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92-523: It was the first major project undertaken by Julius Berger which was approved by Shehu Shagari who was then the Minister of Works during Nigeria's First Republic. The bridge spans from Ijora on the mainland to the Apongbon area of Lagos Island, with the lagoon section stretching 430 metres. The bridge and its 1350- metre landward extension were constructed in phases between 1965 and 1975. It serves as

184-803: A " Green Revolution ", distributing seed and fertilizer to farmers to increase nationwide productivity in farming, In Agriculture. The aim was to foster the use of mechanical machinery in farming. This initiative favored large scale farmers in order to produce mass products. He also commissioned the Bakalori Dam in Sokoto State, South Chad Irrigation Scheme, Borno State, Kafin Zaki Dam Bauchi State, Ogun River Dam, Ogun State, Dadin Kowa Dam Bauchi State, Goronyo Dam Sokoto State, and Zobe Dam, Kastina State. In 1980, with

276-543: A London hospital following a brief illness. She was 49. Hadiza died at the age of 80 from COVID-19 complications in Abuja on 12 August 2021. * Minister of Internal Affairs Elementary education Primary education is typically the first stage of formal education , coming after preschool / kindergarten and before secondary school . Primary education takes place in primary schools , elementary schools , or first schools and middle schools , depending on

368-435: A boy servant as young as seven or eight" and that "...this boy should be beaten until he has a proper dread of failing to carry out his masters orders." The document listed chores that the boy would perform daily and that the boy would sleep in a loft above the kennels to attend to the hounds' needs. Religious communities became providers of education and defined the curriculum. Learning to recite passages from their holy text

460-515: A boy was born sinful. Therefore, only the teachings of the church and the sacraments could redeem him. The parishes provided elementary education- but had no requirement to provide it to every child. The need was to produce priests, and in a stable kingdom such as that of Charlemagne , administrators with elementary writing skills in Latin and the arithmetic needed to collect taxes and administer them. Alcuin (735–804) developed teaching material that

552-467: A bridge in Nigeria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Shehu Shagari Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari GCFR ( Hausa pronunciation ; 25 February 1925 – 28 December 2018) was a Nigerian politician who was the first democratically elected president of Nigeria , after the transfer of power by military head of state General Olusegun Obasanjo in 1979, which gave rise to

644-686: A delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (CPA) in London . He became the chairman of the next CPA Conference held in Lagos between October and November 1962. In 1962, he led the delegation to ECA meeting in Addis Ababa to the commission's third meeting, the first which Nigeria attended as a full member where he strongly urged for price stabilization arrangement for tropical products. In 1963, Shagari

736-551: A delegation to the first session of the Economic Social Commission of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). Shagari also represented the prime minister on different occasions, including when President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt invited Nigerian prime minister Abubakar to inspect Egypt's security arrangements. He also represented Prime Minister Tafawa Balewa at Winston Churchill 's funeral. After

828-532: A demand for accountancy. Basic skills thus included literacy and numeracy. This was the core of Elementary Education. In mid 17th century America, Massachusetts became the first colony to mandate schooling for this purpose. Beginning in 1690, children there and in adjacent colonies learned to read from the New England Primer , known colloquially as "The Little Bible of New England". During Greek and Roman times, boys were educated by their mothers until

920-482: A heretical preacher, and his followers. It was the first major religious conflict in post-colonial Kano. Over 4,177 civilians, 100 policemen and about 35 military personnel were killed, including Maitatsine himself, and is generally regarded as marking the beginning of the Yan Tatsine . Because of this, there was widespread impression that Nigeria's security and economy was threatened by illegal aliens and this belief

1012-529: A minister under Gowon, Shagari also undertook a peace mission to mediate between Julius Nyerere of Tanzania and Idi Amin of Uganda in order to avert Uganda–Tanzania War by withdrawing their troops from the borders. After serving under Gen. Yakubu Gowon , he returned to Sokoto again to serve as the chairman of the Sokoto State Urban Development Authority (SUDA), during which he started building Sokoto Modern Market. In

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1104-674: A new river port was commissioned at Onitsha and another modern river port to serve the Ajaokuta Steel Mill. In aviation, Shagari created the Ministry of Aviation and built three airports in Minna, Bauchi and Akure. New passenger aircraft were also acquired for Nigerian Airways including eight B.737 and four airbus 310 during which Nigeria had the largest airline network in Africa. The fall in oil prices that began in 1981 affected

