Misplaced Pages

#727272

83-673: The Jeunesses Musicales World Orchestra has had its headquarters in Valencia, Spain since 2005, when maestro Josep Vicent became its Artistic Director and Principal Conductor. It is composed of 100 musicians from 40 countries and it has toured in China , The Netherlands , Spain , Austria , Cyprus and Germany . In Summer 2008 it travelled to Canada where maestro Franz Paul Decker conducted. The World Orchestra started this new period in Valencia showing its artistic project to China to mark

166-568: A Doctor of Music in 1984. From 1979 he taught on the music faculty of the Université de Montréal ; among his students were composers Simon Bertrand , Analia Llugdar , Samy Moussa and Ana Sokolovic . He installed a workshop of Balinese Gamelan music at the university. He held the teaching position until 2009. Evangelista was active in Canada with the Traditions musicales du monde ,

249-468: A pogrom . Genoese traders promoted the expansion of the cultivation of white mulberry in the area by the late 14th century, and later introduced innovative silk manufacturing techniques. The city became a centre of mulberry production and was, at least for a time, a major silk-making centre. The Genoese community in Valencia—merchants, artisans and workers—became, along with Seville's, one of

332-532: A semi-arid climate ( Köppen : BSh ) with mild winters and hot, dry summers. According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Valencia has a subtropical climate. The average annual temperature of Valencia is 18.6 °C (65.5 °F); 23 °C (73 °F) during the day and 14.2 °C (57.6 °F) at night. In the coldest month, January, the maximum daily temperature typically ranges from 15 to 20 °C (59 to 68 °F),

415-579: A Murcia-centered independent emirate to which Valencia belonged, resisting the Almohads until 1172. During the Almohad rule, the city perhaps had a population of about 20,000. When the city fell to James I of Aragon , the Jewish population constituted about 7 per cent of the total population. In 1238, King James I of Aragon, with an army composed of Aragonese , Catalans , Navarrese, and crusaders from

498-596: A concert society dedicated to promoting non-Western music which he helped found. He developed an interest in the music and culture of Southeast Asia, and a number of his compositions reflect that interest. To pursue studies in this music, he lived in Indonesia during the summers of 1976 and 1980 and in Burma during the summer of 1986 where he studied the Javanese gamelan and Burmese piano. He was made composer-in-residence at

581-592: A day) to 308 in July (average around 10 hours of sunshine duration a day). The average temperature of the sea is 14–15 °C (57–59 °F) in winter and 25–26 °C (77–79 °F) in summer. Average annual relative humidity is around 66%. The third largest city in Spain and the 24th most populous municipality in the European Union , Valencia had a population of 809,267 within its administrative limits on

664-629: A handful of English cavalrymen into the city after riding south from Barcelona, captured the nearby fortress at Sagunt , and bluffed the Spanish Bourbon army into withdrawal. The English held the city for 16 months and defeated several attempts to expel them. After the victory of the Bourbons at the Battle of Almansa on 25 April 1707, the English army evacuated Valencia and Philip V ordered

747-481: A land area of 134.6 km (52 sq mi) in 2009. The urban area of Valencia extending beyond the administrative city limits has a population of between 1,564,145 and 1,595,000. According to the Valencia city hall and Spanish Ministry of Development , the metropolis within the Horta of Valencia has a population of 1,567,118 in an area of 628.81 km (242.78 sq mi). From 2001 to 2011, there

830-702: A satellite of the Taifa of Toledo , and following the fall of the latter in 1085, a protectorate of " El Cid ". A revolt erupted in 1092, handing the city to the Almoravids and forcing El Cid to take the city by force in 1094, henceforth establishing his own principality . Following the evacuation of the city in 1102, the Almoravids took control. As the Almoravid empire crumbled in the mid 12th-century, ibn Mardanīsh took control of eastern al-Andalus, creating

913-607: Is the Holy Grail . Valencia was selected in 2003 to host the historic America's Cup yacht race, the first European city ever to do so. The 2007 America's Cup matches took place from April to July. On 3 July 2007, Alinghi defeated Team New Zealand to retain the America's Cup. Twenty-two days later, on 25 July 2007, the leaders of the Alinghi syndicate, holder of the America's Cup, officially announced that Valencia would be

SECTION 10

#1732801647728

996-614: Is the capital of the province and autonomous community of the same name in Spain. It is the third-most populated municipality in the country, with 807,693 inhabitants within the commune, 1,582,387 inhabitants within the urban area and 2,522,383 inhabitants within the metropolitan region. It is located on the banks of the Turia , on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula on the Mediterranean Sea . Valencia

