129-594: Eluru ( / ˈ eɪ l uː r ʊ / AY -loo-roo ) is a city and the district headquarters of Eluru district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is one of the 14 municipal corporations in the state and the mandal headquarters of Eluru mandal in the Eluru revenue division . Situated on the banks of the Tammileru River , Eluru is strategically positioned in the southeastern part of Andhra Pradesh. It
258-538: A Yūpa sacrificial post, and is inscribed "The king of kings who has performed the Vajimedha sacrifice wins heaven after protecting the earth". The reverse shows a standing figure of the queen, holding a fan and a towel, and is inscribed "Powerful enough to perform the Ashvamedha sacrifice". Many Indo-European branches show evidence for horse sacrifice, and comparative mythology suggests that they derive from
387-533: A Proto-Indo-European ritual . Most appear to be funerary practices associated with burial, but for some other cultures there is tentative evidence for rituals associated with kingship. The Ashvamedha is the clearest evidence preserved, but vestiges from Latin and Celtic traditions allow the reconstruction of a few common attributes. A similar ritual is found in Celtic tradition in which the king in Ireland conducted
516-900: A Material Recovery Facility (MRF) and wet waste sent to a vermicomposting unit. The city has a single dumping site located at Ponani and operates seven Pollution Under Control (PUC) centres within its limits. The recent outbreak of a mysterious illness in Eluru and neighbouring villages highlights the pressing pollution issues in Kolleru Lake and other water bodies in Andhra Pradesh. Over 600 people fell ill, with experts detecting herbicides in vegetables and lead and nickel in patients' blood samples. Kolleru Bird Sanctuary , once home to millions of migratory birds such as glossy Ibis , painted storks , and grey pelicans , but now only limited numbers of painted storks and grey pelicans are observed in
645-492: A blood bank and a district laboratory. The Centre for Economic and Social Studies (CESS) has highlighted that West Godavari, which has since been split into Eluru district and West Godavari district, ranks first in Andhra Pradesh in terms of healthcare infrastructure development according to the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). As of 1998, Eluru had 73 clinics, including 50 private and 23 government establishments. With
774-504: A crucial role in regional commerce, Eluru is renowned primarily for its pile carpets , though it also manufactures textiles and leather goods. Additionally, the city serves as a key trade hub for fresh water fish, rice, oilseeds, tobacco, and sugar. Located on the Golden Quadrilateral, the city is well-connected by road, rail, and airways. Alluri Sitarama Raju Stadium, situated in Eluru, is a prominent sports venue named after
903-469: A flood-balancing reservoir and a crucial habitat for various resident and migratory bird species over an area of about 910 square kilometers. While the exact origin of Kolleru Lake is unclear, previous studies based on sandy beach ridges and fossil shell datings suggest it may have formed as a coastal lagoon during the Mid-Holocene period. Eluru experiences hot and humid climate due to its proximity to
1032-550: A history of varying marine and terrestrial environments. Kolleru Lake is the largest freshwater lake situated between the major river deltas of the Godavari and Krishna along India's east coast. This shallow wetland has a depth ranging between 0.5 and 2.0 meters in summer and spans approximately 245 square kilometers. Designated as a wetland of international significance under the Ramsar Convention , Kolleru serves as
1161-458: A hospital in 1880 with 24 beds. When West Godavari district was created and Eluru became its headquarters in 1925, the hospital's capacity was increased to 72 beds and later to 95 beds in 1945. After 1953, the hospital saw major improvements, including a new building. By the 1960s, it had 300 beds and offered various services such as surgery, general medicine, pediatrics, eye care, family planning, dental care, and obstetrics and gynecology. It also had
1290-745: A plantation drive in Chintampalle , involving 200 farmers from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. GAVL has also inaugurated an edible oil refinery in Chintalapudi and allocated 47,000 acres in Telangana for expanded cultivation and processing. The COVID-19 lockdown had a profound impact on the economy of Eluru. Over 51,500 workers across 23 sectors faced income loss during the lockdown. Additionally, approximately 20,000 weavers, fishermen, tailors, artisans, and self-employed individuals experienced significant disruptions to their livelihoods. The situation
1419-607: A population of 1,937,695, of which 309,424 (15.97%) live in urban areas. Eluru district has a sex ratio of 1002 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 65.39 %. Scheduled Castes are 21,73,227 and Scheduled Tribes made up to 3,01,881 population respectively. At the time of the 2011 census, 93.81% of the population spoke Telugu , 2.68% Koya and 2.60% Urdu as their first language. Languages of Eluru district (2011) There are one parliamentary and seven assembly constituencies in Eluru district. The parliamentary constituencies are The assembly constituencies are The district
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#17327728250111548-421: A population of 215,804 (2001), the city had 159 doctors, translating to approximately 7.4 doctors per 10,000 people; 304 nurses, or about 14.1 nurses per 10,000 people; and 849 hospital beds, equating to about 39.4 beds per 10,000 people. Approximately 75% of private hospitals in Eluru were established between the 1980s and 1990s. Government hospitals account for 40% of the hospital beds, while 75% of doctors work in
1677-574: A prominent seat of the Chalukya kings, has a new museum dedicated to showcasing its rich historical artifacts. It is located at Goreela Badi on the eastern street of I-town and will feature copper plates from the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries, discovered during excavations at Jain sites such as Gandigudem and Pulla . Additionally, idols from Chalukya period Jain temples , including those from Kota Sattemma and Peddintlamma temples , will be displayed. Efforts are also underway to move prehistoric tools from
1806-399: A proposal for declaring an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) around Kolleru Lake to enhance pollution control and protect the region's ecological health. As of 2011 census of India , Eluru Municipal Corporation had a population of 214,414 of which 105,707 were male and 108,707 female, whilst Eluru urban agglomeration had a population of 250,693. The estimated city population during 2015–16, period
1935-535: A rift that stretches from Boregaon in Maharashtra to the east coast of Andhra Pradesh. This region features a range of geological deposits from the Permian to Early Cretaceous periods. Lower Gondwana formations like Talchir and Barakar are found along the basin's edges, while Upper Gondwana sediments, including Kamthi and Kota Sandstones, are present in the central areas. The basin's diverse geology reflects
2064-443: A rite of symbolic marriage with a sacrificed horse. The Roman October Horse sacrifice was an annual event, and apparently the only time horses were sacrificed, rather than cattle or smaller animals. Horse sacrifices were performed among the ancient Germans, Armenians, Iranians, Chinese, Greeks, among others. Sanskrit epics and Puranas mention numerous legendary performances of the horse sacrifice. For example, according to
