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123-593: In the 18th century, Bushwick was already an established town, and the waterfront area that provided ferry service to the island of Manhattan was simply known as Bushwick Shore. The land of scrub bush that stood between Bushwick Shore and the town of Bushwick was known as Cripplebush. During the Revolutionary War occupation of the area by the British, the land was cleared, with the wood of the thickets being used for fuel. In 1800, Richard M. Woodhull purchased

246-567: A glue manufacturing plant, his first factory, in Bushwick. Immigrants from western Europe joined the original Dutch settlers. The Bushwick Chemical Works, at Metropolitan Avenue and Grand Street on the English Kills channel, was another early industry among the lime, plaster, and brickworks, coal yards, and other factories that developed along English Kills, which was dredged and made an important commercial waterway. In October 1867,

369-557: A 0.5 on the Furman Center's racial diversity index, making it the city's 35th most diverse neighborhood in 2007. Most residents are Latino American citizens from the island of Puerto Rico and immigrants from the Dominican Republic . Since the turn of the 21st century, the population of native-born Americans has increased, as have other Latino groups, particularly immigrants from Mexico and El Salvador . In 2008

492-467: A Bushwick rezoning plan covering 300 city blocks. The plan would allow for high-density development on Broadway and Myrtle and Wyckoff Avenues. The entirety of Community Board 4 had 112,388 inhabitants as of NYC Health 's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 80.4 years. This is lower than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 24% are between

615-432: A commercial retail hub. Middle-class residents who could afford to leave did so, in some cases abandoning their homes. New immigrants continued to move to the area, many from Hispanic America , but renovation and new construction was outpaced by the demolition of unsafe buildings, forcing overcrowded conditions at first. As buildings came down, the vacant lots made parts of the neighborhood look and feel desolate, resulting in

738-476: A deed from the local Lenape people for the Bushwick area, and Peter Stuyvesant chartered the area in 1661, naming it Boswijck , meaning "neighborhood in the woods" in 17th-century Dutch. Its area included the modern-day communities of Bushwick, Williamsburg , and Greenpoint . Bushwick was the last of the original six Dutch towns of Brooklyn to be established within New Netherland . The community

861-450: A fare increase, which Governor George Pataki and Mayor Rudy Giuliani had pressured the MTA to avoid. Only 4,200 riders used M service to Brooklyn during middays, with fewer than 20 passengers per car, or 80 passengers per train (the M used four-car trains during middays). Because of the low cost effectiveness of operating service to Brooklyn and because of the existence of alternate service on

984-662: A free transfer to the IND trains at Jay Street–Borough Hall ). In 1967, when the Chrystie Street Connection opened, the label MJ was assigned to the 11 service. The western half of the Myrtle Avenue Line closed on October 4, 1969, ending MJ service, which was replaced with a free transfer to the B54 bus. Several days before the scheduled closing date, some supports for the elevated structure were hit by

1107-581: A grant program focusing on residential buildings in the initiative's coverage area, which resulted in fines for dozens of landlords with lead paint hazards. The Bushwick Initiative's economic development efforts were also focused on revitalizing the Knickerbocker Avenue commercial district, and adding a thousand rat-resistant public trash cans to reduce litter. In 2019, the New York City Department of City Planning released

1230-465: A greater outflow of residents and a growth of the illegal drug trade due to a lack of job opportunities. Author Jonathan Mahler described the social and economic hardships of Bushwick after the blackout in his book Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx is Burning , explaining that the majority of neighborhood residents were living on less than $ 4,000 a year, and had to rely on some form of public assistance. By

1353-444: A shortage of affordable housing in nearby neighborhoods such as Park Slope and Williamsburg , numerous young professionals and artists have moved into converted warehouse lofts, brownstones, limestone-brick townhouses, and other renovated buildings in Bushwick. A flourishing artist community has existed in Bushwick for decades and has become more visible in the neighborhood. Dozens of art studios and galleries are scattered throughout

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1476-625: A well-known landmark in East Williamsburg was a pair of cylindrical natural gas holders located on Maspeth Avenue, built in 1927 and 1948 by Brooklyn Union Gas , and demolished in 2001. The section of Brooklyn that lies east of Bushwick Avenue, bordered by Metropolitan Avenue and Flushing Avenue on the North and South, is referred to some as being part of East Williamsburg since the region is part of EWIP. Factories and warehouses are being decommissioned due to heavy and light industry leaving

1599-761: Is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway . Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored orange since it is a part of the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan . The M operates at all times. On weekdays from 6:00 a.m to 9:00 p.m., the M operates local between 71st Avenue in Forest Hills, Queens and Metropolitan Avenue in Middle Village, Queens ; weekend daytime and late evening weekday service

1722-512: Is about 18.2 miles (29.3 km), the stations are geographically located 2.47 miles (3.98 km) apart, marking this as the shortest geographic distance between termini for any New York City Subway service that is not a shuttle service . An MJ service ran the entire BMT Myrtle Avenue Line until 1969, when the section west of Broadway in Brooklyn was demolished. Before 2010, the full-length M ran from Middle Village to southern Brooklyn via

1845-512: Is at 90 percent of the New York City Subway's capacity guidelines. Ridership on the M has been growing very rapidly since the 2010 service change, and this trend is expected to continue. In June 2016, the frequencies of service on the M route during peak hours were increased, with the expectation that peak train frequencies would be raised again in the future. From July 1, 2017, to April 30, 2018, reconstruction of two sections of

1968-409: Is commonly considered to be either East Williamsburg or part of Bushwick, occasionally with the modifier "Industrial Bushwick". The town of Bushwick—which, along with Brooklyn and Bedford, became incorporated as the city of Brooklyn on January 1, 1854—included present-day Williamsburg and Greenpoint. Prior to the merger, in the early 19th century, residential development in the area had begun when