1079-792: The Akademi Musik Indonesia in Yogyakarta in 1986. In 1993 and 1994, he was composer-in-residence with the Montreal Symphony Orchestra . Evangelista died on 10 January 2023, at age 79. In 1974 Evangelista was awarded first prize in the Confederación Espanola de Cajas de Ahorros Contest in Madrid for his En guise de fête . In 1978 he helped found Les Événements du neuf , a concert society dedicated to avant-garde music . In 1982 he

1162-611: The Constitution of 1812 and dissolved the two chambers of the Spanish Parliament on 10 May. Thus began six years (1814–1820) of absolutist rule, but the constitution was reinstated during the Trienio Liberal , a period of three years of liberal government in Spain from 1820 to 1823. On King Ferdinand VII's death in 1833, Baldomero Espartero became one of the most ardent defenders of the hereditary rights of

1245-611: The Estació del Nord and the Central and Columbus markets. World War I (1914–1918) greatly affected the Valencian economy, causing the collapse of its citrus exports. The Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939) opened the way for democratic participation and the increased politicisation of citizens, especially in response to the rise of Conservative Front power in 1933. The inevitable march toward civil war and combat in Madrid resulted in

1328-480: The Mediterranean Sea and the Foehn phenomenon, locally known as ponentà . The January average is comparable to temperatures expected for May and September in the major cities of northern Europe. The maximum of precipitation occurs in autumn , coinciding with the time of the year when cold drop ( gota fría ) episodes of heavy rainfall—associated to cut-off low pressure systems at high altitude — are common along

1411-672: The Mediterranean Sea . The city is ranked as a Gamma-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Its historic centre is one of the largest in Spain, spanning approximately 169 hectares (420 acres). Due to its long history, Valencia has numerous celebrations and traditions, such as the Falles (or Fallas ), which was declared a Fiesta of National Tourist Interest of Spain in 1965 and an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in November 2016. In 2022,

1494-512: The Order of Calatrava , laid siege to Valencia and on 28 September obtained a surrender. Fifty thousand Moors were forced to leave. The city endured serious troubles in the mid-14th century, including the decimation of the population by the Black Death of 1348 and subsequent years of epidemics—as well as a series of wars and riots that followed. In 1391, the Jewish quarter was destroyed in

1577-418: The Taifa of Valencia . It was initially controlled by eunuchs , and then, after 1021, by Abd al-Azîz (a grandson of Almanzor ). Valencia experienced notable urban development in this period. Many Jews lived in Valencia, including the accomplished Jewish poet Solomon ibn Gabirol , who spent his last years in the city. After a damaging offensive by Castilian–Leonese forces towards 1065, the territory became

1660-570: The University of Valencia where he studied computer science for seven years and earned a degree in that subject in 1967. At the same time he pursued music courses at the Valencia Conservatory and earned a premier prix in music composition there in 1967. His most influential teacher at that school was Vicente Asencio who taught harmony , composition, and orchestration . In 1969 Evangelista moved to Canada and settled in

1743-598: The far right managing to impose a non-standard acute accent in the e of the Valencian-language name. Valencia is one of the oldest cities in Spain, founded in the Roman period c.  138 BC under the name Valentia Edetanorum . A few centuries later, with the power vacuum left by the demise of the Roman imperial administration, the Catholic Church assumed power in the city, coinciding with

SECTION 20

#1732801647728

1826-702: The "Old City" (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability, and tourism is continually increasing. On 3 July 2006, a major mass transit disaster, the Valencia Metro derailment , left 43 dead and 47 wounded. Days later, on 9 July, the World Day of Families, during Mass at Valencia's Cathedral, Our Lady of the Forsaken Basilica, Pope Benedict XVI used the Sant Calze , a 1st-century Middle-Eastern artifact that some Catholics believe

1909-652: The 15th century, second only to Lisbon in the West, prompting a Lisbon– Seville –Valencia axis by the second half of the century powered by the incipient Portuguese slave trade originating in West Africa . By the end of the 15th century Valencia was one of the largest European cities, being the most populated city in the Hispanic Monarchy and second to Lisbon in the Iberian Peninsula. Following

1992-660: The 16th century, the city's economic activity experienced a crisis upon the expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609. The city became a major silk manufacturing centre in the 18th century. During the Spanish Civil War , the city served as the accidental seat of the Spanish Government from 1936 to 1937. The Port of Valencia is the 4th-busiest container port in Europe and the second busiest container port on

2075-858: The 60th anniversary of the signing of peace between China and Japan. The Netherlands and Austria were next. The orchestra came back in the Winter of 2007 to the Kurhaus (Scheveningen) , the place where The World Orchestra was born. It has played in Cyprus and Germany (its previous administrative home) in the Winter of 2007 to perform in the Berlin Philharmonie . The World Orchestra has made performances in Spain. Apart from symphonic concerts in numerous concert halls as El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía in Valencia, Palau de la Música of Valencia, Teatro Monumental of Madrid or GREC Festival of Barcelona ,