2193-559: A shortage of combat squadrons, currently operating 33 squadrons versus the needed 42. The induction of the indigenous Tejas fighter jets and ongoing negotiations for additional aircraft like the Rafale and Sukhoi-30 highlight India's efforts to bolster its air combat capabilities. The establishment of this new facility is expected to support these national defense objectives by enhancing domestic production of advanced aircraft. The Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, situated near Pedavegi
2322-548: A significant shift in government policy. The Government of Madras, influenced by these pressures, issued G.O.No. 817 on March 25, 1922, replacing the term Panchama with Adi-Andhra in Andhra. In 1944, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar visited Eluru during his tour of Andhra Pradesh. Ambedkar used his platform to criticize Gandhi, asserting that Gandhi's policies were unsuitable for India and likening them unfavorably to Abraham Lincoln's approach. Despite his criticism of Gandhi, Ambedkar's visit
2451-545: A significant source of income for fishermen and supporting numerous related businesses. The Eluru Canal, stretching over 64 kilometers, is vital to the local economy, irrigating about 24,483 hectares. This irrigation sustains agriculture in the region, which is key to its economic stability and growth. In 1904, the Sree Krishna Jute Mills Limited began operations in Eluru as a public limited company. With an initial capital investment of Rs. 20 lakhs,
2580-559: A spacious prayer hall and a Guru Nilayam. Eluru Buddha Park is in the city and is notable for its 74 ft (23 m) Buddha statue in the Abhaya posture, in the heart of Gaja Vallivari Cheruvu tank which was used as drinking water source for elephants in the Ancient Era. Kolleru Lake is a very large (30,855 hectares [100 sq mi] to 90,100 hectares [300 sq mi]) but shallow fresh-water lake, about 15 km from
2709-581: A succession dispute between his son Nasir Jung and his grandson Muzaffar Jung . Both, however, were ultimately overthrown due to the machinations of their subordinates. As a result, Salabat Jung , the third son of Nizam-ul-Mulk, was elevated to the throne with the support of the French. Between 1750 and 1850, the Northern Coromandel region, including Eluru, witnessed significant political and administrative changes. In 1753 AD, Salabat Jung granted
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#17327728250112838-543: A year, according to some commentators. The horse was associated with the Sun, and its yearly course. If the horse wandered into neighbouring provinces hostile to the sacrificer, they were to be subjugated. The wandering horse was attended by a herd of a hundred geldings , and one or four hundred young kshatriya men, sons of princes or high court officials, charged with guarding the horse from all dangers and inconvenience, but never impeding or driving it. The escort had to prevent
2967-559: Is a district in coastal Andhra Region in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . With Eluru as its administrative headquarters, it was proposed on 26 January 2022 to become one of the resultant twenty six districts in the state once a final notification is issued by the government of Andhra Pradesh . It is formed from Eluru revenue division and Jangareddygudem revenue division from West Godavari district and Nuzvid revenue division from Krishna district . Eluru District history
3096-574: Is a significant Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Venkateswara Swamy, situated on Seshadri Hill. The temple is renowned for its self-manifested idol of Sri Venkateswara Swamy, discovered by the saint Dwaraka. It is located 38.63 kilometers from Eluru and 19.31 kilometers from Bhimadole Railway Station. The temple is carved into the hill and includes a five-storey gopuram at the entrance. The Kalyanotsavam, an eight-day festival held in April-May, attracts thousands of devotees. Pedavegi , formerly known as Vengi,
3225-758: Is an urban planning organization established on January 1, 2019, under the AP Metropolitan Region and Urban Development Authority Act, 2016. Based in Eluru, West Godavari district, the ELUDA is responsible for overseeing development and planning within its jurisdiction, which spans an area of 3,327.99 square kilometers. The authority manages urban planning for Eluru city, as well as seven municipalities namely; Bhimavaram , Kovvur , Narasapuram , Nidadavolu , Palakollu , Tadepalligudem , and Tanuku and one Nagar Panchayat, Jangareddygudem . The formation of ELUDA aims to streamline and enhance urban development in
3354-536: Is categorized into four areas for air quality measurement: Commercial, Silent/Sensitive, Industrial, and Residential. The data indicates a decline in PM10 levels from 2014 to 2020, reflecting a positive trend. PM10 sources in Eluru are primarily roads and vehicular emissions, with no major industries within the city. Eluru generates 79 metric tons of solid waste daily and engages in home composting, with 3 metric tons of waste processed from 173 micro pockets of dry waste sent to
3483-550: Is crucial for local agriculture and wildlife, serving as an important ecological and economic resource. The Eluru Canal runs through the city and serves as a major irrigation and waterway. This canal is a crucial part of the region's water management system, transporting water from the Krishna River and facilitating irrigation for the surrounding agricultural areas. Eluru is located in the Pranhita–Godavari Basin ,
3612-698: Is dedicated to boosting oil palm cultivation across the country. Eluru district, with 75,705 hectares dedicated to oil palm cultivation, is a leading region in India's Oil palm production. As part of the Government of India's Mega Oil Palm Plantation Drive under the National Mission on Edible Oils - Oil Palm (NMEO-OP), efforts are being made to enhance oil palm cultivation to achieve self-reliance in edible oil production. On August 18, 2023 Godrej Agrovet Ltd. (GAVL) supported this initiative by organizing
3741-401: Is divided into 3 revenue divisions: Eluru , Jangareddygudem , and Nuzividu , which are further subdivided into a total of 27 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector. The list of 27 mandals in Eluru district, divided into 3 revenue divisions, is given below. wards Formation Year Population There are many landmarks and tourism destinations in the district. Eluru is the largest city of
3870-703: Is found on the main gateway of the large mosque in Rajahmundry. Additionally, coins of this Sultan have been discovered in a village near Eluru. Nearly all of the Telugu country had come under Muslim rule by 1324 AD Eluru was captured by the Kakatiyas and then became a part of the Kalinga Empire until 1471 AD. Later, it fell into the hands of the Gajapatis . In 1515, Srikrishnadevaraya captured it. After
3999-499: Is intersected by various rivers and canals. Kolleru Lake , the largest freshwater lake in inland India is located within a few kilometers from the city. As of 2011 census of India , Eluru Municipal Corporation had a population of 214,414, where as Eluru Urban Development Authority has a population around 2,760,160. Eluru has made significant contributions to Indian film and arts through several notable personalities like L. V. Prasad , Silk Smitha , Sekhar Kammula etc. The city plays