2091-507: Is cut back to Essex Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan; late night service short turns at Myrtle Avenue–Broadway in Brooklyn. The M is the only service that travels through the same borough via two different, unconnected lines. Additionally, the M is the only non-shuttle service that has both of its full-run terminals in the same borough ( Queens ). Though the full route length between 71st Avenue and Metropolitan Avenue

2214-610: Is nevertheless considered by some to be part of Bushwick. For its entry on Bushwick–Ridgewood, the American Institute of Architects ' AIA Guide to New York City uses the area bounded by the Cemetery Belt on the south, Bushwick Avenue on the west (save for a short distance between Bushwick Avenue's northern terminus and the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway, where Woodpoint Road and Kingsland Avenue are

2337-439: The 2010 United States Census . The total population of these districts was 129,239. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick North was 57,138, an increase of 1,045 (1.9%) from the 56,093 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 570.78 acres (230.99 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 100.1 inhabitants per acre (64,100/sq mi; 24,700/km ). The ethnic and racial makeup of

2460-475: The 53rd Street Tunnel between Queens and Manhattan, due to track replacement and other repairs in the 63rd Street Tunnel. Weekend M service continued to terminate at Essex Street. Service to Forest Hills resumed on April 1, 2024. On March 5, 1944, 11 trains stopped running over the Brooklyn Bridge, instead ending at Bridge–Jay Streets on the Brooklyn side, and all 11 trains terminated there (with

2583-424: The American Institute awarded Bushwick Chemical Works the first premium for commercial acids of the greatest purity and strength. The Bushwick Glass Company, later known as Brookfield Glass Company , established itself in 1869, when a local brewer sold it to James Brookfield. It made a variety of bottles and jars, as well as large numbers of glass electrical insulators for telegraph, telephone and power lines. In

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2706-835: The BMT Canarsie Line ( L train). On the border with Bedford-Stuyvesant is the Flushing Avenue stop of the BMT Jamaica Line ( J and ​ M trains) and the Flushing Avenue stop of the IND Crosstown Line ( G train). East Williamsburg is also served by the B24 bus on Kingsland and Meeker Avenues, the B57 on Flushing Avenue, the B60 on Montrose, Johnson and Morgan Avenues,

2829-718: The BMT Myrtle Avenue Line —the approaches to the line's junction with the BMT Jamaica Line and Fresh Pond Bridge over the Long Island Rail Road 's Montauk Branch in Queens—required a reroute of M service. Trains to and from Manhattan and Queens, instead of diverging at Myrtle Avenue to go to Metropolitan Avenue , continued east on the BMT Jamaica Line and terminated at Broadway Junction at all times except late nights, when service

2952-629: The BMT Nassau Street Line and Montague Street Tunnel . The M had originally run on the BMT Brighton Line to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue until 1987. Afterward, it used the BMT Fourth Avenue Line and BMT West End Line in Brooklyn, terminating at Ninth Avenue or Bay Parkway . Until 1914, the only service on the Myrtle Avenue Line east of Grand Avenue was a local service between Park Row (via

3075-718: The Brooklyn Bridge ) and Middle Village (numbered 11 in 1924). The Myrtle Viaduct, a two-track ramp connecting the Myrtle Avenue Line with the BMT Broadway Elevated (now the Jamaica) Line at the Myrtle Avenue station was opened on July 29, 1914, allowing for a second service, the daytime Myrtle Avenue–Chambers Street Line, or Myrtle-Chambers Line, which ran along the Broadway elevated and

3198-664: The JJ , which had run along Nassau Street to Broad Street , was relocated through the new connection to the IND Sixth Avenue Line (and renamed the KK). To augment QJ service to Broad Street, the M was extended two stations, from Chambers Street to Broad Street. On October 4, 1969, the Myrtle Avenue Elevated was discontinued south of Myrtle Avenue to Jay Street. To make up for the loss of MJ service, M service

3321-614: The Long Island Rail Road built the Bushwick Branch from its hub in Jamaica via Maspeth to Bushwick Terminal, at the intersection of Montrose and Bushwick avenues, allowing easy movement of passengers, raw materials, and finished goods. Routes also radiated to Flushing, Queens . The first elevated railway ("el") in Brooklyn, known as the Lexington Avenue Elevated , opened in 1885. Its eastern terminus

3444-401: The N , until October 28. In December 2007, the MTA announced that it planned to set aside $ 27 million in 2008 and $ 60 million annually afterwards for service enhancements to help riders deal with increased fares. Extended weekday evening M service to Broad Street and weekend service to Chambers Street were part of the plan. However, on March 24, 2008, it was announced that because

3567-779: The Q54 on Metropolitan Avenue and Grand Street, and the Q59 on Grand Street. The Kosciuszko Bridge (carrying Interstate 278 ) and the Grand Street Bridge across the Newtown Creek connect East Williamsburg with Maspeth, Queens . East Williamsburg is in Brooklyn Community Board 1 and is bounded by the East River, Kent Avenue, Flushing Avenue , and the Newtown Creek . However, various parts of

3690-866: The QJ 's former route to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue , via the Montague Street Tunnel and Brighton Line local tracks. With the extension of the M onto the Brighton Line, there were also changes to D service. Northbound weekday M train service originating at Kings Highway would begin at 5:46 a.m., while northbound service from Coney Island would begin at 6:34 a.m. From 5:40 to 6:34 a.m. northbound D trains would run local from Brighton Beach to Kings Highway, and then run express to Prospect Park. Late morning and early afternoon D trains would from then on run express from Brighton Beach to Kings Highway. The span of D express service to Brighton Beach

3813-784: The Williamsburg Bridge to Chambers Street on the Nassau Street Loop in Lower Manhattan. Following the completion of a third track along the Broadway Elevated between Marcy Avenue and Myrtle Avenue on January 17, 1916, these trains began running express on the Broadway Elevated during the evening rush hour in the peak-direction. By 1920, trains later began running express in the morning rush hour and on Saturday afternoon in