1196-539: A renowned architect Nnamdi Elleh Shagari's presidency maintained Nigeria's foreign policy since 1960, which was centered on Africa. Shagari himself was not new to foreign relations as he has led several Nigerian delegations to foreign missions since independence. His presidency advocated and acted rigorously against apartheid in South African and white minority rule in Zambia and Zimbabwe. The liberation struggle

1288-626: A school to teach grammar". These early grammar schools were to teach basic, or elementary grammar, to boys. No age limit was specified. Early examples in England included Lancaster Royal Grammar School , Royal Latin School , Buckingham, and Stockport Grammar School . The Reformation and the Dissolution of the Monasteries (1548) disrupted the funding of many schools. The schools petitioned

1380-413: A short paragraph in a newspaper, writing from dictation, and working out sums and fractions. To achieve this, a dual education system was initiated, consisting of both voluntary denominational schools and non-denominational state schools (Board schools) to supplement rather than replace schools already run by the churches, guilds, and private individuals or organisations. Before 1944 around 80 percent of

1472-507: A single phase where programs are typically designed to provide fundamental reading, writing, and mathematics skills and establish a solid foundation for learning. This is ISCED Level 1 : Primary education or the first stage of basic education. The ISCED definition in 1997 posited that primary education normally started between the ages of 5 – 8 and was designed to give a sound basic education in reading, writing, and mathematics along with an elementary understanding of other subjects. By 2011

1564-631: A teacher he founded a youth group called Youth Social Circle in Sokoto and became its secretary. The organization became one of the smaller groups that came together to be part of Northern People's Congress (NPC), which was founded in 1948. In 1948, when Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe of the NCNC was touring Nigeria to raise funds to send a delegation to London to ask the Colonial Office to abrogate Richard's constitution as undemocratic, Shehu Shagari who

1656-563: A woman from Imo State as his running mate, to be his vice president. However, she declined after previously accepting, due to a lack of support from stakeholders in Southern Eastern Nigeria where the vice presidential ticket was zoned to, it was the closest Nigerian women have ever been to the presidency. Nevertheless, the first female ministers and diplomats in Nigeria were appointed by Shagari. He appointed Ebun Oyagbola as Minister of National Planning and later Ambassador to

1748-551: Is a priority. For their society to advance, the oral tradition must be superseded by written texts; some students must write down the passages. Monasteries students needed to read out what is written in the religious language and not just the vernacular. This led to formal education in madrassas and schools. Martin Luther declared that salvation depends on each person's own reading of the Scriptures. Trading and management create

1840-566: The 1966 Nigerian coup d'état , Shagari was among the government officials who handed over government to the military leadership of Maj. Gen. Aguiyi Ironsi . He returned to Sokoto to promote education. He served as the executive secretary of the Sokoto Province Education Development Fund in 1967, where he built many provincial schools. He was later appointed as Commissioner of Establishment and Training and also served briefly as Commissioner for Education in

1932-499: The Lateran Council of 1179. Elementary education was mainly to teach sufficient Latin for the trivium and the quadrivium that formed the basis of the secondary curriculum. While Humanism had a great change on the secondary curriculum, the primary curriculum was unaffected. It was believed that by studying the works of the greats, ancients who had governed empires, one became fit to succeed in any field. Renaissance boys from

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2024-486: The National Hospital, Abuja , where he was admitted to and undergoing treatment before his death. It was confirmed by his grandson Bello Bala Shagari and Governor Tambuwal in similar tweets at the time of his death. Shehu Shagari married three wives: Amina, Aisha, and Hadiza Shagari . He had several children, including Muhammad Bala Shagari and Aminu Shehu Shagari. On 24 August 2001, Aisha died in

2116-455: The Prussian schools . In England, 1870 was the beginning of compulsory state education. Elementary schools in England and Wales were publicly funded schools which provided a basic standard of education for children aged from six to 14 between 1870 and 1944. These were set up to enable children to receive manual training and elementary instruction, and provided a restricted curriculum with

2208-646: The Second Nigerian Republic . An experienced politician, he briefly worked as a teacher before entering politics in 1951; and was elected into the House of Representatives in 1954 . At various times between 1958 through independence of Nigeria in 1960 and 1975, he held a cabinet post as a federal commissioner or as a federal minister. As president, Shagari presided over the mass deportation of West African migrants in 1983, which primarily impacted Ghanaian migrants in Nigeria. Shehu Usman Shagari

