materials making it suitable for a number of missions including insertion and extraction of Special Operations Forces, interdiction and coastal patrol, as well as search and rescue (SAR) operations. Green-water navy A green-water navy is a maritime force that is capable of operating in its state's littoral zones and has limited competency to operate in

4522-413: Is an unavoidable outcome of anarchy. Sociologist Francis Dupuis-Déri has described chaos as a "degenerate form of anarchy", in which there is an absence, not just of rulers, but of any kind of political organization. He contrasts the "rule of all" under anarchy with the "rule of none" under chaos. Since its conception, anarchy has been used in both a positive and negative sense, respectively describing

4655-545: Is certain that Hydras will undergo a modernization program but its scale is not yet known. Plan for the Hydras is to extend their operational lifespan well into the 2030s. However, the Elli class frigates need to be replaced by new designs. The acquisition of two, with an option for two more, Naval Group FDI Belharra frigates with high-end AAW and deep missile strike (DMS utilising Scalp EG Naval ) capabilities from France

4788-412: Is commonly defined by what it excludes. Etymologically, anarchy is derived from the Greek : αναρχία , romanized :  anarchia ; where "αν" ("an") means "without" and "αρχία" ("archia") means "ruler". Therefore, anarchy is fundamentally defined by the absence of rulers . While anarchy specifically represents a society without rulers, it can more generally refer to a stateless society , or

4921-506: Is considered to be a green-water navy. In 2011, the government authorized the building of a naval base on Jeju Island to support the new Dokdo -class amphibious assault ships , the base will also be capable of supporting joint forces with the US Navy . A ski-jump for the operation of V/STOL jet fighters is being considered for the second ship of the Dokdo class. The Korean government

5054-547: Is considering to buy surplus Harriers as a possible interim for the F-35 Lightning II if they choose to operate VTOL aircraft at all. On December 3, 2021, the National Assembly passed the budget to fund a fixed-wing aircraft carrier tentatively named CVX-class aircraft carrier capable of operating F35B, expected to enter operations possibly as early as 2033 Link Link Link South Korea participates in

5187-449: Is harboured in the two major HN naval bases at Salamis Island near Piraeus and at Souda Bay on the island of Crete . Internationally, the Navy used the prefix HS (Hellenic Ship) for its vessels. The Hellenic Navy relies mainly on frigates as its primary surface heavy boats. The fleet consists of thirteen frigates. The types operated are the Hydra class (Type: Meko-200HN ) and

5320-427: Is not only prudent but also a moral and political obligation to avoid anarchy and submit to a state. Kant thus concluded that even if people did not desire to leave anarchy, they ought to as a matter of duty to abide by universal laws. In contrast, Edmund Burke 's 1756 work A Vindication of Natural Society , argued in favour of anarchist society in a defense of the state of nature. Burke insisted that reason

5453-582: Is primarily focused on securing the country's littorals and exclusive economic zone (EEZ), but also maintains the capacity to operate in the wider South Atlantic Ocean . Since the early 2000s, the Brazilian Navy has contributed to a number of peacekeeping and humanitarian missions : According to the criteria as outlined in the 2001 publication, " Leadmark: The Navy's Strategy for 2020 ", the Royal Canadian Navy had met its description of

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5586-477: Is replacement with four additional Type-214s, reaching a ceiling of eight units of this type. By 2030, the recently upgraded Type-209/1500 AIP (HS Okeanos , former Type-209/1200) will have exceeded 50 years since entering service; therefore it is questionable whether it will still be part of the Greek fleet by that time. There were two new Roussen class Fast Attack Missile Craft (FAMC) under construction, bringing

5719-637: Is the Type 214 Papanikolis class , which is widely considered to be among the most advanced conventional (non-nuclear) propulsion submarines in service with naval forces at the moment. The Type 214 is a diesel-electric submarine developed by the German Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft GmbH (HDW) . It features diesel propulsion with an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system using Siemens polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) hydrogen fuel cells. A contract to build four boats for

5852-624: The Elli class (Type: Kortenaer ). The Elli class frigates HS Elli and HS Limnos were sold to Greece during construction, the rest were bought directly from the Dutch Navy . The Hydra class vessels were constructed in Greece by Hellenic Shipyards Co. , except from HS Hydra that was constructed by the German company Blohm and Voss based in Hamburg . Modernization of six frigates

5985-682: The Roussen (Super-Vita) , Laskos (La Combattante III) , Kavaloudis (La Combattante IIIb) and Votsis (La Combattante IIa) classes. The La Combattante III and La Combattante IIIb classes were upgraded in 2006. For the La Combattante III craft, Thales delivered a TACTICOS combat management system, including four multi-functional operator consoles, one surveillance radar, a fire-control tracking system, one electro-optical tracking and fire control system, an integrated low-probability-of-interception radar, two target designation sights and