Eluru - Misplaced Pages Continue
4128-592: Is located 11.3 kilometers from Eluru and was once the capital of the Salankayanas, Vishnukundins, and Eastern Chalukyas. Now a small village, it retains archaeological remains, including a large well in the fortress where it is believed that women sacrificed themselves during enemy invasions. Eluru Ashram, or Nam Datta Natha Kshetra, is linked to the Datta Peetham and includes a small temple with idols of Lord Dattatreya and Anagha Devi. The ashram also houses
4257-536: Is more likely that the Ashvamedha campaign was initiated by Prithvivyaghra (or his overlord), and Nandivarman's general foiled it. In the Arya Samaj reform movement of Dayananda Sarasvati , the Ashvamedha is considered an allegory or a ritual to get connected to the "Inner Sun" ( Prana ) According to Dayananda, no horse was actually to be slaughtered in the ritual as per the Yajurveda. Following Dayananda,
4386-411: Is often the best time for tourist visits, as fields are brilliantly green with paddy crops, rivers flowing with monsoon water, and a relatively cool climate. The region has long been home to the Indian nobles due to its climate and fertile soil, and several zamindar large mansions are scattered around the Godavari area. At the time of the 2011 census , the mandals which would become Eluru district had
4515-425: Is one of the constituencies for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly . Radha Krishnayya Badeti is the present MLA of the constituency from Telugu Desam Party . The constituency falls under Eluru (Lok Sabha constituency) which was won by Putta Mahesh Kumar of the same party. Eluru is recognized for its diverse industrial landscape, featuring a wide range of functional categories and economic activities. Since
4644-407: Is one of the oldest contributors to the Eluru's economy. The company produces incense products in the city. In 2016, a new facility for integration of weapons and manufacturing unit for Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) was planned for Eluru. The project, estimated to cost Rs ₹ 2,135 billion (US$ 26 billion), is a collaboration between UK-based Wem Technologies Private Limited and Lockheed Martin ,
4773-560: Is shared common history with West Godavari district , The Eastern Chalukyas ruled coastal Andhra from 700 to 1200, with Vengi, near Pedavegi village, as their capital. Historical pieces of evidence are found at the villages, Pedavegi and Guntupalli (Jilakarragudem). Eluru then became a part of the Kalinga Empire until 1471. Later it fell into the hands of the Gajapati Empire. In 1515, Krishnadevaraya captured it. After
4902-655: The Mahabharata , Emperor Bharata performed a hundred Ashvamedha ceremonies on the banks of Yamuna , three hundred on the banks of Sarasvati and four hundred on the banks of the Ganga . He again performed a thousand Ashvamedha on different locations and a hundred Rajasuya . Following the vast empires ruled by the Gupta and Chalukya dynasties , the practice of the sacrifice diminished remarkably. The historical performers of Ashvamedha include: The Udayendiram inscription of
5031-457: The Adhvaryu , the priest and the sacrificer whispered mantras into its ear. A "four-eyed" black dog was killed with a club made of Sidhraka wood, then passed under the horse, and dragged to the river from which the water sprinkled on the horse had come and set to flow south. The horse was then set loose towards the north-east, to roam around wherever it chose, for the period of one year, or half
5160-613: The British , the Buckingham Canal is now part of India's Inland Waterway project, designed to facilitate civilian and goods transportation, potentially reducing transportation costs and improving connectivity through waterways. The region has a tropical climate similar to the rest of the Coastal Andhra region. The summers (March–June) are hot and dry while the winters are fairly cold. The rainy season (July–December)
5289-844: The National Green Tribunal (NGT) mandated action plans for all non-attainment cities, including Eluru. On December 27, 2019, an action plan was submitted by the Air Quality Monitoring Committee (AQMC) for Eluru. The Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB) has been monitoring the city's ambient air quality under the National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAAQMP), focusing on parameters such as PM10 , PM2.5, SO2, and NO2. Currently, air quality measurements are taken manually, as there are no real-time monitoring stations in Eluru. The city
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5418-737: The Quit India Movement , where he led underground efforts in Guntur District before his arrest in Tenali on September 3, 1942. Under the chairmanship of Bhagya Reddy Varma , the First Andhra Desa Panchama Conference was held in Bezawada (Vijayawada) on November 4-6, 1917. Varma's efforts included extensive tours across Andhra Districts, with Eluru being a notable stop. His advocacy led to
5547-626: The United States , Australia , Germany and the United Kingdom . In West Godavari, Eluru stands out for its significant role in livestock and poultry farming. According to the 1961 Livestock Census, Eluru taluk ranks first in livestock numbers and also leads in poultry population. The density of livestock in Eluru is 370.7 per square mile, while poultry density is 225.6 per square mile. Recent developments have boosted dairying in Eluru. The Integrated Milk Project, supported by UNICEF and
5676-631: The 16th century. It came under the control of the Mughal Empire in the 17th century as the empire expanded its influence across South India . The town later became part of the Nawab of Hyderabad 's dominions in the 18th century. During British India , Eluru was incorporated into the Madras Presidency and made capital for Northern Circars in the early 19th century. The British established administrative and infrastructural developments in
5805-433: The 17th century, Eluru was known for rug weaving , derived from weavers of Iranian descendants. Around 1900, the notable Madras export firm Arbuthnot contracted the production of Eluru carpets. R.R.Pet, Powerpet , Eluru 1-Town area are the commercial centres. Tangellamudi, Sanivarapupeta and Lakshavarapupeta areas of the city are known for the wool pile carpet industry. The eco-friendly carpets are exported to countries like
5934-690: The 8th-century Pallava king Nandivarman II (alias Pallavamalla) states that his general Udayachandra defeated the Nishada ruler Prithvivyaghra, who, "desiring to become very powerful, was running after the horse of the Ashvamedha". The inscription does not clarify which king initiated this Ashvamedha campaign. Historian N. Venkataramanayya theorized that Prithvivyaghra was a feudatory ruler, who unsuccessfully tried to challenge Nandivarman's Ashvamedha campaign. However, historian Dineshchandra Sircar notes that no other inscriptions of Nandivarman or his descendants mention his performance of Ashvamedha; therefore, it
6063-797: The All India Congress Committee meeting in 1921, Mahatma Gandhi visited several coastal towns, including Eluru, to promote nationalism. During his visit, he inaugurated the Gandhi Andhra Jateeya Mahavidyalayam, a National College aimed at spreading higher education in the city. After the decision of the All India Congress Socialist Party (AICSP) to organize provincial parties, the Andhra Pradesh Congress Socialist Party (APCSP)