2300-549: The U.N. Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), which was led by Minister of Finance Chief Festus Okotie Eboh . In 1961, he led the delegation to the tenth anniversary of Libya's independence. The same year, he was at the GATT ministerial conference in Geneva, where he raised the issue of European Economic Community 's (ECC) discrimination against African countries like Nigeria who were not then, associated with EEC. The same year, he led

2392-413: The rule of law (RoL) together with international human rights and fundamental freedoms strengthen the relationship between learners and public institutions to empower young people to become champions of peace and justice. Teachers are often on the front line of this work and, along with families, play a formative role in shaping children's attitudes and behaviours. Global citizenship education provides

2484-510: The 1979 election with the help of his campaign manager, Umaru Dikko . The campaign had the support of many prominent politicians in the North and among southern minorities. The party's motto was "One Nation, One Destiny" and was seen as the party best representing Nigeria's diversity. During the oil boom, Shagari made agriculture, industry, housing and transportation the major economic goals of his administration. Shagari's government embarked on

2576-399: The 45 ministers from the previous administration to demonstrate his commitment in fighting corruption. However, that did not convince the military junta which took over. Shagari's government has recorded a number of successes in education. In his four-year term, there was a dramatic improvement in secondary schools and teachers in teaching colleges multiplied. In 1981 a mass literacy campaign

2668-469: The 90 percent towards greater access to primary education." Schools play an important role in children's socialization and in developing their appreciation of sharing , fairness, mutual respect and cooperation. Schools form the foundational values and competencies that are the building blocks towards the understanding of concepts such as justice , democracy and human rights . Education systems that promote education for justice, that is, respect for

2760-516: The Britain colonial policies and the handling of Rhodesia's situation. Shehu Shagari's speech at the CPA conference was so significant and far-reaching that he had received many commendations from other delegates. Shehu Shagari had a great impact on politics during his tenure. He also made headlines on New Zealand's Christchurch Star of 4 December 1965, and The Morning Post of Wellington. He also led

2852-1040: The Delta Steel complex in 1982. In 1983, Shagari created the Aluminum Smelter Company of Nigeria at Ikot Abasi . Three other Steel Rolling Mills where built, they include the ones in osogbo, Katsina and Jos. However, Shagari reduced the share of oil royalties and rents to state of origin from 30 to 2 percent. Shagari also established a Petroleum Training Institute . There we also motor vehicle plants such as ANAMMCO in Anambra commissioned in 1980, The Volkswagen Assembly Plantvin Oyo State, Peugeot Automobile in Kaduna State, FIAT in Kano State and Styer in Bauchi State. In housing, Shagari had

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2944-610: The King, Edward VI , for an endowment. Examples of schools receiving endowments are King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth , King Edward VI Grammar School, Norwich and King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon , where William Shakespeare was thought to be a pupil from the age of 7 to 14. Though the Grammar schools were set up to deliver elementary education, they did require their entrants to have certain skills on admission. In particular, they expected them to be able to read and write in

3036-582: The Magaji. Aliyu died five years after Shehu's birth, and Shehu's elder brother, Bello, briefly took on his father's mantle as Magajin Shagari . Shagari started his education in a Quranic school and then went to live with relatives at a nearby town, where from 1931 to 1935 he attended Yabo elementary school. In 1936–1940, he went to Sokoto for middle school, and then from 1941 to 1944 he attended Barewa College . Between 1944 and 1952, Shagari matriculated at

3128-740: The Russian Olympics despite lobby by the Carter Administration which sent the famous boxer Mohammed Ali to Nigeria. Shagari refused to see Mohammed Ali during his lobby tour. Nigeria had border disputes with Chad and Cameroun which nearly led to war situation but which Shagari cautiously avoided. Shagari's government was a great supporter of ECOWAS and allotted a plot for the building of its headquarters in Abuja . But despite Shagari's government making peace with its neighbors, it exiled undocumented immigrants who were mostly Ghanaians in 1983. Even though popular with Nigerians,

