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74-474: The oblast borders Tatarstan in the north, Orenburg Oblast in the east, Kazakhstan ( West Kazakhstan Province ) in the south, Saratov Oblast in the southwest and Ulyanovsk Oblast in the west. It is located in 3 natural landscape zones: the forest zone (coniferous and broad-leaved forests), the basis of which is pine-oak forests, pine forests and broad-leaved forests with the participation of oak and maple. Spruce occasionally joins them. Areas of

148-471: A border territory. At the end of 2012, there are protected areas of the following categories in the Samara region: state nature reserve, national parks , biosphere reserves, protected areas of regional importance, botanical gardens , therapeutic areas. At the moment, a unique network of various protected natural areas has been formed in the Samara region. It is based on protected areas of federal significance:

222-525: A lack of participation within the census. Rosstat maintains that 99% of the population completed the census however the Levada Center estimated that around 42% of the population was not enumerated and has described the results as "one of the worst in 150 years". The pilot census was conducted from October 1 to October 31, 2018. The main purpose was the development and testing of software and methodological, organizational and technological issues of

296-752: A part of the Russian Federation, removing the "sovereignty" term. On 15 February 1994, the Treaty On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Authority between the State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan and Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan ( On Delimitation of Authority in

370-533: A prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine the Great . The first mosque to be rebuilt under Catherine's auspices was constructed in 1766–1770. In the 19th century, Tatarstan became a centre of Jadidism , an Islamic movement that preached tolerance of other religions. Under the influence of local Jadidist theologians, the Bulgars were renowned for their friendly relations with other peoples of

444-468: A remarkable succession of archaeological cultures from 7000 BC to 4000 BC. These sites have revealed Europe's earliest pottery ( Elshanka culture ), the world's oldest horse burial and signs of horse worship (the Syezzheye cemetery of Samara culture ) and the earliest kurgans associated with Proto-Indo-Europeans (e.g., Krivoluchye assigned to Khvalynsk culture ). The Russian Empire established

518-548: A small minority known as Keräşen Tatars are Orthodox Christians , some of whom regard themselves as being distinct from other Tatars even though most Keräşen dialects differ only slightly from the Central Dialect of the Tatar language. There is a fair degree of speculation as to the early origins of the different groups of Tatars, but most Tatars no longer view religious identity as being as important as it once was, and

592-516: Is oil . Tatarstan produces 32 million tonnes of crude oil per year and has estimated oil reserves of more than 1 billion tons. Industrial production constitutes 45% of the Republic's gross regional domestic product . The most developed manufacturing industries are petrochemical industry and machine building. The truck-maker KamAZ is the region's largest enterprise and employs about one-fifth of Tatarstan's workforce. Kazanorgsintez , based in Kazan,

666-419: Is 68,000 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi), occupying 0.4% of the total surface of the country. As of the 2021 Census , the population of Tatarstan was 4,004,809. Tatarstan has strong cultural, linguistic and ethnic ties with its eastern neighbour, Bashkortostan , which is also a republic of Russia. The official languages of the republic are Tatar and Russian . "Tatarstan" derives from

740-643: Is a constituent republic of the Russian Federation . Most of the Russian federal subjects are tied with the Russian federal government by the uniform Federal Treaty, but relations between the government of Tatarstan and the Russian federal government are more complex and are precisely defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan. The following passage from the Constitution defines

814-534: Is a part of the Volga Federal District ; and its capital and largest city is Kazan , an important cultural centre in Russia. The region's main source of wealth is oil with a strong petrochemical industry. The republic borders the oblasts of Kirov , Ulyanovsk , Samara and Orenburg , as well as the republics of Mari El , Udmurtia , Chuvashia and Bashkortostan . The area of the republic

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888-485: Is an old industrial region where engineering, chemical, and light industry dominate. In the newly industrial northeast region with its core in the Naberezhnye Chelny – Nizhnekamsk agglomeration , major industries are automobile construction, the chemical industry, and power engineering. The southeast region has oil production with engineering under development. The north, central, south, and southwest parts of

962-650: Is on the border with the Republic of Tatarstan (54°41's. w. and 51°23' v. d.). The westernmost point lies on the border with the Ulyanovsk region (53°22' s. w. and 47°55' v. d.), and the extreme eastern one is on the border with the Orenburg region (54°20's. w. and 52°35' v. d.). Due to the proximity of the West Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan , part of the Bolshechnigovsky district has the status of