6118-651: The Zumwalt -class destroyer and the littoral combat ships ; modeling has suggested that current NATO frigates are vulnerable to swarms of 4-8 small boats in green water. Rubel has proposed redefining green water as those areas of ocean which are too dangerous for high-value units, requiring offensive power to be dispersed into smaller vessels such as submarines that can use stealth and other characteristics to survive. Under his scheme, brown water would be zones in which ocean-going units could not operate at all, including rivers, minefields, straits, and other choke points. As

6251-413: The Age of Enlightenment contrasted the state with what they called the " state of nature ", a hypothetical description of stateless society, although they disagreed on its definition. Thomas Hobbes considered the state of nature to be a "nightmare of permanent war of all against all". In contrast, John Locke considered it to be a harmonious society in which people lived "according to reason, without

6384-518: The Caspian Sea . Though this force expanded its arsenal by building missile corvettes and forward base ships , Like 4 Shahid Soleimani-class double hulled ships (1 under construction)to operate much further than Iranian local waters: Anarchy List of forms of government Anarchy is a form of society without rulers . As a type of stateless society , it is commonly contrasted with states , which are centralised polities that claim

6517-617: The Combined Task Force 150 , and an additional task force in the Indian Ocean from 2009 to combat piracy in Somalia . The first postwar overseas naval air facility of Japan was established next to Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport : The Royal Netherlands Navy has been officially described as a 3rd tier "Medium Global Force Projection Navy" – or a green-water navy with the capacity to project force worldwide with

6650-587: The Combined Task Force 151 with the expeditionary force Cheonghae Unit : According to a report by Haifa University , Turkey 's naval might has become a significant source of concern for the Middle East and the Balkans , as they have greatly modernized its maritime force in recent years. The study puts the Turkish Naval Forces as the strongest in the region ( Middle East ), and describes

6783-548: The European Patrol Corvette (EPC/PESCO) consortium in early 2020 for the construction of a new advanced 3,000 ton corvette, with Spain joining the program as well. New ships, for all involved Navies, are not likely to enter service before 2027 or 2030 at the earliest. Greece maintains a mixed fleet of modern and older submarine units. In December 2019, the Hellenic Ministry of Defence resolved

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6916-626: The Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 in Asia Minor. After Greece's defeat, the 1920s and early 1930s were a politically turbulent period, with the economy in a bad state, so the Navy received no new units, apart from the modernization of four destroyers and the acquisition of six French submarines in 1927 and four Italian destroyers in 1929. In 1938, Greece ordered four modern Greyhound -class destroyers in British shipyards, making

7049-596: The Greek Government on the type and country of origin of the new Hellenic ships, was scheduled for 2021. Final decision was made in September 28 of 2021 and after many months of deliberations. During his visit to the French capital and his meeting with President Emmanuel Macron, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced the procurement of 3+1 French FDI-HN Frigates and 3+1 Gowind-HN class Corvettes in

7182-570: The Hydra class in a €5 billion deal that initially extends up to 2026. Since 2022, three frigates of the Kimon Class have been under construction in France by Naval Group . These are HS Kimon (F-601), HS Nearchos (F-602) and HS Formion (F-603). Delivery of HS Kimon (F-601) is scheduled for early 2025 and the rest are to follow over the succeeding months. Greece has a contracted option for

7315-611: The Mediterranean and has a fleet of 9 frigates (2 under construction), 17 corvettes and 35 conventional submarines (2 under construction). Additionally, Iran has a second navy branch, The IRGC-N . Naval branch of IRGC mostly operates land-based cruise missiles and speedboats each carrying a variety of weapons, from anti-ship missiles to torpedoes and even rockets. This is suitable for the mission this force has, protecting local waters in Persian Gulf , Gulf of Oman , and

7448-497: The Pacific Ocean , often as part of international or allied coalitions. The RAN operates a modern fleet, consisting of destroyers, frigates, conventional submarines as well as an emerging amphibious and power projection capability based on the commissioning of HMAS  Choules and two Canberra -class landing helicopter docks : The Brazilian Navy has frequently been dubbed a "green-water" force by experts. The navy

7581-509: The Type 209 submarines , whereas US military aid continued in the form of FRAM II type destroyers. In 1979, the Hellenic Navy placed an order in the Netherlands for two modern Standard-class frigates (the Elli class ). These were the first acquisitions of new main surface vessels, rather than the use of second-hand ships, in almost four decades. The arrivals of Hydra class (MEKO 200 HN) and more Standard-class frigates along with