East Williamsburg, Brooklyn - Misplaced Pages Continue

3936-596: The Williamsburg Houses , Borinquen Plaza Houses , Cooper Park Houses , John Francis Hylan Houses , and the Bushwick Houses . Greenspaces include Cooper Park. The eastern half of East Williamsburg, roughly bounded by the Newtown Creek on the east and by I-278 and Flushing Avenue on the north and south, respectively, is mostly zoned for industry with some residential housing mixed among

4059-520: The 1840s and 1850s, a majority of the immigrants were German , which became the dominant population. Bushwick established a considerable brewery industry, including "Brewer's Row"—14 breweries operating in a 14-block area—by 1890. Thus, Bushwick was dubbed the "beer capital of the Northeast". The last Bushwick breweries, the Schaefer's and Rheingold Breweries, closed its doors in 1976. As late as

4182-428: The 1980s, the Knickerbocker Avenue shopping district was nicknamed "The Well" for its seemingly unending supply of drugs. Even through the 1990s, it remained a poor and relatively dangerous area, with 77 murders, 80 rapes, and 2,242 robberies in 1990. Since 2000, the rise of real estate prices in nearby Manhattan has made Bushwick more attractive to younger professionals. In the wake of reduced crime rates citywide and

4305-709: The 1980s, there were unsuccessful efforts to revive the Rheingold Brewery. The William Ulmer Brewery at Beaver and Belvidere Streets was given landmark status by the city in 2010, becoming the first brewery with such a status. As late as 1883, Bushwick maintained open farming land east of Flushing Avenue. A synergy developed between the brewers and the farmers during this period, as the dairy farmers collected spent grain and hops for cow feed. The dairy farmers sold milk and other dairy products to consumers in Brooklyn. Both industries supported blacksmiths, wheelwrights, and feed stores along Flushing Avenue. In 1868,

4428-410: The 1980s. By the late 20th century, the neighborhood became predominantly Hispanic as another wave of immigrants arrived. Formerly Brooklyn's 18th Ward, the neighborhood was once an independent town and has undergone various territorial changes throughout its history. Bushwick is part of Brooklyn Community District 4 , and its primary ZIP Codes are 11206, 11207, 11221, and 11237. It is patrolled by

4551-776: The 83rd Precinct of the New York City Police Department . Politically it is represented by the New York City Council 's 34th and 37th Districts. Bushwick's borders largely overlap those of Brooklyn Community Board 4 , which is delineated by Flushing Avenue on the north, Broadway on the southwest, the border with Queens to the northeast, and the Cemetery of the Evergreens on the southeast. The industrial area north of Flushing Avenue, east of Bushwick Avenue, and south of Grand Street

4674-522: The Asian residents were less than 5000. Bushwick and neighboring East New York are the center for the Hispanic community in Brooklyn. In the post-World War II period, Bushwick was still a predominantly Irish and Italian-American community. Puerto Ricans began to migrate to New York for greater opportunities, developing Hispanic enclaves in Brooklyn, East Harlem, the Lower East Side or Loisaida , and

4797-1055: The Brighton Line began on April 26, 1986, and to reduce congestion and delays, weekday daytime M service was shifted to the Fourth Avenue Line's express tracks south of DeKalb Avenue and the BMT West End Line . Service began terminating at Ninth Avenue during middays, and at Bay Parkway during rush hours. This service duplicated a pattern that had last been operated as the TT until late 1967. Manhattan-bound M trains operated from Bay Parkway between about 7:00 and 8:20 a.m., operating every 12 to 15 minutes. Bay Parkway-bound M trains left Chambers Street between 4:20 and 5:30 p.m. In 1991, M trains began running with fewer cars at all times except weekdays from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. in order to increase passenger security during overnight hours. M service along Fourth Avenue, operating between 6:30 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.,

4920-625: The Broadway shopping district was heavily looted and burned. Twenty-seven stores along Broadway were burned, and looters and some residents saw the blackout as an opportunity to get what they otherwise could not afford. Newspapers around the country published UPI and the Associated Press 's photos of Bushwick residents with stolen items and a police officer beating a suspected looter, and Bushwick became known for riots and looting. Fires spread to many residential buildings as well. After

5043-530: The Bronx. Many Puerto Ricans also settled in neighboring Williamsburg , also known as Los Sures , due to the proximity to jobs at the now defunct Domino Sugar Refinery as well as at the Brooklyn Navy Yard ; they expanded into other parts of Brooklyn as many ethnic Irish and some Italians moved to nearby Queens (such as Ridgewood and Middle Village ). M (New York City Subway service) The M Queens Boulevard/Sixth Avenue Local

East Williamsburg, Brooklyn - Misplaced Pages Continue

5166-401: The Chrystie Street Connection began the following Monday, June 28, 2010. On June 8, 2014, weekend daytime M service was extended to Essex Street as part of an $ 18 million funding project to improve subway service, as well as to offer a direct connection to the F train on Saturdays and Sundays. Late night service continues to terminate at Myrtle Avenue. During the morning rush hour, the M

5289-911: The Chrystie Street–Williamsburg Bridge connection, unused since the elimination of the K in 1976, and stop at the upper (BMT) level of Essex Street in Manhattan before serving all M stations to Metropolitan Avenue in Queens. The MTA determined that this move, while still a service cut, would actually benefit M riders in northern Brooklyn; approximately 17,000 weekday riders used that route to reach its stations in Lower Manhattan, whereas 22,000 transferred to other routes to reach destinations in Midtown Manhattan. However, only about 10,000 riders in Southern Brooklyn used

5412-585: The East Williamsburg Valley Industrial Development Corporation (EWVIDCO), a company founded in 1982 with the goal of revitalizing East Williamsburg by attracting new businesses, providing business assistance to existing firms and grow overall job opportunities in the neighborhood. Historically, this neighborhood was not part of the Village of Williamsburgh. In the late 19th century the region east of

5535-809: The East Williamsburg are served by different post offices. The neighborhood includes the zip codes 11211, served by the Williamsburg Post Office at 263 S. 4th Street; 11206, served by the Metropolitan-Bushwick Post Office at 47 Debevoise Street; 11222, served by the Greenpoint Post Office at 66 Meserole Avenue; and 11237, served by the Wyckoff Heights-Bushwick Post Office at 86 Wyckoff Avenue. There are several public housing projects in East Williamsburg, including