1036-478: Is one of Russia's largest chemical companies. Tatarstan's aviation industry produces Tu-214 passenger airplanes and helicopters. The Kazan Helicopter Plant is one of the largest helicopter manufacturers in the world. Engineering, textiles, clothing, wood processing , and food industries are also of key significance in Tatarstan. Tatarstan consists of three distinct industrial regions. The northwestern part

1110-480: Is the largest city in Russia which does not serve as the administrative center of a federal subject. Population : 3,172,925 ( 2021 Census ) ; 3,215,532 ( 2010 Census ) ; 3,239,737 ( 2002 Census ) ; 3,265,586 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.33 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 69.33 years (male — 64.62, female — 73.86) Ethnic groups : According to

1184-422: Is the second largest active religion in Tatarstan, and has been so for more than 150 years, with an estimated 1.6 million followers made up of ethnic Russians , Mordvins , Armenians , Belarusians , Mari people , Georgians , Chuvash and a number of Orthodox Tatars which together constitute 38% of the 3.8 million population of Tatarstan. On 23 August 2010, the "Orthodox monuments of Tatarstan" exhibition

1258-528: The 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia and a federal law in 2021 which abolished regional presidencies. The title of president was seen as the last remaining symbol of federalism following the centralisation reforms under Vladimir Putin . Incumbent president Rustam Minnikhanov originally was to retain the title of president until his term expires in 2025 under transitional agreements, however he became Rais in February 2024. The Republic of Tatarstan

1332-749: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation , 2 from A Just Russia - For Truth , 1 from the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia , 1 from New People . Gennady Kotelnikov (United Russia) was elected chairman of the Duma. Andrey Kislov (United Russia) was elected as the representative of the Samara provincial Duma in the Federation Council until 2026. Since September 2017, the position of Governor of Samara Oblast has been held by Dmitry Azarov . On 25 September 2017, he

1406-659: The Samara Governorate as a guberniya in the area in 1851. It was administered from the city of Samara . During the Revolution of 1905 , a rebellion took place in November that year at the village of Novaya Tsarevshchina (now Volzhsky) and spread to the village of Stary Buyan, leading to the formation of the short-lived separatist state, the Stary Buyan Republic , within the governorate. There

1480-746: The Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921–1922 as a result of the policy of war communism . The famine deaths of between 500,000 and 2 million Tatars in the Tatar ASSR and in the Volga-Ural region in 1921–1922 was catastrophic as half of the Volga Tatar population in the USSR died. Starting in the 1960s, schools opened in Tatarstan that taught Russian as an official second language , as it

1554-652: The Volga River and the Kama River (a tributary of the Volga), and extends east to the Ural Mountains . Oak is the dominant tree species on 87% of the total area, followed by aspen , linden , birch , and Scots pine . The total forest cover has decreased from 51.2% to 17.1% over the last 300 years. The Volga-Kama Nature Reserve is situated in Tatarstan. Major rivers include: Major reservoirs of

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1628-424: The 1830s. The Jews of Udmurtia and Tatarstan are subdivided by cultural and linguistic characteristics into two territorial groups: 1) Udmurt Jews (Udmurt Jewry), who lived on the territory of Udmurtia and the north of Tatarstan; 2) Tatar Jews, or Kazan Jews (Tatar Jewry or Kazan Jewry), who lived mainly in the city of Kazan and its agglomeration. In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan,

1702-517: The 2010 Census, the ethnic makeup of the oblast was: According to a 2012 survey 35% of the population of Samara Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 7% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to any church or are members of non-Russian Orthodox churches , 3% are Muslims , and 1% of the population are adherents of Rodnovery (Slavic folk religion). In addition, 30% of

1776-406: The 2020 Census, taking into account the use of new methods of collecting information. The pilot census was divided into three stages: October 1–10 — online census; October 16–27 — door-to-door rounds; October 27–31 — control walk. 10 territories were allocated for the pilot census, the total population of which was about 550,000 people. These territories include: In addition to the census through