7714-637: The USSR also brought with it the collapse of the second-largest naval force in the world, and the largest submarine force in the world. Although the Russian Federation made sure to inherit the most capable ships, passing most older models to successor states, as it had lost the logistical capabilities of the Soviet Navy , it was no longer able to operate away from Russian shores for extended periods of time. Moreover, budget cuts forced large cuts in

7847-583: The United States to replace older Ellis and proposed to the US a wider package of upgrades and future coproduction opportunities involving the Constellation class frigate, currently being developed for the US Navy . The final decision on the type and origin of the new frigates was scheduled to be made in 2021, after examining closely all available proposals from a list of other countries, apart from

7980-654: The United States Navy , who use it to refer to the portion of their fleet that specializes in offensive operations in coastal waters. Nowadays such ships rely on stealth or speed to avoid destruction by shore batteries or land-based aircraft. The US Navy has also used the term to refer to the first phase of the expansion of the Chinese Navy into a full blue-water navy . Subsequently, other authors have applied it to other national navies that can project power locally but cannot sustain operations at range without

8113-599: The eternal existence of the Christian God . It later came to reconstitute its original political definition, describing a society without government. Christian theologists came to claim that all humans were inherently sinful and ought to submit to the omnipotence of higher power, with the French Protestant reformer John Calvin declaring that even the worst form of tyranny was preferable to anarchy. The Scottish Quaker Robert Barclay also denounced

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8246-461: The "Neptune I" modernisation program and the Poseidon and Okeanos vessels with the "Neptune II" program. The Okeanos upgrade included AIP capabilities very similar to Type 214 so extensive to justify HS Okeanos as a new, separate class when compared to the rest of Type 209/1200 vessels. New dimensions are similar to Type 214 boats. The Navy operates the endogenous AAWV Aginor (Αγήνωρ) which

8379-660: The "anarchy" of libertines such as the Ranters . In contrast, radical Protestants such as the Diggers advocated for anarchist societies based on common ownership . Although following attempts to establish such a society, the Digger Gerard Winstanley came to advocate for an authoritarian form of communism . During the 16th century, the term "anarchy" first came into use in the English language . It

8512-421: The 100th anniversary of its founding in 2023: Recently Iran has tried to expand its naval presence out of its own territorial waters by building new indigenous warships like Mowj-class frigates. Iran also participates in joint naval exercises with countries like Russia , China and India . The Iranian navy mostly operates in the Persian Gulf , Gulf of Oman , Indian Ocean , Red Sea , Caspian Sea , and

8645-550: The Aegean Sea was secured for Greece. The Balkan Wars were followed by a rapid escalation in 1914 between Greece and the Ottoman Empire over the status of the islands of the eastern Aegean. Both governments embarked on a naval armaments race, with Greece purchasing the battleships Lemnos and Kilkis and the light cruiser Elli as well as ordering two dreadnoughts , Vasilefs Konstantinos and Salamis and

8778-627: The EU's so-called Permanent Structured Cooperation . Naviris expected the EU fund to issue a Request for Proposal for projects in 2020, with proposals to then be submitted by industry in 2021, and for decisions on fund allocation to be made the same year. Also, plans for the Hellenic Navy to acquire the Sa'ar 72 Israeli corvette of the new Themistocles class [1] came to fruition after an agreement signed in June 2020, with exclusive production in Greece. Frigates are

8911-620: The FAC were built in the late ‘70s. Four of them have been modernised extensively and the new ships have integrated all updates. All older vessels of other types, with the exemption of three Votsis class boats which are about to be retired soon with the introduction of the new Roussens , have replaced their old MM38 and Penguin missile systems with Harpoon launchers. In addition, the boats that had no electro-optical tracking (Mirador) sensors, received new endogenous Miltech [2] TDR-10A and TDR-300 systems. The fleet also consists of ten gunboats . With

9044-433: The Greek flagship Hellas , to take up the throne as King George I of Greece . During the 1866 Cretan revolt, the Royal Hellenic Navy ships were in no condition to support it. Such failure led to the government awakening to the problem of naval insufficiency and the adoption of a policy stating that: "The navy, as it represents a necessary weapon for Greece, should only be created for war and aim to victory." Because of this,

9177-425: The Hellenic Navy was signed between February 2000 and June 2002. The first boat was built at HDW in Kiel , Germany , and the rest at Hellenic Shipyards Co. in Skaramangas , Greece. The Hellenic Navy named them the Papanikolis class. Other types operated are the 209/1100 Glavkos class , the 209/1200 Poseidon class and one boat of the 209/1500 AIP Okeanos class . The Glavkos submarines were upgraded with