5658-500: The M to access the Nassau Street Line. This merger opened up new travel options for northern Brooklyn and Queens in that it allowed direct and more convenient access to areas that were not previously served by those routes such as Midtown Manhattan, as before the service changes, M train passengers had to transfer at least once if heading to Midtown. On March 19, 2010, it was reported that the plan had been changed and that

5781-469: The M. Since these cars were not assigned to the route, it remained signed as 10. However, the rush hour Nassau Street specials on the BMT Brighton Line and BMT Fourth Avenue Line were signed using the M designation. The line was officially designated "M" after the Chrystie Street changeover on November 27, 1967. The second half of the Chrystie Street Connection opened on July 1, 1968, and

5904-427: The MTA announced a slew of potential service cuts; among them was the potential elimination of rush-hour M service which had extended beyond Chambers Street on the Nassau Street Line in Lower Manhattan to Bay Parkway on the West End Line in Brooklyn. In May 2009, after the New York State Legislature passed legislation to offer financial support to the MTA, the service cut was taken off the table. However, in late 2009,

6027-410: The MTA board. From May 1 to September 1, 1999, the Williamsburg Bridge subway tracks were closed for reconstruction, splitting M service in two sections. One service ran at all times between Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue and Marcy Avenue. The other ran rush hours only between Bay Parkway and Chambers Street. A shuttle provided service on the BMT Nassau Street Line. Fares on the B39 bus crossing

6150-411: The MTA once again discovered that it was confronting another financial crisis; most of the same service cuts threatened just months earlier were revisited. One proposal included completely phasing out M service and using the V as its replacement. Under this proposal, the V would no longer serve its southern terminus at Second Avenue . Instead, after leaving Broadway–Lafayette Street , it would run along

6273-411: The N and R, it was decided to cut the service. This service cut saved $ 664,000 annually. Three alternative operating plans were considered: maintaining existing midday service, terminating midday service at Broad Street, and operating service as a shuttle like weekend and late night service. It was decided not to terminate service at Broad Street because it negated a large portion of the crew savings due to

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6396-460: The North Side, South Side, and the New Village. The names "North Side" and "South Side" remain in common usage today, but the name for the Third District has changed often. The New Village became populated by Germans and for a time was known by the sobriquet of "Dutchtown". In 1844, Williamsburg separated from the Town of Bushwick and became the Town and Village of Williamsburg. Parts of the Third District were known as "Irish Town" and "The Green" during

6519-401: The Southeast (then known as Newtown Road). The region that is now circumscribed on the west by Union Ave, on the south by Broadway, then along Flushing Avenue to Bushwick Avenue on the east and on the north (approximately) by the Newtown Creek was designated as the Third District of the Village of Williamsburg in 1835. At this time, the three districts of Williamsburg were more commonly known as

6642-407: The Williamsburg Bridge were eliminated and free subway-bus transfers were given at Marcy Avenue and at Delancey Street. The closure was anticipated to last until October 1999, but subway service was restored one month ahead of schedule. The project cost $ 130 million, including replacing the tracks' support structure, signal systems and other equipment. From July 23, 2001, to February 22, 2004,

6765-417: The agency received substantially less revenue from taxes on real estate transactions, the enhancements were reduced to $ 4.5 million in 2008 and $ 8.9 million annually afterwards. The plan to extend weekend service to Chambers Street was dropped. After several months' delay, weekday evening trains were extended to Broad Street on July 27, 2008. On November 20, 2008, in light of severe budget woes,

6888-433: The ages of 0–17, 35% between 25 and 44, and 20% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 12% and 9% respectively. As of 2016, the median household income in Community Board 4 was $ 50,656. In 2018, an estimated 25% of Bushwick residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eight residents (13%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in

7011-422: The area. Il Circolo di Santa Margherita di Belice , founded in Bushwick, remains the oldest operating Sicilian organization in the United States. These clubs often started as mutual benevolence associations or funeral societies. They transformed along with the needs of their communities from the late 1800s until the 1960s, when many began to fade away. St. Joseph Patron of the Universal Church Roman Catholic Parish

7134-410: The area. An example of this can be seen in the adjacent picture which shows the two loft buildings on McKibbin St., 255 McKibbin and 248 McKibbin. At present it lies within the boundaries of Community Board 1 , the Brooklyn Community Board for Greenpoint and Williamsburg . The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL)'s Bushwick branch is located at 340 Bushwick Avenue near Seigel Street. The Bushwick branch

7257-471: The change was a good idea, and that only riders at the 45th Street and 53rd Street stations, which received less frequent service, viewed the changes negatively. This change increased operating costs by $ 245,000. The midday M (between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.) was temporarily truncated to Chambers Street on April 30, 1995, from Ninth Avenue in Brooklyn due to the closure of the Manhattan Bridge during weekday middays for structural repairs. The change

7380-504: The change were held. The change reduced travel times by 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 minutes for 26,000 people, a majority of the riders on the corridor. As a result of the change, some riders shifted from using stations on the BMT West End Line to the BMT Sea Beach Line, and from Fourth Avenue local stops to Fourth Avenue express stops. Market research found that 44% of M riders felt that crowding decreased, that 35% of M and 30% of N riders used their service more frequently, that 58% of riders thought

7503-698: The city. Bushwick is the most populous Hispanic-American community in Brooklyn, although Sunset Park also has a large Hispanic population. As in other neighborhoods in New York City, Bushwick's Hispanic population is mainly from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It also has a sizable population from South American nations. As nearly 70% of Bushwick's population is Hispanic, residents have created many businesses to support their various national and distinct traditions in food and other items. The neighborhood's major commercial streets are Knickerbocker Avenue, Myrtle Avenue, Wyckoff Avenue, and Broadway . There are two neighborhood tabulation areas that covered Bushwick as of