1850-672: The Bolsheviks (who had turned on the state and denounced it as bourgeois) before the official declaration of its constitution. The Soviets later set up the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , which was established on 27 May 1920. The boundaries of the republic did not include a majority of the Volga Tatars. The Tatar Union of the Godless were persecuted in Joseph Stalin 's 1928 purges . A famine occurred in

1924-515: The Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the decision of the presidium of the parliament to rename the region, amending Art. 71 of the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978, which entered into force on May 16, 1992. On 1 August 1997 Samara Oblast signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy. This agreement would be abolished on 22 February 2002. Tolyatti

1998-428: The Government. The same questions are printed in paper questionnaires and are used in electronic tablets. All inhabited areas were visited by census takers from October 15 to November 14, 2021. They had electronic tablets where the respondents' answers were entered. Residents of Russia also were able to come to the census stations and answer the questions there; the stations also worked from October 15 to November 14. For

2072-798: The I. I. Sprygin Zhiguli State Nature Reserve (23,157 thousand hectares) and the Samarskaya Luka National Park (127,186 thousand hectares). General forest cover of the region: The Sergievsky Mineral Waters resort area operates on the basis of the Sernovodsk mineral spring. Tatarstan Tatarstan , officially the Republic of Tatarstan , sometimes also called Tataria , is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe . It

2146-563: The Internal and External Capital Markets"). Samara Oblast (or Samara Region) has several special investment sites which are built to implement new plants, industries, factories, create new jobs and increase investments in the Samara Region. In order to help Russian and foreign investors to select a site for project implementation, to provide consulting services free of charge Ministry for Economic Development, Investments and Trade of

2220-740: The Keräşen are still included in the grand total for the Tatars. Another unique ethnic group, concentrated in Tatarstan, is the Qaratay Mordvins . Tatar and Udmurt Jews are special territorial groups of the Ashkenazi Jews , which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking ( Tatars , Kryashens , Bashkirs , Chuvash people ), Finno-Ugric-speaking ( Udmurts , Mari people ) and Slavic-speaking ( Russians ) populations. The Ashkenazi Jews first appeared in Tatarstan in

2294-859: The Middle Volga Krai were renamed Kuybyshev and Kuybyshev Krai, respectively, in honor of the Bolshevik leader Valerian Kuybyshev . On December 5, 1936, Kuybyshev Krai was transformed into Kuybyshev Oblast upon the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution . On January 25, 1991 by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Kuibyshev Oblast was renamed the Samara Oblast. On April 21, 1992,

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2368-432: The Republic of Tatarstan and shall be an inalienable qualitative status of the Republic of Tatarstan." Tatarstan is one of the most economically developed regions of Russia. The republic is highly industrialised and ranks second to Samara Oblast in terms of industrial production per km . In 2021, Tatarstan's gross regional product was €40 billion, while GRP per capita was €10,000. The region's main source of wealth

2442-423: The Republic of Tatarstan). 334 collective accommodation facilities received the certificate of assignment of the category, which is 88.1% of the total number of operating. 2021 Russian census The 2021 Russian census ( Russian : Всероссийская перепись населения 2021 года , romanized :  Vserossiyskaya perepis naseleniya 2021 goda , lit.   '2021 All-Russian population census')

2516-894: The Russian Empire. However, after the October Revolution religion was largely outlawed and all theologians were repressed. During the Civil War of 1918–1920 Tatar nationalists attempted to establish an independent republic (the Idel-Ural State , Idel being the name of the Volga in Tatar) along with the neighbouring Bashkirs . Initially supported by the Bolsheviks , the state existed up until March 1918, when high-ranking members of its parliament were arrested by

2590-652: The Russian Population Census 2020". According to Pavel Malkov, head of Rosstat , the budget allocated for the 2020 census was 33 billion rubles. The motto of the census was "Create the future!". On June 25, 2020, Rosstat announced its intention to conduct the main stage of the Russian population census in April 2021, and on June 29 this was confirmed. Due to the spread of COVID-19 , the census dates were shifted several times, first to April, then to October 2021. The results have come under scrutiny due to

2664-524: The Russian faction Narodovlastie (People's Power). Some 62% of those who took part voted in favour of the constitution, with ethnic Tatars supporting it much more than Russians. In the new constitution, Tatarstan is defined as a Sovereign State. However, the referendum and constitution were declared unconstitutional by the Russian Constitutional Court . Articles 1 and 3 of the Constitution as introduced in 2002 define Tatarstan as