9310-414: The Hellenic Royal Navy's participation in World War II include the operations of the destroyer Vasilissa Olga which, until sunk in Leros on September 23, 1943, was the most successful Allied destroyer in the Mediterranean Sea ; the participation of two destroyers in Operation Overlord ; and the story of the destroyer Adrias , which while operating close to the coast of Kalymnos in October 1943 hit

9443-460: The Italian supply convoys in the Strait of Otranto , although without success. The most important role was given to the submarines, which although obsolete, sank some Italian cargo ships in the Adriatic, losing one submarine in the process. The Greek submarine force (six boats) was however too small to be able to seriously hinder the supply lines between Italy and Albania (between 28 October 1940 and 30 April 1941, Italian ships made 3,305 voyages across

9576-449: The Navy, of an advanced Asymmetric Warfare Vessel (AWV) that uses the latest technologies and composite materials. The first vessels have already been added to the Navy’s fleet. They are capable of a number of missions including insertion and extraction of Special Operations Forces, interdiction and coastal patrol, as well as search and rescue (SAR) operations. In April 2020 the Navy received

9709-578: The Otranto straits, carrying 487,089 military personnel, including 22 field divisions , and 584,392 tons of supplies while losing overall only seven merchant ships and one escort ship). When Nazi Germany attacked Greece , the RHN suffered heavily at the hands of the Luftwaffe , with 25 ships, including the old battleship, now artillery training ship, Kilkis and the hulk of her sister Lemnos , lost within

9842-628: The Sultan called upon his strongest subject, Muhammad Ali of Egypt , for aid. Plagued by internal strife and financial difficulties in keeping the fleet in constant readiness, the Greeks failed to prevent the capture and destruction of Kasos and Psara in 1824, or the landing of the Egyptian army at Modon . Despite victories at Samos and Gerontas, the Revolution was threatened with collapse until

9975-547: The Turkish navy as being a "green-water navy". According to Israeli Colonel Shlomo Guetta, one of the report's authors, Turkey is building a Navy that characterises a regional power and can conduct long-range operations. Guetta also highlighted the Turkish Navy 's strike force and intervention capacity. A flagship project is the construction of TCG Anadolu , a drone-carrying amphibious assault ship that can serve as

10108-549: The US Naval War College includes bays in his definition of brown water, and in the past US military commentators have extended brown water out to 100 nautical miles (190 km) from shore. During the Cold War , green water denoted those areas of ocean in which naval forces might encounter land-based aircraft. The development of long-range bombers with anti-ship missiles turned most of the oceans to "green" and

10241-662: The US. France , Germany , the Netherlands and the UK also participated in the selection process. Finally, in September 2021 the decision for the future of the HN frigate fleet was announced, including gradual replacement of the Elli class with the French-built Belharra Hellenique ( Frégate de défense et d'intervention - FDI) class warships, officially constituting the Navy’s new Kimon Class, and modernisation of

10374-421: The United States and Germany, lasted for months after France was eventually awarded the contract. He also announced the immediate upgrade of all four Hydra (Meko-200HN) class frigates , already in service. Greece has also signed on to a program between Italy and France in making a new multirole heavy corvette, with Spain joining as well. The program, dubbed the European Patrol Corvette , has also been inserted in

10507-526: The acquisition of four Multi-Mission Surface Combatants ( Freedom class MMSCs) , also known as Littoral combat ships , that are already in full production for Saudi Arabia , also tested and in use by the US Navy . The Germans came to the table with the Meko-A200 design, a new and advanced version of the Meko-200HN, that could additionally offer homogeneity to the fleet, especially after the upgrade of

10640-639: The aid of more powerful maritime allies (e.g. Britain, France and the United States). In this context, the Royal Netherlands Navy ranks alongside the navies of Australia and Canada, while the USN is a 1st tier global blue-water navy and Britain and France are 2nd tier blue-water navies. For many years since the end of the Cold War, the Royal Netherlands Navy has been changing its role from national defence to overseas intervention: The Spanish Navy

10773-478: The area of Faneromeni of Salamis and a few years later it was transferred to the area of Arapis where it remains today. At the same time the Naval Academy was founded and Ilias Kanellopoulos was made Director. A French naval mission , headed by Admiral Laurent Joseph Lejeune  [ fr ] , introduced a new, advanced naval organization and the methodological training of enlisted personnel through

10906-710: The complete modernization and upgrade of four other aircraft in Hellenic Aerospace (HAI) . The option included the complete modernization and upgrade of that aircraft as well. The "interim solution" aircraft has already been delivered, while all the remaining aircraft are expected to be delivered by 2023. The Hellenic Navy will soon begin the use of a new UAV called Archytas. This will be a VTOL aircraft used for surveillance and it will be able to take-off and land on warships. It may also be lightly armed. However, this will not be flying until 2024. [REDACTED] The Hellenic Navy's fleet of warships and auxiliary boats