6192-620: The All India Khadi Board visited Eluru, urging people to produce and use khaddar, which led to a significant increase in demand, causing local depots to struggle to keep up. The district's political awareness was further demonstrated during the Simon Commission 's visit in 1928. The Eluru Municipality passed a resolution supporting the boycott of the Commission and ordered the closure of all municipal institutions on
6321-1065: The Arya Samaj disputes the very existence of the pre-Vedantic ritual; thus Swami Satya Prakash Saraswati claims that the word in the sense of the Horse Sacrifice does not occur in the Samhitas [...] In the terms of cosmic analogy, ashva s the Sun. In respect to the adhyatma paksha , the Prajapati-Agni , or the Purusha , the Creator, is the Ashva ; He is the same as the Varuna , the Most Supreme. The word medha stands for homage; it later on became synonymous with oblations in rituology, since oblations are offered, dedicated to
6450-491: The Ashvamedha where a statue is used in place of a real horse, according to Hinduism Today with a million participants in Chitrakoot , Madhya Pradesh on April 16 to 20, 1994. Such modern performances are Sattvika Yajnas where the animal is worshipped without killing it, the religious motivation being prayer for overcoming enemies, the facilitation of child welfare and development, and clearance of debt, entirely within
6579-401: The Government of India, began milk distribution in Eluru town on January 1, 1968. Within two years, daily milk supply surged from 35 liters to 3,100 liters, and by the end of 1969, Eluru had 14 milk distribution centers. Due to its proximity to Kolleru Lake, Eluru hosts approximately four fish markets that conduct trade statewide. These markets play a crucial role in the local economy by providing
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#17327728250116708-756: The Grand National Trunk road, and the mini-bypass roads. Plans are underway to expand the mini-bypass road into a four-lane road to improve connectivity with nearby suburbs. The Grand National Trunk road is a 15-kilometer, six-lane road, while the Bypass road (NH-16) was expanded into a 6-lane road to ease traffic between Eluru and Vijayawada. Key arterial roads include Sanivarapupeta road, Ramachandra Rao Pet main road, Powerpet Station road, Court Centre Road, Rama Mahal Centre Road, ASR Stadium road, Kannaya Park Road, and Kotadibba Road. Eluru city has approximately 522,000 registered vehicles, with motorcycles being
6837-633: The Ikshvakus. The historical significance of the Salankayanas is highlighted by the inscription of their first known king, Devavarman, in Eluru (Ellore), where he recorded performing the Ashvamedha sacrifice to mark his successful establishment of the kingdom. The Salankayanas are considered one of the elusive kingdoms of Andhra, with their timeline corroborated by references in the Samudra Gupta inscription mentioning Hastivarman of Vengi . In
6966-750: The Kakinada museum to Eluru; these tools, dating from the Paleolithic to Neolithic ages, were originally found in Pedavegi and Jangareddygudem. The new museum will seek permission to transfer Chalukya period inscriptions from Chennai , which document early Telugu usage. Notable landmarks include the ancient Helapuri Samskrita Pathasala and prominent temples like Janardhana and Jalapaharesvara, with major festivals such as Sankara Jayanti, Ramakoti Utsavam, and Tyagaraja Aradhana attracting thousands of visitors. Dwaraka Tirumala , also known as Chinna Tirupathi,
7095-564: The Nizam of Hyderabad, Salabat Jung, but British pressure led to the eventual surrender of Masulipatnam on April 8, 1759. Salabat Jung, the Nizam of Hyderabad, initially allied with the French but was forced to retreat after a treaty with the British, after the rebellion by his brother, Nizam Ali Khan . In 1760, Nizam Ali Khan sought British assistance in his conflict with the Marathas , offering
7224-529: The Northern Circars, including the area around Eluru. This was part of a broader strategy to weaken the French position in the Deccan and support local allies. On October 20, 1758, British troops arrived at Visakhapatnam, subsequently advancing to Eluru. By February 6, 1759, British forces reached Eluru, and by March 3, they neared Masulipatnam . The French commander, Conflaus, had sought assistance from
7353-441: The allegorical interpretation of the ritual, and with no actual sacrifice of any animal. The earliest recorded criticism of the ritual comes from the Cārvāka , an atheistic school of Indian philosophy that assumed various forms of philosophical skepticism and religious indifference. A quotation of the Cārvāka from Madhavacharya 's Sarva-Darsana-Sangraha states: "The three authors of the Vedas were buffoons, knaves, and demons. All
7482-515: The bay horses" and the sun, followed by the Avabhṛtha. The Avabhṛtha was the "unpurificatory" bathing of the sacrificer at the end of the sacrifice. After an antelope skin was put in the water body, the king, his wife, and the priests ritually bathe. Afterwards a sterile cow or eleven other animals are sacrificed. Throughout the entire night, the annahoma was performed at the Uttaravedi (the northern altar). It consists of an oblation of clarified butter, fried rice, fried barley, and fried grain. On
7611-419: The celebrated Indian freedom fighter Alluri Sitarama Raju . Eluru's educational landscape includes several notable institutions, such as ASRAM Medical college, Sir C.R. Reddy Educational Institutions , etc, which contribute to the city's reputation as a centre for learning. The city was part of the Vengi Kingdom and served as the capital during the Buddhist kingdom's rule, where it was known as 'Helapuri'. It
7740-700: The central government's moratorium on house rents and loan interests, many individuals faced future financial burdens and were forced to take handloans, risking vehicle seizures and further jeopardizing their livelihoods. Building workers in Eluru, numbering around 6,000, were severely affected due to a sand policy crisis that halted sand mining and compounded by the pandemic. Additionally, the retail and service sectors suffered greatly; approximately 8,000 mall workers lost their jobs and wages, while around 5,000 housemaids were left unpaid and faced reduced work opportunities, often being asked to work outside their employers' homes, leading to further economic distress. Eluru, once
7869-428: The cession of Eluru and two other Circars. Although the British couldn't spare troops, they suggested to Hasan Ali Khan, the fauzdar of Eluru, to lease the five Northern Circars to them in return for half the net revenue. In 1762, Nizam Ali Khan ousted Salabat Jung and usurped the throne, leading to the British occupying the Circars, including Eluru, under the sanads delivered by Hasan Ali Khan. When Nizam Ali Khan demanded
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#17327728250117998-506: The city had struggled with traffic congestion, particularly around railway gates at Vatluru , Venkatraopet, Powerpet, old bus stand , and Eastern Locks. This issue was due to the National Highway passing through the city, leading to significant traffic delays as vehicles rushed to cross railway gates both within the city and its outskirts. In response, the government constructed a mini bypass road connecting Eastern Locks and Vatluru. Despite these efforts, traffic problems persisted, partly due to