3220-487: The South East. He also undertook the mission of persuading South Easterners to rejoin the civil service while negotiating the release of Biafran political prisoners after a letter written to him by Pius Okigbo was smuggled for him from Enugu Prisons. From 1971 to 1975 he served as the federal commissioner (a position now called minister) of finance. During his tenure as the commissioner of finance for Nigeria, Shagari

3312-773: The Teachers Training College, in Zaria , Kaduna , Nigeria. From 1953 to 1958, Shagari got a job as a visiting teacher at Sokoto Province. He was also a member of the Federal Scholarship Board from 1954 to 1958. Shehu Usman Shagari entered politics in 1951 when he became the secretary of the Northern People's Congress in Sokoto, Nigeria, a position he held until 1956. However, his early political activities started in 1945, when as

3404-702: The United Kingdom, reception, the first year of primary school, is part of the Early Years Foundation Stage . The philosophy of education —teaching and learning—has, over the millennia, occupied many great minds. It attempts to say what children should be taught. In pre- agrarian cultures , children learnt by following their instinct to play. There was no need for enforced education. In agrarian cultures, agriculture, husbandry, bartering, and building skills can be passed on from adults to children or master to apprentice. Societies agree on

3496-505: The United Mexican States of Panama, Costa Rica and Guatemalan and Mrs. Janet Akinrinade as State Minister of Internal Affairs and two other female ministers Mrs. Asinobi and Mrs. Ivasi. Similarly, Mrs. Elizabeth Ogbon was appointed Consul General to Hamburg Germany, Mrs. R Mohammed was Nigeria Ambassador to Botswana and Zimbabwe. Whereas, several young people had joined Shagari's government and ministers and advisers. One of

3588-512: The United Nations estimated that all children at the official entry age for primary school would have had to have been attending classes by 2009. This would depend upon the duration of the primary level and how well the schools retain students until the end of the cycle. Not only was it important for children to be enrolled in education, but countries would have to ensure that there were a sufficient number of teachers and classrooms to meet

3680-602: The United States. At Harlem where he first visited and hosted a dinner for black leaders, he called for the need for economic ties with African Americans. However, after the 1980 U.S. General Election which brought in President Ronald Reagan , Nigeria/US relationship got to a low especially during the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott which Nigeria refused to be part of. President Shagari insisted on maintaining Nigeria's non-alignment policy and took part in

3772-475: The action was widely criticized by commentators. It is known as Ghana Must Go, the Deportation of West African migrants from Nigeria . Shagari ran for a second four-year term in 1983 and won the general election before later being overthrown and arrested by General Muhammadu Buhari in a military coup on 31 December 1983. On 28 December 2018 at about 6:30pm, Shehu Shagari died from a brief illness at

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3864-450: The age of eight and were taught Latin grammar, religious doctrine, and music, and the women's arts of spinning, weaving, tapestry, painting, and embroidery. Bede entered the monastic school at Jarrow at the age of seven and became a writer and historian. Chantry schools were the result of charitable donations and educated the poor. Beginning in 804, parishes were obliged to have a school, and cathedrals had to establish schools after

3956-520: The age of five learned Latin grammar using the same books as the Roman child. There were the grammars of Donatus and Priscian followed by Caesar's Commentaries and then St Jerome 's Latin Vulgate . Wealthy boys were educated by tutors. Others were educated in schools attached to the parishes, cathedrals, or abbeys. From the 13th century, wealthy merchants endowed money for priests to "establish as

4048-476: The age of seven, then according to the culture of their location and times, would start formal education. In Sparta until twelve, it would be at a military academy building up physical fitness and combat skills, but also reading, writing and arithmetic while in Athens the emphasis would be on understanding the laws of the polis , reading, writing, arithmetic and music with gymnastics and athletics, and learning

4140-665: The defunct North Western States before he was invited to serve under the Federal Military Government of Gen. Yakubu Gowon . Following the Nigerian Civil War , from 1970 to 1971, Shagari was appointed by the military head of state General Yakubu Gowon as the federal commissioner for economic development, rehabilitation, and reconstruction which worked to carry out reconciliation policy of Gowon's Government. Shagari began reconstruction and rehabilitation of schools, hospitals, and other infrastructure in

4232-417: The demand. As of 2010, the number of new teachers needed in sub-Saharan Africa alone, equaled the extant teaching force in the region. The gender gap for children not in education narrowed. Between 1999 and 2008, the number of girls not in education worldwide had decreased from 57 percent to 53 percent. However, in some regions, the percentage had increased. According to the United Nations, many things in