11039-528: The desirability of anarchy. During the Revolutions of 1848 , Bakunin wrote of his hopes of igniting a revolutionary upheaval in the Russian Empire , writing to the German poet Georg Herwegh that: "I do not fear anarchy, but desire it with all my heart". Although he still used the negative definition of anarchy as disorder, he nevertheless saw the need for "something different: passion and life and

11172-455: The education of officers were initiated. Young people were initially trained at the military school of Scholi Evelpidon and afterwards they were transferred to the navy, as there was no such thing as a Naval Academy. In 1831, Greece descended into anarchy with numerous areas, including Mani and Hydra , in revolt. It was during this revolt that the flagship Hellas , docked at Poros, was set on fire by Admiral Andreas Miaoulis. Capodistrias

11305-452: The entrance into NATO in 1952. At the beginning of the 1950s, US military aid formed the core of the country's armed forces. The Royal Hellenic Navy received the first Bostwick -class destroyers which took on the name Beasts (Θηρία), while withdrawing the British ones. The next significant change was during the early 1970s, when Greece was the first Mediterranean naval force to order missile-equipped fast attack craft (Combattante II) and

11438-459: The establishment of a training school in the old building of the naval base in Poros. During the government of Charilaos Trikoupis in 1889, the fleet was further increased with the acquisition of new battleships: Hydra , Spetsai , and Psara from France. Thus, when Greece went to war in the Greco-Turkish War in 1897, the Hellenic Navy established its dominance in the Aegean Sea. However, it

11571-407: The exception of the four Machitis class (Osprey HSY-56A) , the rest of the gunboats need modernization and, some of them, replacement. The two Asheville class boats are at least 50 years old. The remaining four boats (Osprey-55 and HSY-56) have already received new electro-optical systems. On June 16, 2020, ONEX Neorion Shipyards SA in the Greek island of Syros and Israel Shipyards LTD signed

11704-616: The first four Mark V Special Operations Craft , ordered via the United States Excess Defense Articles programme. The craft are utilised by the Underwater Demolition Command . In 2019, the U.S. State Department cleared a $ 600 million foreign military sale (FMS) of seven MH-60R Seahawk multi-mission helicopters to Greece. In July 2020, Greece signed a contract for the purchase of four new units, via this program. In November of

11837-505: The first person known to self-identify as an anarchist, adopting the label in order to provoke those that took anarchy to mean disorder. Proudhon was one of the first people to use the word "anarchy" ( French : anarchie ) in a positive sense, to mean a free society without government. To Proudhon, as anarchy did not allow coercion, it could be defined synoymously with liberty . In arguing against monarchy , he claimed that "the Republic

11970-470: The fleet was supplied with new and bigger ships, reflecting a number of innovations including the use of iron in shipbuilding industry and the invention of the torpedo; with these advances, the effectiveness and the appearance of the Hellenic Navy changed. Meanwhile, after 1878, because of the Russo-Turkish War and the need to expand the Greek navy, a new and larger naval base was established in

12103-543: The help of other countries. Such navies typically have amphibious ships and sometimes small aircraft carriers, which can be escorted by destroyers and frigates with some logistical support from tankers and other auxiliaries. The elements of maritime geography are loosely defined and their meanings have changed throughout history. The US's 2010 Naval Operations Concept defines blue water as "the open ocean", green water as "coastal waters, ports and harbors", and brown water as "navigable rivers and their estuaries". Robert Rubel of

12236-401: The inefficient training of the officers, coupled with conflict between those who pursued modernization and those who were stalwarts of the traditions of the veterans of the struggle for independence, resulted in a restricted and inefficient navy, which was limited to policing the sea and the pursuit of pirates . During the 1850s, the more progressive elements of the navy won out and the fleet

12369-641: The intervention of the Great Powers in the Battle of Navarino in 1827. There the Egypto-Ottoman fleet was decisively defeated by the combined fleets of the Britain , France and the Russian Empire , effectively securing the independence of Greece. When Ioannis Capodistrias became governor of newly liberated Greece in 1828, the Greek fleet consisted of few remaining ships, which had participated in

12502-576: The island and the Kasos Massacre during the Greek War of Independence . The two Asheville Class gunboats are former US Navy vessels, bought and transferred to Greece in 1989. The fleet consists of nineteen missile boats also known as fast attack missile craft . Two new ships (P78 and P79) entered service in 2019. The main purpose of these vessels is offensive anti-ship warfare. The Hellenic Navy operates four types of missile boats. These are