2738-536: The Samara Region organized a Non-Profit Unitary Organization – Fund "Investment Promotion Agency of the Samara Region". The Agency cooperates with investors on the "one-stop-shop" principle, as well as: During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Samara CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of

2812-607: The Sphere of Foreign Economic Relations ) were signed. The power-sharing agreement was renewed on 11 July 2007, though with much of the power delegated to Tatarstan reduced. On 20 December 2008, in response to Russia recognising Abkhazia and South Ossetia , the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People organisation declared Tatarstan independent and asked for United Nations recognition. However, this declaration

2886-476: The State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan , and a subject of the Russian Federation. The sovereignty of the Republic of Tatarstan shall consist in full possession of the State authority (legislative, executive and judicial) beyond the competence of the Russian Federation and powers of the Russian Federation in the sphere of shared competence of the Russian Federation and

2960-483: The State Services portal, for the first time in Russian history, the national postal operator Russian Post was involved in the census. According to the results of the 2018 pilot census, nearly 460,000 households were enumerated in electronic form with more than 1.2 million inhabitants. In August 2019, in preparation for the 2020 census, work began to update the address lists in cities and rural areas. Based on

3034-463: The Tatar-speaking community... in keeping with normative gender roles within the Tatar republic." As of 2012, Islam was the most common faith in Tatarstan, adhered to by 53.8% of the estimated 3.8 million population. Most of the remaining population is either Russian Orthodox Christian or non-religious. Established in 922, the first Muslim state within the boundaries of modern Russia

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3108-525: The Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars. The Khanate of Kazan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. A large number of Tatars were forcibly converted to Christianity and were culturally Russified . Cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593 all mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the construction of mosques,

3182-688: The armies of the Mongol prince Batu Khan in the late 1230s (see Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria ). The inhabitants, a large amount of them killed and the rest mixing with the Golden Horde 's Kipchaks , became known as the Volga Tatars . In the 1430s, the region again became independent as the base of the Khanate of Kazan , a capital having been established in Kazan , 170 km (110 mi) up

3256-438: The base of the Khanate of Kazan , a capital having been established in Kazan , 170 km up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars. The Khanate of Kazan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. Some Tatars were forcibly converted to Christianity and cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593, mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade

3330-748: The boundaries of Tatarstan was Volga Bulgaria (c. 700–1238). The Volga Bulgars had an advanced mercantile state with trade contacts throughout Inner Eurasia , the Middle East , and the Baltic , which maintained its independence despite pressure by such nations as the Khazars , the Kievan Rus , and the Cuman - Kipchaks . Islam was introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the time of Ibn Fadlan 's journey in 922. Volga Bulgaria finally fell to

3404-545: The construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine II . In 1990, there were only 100 mosques, but by 2004 this number had risen to well over 1,000. As of 1 January 2008, as many as 1,398 religious organizations were registered in Tatarstan, of which 1,055 were Muslim . In September 2010, Eid al-Fitr as well 21 May, the day the Volga Bulgars embraced Islam, were made public holidays. The Russian Orthodox Church

3478-520: The day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . Governors: The current 7th convocation was elected in September 2021 until 2026. All 50 deputies were elected from parties: 36 from United Russia , 10 from

3552-450: The economy is represented mostly by large companies as Ak Bars Holding and "Krasnyi Vostok Agro". The republic has a highly developed transport network. It mainly comprises highways, railway lines, four navigable rivers  — Volga (İdel), Kama (Çulman), Vyatka (Noqrat) and Belaya (Ağidel), and oil pipelines and airlines. The territory of Tatarstan is crossed by the main gas pipelines carrying natural gas from Urengoy and Yamburg to

3626-442: The first time, there was an opportunity to fill the census form on the portal of public services ( Gosuslugi ) until November 8. The term for summing up the preliminary results is April 2022. The final results of the census are projected to be published in the 4th quarter of 2022. Provisional results of the census have been published by Rosstat with further results announced for publication in June–December 2022.  — including

3700-452: The list of which is established by the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan . The districts consist of cities of district significance, urban-type settlements and rural settlements with subordinate territories that make up the primary level in the system of administrative-territorial structure of the Republic. Cities of national significance can be geographically divided into districts in the city. The earliest known organised state within