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7626-403: The closure of the north tracks on the Manhattan Bridge resulted in a midday extension back to Ninth Avenue, as well as an extension of the times that the rush hour service was provided to 10 p.m. This change preserved service between the West End Line and Chinatown for passengers that would have taken the B to Grand Street . When full Manhattan Bridge service was restored, midday M service

7749-570: The creation of several farming developments. Originally a 13-acre (53,000 m ) development within Bushwick Shore, Williamsburgh rapidly expanded during the first half of the 19th century and eventually seceded from Bushwick to form its own independent city in 1852. Both Bushwick and Williamsburgh were annexed to the City of Brooklyn in 1854. When Bushwick was founded, it was primarily an area for farming food and tobacco. As Brooklyn and New York City grew, factories that manufactured sugar, oil, and chemicals were built. The inventor Peter Cooper built

7872-433: The daytime hours; and the third between Flushing Avenue /Broadway and Middle Village–Metropolitan Avenue, stopping at Flushing and Wyckoff Avenues for a transfer to the BMT Canarsie Line at Jefferson Street . When the Fresh Pond Bridge project was completed on September 2, 2017, two six-car shuttle trains began operating between Metropolitan and Wyckoff Avenues at all times, running separately from each other on each of

7995-632: The final nine southbound M trains of the evening terminated at Brighton Beach. On May 13, 1974, three northbound early morning trains that were placed into service at Brighton Beach were replaced with two trains entering service at Kings Highway and one entering service at Brighton Beach. The local K (renamed from KK in 1973) was eliminated on August 27, 1976, and M express service between Myrtle Avenue and Marcy Avenue ended. On December 3, 1979, four northbound weekday morning rush hour trains that had been put into service at Kings Highway began service at Brighton Beach. A six-month reconstruction project on

8118-451: The growing need for labor by factory operators. St. Leonard's parish was the large German Catholic parish in the area, but the Italian community was not welcome there and was thus compelled to open its own parish. St. Leonard's closed in 1973. St. Joseph's is now a large and vibrant Latino parish run by the Scalabrini Order of priests, an Italian missionary order that caters to migrants. The demographic transition of Bushwick after World War II

8241-420: The latter half of the 19th century. In 1854, Williamsburg was incorporated into the City of Brooklyn, which was one of the original six Dutch Townships of western Long Island. Upon consolidation with Brooklyn in 1854, Districts one (North Side) and two (South Side) became, respectively, Wards 14 and 13 of the City of Brooklyn. The third District was split and became Wards 15 and 16 of the City of Brooklyn. Ward 15

8364-522: The main shopping districts. The Moore Street Market , often referred to as La Marqueta de Williamsburg, is located at 110 Moore Street. The first wave of Italian immigration to East Williamsburg occurred in the second half of the 19th century. By the late 1880s, the neighborhood along Graham Avenue was inhabited by many Italian immigrants, as evidenced by The Our Lady of the Snow Society at 410 Graham Avenue, established in 1888. Italians also attended St. Cecilia's Catholic Church at 84 Herbert Street, which

8487-487: The mid-1960s. Within five years, it had become "what often approached a no man's land of abandoned buildings, empty lots, drugs and arson." On the night of July 13, 1977, a major blackout cut power to nearly all of New York City, and arson , looting , and vandalism occurred in low-income neighborhoods across the city. Bushwick suffered some of the most devastating damage and losses. While store owners along Knickerbocker and Graham avenues were able to defend their stores,

8610-415: The natives fled, leaving the area to be divided among the six towns in Kings County. Bushwick had the prime location to absorb its new tract of land in a contiguous fashion. New Bushwick Lane (Evergreen Avenue), a former Native American trail, was a key thoroughfare for accessing this new tract, which was suitable mostly for potato and cabbage agriculture. This area is bounded roughly by Flushing Avenue to

8733-411: The need for personnel to relay trains at the Broad Street terminal, longer running times, and because it had the potential to delay J service, which already terminated there. The shuttle option was dismissed because it would inconvenience a far larger number of M riders. Truncation of midday M service was proposed as early as January 1991 for an October implementation of that year, subject to approval from

8856-415: The neighborhood as of 2010 was 10.7% (6,098) non-Hispanic white , 9.7% (5,533) non-Hispanic black , 0.1% (82) Native American , 6.0% (3,417) Asian , 0.0% (11) Pacific Islander , 0.7% (380) from other races , and 1.0% (582) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71.8% (41,035) of the population. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of Bushwick South

8979-402: The neighborhood's economic base eroded. Discussions of urban renewal took place in the 1960s, but never materialized, resulting in the demolition of many residential buildings with the intent of replacing these structures with public housing, but nothing new was built in its place as these proposals were scrapped. Another contribution to the change in the socioeconomic profile of the neighborhood

9102-531: The neighborhood's median household income was $ 28,802. 32% of the population falls under the poverty line, making Bushwick the 7th-most impoverished neighborhood in New York City. More than 75% of children in the neighborhood are born in poverty. Some 40.3% of students in Bushwick read at grade level in 2007, making it the 49th most literate neighborhood in the city that year. 58.2% of students could work math at grade level in Bushwick, and it ranked as 41st in

9225-497: The neighborhood, closest to Eastern Parkway . By the mid-1950s, migrants began settling into central Bushwick. The availability of block association housing helped many neighborhoods survive the economic and social distress of the 1970s. This change in demographics coincided with changes in the local economy. Rising energy costs, advances in transportation and the change to the use of aluminum cans encouraged beer companies to move out of New York City. As breweries in Bushwick closed,

9348-441: The neighborhood. Several open studios programs are conducted that enable the public to visit artist studios and galleries, and several websites are devoted to promoting neighborhood art and events. Bushwick artists display their works in galleries and private spaces throughout the neighborhood. The borough's first and only trailer park, a 20-person art collective established by founder, Hayden Cummings and ZenoRadio's Baruch Herzfeld,