4324-414: The emphasis on reading , writing and arithmetic ( the three Rs ). The schools operated on a monitorial system , whereby one teacher supervised a large class with the assistance of a team of monitors, who were quite often older pupils. Elementary school teachers were paid based on students' results. Their pupils were expected to achieve precise standards in reading, writing and arithmetic: such as reading

4416-533: The famous ones is Prof. Pat Utomi , who was 29 when he was appointed as Economic Advisers. Ministers appointed in their early 30s are Audu Innocent Ogbeh (32) and Bello Maitama Yusuf (34). Many of the cabinet ministers were below 50 years of age. Military development The one-year term Shagari administration saw a rapid growth of the capacity of the Nigerian Armed Forces . Nigeria acquired most of its sophisticated weapons during this time until

4508-561: The finances of the Nigerian government. Shagari "refused to embrace" structural adjustment from the IMF and World Bank as the crisis progressed, and initiated an Economic Stabilization Program to help protect the country against a hard landing from prior highs of the 1970s and to steer the economy towards positive growth. The key objectives of the program were to limit import licenses, reduce government spending, and raise custom duties. However,

4600-570: The first military coup in January 1966 , Shagari was the federal minister for works and had executed many important projects, including Eko Bridge Lagos , which was the first major contract of the German construction firm Julius Berger in Nigeria, and the completion of the Niger Bridge which was commissioned in 1966 by Prime Minister Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa . In 1967, he was appointed as

4692-475: The formal operational period. Lev Vygotsky's theory is based on social learning, where a more knowledgeable other (MKO) helps a child progress within their zone of proximal development (ZPD). Within the ZPD, there are skills that the child could do but needs to be shown to move from yearning to independent proficiency. The assistance or instruction becomes a form of Instructional scaffolding ; this term and idea

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4784-463: The framework that describes the intellectual, moral and emotional development of children. He received a doctorate in 1918 and did post-doctoral research in Zürich and Paris. His thoughts developed in four phases: Using this framework, the child's staged development can be examined. His theory included four stages: the sensorimotor period, the pre operational period, the concrete operational period, and

4876-519: The independence of Zimbabwe to the extent of risking the relationship between both countries. In 1980, during Zimbabwe's independence celebration, President Shagari pledged $ 15 million at the celebration to train Zimbabweans in Zimbabwe and expatriates in Nigeria. Mugabe's government used part of the money to buy newspaper companies owned by South Africans, increasing the government's control over

4968-647: The last decade. Major advances had been made even in the poorest countries, like the abolition of primary school fees in Burundi where there was an increase in primary-school enrollment, which reached 99 percent as of 2008. Also, Tanzania experienced a similar outcome. The country doubled its enrollment ratio over the same period. Moreover, other regions in Latin America such as Guatemala and Nicaragua , and Zambia in Southern Africa "broke through

5060-476: The location. Hence, in the United Kingdom and some other countries, the term primary is used instead of elementary . There is no commonly agreed on duration of primary education, but often three to six years of elementary school, and in some countries (like the US) the first seven to nine years are considered primary education . The International Standard Classification of Education considers primary education as

5152-959: The media. The rest went to training students in Nigerian universities, government workers in the Administrative Staff College of Nigeria in Badagry, and soldiers in the Nigerian Defence Academy in Kaduna. Later that year Mugabe commissioned a report by the BBC on press freedom in Zimbabwe. The BBC issued its report on 26 June, recommending the privatization of the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation and its independence from political interests. Shagari also made attempts to create ties between Nigeria and African Americans during his visits to

5244-545: The moral stories of Homer. Girls received all their education at home. In Rome the primary school was called the ludus ; the curriculum developed over the centuries featuring the learning of both Latin and Greek. In AD 94, Quintilian published the systematic educational work, Institutio Oratoria . He distinguished between teaching and learning, and that a child aged between 7 and 14 learned by sense experience, learns to form ideas, develops language and memory. He recommended that teachers should motivate their pupils by making

5336-447: The need for their children to learn and absorb their cultural traditions and beliefs. They attempt to do this informally in the family or by gathering the children together and employing a tutor to handle the task. This worked well for the landowners, but the children of the landless would be employed from the age of seven as servants. In one source from the turn of the 15th century, a French count advised that nobles' huntsmen should "choose