8127-422: The city include Powerpet , Denduluru and Vatluru . All these stations are on the Howrah-Chennai main line . Vijayawada is the nearest airport to the city. Indian National Waterway 4 (NW-4) is under development. It runs along the East Coast through Kakinada , Rajahmundry, Eluru, Commanur, Buckingham Canal , and part of the Krishna and Godavari rivers in South India. Eluru district Eluru district
8256-556: The city is Y.Sai Sreekanth and the Mayor is Shaik Noorjahan. In 2015, as per the ' Swachh Bharat Abhiyan ' of the Ministry of Urban Development , Eluru Municipal Corporation was ranked 249th in the country. Eluru urban agglomeration is spread over an area of 23.85 km (9.21 sq mi) and its constituents include Eluru municipal corporation, census towns of Sanivarapupeta , Satrampadu , Gavaravaram , Tangellamudi , and partly out growths of Komadavole , Eluru (rural) villages. The Eluru Urban Development Authority (ELUDA)
8385-499: The city. The lake is known for attracting migratory birds from Northern Europe and Northern Asia during the months of October–March and is designated as the Kolleru Bird Sanctuary . As of 2018, the water level has been low in recent years. The "Holy Land" of Israel has been replicated on the premises of Fr. Silvio Pasquali Memorial Convent at Duggirala on the city outskirts. Eluru has a diverse transportation system that includes auto rickshaws, bicycles, buses, and trains. Historically,
8514-411: The construction of a special "sacrificial house" and a fire altar . Before the horse began its travels, at a moment chosen by astrologers, there was a ceremony and small sacrifice in the house, after which the king had to spend the night with the queen, but avoiding sex. The next day the horse was consecrated with more rituals, tethered to a post, and addressed as a god. It was sprinkled with water, and
8643-501: The day they arrived in India. During Mahatma Gandhi's individual Satyagraha in 1941, Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led the movement in Andhra. After Sitaramaiah's arrest, Venkata Raju was appointed as his successor with Gandhi's approval on March 19, 1941. Venkata Raju subsequently traveled to various Andhra towns, including Eluru, to build support for the Satyagraha. His efforts were notable in Eluru and other locations such as Guntur, Vijayawada, and Kakinada. Venkata Raju's activism continued during
8772-430: The dead horse reciting mantras and obscene dialogue with the priests. The chief queen then had to spend the night beside the dead horse in a position mimicking sexual intercourse and was covered with a blanket. On the next morning, the priests raised the queen from the place. One priest cut the horse along the "knife-paths" while other priests started reciting the verses of Vedas, seeking healing and regeneration for
8901-411: The district with many destinations related to Buddhists and Archeological importance such as Guntupalli Caves near the city. Eluru city hosts a 74-foot high Buddha statue in the heart of the city. Some of the religious destinations include, Dwaraka Tirumala known with the name as Chinna Tirumala . Ashvamedha The Ashvamedha ( Sanskrit : अश्वमेध , romanized : aśvamedha )
9030-439: The district, serving as a crucial water source. Recently, the Government of India initiated the Polavaram Project , a water reservoir with the potential to store up to 194.6 TMC of water. This project aims to provide a significant water source for other parts of Andhra Pradesh, with the capacity to divert water to drought-prone areas such as Rayalaseema and other districts through the Buckingham Canal . Originally constructed by
9159-407: The drinking of the soma and the twelve oblations to the seasons, and the sacrifice of a goat to Agni. The midday pressing was similar and dedicated to Indra, and dakshina was also distributed on that day to the priests consisting of a varying multitude of cows. At the evening pressing only two musical chants were sung and two recitations chanted. Then proceeded the conclusory libations to the "yoking of
9288-679: The fall of the Vijayanagara Kingdom, The region fell under Qutb Shahi dynasty in c. 1565 AD and subsequently became part of the Mughal Empire in 1687. In the early 17th century, the East India Company was establishing its foothold in the Indian subcontinent amidst the complex political landscape of the Mughal Empire. In 1689, after Mughal forces occupied the Vizagapatam factory and seized Company servants,
9417-594: The fall of the Vijayanagara Empire , it was taken by the Sultan of Golconda Fort , Kutub Shah. On 2 April 2022, Eluru District was formed with Eluru as its headquarters and all the district offices and regional offices were set up in Eluru city, Before that it was a Headquarter for West Godavari district . The district occupies an area of 6,679 km (2,578.776 sq mi). The district is bounded by Khammam district & Alluri Sitharama Raju district on
9546-528: The first book of the Ramayana by Valmiki , mentions a horse sacrifice performed at the behest of King Dasharatha , the father of Rama . One type of the gold coins of the Gupta Empire kings Samudragupta (reigned c. 350–370 CE) and Kumaragupta (reigned c. 415–455 CE) commemorates their Ashvamedha sacrifices. The obverse shows the horse anointed and decorated for sacrifice, standing in front of
9675-483: The former West Godavari district contributing 62% to walking and cycling, and 50% of places being within a cyclable distance. Eluru has 93 traffic centres, including 10 major junctions, but only 4 of these junctions are equipped with traffic signals. Eluru is classified as an 'A–category station' in the Vijayawada railway division of South Coast Railway zone . Apart from the main station, other stations that serve
9804-481: The headquarters of West Godavari district. In 2022, Eluru district was carved out of West Godavari and includes the Assembly constituencies of Eluru , Chintalapudi , Nuzvid , Denduluru , Unguturu , Kaikalur and Polavaram . In 1894, the ryots of Krishna district held a conference in Eluru to protest against the increased water rates, refusing to cultivate their lands until the rates were reduced. After attending
9933-487: The horse's chest. A ewe dedicated to Sarasvatī was attached under the horse's mouth. Two black-bellied he-goats dedicated to the Aśvins were tied to the horse's front legs. A dark grey he-goat dedicated to Soma-Pūṣan was attached underneath the horse. On the two sides of the horse were attached a black goat to Sūrya and a white goat to Yama . Two goats with shaggy thighs were dedicated to Tvaṣṭar . A white goat dedicated to Vāyu
10062-458: The horse, the animal would be guided back to the king's capital. It would be then sacrificed, and the king would be declared as an undisputed sovereign. The ritual is recorded as being held by many ancient rulers, but apparently only by two in the last thousand years. The most recent ritual was in 1741, the second one held by Maharajah Jai Singh II of Jaipur . The original Vedic religion had evidently included many animal sacrifices , as had
10191-418: The horse. The horse's epiploon along with soma are offered in an oblation, and the priests dismember the horse and other animal victims with an oblation of their blood. On the third day an Atirātra was performed. The Atirātra was a Soma sacrifice in which there was a nocturnal session where soma was drunk. Afterwards an Avabhṛtha takes place. However, in the Ashvamedha sinners and criminals also take part in