9471-469: The new combined service would instead carry the M train designation, recolored orange to designate the IND Sixth Avenue Line as its Manhattan trunk line, while discontinuing the V train. Many MTA board members opposed the elimination of the M designation, saying that riders would be more comfortable with that rather than a V designation, and because the M had been around longer than the V. The last M trains to Bay Parkway ran on June 25, 2010, and M service via

9594-400: The new district of Williamsburg was laid out in western Bushwick. Williamsburg was incorporated in 1827 and officially severed from Bushwick in 1839. Present-day East Williamsburg , which was not part of the city of Williamsburg, was originally organized primarily as Brooklyn's 18th Ward from the annexation of Bushwick. Now part of Brooklyn Community District 1 , the area of East Williamsburg

9717-551: The north and Evergreen Cemetery to the south. In the 1850s, the New Lots of Bushwick area began to develop. References to the town of Bowronville, a new neighborhood contained within the area south of Lafayette Avenue and Stanhope Street, began to appear in the 1850s. The area known as Bushwick Shore was so called for about 140 years. Bushwick residents called Bushwick Shore "the Strand", another term for "beach". Bushwick Creek, in

9840-455: The north, and Cripplebush, a region of thick, boggy shrubland extending from Wallabout Creek to Newtown Creek , in the south and east, cut Bushwick Shore off from the other villages in Bushwick. Farmers and gardeners from the other Bushwick villages sent their goods to Bushwick Shore to be ferried to New York City for sale at a market located at the present-day Grand Street. Bushwick Shore's favorable location close to New York City led to

9963-624: The northwest; East New York and the cemeteries of Highland Park to the southeast; Brownsville to the south; and Bedford–Stuyvesant to the southwest. The town was first founded by the Dutch as Boswijck during the Dutch colonization of the Americas in the 17th century. In the 19th century, the neighborhood became a community of German immigrants and their descendants. The 20th century saw an influx of Italian immigrants and Italian-Americans up to

10086-437: The peak direction. The number 10 was assigned to the service in 1924. At the time, service ran on weekdays between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m., on Saturdays from 6 a.m. and 9 p.m., and on Sundays from 12:30 to 11 p.m. In the morning rush hour, trains ran express between Central Avenue and Essex Street, and during the evening rush hour, trains ran express between Bowery and Broadway–Myrtle Avenue. Sunday service

10209-518: The population. In the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning , they split up the tabulations between west and east Bushwick. West Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents and 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, meanwhile the Black and Asian populations were each under 5000 residents. East Bushwick had between 30,000 to 39,999 Hispanic residents, 10,000 to 19,999 White residents, and 5,000 to 9,999 Black residents while

10332-494: The population. As according to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning , there were between 20,000 to 29,999 White residents and 10,000 to 19,999 Hispanic residents; however, Black and Asian residents were each between 5,000 to 9,999 residents. East Williamsburg is well served by the New York City Subway . It is mainly served by the Grand Street , Montrose Avenue , and Morgan Avenue stops of

10455-536: The presence of the els, another wave of European immigrants settled in the neighborhood. Also, parts of Bushwick became affluent. Brewery owners and doctors commissioned mansions along Bushwick and Irving Avenues at the turn of the 20th century. New York mayor John Francis Hylan kept a townhouse on Bushwick Avenue during this period. Bushwick homes were designed in the Italianate, Neo Greco, Romanesque Revival, and Queen Anne styles by well-known architects. Bushwick

10578-545: The present-day Humboldt Street, west of the Newtown Creek , south of Meeker Avenue, and north of Metropolitan Avenue was the 18th ward of the City of Brooklyn. The north part of the EWIP is served by the Greenpoint Post Office and is considered by some to be part of Greenpoint. The portion of the EWIP to the south of Metropolitan Avenue was historically part of Bushwick and is still referred by many as being in Bushwick. For many years

10701-482: The reason: T. W. Field writes that "a nice functionary of the [Brooklyn] City Hall ... contemptuously thrust them into his waste-paper sacks", while Eugene Armbruster claims that the movable bookcase containing the records "was coveted by some municipal officer, who turned its contents upon the floor". At the turn of the 19th century, Bushwick consisted of four villages: Green Point, Bushwick Shore (later known as Williamsburg), Bushwick Green, and Bushwick Crossroads (at

10824-482: The relatively inexpensive rent. The rent is rising however, and the influx of said students has made housing more competitive pushing out those who cannot afford the rising cost of living in the north. Bushwick Bushwick is a neighborhood in the northern part of the New York City borough of Brooklyn . It is bounded by the neighborhood of Ridgewood, Queens , to the northeast; Williamsburg to

10947-436: The rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 55% in Bushwick, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018 , Bushwick is considered to be gentrifying . Though an ethnic neighborhood, Bushwick's population is, for a New York City neighborhood, relatively heterogeneous, scoring

11070-404: The riots were over and the fires were put out, residents saw unsafe dwellings and empty lots among surviving buildings, leading one author to describe the scene as "some streets that looked like Brooklyn Heights , and others that looked like Dresden in 1945": The business vacancy rate on Broadway reached 43% in the wake of the riots. The 1977 blackout and resulting riots left Bushwick without

11193-440: The six-month repair project was completed, as part of a series of service cuts made by New York City Transit to make up a shortfall in its budget. It had been expecting a $ 160 million surplus in 1995, but due to reductions in state and federal contributions, it was left with a deficit which could reach $ 172 million. The elimination of midday M service to Brooklyn was part of a larger plan to reduce spending in order to avert

11316-408: The spot where today's Bushwick Avenue turns southeast at Flushing Avenue ). Bushwick's first major expansion occurred after it annexed the New Lots of Bushwick, a hilly upland originally claimed by Native Americans in the first treaties they signed with European colonists granting the settlers rights to the lowland on the water. After the second war between the natives and the settlers broke out,

11439-486: The temporary midday service to Brooklyn was lightly used, with an average of 50 to 60 riders per train during middays going to Brooklyn, and fewer than 50 riders per train during evenings going to Brooklyn. The September 11, 2001 attacks caused a temporary reduction of the M to a full-time shuttle until September 17. Then it was extended full-time over the BMT Sea Beach Line to Stillwell Avenue, replacing

11562-526: The two tracks; two additional six-car trains were stored in the Fresh Pond Yard in order to swap consists in and out of service. These shuttles, along with a shuttle bus route that provided service between Wyckoff Avenue and Broadway, ran until April 27, 2018. When the 14th Street Tunnel shutdown started in April 2019, weekend and weekday evening M service (from 11:00 p.m. to 1:15 a.m.)