12635-467: The main heavy ships of the Navy, with 70% of the Hydra class frigates having an advanced anti-aircraft missile launching system. However, there is no dedicated Anti-aircraft Warfare (AAW) platform in the fleet since the Charles F. Adams class destroyers were decommissioned in the late 90s. The oldest ship in the frigate fleet is just over 40 years old ( HS Kountouriotis , commissioned in 1978) while

12768-453: The maritime nature of the country, it has always featured prominently in modern Greece's military history. At the beginning of the Greek War of Independence , the naval forces of the Greeks consisted primarily of the merchant fleet of the Saronic islanders from Hydra , Spetsai and Poros and also the islanders of Psara and Samos . The fleet was of crucial importance to the success of

12901-404: The modernization of Standard-class frigates with new electronics and radar systems and the modernization of Glaukos and Poseidon -class submarines with new sonars, electronics and air-independent propulsion engines (programs Neptune I/II). The Hellenic Navy maintains a large number of surface vessels and submarines in its inventory. However, the vast majority of warships in active service are in

13034-551: The new American FFG(X) type frigate. The FFG(X) type frigate, now named Constellation class , is a multi-mission guided-missile ship, under development for the United States Navy by Fincantieri Marinette Marine . However all other proposals, also including those from the Netherlands, the UK, Spain and Italy, remained on the table pending closest evaluation of the packages offered by all participating companies. The final decision by

13167-489: The number of vessels of this type up to seven; The 6th ship was commissioned operational in July 2020, with the seventh and final ship expected Autumn 2020. This was after a more than ten-year delay due to financial and structural problems faced by Elefsis Shipyard that was contracted to build the ships. There are no changes in the initial design, despite 20 years since the first vessel in the class entered service. The majority of

13300-667: The orders for more missile corvettes, Poseidon -class ( Type 209 ) submarines and naval helicopters allowed the retirement of the obsolete vessels. Greece also received four Charles F. Adams -class destroyers from the US Navy in 1991–1992. All four were decommissioned after only ten years in service, since their electronics and armament eventually became obsolete and they required large crews. The advance continued when Greece ordered Type 214 submarines that feature an air-independent propulsion (AIP) system, Sikorsky S-70B-6/10 Aegean Hawk helicopters and Project 1232.2 Zubr -class hovercraft from Russia and Ukraine . Later actions included

13433-479: The preeminent blue-water navy of the early 21st century, the US Navy is able to define maritime geography in terms of offensive action in the home waters of its enemies, without being constrained by logistics. This is not true for most other navies, whose supply chains and air cover typically limit them to power projection within a few hundred kilometers of home territory. A number of countries are working on overcoming these constraints. Other authors have started to apply

13566-500: The process of either being replaced by more modern and advanced designs, being refurbished, or being retired. The Navy is awaiting delivery of a three FDI Belharra frigates from France with an option for one more after the Greek Prime Minister announced the purchase from Greece of four new multirole heavy frigates in September 2020, that will replace older Elli class vessels. Deliberations with other parties, including

13699-431: The reach of the state was reasonable when peaceful cooperation without a state was possible. His thoughts on the state of nature and limited government ultimately provided the foundation for the classical liberal argument for laissez-faire . Immanuel Kant defined "anarchy", in terms of the "state of nature", as a lack of government. He discussed the concept of anarchy in order to question why humanity ought to leave

13832-435: The revolution itself against the reaction. There is no doubt that this new life – the popular revolution – will in good time organize itself, but it will create its revolutionary organization from the bottom up, from the circumference to the center, in accordance with the principle of liberty, and not from the top down or from the center to the circumference in the manner of all authority. It matters little to us if that authority

13965-589: The revolution. Its goal was to prevent as much as possible the Ottoman Navy from resupplying the isolated Ottoman garrisons and land reinforcements from the Ottoman Empire 's Asian provinces. Although Greek crews were experienced seamen, the light Greek ships, mostly armed merchantmen, were unable to stand up to the large Ottoman ships of the line in direct combat. So the Greeks conducted the equivalent of modern-day naval special operations, resorting to

14098-743: The royal government in Athens, the French confiscated the Greek ships. They continued to operate with French crews, primarily in convoy escort and patrol duties in the Aegean, until Greece entered the war on the side of the Allies in June 1917, at which point they were returned to Greece. Subsequently, the Navy took part in the Allied operations in the Aegean, in the Allied expedition in support of Denikin 's White Armies in Ukraine , and in limited operations during

14231-404: The same year, the remaining three aircraft were also included in the order. A decision was made in 2014 for the re-activation of existing Lockheed P-3B Orions and their submission to a program of overhaul, upgrade and service life extension. The contract with Lockheed Martin included the return of one aircraft to airworthy condition with the existing mission equipment as an "interim solution" and