10320-483: The implementation of town planning schemes by Eluru Municipality. The Narasimharaopet Scheme was initiated in 1942, with subsequent schemes, including Ramachandraraopet, Ashoknagar and Phirangula Dibba, providing essential amenities such as roads and street lighting. It was upgraded to Municipal Corporation on 9 April 2005 from selection grade municipality. It is spread over an area of 14.50 km (5.60 sq mi) with 50 wards. The present Municipal Commissioner of
10449-578: The increase in vehicle numbers using the bypass road, which was originally part of the Golden Quadrilateral programme completed in the late 1990s. The traffic on this road has nearly doubled since its completion. Efforts to manage the congestion included constructing an underbridge at Venkatraopet, a railway overbridge at the old bus stand, and replacing the footbridge at Powerpet with a new bridge. Eluru's road network spans approximately 227.09 kilometers. Major routes include National Highway 16,
10578-403: The king would bathe, dress in black antelope skin, and sit on another skin in a hut in front of a fire, fasting in silence with a covered head and sleeping on the ground. The upasad was a multiday ceremony that precedes Soma sacrifices. It consisted of the acquisition and welcoming of Soma and the construction of various structures needed for the sacrifice, along with the sacrifice of a goat. On
10707-455: The lake. These birds, which previously migrated from Siberia and other regions between October and March for breeding, are now arriving in reduced numbers. This decline in bird populations is attributed to increasing pollution and environmental degradation. The Kolleru Bird Sanctuary, crucial for migratory and indigenous birds, is experiencing significant threats from contamination and habitat loss. Efforts to address these issues include reviewing
10836-643: The largest U.S. defense, aerospace, and security company. Then Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu announced that 1.416 km (0.547 sq mi) of land in Vatluru and Bhogapuram villages near Eluru will be allocated for the facility. In the first phase, the facility will see an investment of Rs ₹ 635 billion (US$ 7.6 billion) crore and create 650 jobs, with a total of 2,510 jobs expected upon full operation. Wem Technologies currently holds orders valued at ₹ 560 billion (US$ 6.7 billion). The Indian Air Force (IAF) faces challenges with its aging fleet and
10965-642: The late fifth century, the Salankayanas were conquered by Madhavarma II of the Vishnukundinas . During the reign of Madhava Varma the Great, they became independent and conquered coastal Andhra from the Salankayanas and might have shifted their capital to a place in coastal Andhra. Eluru was a major city of the Vishnukundinas. Vishnukundin reign might be fixed between the end of the Salankayana and
11094-402: The middle, and the discarded wife (parvṛktī) the hindquarters. They also embellished the horse's head, neck, and tail with golden ornaments and 101 or 109 pearls. After this, the horse, a hornless black-necked he- goat , and a Gomṛga were bound to sacrificial stakes near the fire, and seventeen other animals were attached with ropes to the horse. The he-goat dedicated to Agni was attached to
11223-552: The mills produce gunnies and jute twine, employing around 1,800 people, and had a production of 6,924.45 tonnes in 1967-68. This mill was later closed in 2022. Annapurna Pulverising Mills, established in 1963 in Eluru's industrial estate, has a capital investment of Rs. 5 lakhs. The mills manufacture pesticides and insecticides, producing 1,449 tonnes of dusts, 41 tonnes of wettables, and 30,648 litres of emulsions during 1968-69, and provide employment for about thirty people. Ambica Agarbathies Aroma & Industries Ltd., established in 1946,
11352-447: The most common, making up 77% of the total. Goods vehicles account for 12%, and auto rickshaws represent 5%. The city lacks a dedicated bus transport system and relies on APSRTC buses for intercity travel though its old and new bus stations. Auto rickshaws are the only available intermediate public transit, with 25,278 autos operating in the city. Footpaths are in poor condition and many locations lack zebra crossings. Despite urban areas in
11481-428: The north, West Godavari district & Konnasemma District on the south. The Godavari River separates East Godavari district on east and Tammileru River and Kolleru Lake separates it from Krishna district and NTR district on the west. The district is primarily served by the major river Godavari and three tributaries: Yerrakaluva , Tammileru , and Ramileru . Additionally, a freshwater lake flows through
11610-532: The one whom we pay homage. The word deteriorated further when it came to mean 'slaughter' or 'sacrifice'. He argues that the animals listed as sacrificial victims are just as symbolic as the list of human victims listed in the Purushamedha (which is generally accepted as a purely symbolic sacrifice already in Rigvedic times). Gayatri Pariwar since 1991 has organized performances of a "modern version" of
11739-790: The outbreak. The team collected biological samples, including blood and urine, from 112 participants, comprising 103 cases (77 active cases and 26 recovered) and 9 controls. Water and food samples were also gathered to identify potential sources of contamination. Analysis revealed that Triazofos , an organophosphate pesticide, was present in 74% of blood samples and its metabolites in 98% of urine samples from affected individuals. Heavy metals, including lead and mercury, were within permissible limits, and no mycotoxins were detected in food samples. While municipal water sources were free of pesticides, household water contained Triazofos at an average concentration of 1.00 μg/L. The investigation concluded that Triazofos pesticide contamination in household drinking water
11868-465: The priests. In the evening after the Dhṛtihoma, two Brahmin and two Kshatriya bards and lutists would praise the patron king's generosity, who gave 4,000 cows and 400 gold coins to the priests on the first day of the sacrifice. Then a session of pariplavākhyāna took place. The pariplāvana was the cyclical recitation of tales, in which one out of ten topics would be discussed each night, with 36 cycles of
11997-476: The private sector, and 55% of trained nurses and paramedics are employed privately. In June 1914, Eluru established its first veterinary dispensary. By the end of 1968, the district's network included one veterinary hospital in Eluru, along with twenty-three primary veterinary dispensaries and thirteen rural veterinary dispensaries in the region. A clinical laboratory was also set up at the Eluru hospital to enhance veterinary services. Eluru (Assembly constituency)
12126-604: The protection of the Chola empire until 1189 AD, when the kingdom succumbed to the Hoysalas . They had their capital originally at Vengi, now Pedavegi , near Eluru and was later changed to Rajamahendravaram (Rajahmundry). After the defeat and capture of Prataparudra II in 1323 AD, the annexation of the region from Nellore to Rajahmundry, including Eluru. A Persian inscription from the same year by Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
12255-609: The provinces of Kondapalle, Eluru, Rajahmundry, and Chicacole to the French East India Company as a means to maintain their military forces. In the mid-18th century, the power struggle between the French and British East India Companies significantly impacted the region around Eluru. By December 1758, during the Carnatic wars , British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Forde began a series of military operations in