11685-593: The warehouses and factories. The section is currently referred to by the city as the East Williamsburg Industrial Park (EWIP), or formally the East Williamsburg In-Place Industrial Park (EWIPIP). The western boundary runs approximately along Kinsgland Ave, then Morgan Avenue and then just east of Bushwick Avenue. The EWIP is one of eight In-Place Industrial Parks in New York City and is managed by

11808-445: The waterfront property and laid out a settlement, naming it Williamsburgh after his friend and surveyor Colonel Jonathan Williams . Williamsburgh was incorporated as a village in 1827 (as a part of the town of Bushwick), and included 26 streets running East to West and 12 streets east of the shore line running North to South. On April 18, 1835, the village of Williamsburg was extended eastward to Bushwick Avenue and to Flushing Avenue on

11931-618: The western boundaries), the Brooklyn–Queens Expressway on the north, and the Brooklyn–Queens border on the east—thus including the industrial area north of Flushing Avenue and east of Bushwick Avenue. The centroid , or geographic center , of New York City is located on Stockholm Street in Bushwick, on the block between Wyckoff and St. Nicholas Avenues. In 1638, the Dutch West India Company secured

12054-538: Was 34,158, an increase of 2,280 (7.2%) from the 31,878 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 895.74 acres (362.49 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 38.1 inhabitants per acre (24,400/sq mi; 9,400/km). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 43.1% (14,706) White , 9.3% (3,189) African American , 0.1% (40) Native American , 12.7% (4,354) Asian , 0.1% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.3% (115) from other races , and 1.6% (561) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.7% (11,172) of

12177-544: Was 72,101, an increase of 7,484 (11.6%) from the 64,617 counted in 2000 . Covering an area of 923.64 acres (373.78 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 78.1 inhabitants per acre (50,000/sq mi; 19,300/km ). The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 9.5% (6,819) non-Hispanic white , 28.1% (20,281) black , 0.2% (155) Native American , 2.4% (1,734) Asian , 0.0% (21) Pacific Islander , 0.4% (268) from other races , and 1.1% (809) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 58.3% (42,014) of

12300-418: Was Woodpoint Road, which allowed farmers to bring their goods to the town dock. This original settlement came to be known as Het Dorp by the Dutch, and, later, Bushwick Green by the British. The English would take over the six towns three years later and unite them under Kings County in 1683. Many of Bushwick's Dutch records were lost after its annexation by Brooklyn in 1854. Contemporary reports differ on

12423-629: Was a center of culture, with several Vaudeville-era playhouses, including the Amphion Theatre, the nation's first theatre with electric lighting. The wealth of the neighborhood peaked between World War I and World War II , even when events such as Prohibition and the Great Depression were taking place. After World War I, the German enclave was steadily replaced by a significant proportion of Italian Americans . By 1950, Bushwick

12546-546: Was also indefinitely cut back from Forest Hills to Essex Street to accommodate maintenance work for the installation of communications-based train control on the Queens Boulevard Line, Eighth Avenue Line , and Sixth Avenue Line. Weekend frequencies on the M route were increased in July 2023. Starting August 28, 2023, weekday M trains were truncated to 57th Street in Manhattan, and F trains were rerouted via

12669-482: Was at the edge of Bushwick, at Gates Avenue and Broadway . This line was extended southeastward into East New York shortly thereafter. By the end of 1889, the Broadway Elevated and the Myrtle Avenue Elevated were completed, enabling easier access to Downtown Brooklyn and Manhattan and the rapid residential development of Bushwick from farmland. With the success of the brewing industry and

12792-456: Was cut back to Chambers Street and replaced in south Brooklyn by the D . Neighborhood leaders in Chinatown were angered by the decision to terminate midday at Ninth Avenue, instead of running it to Bay Parkway. A spokesman for New York City Transit stated that it was easier to terminate trains at Ninth Avenue and that a signal upgrade project was going on further down the line. In addition,

12915-529: Was eliminated, making the Myrtle-Chambers Line rush-hours only. Service had previously operated on weekdays from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Beginning on February 23, 1960, express trains began stopping at Marcy Avenue, which was originally a local stop. In 1961, with the arrival of new R27s which featured rollsigns with new lettered designations for the BMT's numbered services, the 10 was renamed

13038-509: Was established in 1871 and run mainly by Irish. Other Italian societies in the neighborhood include Sabino Society on Withers St., the San Cono Society on Ainslie St. A second wave of Italian immigration occurred from World War II until the 1970s. While the neighborhood has changed significantly, the established Italian community still thrives along the north end of Graham avenue, also referred to as "Via Vespucci". The neighborhood also

13161-567: Was established within a former nut roasting factory for live/work spaces. A Bushwick-centered news site, entitled Bushwick Daily , was founded in 2010 by Katarina Hybenova, and features community issues, events, food, art and culture. Starting in the mid-2000s, the city and state governments began the Bushwick Initiative, a two-year pilot program spearheaded by the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (HPD) and various community projects. The group's goal

13284-411: Was expanded to run during middays, operating weekdays between 6 a.m. and 7 p.m., and a new SS shuttle began running between Myrtle Avenue and Metropolitan Avenue at other times. In August 1972, the off-hour SS shuttle was renamed as part of the M. Effective January 2, 1973, the daytime QJ was truncated to Broad Street as the J , and the M was extended beyond Broad Street during the day along

13407-414: Was extended by 45 minutes to 9:05 p.m. from Prospect Park, and the span of M service from Broad Street to Coney Island was extended by 45 minutes from the previous span of QJ service to cover local stops. Two M trains began service at Brighton Beach in the morning rush hour, and in the early morning, three M trains entered service at Brighton Beach, and six entered service at Kings Highway. In addition,

13530-586: Was extended from Essex Street to 96th Street on the Second Avenue Subway in Manhattan, via 63rd Street , to compensate for limited L service between Brooklyn and Manhattan. The M had to run to 96th Street because of capacity reductions on the Queens Boulevard Line due to ongoing weekend construction. Both weekday and weekend M frequencies were also increased. This extra service was discontinued after completion of tunnel construction on April 27, 2020. Weekday evening service after 9:15 p.m.