14364-472: The search area covered the Indian Ocean. In contrast, in 2005 the then green-water Russian Navy was unable to properly respond when its AS-28 rescue vehicle became tangled in undersea cables unable to surface, relying on the blue-water Royal Navy to respond and carry out the rescue in time. Just as states build up naval capability, some lose it. For example, the Austro-Hungarian Navy was

14497-655: The ship opens to the public during National Holidays and celebrations. In January 2024, Defence Minister Nikolaos Dendias announced a proposal to manufacture seven Constellation-class frigate in Greece. The Hellenic Navy operates ten gunboats of the Osprey and Asheville classes . Both Osprey HSY-55 and Osprey HSY-56A classes are designed by the Hellenic Navy following a modular concept so that weapons and sensors can be changed as required. They were built by Hellenic Shipyards (HSY) in Greece. These vessels are similar in appearance to Osprey 55-class gunboats. The first pair

14630-409: The ships already in service. On November 6, 2020, the Navy submitted its initial preference for the acquisition of 4 MMSC Littoral Combat Ships developed by Lockheed Martin . These multi-mission frigates were part of a wider package discussed with the US, that also included upgrade of the four Hydra frigates, intermediate solution ships, and participation of Hellenic Shipyards in the development of

14763-462: The state of nature behind and instead submit to a " legitimate government ". In contrast to Thomas Hobbes, who conceived of the state of nature as a "war of all against all" which existed throughout the world, Kant considered it to be only a thought experiment . Kant believed that human nature drove people to not only seek out society but also to attempt to attain a superior hierarchical status . While Kant distinguished between different forms of

14896-435: The state of nature behind and submit to the authority of a state. Kant argued that the threat of violence incentivises humans, by the need to preserve their own safety, to leave the state of nature and submit to the state. Based on his " hypothetical imperative ", he argued that if humans desire to secure their own safety, then they ought to avoid anarchy. But he also argued, according to his " categorical imperative ", that it

15029-430: The state of nature, contrasting the "solitary" form against the "social", he held that there was no means of distributive justice in such a circumstance. He considered that, without law , a judiciary and means for law enforcement , the danger of violence would be ever-present, as each person could only judge for themselves what is right without any form of arbitration. He thus concluded that human society ought to leave

15162-541: The submarine force, such as the retirements of the Typhoon-class submarine . As the Soviet Navy was built largely around submarine warfare the losses in the submarine capability have adversely affected the capability of the newly formed Russian Navy as well. The Royal Australian Navy is well established as a green-water navy. The navy sustains a broad range of maritime operations, from the Middle East to

15295-405: The surrounding marginal seas . It is a relatively new term , and has been created to better distinguish, and add nuance, between two long-standing descriptors: blue-water navy (deep waters of open oceans) and brown-water navy (littoral waters and near to shore). As a non-doctrinal term with no concrete legal or political definition, it can be used in several different ways. It originated with

15428-608: The term "green-water navy" is subjective as numerous countries that do not have a true green-water navy maintain naval forces that are on par with countries that are recognized as having green-water navies. For example, the German Navy has near the same capability as the Canadian Navy but is not recognized as a true green-water navy. Another example is the Portuguese Navy that, despite being usually classified as

15561-547: The term "green-water navy" to any national navy that has ocean-going ships but lacks the logistical support needed for a blue-water navy. It is often not clear what they mean, as the term is used without consistency or precision. A green-water navy does not mean that the individual ships of the fleet are unable to function away from the coast or in open ocean: instead, it suggests that due to logistical reasons they are unable to be deployed for lengthy periods and must have aid from other countries to sustain long term deployments. Also,

15694-444: The term all but disappeared. After the Cold War, US amphibious task forces were sometimes referred to as the green-water navy, in contrast to the blue-water carrier battle groups. This distinction disappeared as increasing threats in coastal waters forced the amphibious ships further offshore, delivering assaults by helicopter and tiltrotor from over the horizon. This prompted the development of ships designed to operate in such waters –

15827-437: The use of fireships ( Greek : πυρπολικά or μπουρλότα ), with great success. It was in the use of such ships that courageous seamen like Konstantinos Kanaris won international renown. Under the leadership of capable admirals, most prominently Andreas Miaoulis from Hydra, the Greek fleet achieved early victories, guaranteeing the survival of the revolution in the mainland. However, as Greeks became embroiled in civil wars,

15960-445: The war for independence. The first minister of "Naval affairs" was Konstantinos Kanaris, and the most powerful ship of the fleet at that time, the frigate Hellas , had been constructed in the United States in 1825. The Hellenic Navy established its headquarters at the island of Poros and the building of a new series of ships began at the naval base, while old ships were gradually being retired. Furthermore, continuous efforts towards