12384-598: The provision of troops. Hasan Ali Khan's administration ended with the expiration of his lease in 1769, and Eluru, along with Rajahmundry and Kondapalle , was placed under the direct control of the British, managed by the Chief and Council at Machilipatnam. This agreement was part of a broader strategy by the British to secure their interests in the region and stabilize their position against other regional powers. In AD 1785, disputes over estate management, including Eluru, led to unrest. During this period, Eluru's revenue management
12513-463: The purificatory bathing. Afterwards twenty-one sterile cows are sacrificed, and the dakshina was distributed to the priests. The main dakshina forms either the four wives of the king or their four hundred attendants. The Laws of Manu refer to the Ashvamedha (V.53): "The man who offers a horse-sacrifice every day for a hundred years, and the man who does not eat meat, the two of them reap the same fruit of good deeds." The best-known text describing
12642-427: The region, ensuring coordinated growth and improved infrastructure. Law and order in Eluru is maintained with the help of eight police stations , which includes one woman and one traffic police station. These are under the jurisdiction of the 'Additional Judicial First Class Magistrate'. The District Headquarters Hospital in Eluru, the oldest medical facility in the city, started as a dispensary around 1858. It became
12771-757: The renewal of the factory's lease was secured, including for Eluru. The President of Fort St. George informed the Governors of Eluru and other factories about the reconciliation with the Mughals. Due to threats from local bandits, the Company requested permission to fortify the Vizagapatam factory, which Nawab Asad Khan granted in April 1689. In 1724, the region was integrated into the Nizam of Hyderabad's dominion. In 1748 AD, Nizam-ul-Mulk passed away, leading to
12900-497: The return of the sanads and the restoration of the territory, he appointed Buddea Jemah Khan as the new fauzdar in 1763. However, Jemah Khan struggled to maintain authority after the withdrawal of British troops and was forced to take refuge in the fort of Eluru when the Raja of Vizianagaram captured Rajahmundry. By 1766, a treaty was concluded where the British agreed to hold the Northern Circars, including Eluru, on payment of tribute and
13029-687: The rise of the Eastern Chalukyan power in 624 AD. Eastern Chalukyas, or Chalukyas of Vengi, were a dynasty of South India whose kingdom was in the present day Andhra Pradesh. Their capital was Vengi near Eluru and their dynasty lasted around 500 years from the seventh century until 1130 AD, when the Vengi kingdom merged with the Chola empire . The Vengi kingdom continued to be ruled by the Eastern Chalukyas (Eastern Chalukyan kings) under
13158-486: The ritual offended the Dalit reformer and framer of the Indian constitution B. R. Ambedkar and is frequently mentioned in his writings as an example of the perceived degradation of Brahmanical culture. Scholar Manohar L. Varadpande, praised the ritual as "social occasions of great magnitude". Rick F. Talbott writes that " Mircea Eliade treated the Ashvamedha as a rite having a cosmogonic structure which both regenerated
13287-499: The sacrifice is the Ashvamedhika Parva ( Sanskrit : अश्वमेध पर्व ), or the "Book of Horse Sacrifice," the fourteenth of eighteen books of the Indian epic poem Mahabharata . Krishna and Vyasa advise King Yudhishthira to perform the sacrifice, which is described at great length. The book traditionally comprises two sections and 96 chapters. The critical edition has one sub-book and 92 chapters. Balakanda ,
13416-589: The sea level. It is located on the Eastern coastal plains , approximately midway between the Krishnaand Godavari rivers and about 50 kilometers inland from the Bay of Bengal. The city's geography is notably shaped by its proximity to several significant water bodies. The Tammileru River flows through Eluru and ultimately empties into Kolleru Lake, a large freshwater lake situated near the city. Kolleru Lake
13545-477: The shore of Bay of Bengal. It has an average annual temperature of 28.2 °C (82.8 °F). May is the hottest and December is the coolest month of the year. Temperature crosses 40 °C (104 °F) in summer. July receives most precipitation and annually the city receives an average rainfall of 992 mm (39.1 in). Eluru has been ranked 20th best "National Clean Air City" under (Category 3 population under 3 lakhs cities) in India. In August 2019,
13674-405: The sovereignty over neighbouring provinces, seeking progeny and general prosperity of the kingdom. It was enormously expensive, requiring the participation of hundreds of individuals, many with specialized skills, and hundreds of animals, and involving many precisely prescribed rituals at every stage. The horse to be sacrificed must be a white stallion with black spots. The preparations included
13803-403: The stallion from mating with any mares during its journey, and if he did, an oblation of milk was performed to Vāyu . If the horse became ill with injury, an oblation of pap to Pūṣan . If he became ill without injury, then an oblation of cake to Agni Vaiśvānara . If he was afflicted with eye disease, an oblation to Sūrya . If the horse drowned, an oblation was performed to Varuṇa . If the horse
13932-430: The ten topics. The tales were witnessed by an audience of onlookers called the upadrāṣṭṛ, who attended in their free time. After the return of the horse, more ceremonies were performed for a month before the main sacrifice. Twelve days of dīkṣā rites took place, and then twelve days of upasad. The dīkṣā rite was a preparatory consecration rite performed before sacrifices. It consisted of a preliminary oblation, and then
14061-482: The town, shaping its modern identity. The city came into headlines after the outbreak in 2020 , which was a significant event that drew national attention. The incident involved a mysterious illness that affected hundreds of people, leading to widespread concern and a major public health response. It is situated in the Krishna River Delta region , and is known for its fertile agricultural lands. The city
14190-464: The twenty-fifth day, the agniṣṭoma was performed. The agniṣṭoma was the main part of the Soma sacrifice. In the morning pressing, the soma was pressed out and offered along with "rice cakes, parched barley, flour in sour milk, parched rice, and a hot mixture of milk and sour milk". During the pressings and oblations, five musical chants were sung and five recitations were chanted. The priests then partook in
14319-423: The twenty-sixth day, the king was ritually purified, and the horse was yoked to a gilded chariot , together with three other horses, and Rigveda (RV) 1.6.1,2 (YajurVeda (YV) VSM 23.5,6) was recited. The horse was then driven into water and bathed. After this, it was anointed with ghee by the chief queen and two other royal consorts. The chief queen (mahiṣī) anointed the fore-quarters, the favorite wife (vāvātā)
14448-502: The upliftment of untouchables, marked a period of significant social and political change in the region. His influence helped galvanize local leaders and activists, contributing to the broader Dalit movement in Andhra Pradesh. On December 4, 2020, Eluru experienced an outbreak of neurological symptoms, including seizures and loss of consciousness. Within three days, approximately 500 people were affected. Multidisciplinary teams from WHO and AIIMS, Mangalagiri were dispatched to investigate