5428-404: The new Ministry of National Guidance under Yusuf Maitama Sule , which was solely created for that purpose. A new program was introduced called Ethical Revolution which has the famous War Against Indiscipline which was launched under Gen. Muhammadu Buhari among its Initiatives. The ministry only lasted for three months before the 1983 coup. In his short lived second term, Shagari retained only 7 of

5520-404: The oil revenue, Shagari finished building the Kaduna refinery, which started operating that year. Also with the oil revenue, Shagari started the construction of Ajaokuta Steel Mill which was near completion by 1983. It is the biggest steel project ever embarked in Africa at the time of its construction. The steelworks has been called the "bedrock of Nigeria's industrialization". Shagari completed

5612-482: The philosophy had changed, the elementary understanding of other subjects had been dropped in favour of " to establish a solid foundation for learning ". The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), believes that providing children with primary education has many positive effects. It: The ages cited cover a rapidly developing phase of child development. This is studied in the discipline of developmental psychology , which attempts to describe how children learn. In

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5704-428: The primary access point for vehicles entering Lagos Island from Apapa and Surulere areas of Lagos. The bridge was built by Julius Berger Nigeria PLC . The first phase rehabilitation plan commenced from 23 August 2014 to 27 October 2014 which lasted for 71 days. The state government announced that the rehabilitation would not necessitate its total closure rather the bridge would be rehabilitated in phase. The bridge

5796-612: The recent upgrades and acquisitions. The military procurement under Shagari remains the highest in Nigeria's history. They include the alpha Fighter Jets, the MIG Fighter Jets, 3 C-130H-30 Hercules transport aircraft, helicopter gunships among others. NNS Aradu (F89) of which is the most sophisticated ship of the Nigeria Navy was acquired during his time. The Kano 1980 riot was a riot in Kano, Nigeria , led by Maitatsine ,

5888-583: The regions have already been accomplished. Although enrollment in the sub-Saharan area of Africa continues to be the lowest region worldwide, by 2010, "it still increased by 18 percentage points—from 58 percent to 76 percent—between 1999 and 2008." There was also progress in Southern Asia and North Africa, where both areas saw an increase in enrollment. For example, in Southern Asia, this had increased by 11 percent and in North Africa by 8 percent- over

5980-552: The result of the stabilization program was minimal. Even though Shehu Shagari was exonerated from personally being involved in corrupt practices, the Second Republic was plagued by allegations of corruption, including allegations of electoral fraud in the 1983 election. This, coupled with a decline in world oil prices, and a deterioration in the national finances, hardship, leading to the regime becoming deeply unpopular with citizens. However, before removal from office, in his second term, Shagari made attempts to curb corruption through

6072-401: The same time, Shagari had started advocating for the departure of colonial rule that he had produced a Hausa pamphlet carrying poetry which he named "Anti Colonialist " and put it in circulation. In 1950, Shagari, a young teacher at 25, was nominated by a British district officer H.A.S Johnson to participate in the Ibadan Conference to debate the Richards Constitution. In 1954, Shehu Shagari

6164-413: The school population attended elementary schools through to 14. The remainder transferred either to secondary school or to junior technical school at age 11. The school system was changed with the Education Act 1944 . Education was restructured into three progressive stages, which were known as primary education, secondary education and further education . Jean Piaget was responsible for establishing

6256-406: The secretary for Sokoto Province Education Development Fund. From 1968 to 1969, Shagari was given a state position in the North-Western State as Commissioner for Establishments. As a member of the Parliament and a federal minister, Shagari led and was part of several Nigerian missions abroad. As Minister of Economic Development, he was a member of the Nigerian delegation to the Tangiers Conference of

6348-399: The state. See also: List of schools in Lagos See also: List of hospitals in Lagos See also: List of festivals in Lagos See also: Architecture of Lagos 6°27′54″N 3°22′53″E  /  6.46500°N 3.38139°E  / 6.46500; 3.38139 This Lagos –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about