16093-411: The youngest ship is just over 20 years old ( HS Salamis , commissioned in 1998). None of the ships was equipped with a remote weapon station (RWS) for the purpose of asymmetric warfare and coastal defence and the electronic countermeasures systems (ECM) were absent or obsolete. Raytheon has now installed new electro-optical systems on the ships that were previously not equipped with such sensors. It

16226-543: Was all that was needed to govern society and that "artificial laws" had been responsible for all social conflict and inequality, which led him to denounce the church and the state. Burke's anti-statist arguments preceded the work of classical anarchists and directly inspired the political philosophy of William Godwin . In his 1793 book Political Justice , Godwin proposed the creation of a more just and free society by abolishing government, concluding that order could be achieved through anarchy. Although he came to be known as

16359-427: Was assassinated a few months after. When the new King Otto arrived in the Greek capital, Nafplion , in 1832 aboard the British warship HMS Madagascar , the Greek fleet consisted of one corvette, three brigs, six schooners, two gunboats, two steamboats and a few more small vessels. The first naval school was founded in 1846 on the corvette Loudovikos and Leonidas Palaskas was assigned as its director. However,

16492-461: Was augmented with more ships. In 1855, the first iron propeller-driven ships were ordered from England. These were the steamships Panopi  [ el ] , Pliksavra , Afroessa  [ el ] , and Sfendoni . On October 29, 1863, following an enthronement ceremony in his native Copenhagen and a tour of several of the European capitals, Prince Wilhelm of Denmark arrived aboard

16625-523: Was best. He argued that it was passion, not law, that had driven human society forward, concluding by calling for the abolition of law and a return to a state of nature by accepting anarchy. He concluded by declaring anarchy to be the best form of political regime, as it was law that gave rise to tyranny and anarchic revolution that was capable of bringing down bad governments. After the American Revolution , Thomas Jefferson suggested that

16758-491: Was bought from Italy. In 1910, a British naval mission arrived, headed by Admiral Lionel Grant Tufnell , in order to recommend improvements in the organization and training of the navy. The mission led to the adoption of the British style of management, organization and training, especially in the area of strategy. Shortly before the Balkan Wars , the Navy was composed of a fleet of destroyers and battleships. Its mission

16891-498: Was completed in 2010. The intention for the Hydra class vessels was, as of February 2015, to be modernised with a €400 million upgrade that would extend their operational life to 2035. These plans became a priority for the Navy in 2020, amidst rising tensions with Turkey over delimitation of maritime zones in the Eastern Mediterranean. Greece also negotiated the acquisition of four new Freedom class frigates from

17024-557: Was for the construction in Greece of seven vessels, with an option for six more. These will replace an equal number of older gunboats. In February 2020, at a special event held at the Hellenic Institute of Naval Technology (HINT), the technical director of the Unit of Submersibles and Hellenic Navy Works of Hellenic Shipyards Co. , presented project Aginor . The project was the development and construction, in collaboration with

17157-457: Was ordered on 20 February 1990. HS Pyrpolitis was launched on 16 September 1992 and HS Polemistis on 21 June 1993. Each ship can carry 25 fully equipped troops. Alternative guns and Harpoon missiles can be fitted as required. Pyrpolitis was renamed Kasos on 11 November 2005, after the island of Kasos in the Dodecanese . The ship is based in the area of Kasos, and the name recognises

17290-705: Was primarily offensive, aiming to capture the Ottoman-held islands of the Eastern Aegean and establish naval supremacy. To that end, its commander-in-chief, Rear Admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis , established a forward base at the Moudros bay at Lemnos , directly opposite the Dardanelles straits. After defeating the two Turkish sallies from the Straits at Elli (December 1912) and Lemnos (January 1913),

17423-467: Was put on hold in July 2020, despite an intense interest initially expressed by the Navy. Main reasons for this policy change by the Greek Government, were reported to be the increased cost of almost €3 billion for only two units, the exclusion by the French of co-production and the delayed delivery of the first unit, placing it in 2025 at the earliest. Meanwhile, the United States had proposed

17556-550: Was unable to change the outcome of the war on land, which was a national humiliation. In 1907, the Hellenic Navy General Staff ( Γενικό Επιτελείο Ναυτικού ) was founded, with then-Captain Pavlos Kountouriotis as its first head. After the war, in 1897, the Ottoman Empire embarked on a program of naval expansion for its fleet and as a response to that, in 1909, the cruiser Georgios Averof

17689-518: Was used to describe the disorder that results from the absence of or opposition to authority, with John Milton writing of "the waste/Wide anarchy of Chaos" in Paradise Lost . Initially used as a pejorative descriptor for democracy , the two terms began to diverge following the Atlantic Revolutions , when democracy took on a positive connotation and was redefined as a form of elected , representational government . Political philosophers of

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