13653-492: Was founded in 1903 and its current building opened in 1908. There are several communities and neighborhoods within East Williamsburg. Since the late 19th century, most of the immigrants to this section have come from Italy or from Puerto Rico and other Latin American countries. Graham Avenue (also known as Avenue of Puerto Rico to the south of Grand Street, and Via Vespucci to the north), Grand Street, and Metropolitan Avenue are

13776-655: Was home to The Motion Lounge , the former nightclub at 420 Graham Avenue owned by Bonanno crime family caporegime Dominick Napolitano . There are also many Puerto Rican residents. The south end of Graham Avenue (also known as "Avenue of Puerto Rico") has been the center of a Latin American immigrant neighborhood since the 1950s. Since the 1990s, the area has seen a great influx of young artists , professionals, students and " hipsters ", mainly due to its close proximity to Manhattan and major universities (e.g. Pratt Institute , New York University , School of Visual Arts , Fashion Institute of Technology , The New School ) and

13899-585: Was made to provide capacity in the Montague Street Tunnel for the Q, which was rerouted from the Manhattan Bridge. To replace M local service in Brooklyn, midday N trains began making local stops in Brooklyn. In addition, the span of M service to Brooklyn was reduced by fifteen minutes in the early morning and in the late evening by 25 minutes. The elimination of midday service to Brooklyn was made permanent on November 12, 1995, after

14022-571: Was one of New York City's largest Italian American neighborhoods, although some German Americans remained. The Italian community was composed almost entirely of Sicilians, mostly from the Palermo , Trapani , and Agrigento provinces in Sicily . In particular, the Sicilian townsfolk of Menfi, Santa Margherita di Belice, Trapani, Castelvetrano, and many other paesi had their own clubs ( clubbu ) in

14145-458: Was removed in June 1933. All Saturday trains began running local on June 28, 1952. On February 10, 1958, the four rush hour Brighton-Nassau special trains began stopping at Neck Road and Avenue U. In addition, the evening rush hour trains began stopping at DeKalb Avenue, as had been done by morning rush hour trains. On June 28, 1958, Saturday service was discontinued. On May 26, 1959, midday service

14268-511: Was settled, though unchartered, on February 16, 1660, on a plot of land between the Bushwick and Newtown Creeks by fourteen French and Huguenot settlers, a Dutch translator named Peter Jan De Witt, and one of the original eleven slaves brought to New Netherland , Franciscus the Negro, who had worked his way to freedom. The group centered their settlement on a church located near today's Bushwick and Metropolitan Avenues. The major thoroughfare

14391-414: Was similar to that of many Brooklyn neighborhoods. The U.S. Census records show that the neighborhood's population was almost 90% white in 1960, but dropped to less than 40% white by 1970. During this transition, white-collar workers were being replaced by those migrating from the south. Puerto Ricans , African Americans , among other Caribbean American families, moved into homes in the southeastern edge of

14514-548: Was suspended. A limited amount of rush hour trains ran between 71st Avenue in Queens and Second Avenue in Manhattan, replicating the V train's routing prior to its discontinuation in 2010. Three shuttle bus routes ran during reconstruction of the Fresh Pond Bridge: one between Myrtle Avenue and Fresh Pond Road ; the second between Myrtle and Metropolitan Avenues, skipping the Fresh Pond Road station during

14637-463: Was switched to the local tracks on May 31, 1994, switching with the N , which had run local since the M was moved in 1987. The change was implemented on a six-month trial, and was made permanent afterwards. This change was made as part of New York City Transit's Fare Deal, which sought to increase transit ridership by improving service. The change was proposed in November 1993, and public hearings on

14760-475: Was the John Lindsay administration's policy of raising available rent for welfare recipients. Since these tenants could now bring higher rents than tenants would on the open market, landlords began filling vacant units with such tenants. By the mid-1970s, half of Bushwick's residents were on public assistance. According to The New York Times , Bushwick was "a neatly maintained community of wood houses" by

14883-609: Was the hub of the Sicilian community, and held five feasts during the year, complete with processions of saints or Our Lady of Trapani. St. Joseph opened in 1923 because the Italian community had been rapidly growing in Bushwick since 1900. This Sicilian community first was centered in Our Lady of Pompeii parish on Siegel Street in Williamsburgh. As industry expanded along Flushing Avenue , the Sicilian population expanded with

15006-421: Was the section north of Ten Eyck Street, between Union Avenue and Bushwick Avenue, with the addition of the portion of Ainslie, Grand, Hope, and South Second Streets between west of Union Avenue and east of Rodney Street. Ward 16 was the section south of Ten Eyck Street, bounded by Broadway, Flushing Avenue, and Bushwick Avenue. Based on data from the 2010 United States Census , the population of East Williamsburg

15129-663: Was to improve quality of life in the twenty-three square blocks surrounding Maria Hernandez Park through various programs such as addressing deteriorated housing conditions, increasing economic development opportunities, and reducing drug dealing activities. The group's crime-reduction activities included collaboration with the HPD's Narcotics Control Unit and the New York City Police Department's 83rd Precinct and Narcotics Division to reduce drug-dealing. To reduce lead hazards in buildings, HPD and DOHMH created

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