6440-794: The target of building 200,000 housing units, but by June 1983, only thirty thousand (32,000) units had been completed. Despite its shortcomings, it is the largest public housing project Nigeria has ever seen. In transportation, he launched many road networks across the country including the ones leading to the new Federal Capital Abuja . Others notable road networks constructed include: Badagry-Sokoto, Lagos-Kano, Port Harcourt-Enugu, Kano-Bauchi, Warri-Okene, Abuja-Kaduna, Calabar-Ikom, Yola-Maiduguri, Mokwa-Bidda, Abuja-Keffi, Effurun-Patani-Kaiama, Jibia-Katsina, Kano-Kari and Potiskum-Maiduguri. Shagari also built and improved some seaports including Sapele Ports Complex and started Federal Ocean Terminal in Port Harcourt. Inland ports were also built and modernized and

6532-557: The teaching interesting, rather than by corporal punishment . The trivium (grammar, rhetoric and logic) and quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music) were legacies of the Roman curriculum. As the Roman influence waned, the great cathedral schools were established to provide a source of choristers and clergy. Kings School, Canterbury dates from 597. The Council of Rome in 853 specified that each parish should provide elementary education: religious ritual but also reading and writing Latin. The purpose of education

6624-486: The trouble. In 1983, Shagari issued an executive order mandating immigrants without proper immigration documents to leave the country or they would be arrested according to the law. The order was in alleged response to the religious disturbances that had engulfed parts of the country in 1980 ( Kano 1980 Riots ) and 1981. Most of the immigrants were West Africans and mainly Ghanaians . Over 2 million men, women and children were affected. Prior to Shagari's presidency, Abuja

6716-462: The vast majority of children out of school, they hypothesized that they might not have been able to reach their goal by 2015. According to the September 2010 fact sheet, this was because there were still about 69 million school-age children who were not in school with almost half of the demographic in sub-Saharan Africa and more than a quarter in Southern Asia. In order to achieve the goal by 2015,

6808-431: The vernacular. There was a need for something more basic. This was addressed by Dame schools , then charity schools , often set up by the churches ( C of E schools ), Bell's British Schools and Joseph Lancaster's National Schools . Certain movements in education had relevance in all of Europe and its diverging colonies. The Americans were interested in the thoughts of Pestalozzi , Joseph Lancaster , Owen and

6900-561: The wake of local government reforms under the Obasanjo0led government. Shagari was elected as the counselor of Yabo Local Government in 1976. Afterward, he served in the 1977–1978 constituent assembly which drafted the 1979 constitution. In 1978, Shehu Shagari was a founding member of the National Party of Nigeria. In 1979 Shagari was chosen by the party as the presidential candidate for general election that year, which he won

6992-404: The works during the Shagari administration. By 1983, Abuja had already become a functional city that council meetings and national celebrations were held there. When Shagari was removed, he was away in the city for a vacation. Abuja has since become a megacity and is now Nigeria Federal Capital Territory. Abuja was described as The Single Most Ambitious Urban Design Project of the 20th Century by

7084-655: Was Nigeria's delegate to CPA meeting in Kuala Lumpur . Then in December 1965, just when Ian Smith made the Unilateral Declaration of Independence, Shehu Shagari attended the CPA conference in Wellington, New Zealand where he criticized and made an explicit denunciation of Ian Smith 's declaration. In the same meeting. Shagari also expressed concerns about Rhodesia now Zimbabwe, where he criticizes

7176-527: Was a keen reader of the West- African Pilot paper was the only man of Sokoto origin to attend this meeting. When the British provincial educational officer was informed of Shagari's attendance, his salary increment was postponed that year to serve as a punishment. The West African Pilot was banned in the northern region schools, and Shagari wrote for it an article for its revival in 1948. At

7268-419: Was a task to be carried out by the Shagari presidency. He has severally made his position known everywhere he was including during his state visits to the United Kingdom and the United States where President Jimmy Carter had congratulated him on the independence of Zimbabwe. Correspondence between President Shagari and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher shows that he has put so much pressure on Britain concerning

7360-703: Was also a governor for the World Bank and a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) committee of twenty. Shagari as the federal minister of finance also launched the present Nigerian currency naira . In 1976, Shagari initiated the Nigeria Trust Fund in African Development Bank with the sum of $ 100 million in order to assist poor African countries to finance some of their developmental projects. As

7452-414: Was also established during the end of Shagari's administration in 1981. It also offered scholarships for students who are studying in abroad. The Shagari presidency will be remembered for his giant strides in encouraging women and youth in nation-building. On assumption to office, he gave directives to States to provide at least woman and one youth out of the seven nominees. During his campaign, he selected