3774-412: The middle reaches of the Volga , on both sides of it. This is the fifth largest region of the Volga region — it occupies an area of 53.6 thousand km2, which is 0.31% of the territory of Russia. The region stretches from north to south for 335 km, and from west to east for 315 km. The southernmost point of the region lies on the border with Kazakhstan (51°47' s. w. and 50°47' v. d.), the northernmost point

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3848-440: The name of the ethnic group—the Tatars —and the Persian suffix -stan (meaning "state" or "country" of, an ending common to many Eurasian countries). Another version of the Russian name is " Татария " ( Tataria ), which was official along with " Tatar ASSR " during Soviet rule. The republic is located in the centre of the East European Plain , approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) east of Moscow . It lies between

3922-412: The oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). After the abolition of Article 6 of the Constitution of the USSR in March 1990, the CPSU lost its monopoly on power. The head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Samara Oblast is the fundamental law of

3996-510: The oblast. The Legislative Assembly of Samara Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run

4070-436: The parties and fifty for deputies from the republic's localities. The Chairman of the State Council is Farit Mukhametshin , who has served since 27 May 1998. The government is the Сabinet of Ministers. The prime minister of the Republic of Tatarstan is Alexei Pesoshin. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, the Rais can be elected only by the people of Tatarstan, but due to Russian federal law, this law

4144-418: The population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 13% is atheist , and a further 10% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. In 1997, Samara Oblast became one of the few federal subjects to receive the approval of the President of Russia to implement external bonded loans (Presidential decree No. 1212, dated 12.10.1997 "On Creating Conditions to Conduct Loans Operations on

4218-401: The religious and linguistic subgroups have intermingled considerably. Nevertheless, despite many decades of assimilation and intermingling, some Keräşen demanded and were awarded the option of being specifically enumerated in 2002. This has provoked great controversy, however, as many intellectuals have sought to portray the Tatars as homogeneous and indivisible. Although listed separately below,

4292-451: The republic are rural regions. The republic has huge water resources—the annual flow of rivers of the Republic exceeds 240 billion m (8.5 trillion cu ft). Soils are very diverse, the best fertile soils covering one-third of the territory. Due to the high development of agriculture in Tatarstan (it contributes 5.1% of the total revenue of the republic), forests occupy only 16% of its territory. The agricultural sector of

4366-512: The republic include: The biggest lake is Kaban . The biggest swamp is Kulyagash . The major natural resources of Tatarstan include oil , natural gas and gypsum . It is estimated that the republic has over one billion tons of oil deposits. Tatarstan's administrative and territorial divisions form 43 municipal districts and 2 urban districts (Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny), as well as 39 urban settlements and 872 rural settlements. The republic also recognises cities of republican significance,

4440-445: The republic's status without contradicting the Constitution of the Russian Federation: "The Republic of Tatarstan is a democratic constitutional State associated with the Russian Federation by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Powers between

4514-430: The southern taiga are found on the coast of the region. The forest-steppe zone occupies the central regions of the region and is represented by a combination of areas of broad-leaved forests, most often oak and meadow steppes. Red deer , roe deer , elk , and sometimes bears are found in these forests. The south of the region is occupied by steppes consisting of typchak and sagebrush . The Samara region contains

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4588-457: The tourism sector is 17.0%. At the end of 2016, on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan there were 104 tour operators, of which 32 dealt in domestic tourism, 65 in domestic and inbound tourism, 1 in domestic and outbound tourism, and 6 in all three. As of 1 January 2017, 404 collective accommodation facilities (CSR) operate in the Republic of Tatarstan; 379 CSR are subject to classification (183 in Kazan, 196 in other municipalities of

4662-583: The two state languages of the republic are Tatar and Russian . According to the 2002 Russian Federal Law ( On Languages of Peoples of the Russian Federation ), the official script is Cyrillic . Linguistic anthropologist Dr. Suzanne Wertheim notes that "some men signal ideological devotion to the Tatar cause by refusing to accommodate to Russian-dominant public space or Russian speakers", whilst women, in promoting "the Tatar state and Tatar national culture, index their pro-Tatar ideological stances more diplomatically, and with linguistic practices situated only within