14577-400: The various folk religions of India. Brahminical Hinduism had evolved opposing animal sacrifices , which have not been the norm in most forms of Hinduism for many centuries. The great prestige and political role of the Ashvamedha perhaps kept it alive for longer. The Ashvamedha could only be conducted by a powerful victorious king ( rājā ). Its object was the acquisition of power and glory,
14706-411: The well-known formulae of the pandits, jarphari, turphari, etc. and all the obscene rites for the queen commanded in Ashvamedha, these were invented by buffoons, and so all the various kinds of presents to the priests, while the eating of flesh was similarly commanded by night-prowling demons." According to some writers, ashvamedha is a forbidden rite for Kali Yuga , the current age. This part of
14835-535: The zamindar eventually settled his debts faithfully. In AD 1791, following the death of Tirapati Raju and an insurrection led by Jagga Raju, the Mogalthuru zamindari, including Eluru, was annexed to the Company's dominions and leased out. The renters, Bhupayya and Venkatarama Raju, failed to meet their obligations and fled, leading to further disturbances. In AD 1794, the Masulipatnam district, including Eluru,
14964-482: Was 350,000. Hindus are in the majority, and are present throughout the city. There are also Christian, Sikh and Jain communities. According to the 2011 census, the religious make-up of Greater Hyderabad was: Hindus (89.51%), Muslims (7.02%), Christians (2.74%), and others (0.72%). Eluru Municipal Corporation is the civic body of Eluru. It was first constituted as a municipality in 1866. Ramachandraraopet (R.R.Pet) and Narasimharaopet (N.R.Pet) came into existence following
15093-432: Was a horse sacrifice ritual followed by the Śrauta tradition of Vedic religion . It was used by ancient Indian kings to prove their imperial sovereignty: a horse accompanied by the king's warriors would be released to wander for a year. In the territory traversed by the horse, any rival could dispute the king's authority by challenging the warriors accompanying it. After one year, if no enemy had managed to kill or capture
15222-530: Was a part of Machilipatnam district after the division of the Northern Circars. In 1859, it was included in the Godavari District ; later, it was made a part of the Krishna district. During British rule, Rajahmundry was the headquarters of the Godavari district, which was further bifurcated into East Godavari and West Godavari districts in 1925. When the Godavari district was divided, Eluru became
15351-406: Was also called Erla Uru before being renamed Ellore by the British. To avoid confusion with Vellore , which had a similar pronunciation during the Nizam rule, Ellore was referred to as Uppu Ellore (i.e. Salt Ellore), while Vellore was called Ra Vellore or Raya Vellore . The history of Eluru dates back to the second century CE and has great prominence in the history of Andhra. Vengi near Eluru
15480-455: Was attached to the tail. A cow about to give birth was dedicated to Indra, and a dwarfish cow was dedicated to Viṣṇu . A great number of animals, both tame and wild, were tied to other stakes, according to one commentator, 609 in total. The sacrificer offered the horse the remains of the night's oblation of grain. The horse was then suffocated to death. The chief queen ritually called on the king's fellow wives for pity. The queens walked around
15609-442: Was exacerbated by the fact that Eluru, despite constituting only 5.5% of the district's population, reported over 40% of the district's COVID-19 cases, with 7,000 cases in the town, including 6,000 from its slums, which were particularly vulnerable. The economic strain led many workers from the unorganised sector to turn to reselling liquor, purchased from reopened wine shops, to cope with income loss and mounting loan interests. Despite
15738-548: Was formed in June 1934. The main goal, as articulated by N. G. Ranga , was "to convert the Congress to socialism" and to expand the party's influence throughout Andhra. Branches were established in Eluru, Guntur , Gudivada , and Bezawada. Initially, the party focused on organizing conferences, holding meetings for socialist propaganda, and hosting tours by national leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Jawaharlal Nehru . Members of
15867-471: Was historically known as Helapuri. As of 2011 Census of India , the city had a population of 214,414, reflecting its status as a major urban centre. The city's historical significance dates back to the second century CE, with evidence of its ancient roots found in various archaeological sites and historical records. Eluru was a prominent town under the rule of the Qutub Shahis , who governed the region in
15996-405: Was intertwined with neighboring estates such as Polavaram , Gutala and Kothapalle. The early history of the zamindari of Eluru is not well-documented. By AD 1786, Tirapati Raju, the zamindar of Mogalthur who owns Eluru, fell behind on payments, which led to the estate being taken over by the Company. Revell was appointed to oversee the estate with assistance from Bhupayya, the zamindar's diwan, and
16125-426: Was lost, an oblation of cake, potsherd, and three other dishes to the deities of heaven and earth, along with an oblation of milk to Vāyu and pap to Sūrya. If the horse died, then another was selected and consecrated to replace it. During the absence of the horse, an uninterrupted series of ceremonies was performed in the sacrificer's home. Every day, three Sāvitreṣṭi rites and one evening Dhṛtihoma would be conducted by
16254-572: Was reorganized into three collectorates with headquarters at Mogalthuru, Cocanada, and Rajahmundry ,with Eluru under Rajahmundry's jurisdiction. During British rule , Eluru was a military station and the capital city of Northern Circars, a division of the Madras Presidency. In the Madras Presidency, the District of Rajahmundry was created in 1823. It was reorganized in 1859 and was bifurcated into Godavari and Machilipatnam districts. Eluru
16383-493: Was significant for Eluru's Dalit community. His speeches inspired local untouchables, leading to increased self-consciousness and activism. Ambedkar's visit was well-received, and he was presented with Welcome Addresses by various local associations, including the Vaisya Association, Backward Classes Association, and Prema Samajam. Ambedkar's visit to Eluru and other Andhra towns, along with the government's support for
16512-454: Was the capital of Andhra from the second century to the twelfth century, ruled by Salankayanas , Vishnukudinas, and Eastern Chalukyas . Vengi was the capital city of Andhradesa for more years than any other city in Andhra Pradesh. The Salankayanas ruled from the third to the fifth century CE, with their domain centred around the Vengi region and Eluru serving as their capital. Known as Šalaňkayana after their Gotra name, they were feudatories of
16641-564: Was the likely cause of the outbreak. Recommendations included enhanced surveillance for residual pesticides in soil, water, and food, as well as an intersectoral approach involving government and public health agencies to identify contamination sources. Promoting rational pesticide use and conducting educational programs were also advised to prevent future outbreaks. Eluru is situated at 16°42′42″N 81°06′11″E / 16.71167°N 81.10306°E / 16.71167; 81.10306 , with an average elevation of 22 m (72 ft) from
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