7544-415: Was also put in place which is now improved and upgraded as Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport . Other infrastructures include 5,000 housing for federal workers, a statehouse secretariate and a presidential guest house (Aguda House), Statehouse, National Assembly and National Mosques were also being built, 3 five star hotels, schools, hospitals, other constructions and some major road to into the city were in

7636-484: Was based on the catechetical method - repeating and memorizing questions and answers, although often understanding the information was not important. These skills were also needed in the great abbeys such as Cluny . There was a divergence between the needs of town and monasteries and we see the development of the parish, chantry, monastic, and cathedral schools. With the entry of women into church life, convents were established, and with them convent schools. Girls entered at

7728-674: Was born on 25 February 1925 in Shagari to a Sunni Muslim Fulani family. The town of Shagari was founded by his great-grandfather, Ahmadu Rufa'i. He was raised in a polygamous family, and was the sixth child born into the family. His father, Aliyu Shagari, was the Magajin Shagari (magaji means village head). Prior to becoming Magajin Shagari , Aliyu was a farmer , trader and herder . However, due to traditional rites that prevented rulers from participating in business, Aliyu relinquished some of his trading interests when he became

7820-458: Was developed by Jerome Bruner , David Wood, and Gail Ross. These are in the realms of the: The United Nations Millennium Development Goal 2 (2002) was to achieve universal primary education by 2015. By that time, they aimed to ensure that all children everywhere, regardless of race or gender, could complete primary schooling. Because the United Nations specifically focused on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia , as they are both home to

7912-473: Was elected into his first public office as a member of the federal House of Representative for Sokoto west. In 1958, Shagari was appointed as parliamentary secretary (he left the post in 1959) to the Nigerian prime minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa , and that year he also served as the federal minister for commerce and industries. From 1959 to 1960, Shagari was the pioneer federal minister for economic development of independent Nigeria, where his ministry

8004-426: Was fueled by the fact that other West African nationals had aided in armed robberies. Illegal aliens from Niger , Chad , Cameroon , Mali and Burkina Faso along with over 6,000 Nigerian Muslim fanatics killed over 100 policemen while injuring 100 policemen. The army was called and alleviated the situation before the fanatics could overrun the country. However, official sources state that illegal aliens did not cause

8096-1090: Was launched, and in 1982 a 6–3–3–5 system of education was introduced. Shagari's government also built several tertiary institutions in Nigeria. New universities of technology where established in Bauchi, Benue, Adamawa, Ondo, Imo, and Osun States. They are the Federal University of Technology Yola ; Federal University of Technology Akure ; Federal University of Technology Owerri ; Federal University of Technology Minna ; Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta ; and Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University . Shagari's administration also upgraded seven other existing colleges of education to degree-awarding institutions in Abraka, Ondo, Kano, Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Port Harcourt, and Zaria and also established eight other federal polytechnics in Ado Ekiti, Bidda, Bauchi, Idah, Uwana (Afikpo), Yola and Ilaro. The Federal Open University of Nigeria

8188-421: Was merely a virgin land with no development. Shehu Shagari laid the first infrastructure of the new city, the first of which is the road from Suleja to the site of the capital. Other infrastructures include electricity, waters, and roads. The Usman Dam was built in 1980, which was mean to meet the water needs of the future city. The city was also connected to the national grid during that time. A new airport runway

8280-502: Was partially shut for rehabilitation on 4 July 2020. The Federal Ministry of Works, Nigeria , rehabilitated the second phase of the bridge from 23 October till 9 November 2021. The second phase of the rehabilitation was officially announced by the state government to commence on Saturday October 23 to November 9, 2021, by the Federal Ministry of Works. According to the report, the work will commence along Alaka-Apongbon area of

8372-497: Was responsible for drawing the 1962–1968 development plan. Shagari's Ministry of Economic Development was also responsible for the establishment of the Niger-Delta Development Board. From 1960 to 1962, he was the federal minister for pensions, which undertook the mission of Nigerianization of the civil service. From 1962 to 1965, Shagari was made the federal minister for internal affairs . From 1965 up until

8464-419: Was to explain salvation, not social change. The church had a monopoly on education; the feudal lords concurred and allowed their sons to be educated at the few church schools. The economy in most of Europe was agrarian and the children of serfs started work as soon as they were able. It was accepted as a truth by Christians that man was created by God in the image of Adam with his share of original sin and that

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