4736-404: The west and the major oil pipelines supplying oil to various cities in the European part of Russia. There are three UNESCO world heritage sites in Tatarstan— Kazan Kremlin , Bulgarian State Museum-Reserve, and Assumption Cathedral and Monastery of the town-island of Sviyazhsk. The annual growth rate of tourist flow to the republic is on average 13.5%; the growth rate of the volume of services in

4810-489: The work of the registrars, the exact number of houses in each city and their location were determined. Later, Rosstat specialists conducted zoning to form enumeration and census areas. So, thanks to the registrars, a previously not documented village of Yozhikovo was "discovered" in Ruzsky District and two new ones in Udmurtia : Rodniki and Kurtekovo; in Kaluga Oblast more than 35,000 new addresses were recorded. The census forms of standard "L", "P" and "V" were approved by

4884-409: Was Volga Bulgaria from which the Tatars inherited Islam . Islam was introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the time of Ibn Fadlan 's journey in 922. Islam's long presence in Russia also extends at least as far back as the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan in 1552, which brought the Tatars and Bashkirs on the Middle Volga into Russia. In the 1430s, the region became independent as

4958-411: Was appointed acting governor by President Putin after the early resignation of Nikolay Merkushkin , and on 9 September 2018, he was elected by the United Russia party in early elections . Farit Mukhametshin has been appointed representative in the Federation Council of the Government of the Samara Region until 2023. The region is located in the southeastern part of the European territory of Russia, in

5032-422: Was contrary to the spirit of the decree. During the Russian Civil War , the region was heavily affected by the Russian famine of 1921–1922 . Under Soviet rule most of the governorate's territory was transformed into the Middle Volga Oblast, which was established on May 14, 1928, and a year later on October 20, 1929, it was again transformed into Middle Volga Krai. On January 27, 1935, Samara and

5106-423: Was held in Kazan by the Tatarstan Ministry of Culture and the Kazan Eparchy. At all public events, an Orthodox Priest is called upon along with an Islamic Mufti . The Muslim Religious Board of Tatarstan frequently organizes activities, like the ' Islamic graffiti Contest' which was held on 20 November 2011. Tatarstan's unicameral State Council consists of 100 seats: fifty for representatives of

5180-737: Was ignored both by the United Nations and the Russian government . On 24 July 2017, the autonomy agreement signed in 1994 between Moscow and Kazan expired, making Tatarstan the last republic of Russia to lose its special status. Population : 4,004,809 ( 2021 Census ) ; 3,786,488 ( 2010 Census ) ; 3,779,265 ( 2002 Census ) ; 3,637,809 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Note: TFR source. There are about 2 million ethnic Tatars and 1.5 million ethnic Russians in Tatarstan, along with significant numbers of Chuvash , Mari , and Udmurts , some of whom are Tatar -speaking. The Ukrainian , Mordvin , and Bashkir minorities are also significant. Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims , but

5254-529: Was little local opposition to the new state, and after the failure of local police to end the rebellion, it was successfully suppressed by a punitive expedition of Cossacks and gendarmes led by the vice-governor of the governorate in Samara. After the decree of Tsar Nicholas II on religious tolerance the Old Believers were forced to pay taxes in favour to the Orthodox Church that they believed to be heretical. The then Ministry of Interior forbade Samara's public officials to prosecute in this practice, which

5328-752: Was necessary in order to individually advance in the broader Soviet society. By the 1980s, few schools still taught the Tatar language . On 30 August 1990, Tatarstan declared its sovereignty with the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic and in 1992 Tatarstan held a referendum on the new constitution, promoted by Tatarstan's President Shaymiyev and supervised by Helsinki Commission staff. Parliament opposition revolved around

5402-481: Was suspended for an indefinite term. The Russian law on the election of governors says they should be elected by regional parliaments and that the candidate for Rais can be presented only by the president of Russia . In December 2022, regional lawmakers voted to change the title of the head of the republic from president to rais (an Arabic title for "leader"); lawmakers were expected to adopt new amendments to Tatarstan's constitution so that it would be in line with

5476-471: Was the first census of the Russian Federation population since 2010 and the third after the dissolution of the Soviet Union . It took place between October 15 and November 14. However, for the remote and inaccessible areas of Russia, the census took place between April 1 and December 20. The preparations for the census started in 2017 with the adoption of the government decree "On the conduct of

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