2158-594: The Catholic League or the reformulation of Valencian Carlism , and Valencianism did similarly with organizations such as Valencia Nova or the Unió Valencianista. In the early 20th century, Valencia was an industrialised city. The silk industry had disappeared, but there was a large production of hides and skins, wood, metals, and foodstuffs, the latter with substantial exports, particularly of wine and citrus. Small businesses predominated, but with

2241-668: The Citadel, the Supreme Junta government took over, and on 26–28 June, Napoleon's Marshal Moncey attacked the city with a column of 9,000 French imperial troops in the First Battle of Valencia. He failed to take the city in two assaults and retreated to Madrid. Marshal Suchet began a long siege of the city in October 1811, and after intense bombardment forced it to surrender on 8 January 1812. After Valencian capitulation,

2324-541: The Francoist air force with Nazi German support. By the end of the war, the city had survived 442 bombardments, leaving 2,831 dead and 847 wounded, although it is estimated that the death toll was higher. The Republican government moved to Barcelona on 31 October of that year. On 30 March 1939, Valencia surrendered and Nationalist Spanish troops entered the city. The postwar years were a time of hardship for Valencians. During Franco's regime, speaking or teaching Valencian

2407-575: The French instituted reforms in Valencia, which became the capital of Spain when the Bonapartist pretender to the throne, José I ( Joseph Bonaparte , Napoleon's elder brother), moved the Court there in the middle of 1812. The disaster of the Battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813 obliged Suchet to quit Valencia, and the French troops withdrew in July. Ferdinand VII became king after the victorious end of

2490-585: The Iberian Mediterranean. The Berber threat—initially with Ottoman support—generated great insecurity on the coast, and it would not be substantially reduced until the 1580s. The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the 1609 expulsion of the Moriscos , descendants of the Muslim population that had converted to Christianity. The Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave

2573-660: The Peninsular War, which freed Spain from Napoleonic domination. When he returned on 24 March 1814 from exile in France, the Cortes requested that he respect the liberal Constitution of 1812, which significantly limited royal powers. Ferdinand refused and went to Valencia instead of Madrid. Here, on 17 April, General Elio invited the King to reclaim his absolute rights and put his troops at the King's disposition. The king abolished

Jeunesses Musicales World Orchestra - Misplaced Pages Continue

2656-637: The Roman practice of recognising the valour of former Roman soldiers after a war. The Roman historian Livy explains that the founding of Valentia in the 2nd century BC was due to the settling of the Roman soldiers who fought against a Lusitanian rebel, Viriatus , during the Third Raid of the Lusitanian War . During the period of Islamic rule, the city had the title Medina at-Tarab ('City of Joy') according to one transliteration, or Medina at-Turab ('City of Sands') according to another, since it

2739-452: The U.K., Japan, the U.S. and Switzerland under such outstanding masters as Zubin Mehta , Leonard Bernstein , Michael Tilson Thomas and Serge Baudo . In the 1980s, Walter Weller, Hiroyuki Iwaki, Eduardo Mata, Jeffrey Tate, Vernon Handley, Charles Dutoit and Michel Tabachnik among many others directed the orchestra. That period saw the orchestra travelling to Germany, Hungary, France, Spain,

2822-720: The U.S., Canada, Japan, South Korea, Poland, Austria, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Uruguay and Argentina. In the 1990s, the World Orchestra was to be seen in Germany, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Russia, Estonia, Sweden, Latvia, Finland, Norway, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, France, the Philippines, Malaysia, South Korea, Switzerland, and Israel. In those years the baton was held by Kurt Masur, Franz-Paul Decker, Antonio Pappano, En Shao, Yuri Temirkanov and Kent Nagano and well known soloists as Bobby McFerrin or Yehudi Menuhin joined

2905-551: The Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (Museo Valenciano de la Ilustracion y la Modernidad) , and the Institute of Modern Art (Institut Valencià d'Art Modern) . The various productions of Santiago Calatrava , a renowned structural engineer, architect, and sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela have contributed to Valencia's international reputation. These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of

2988-568: The Western mediterranean coast. The year-on-year variability in precipitation may be, however, considerable, as exemplified by large floods in 1957 and 2024 , which both occurred in the month of October. Snowfall almost does not occur at all; the most recent occasion snow accumulated on the ground was on 11 January 1960. Valencia, on average, has around 2,733 sunshine hours per year, from 152 in December (average of 5 hours of sunshine duration

3071-413: The baton of Josep Vicent included pieces by Tchaikovsky , Markevitch, Bartók , Ginastera , Turina , Adams , Mossolov , Prokofiev , Rimsky-Korsakov , Dvořák , Ravel , Beethoven , Piazzolla , Ibert , Zheng Lu & Ma Hongye, Sibelius , Gershwin , Bernstein , Stravinsky , Mozart , Martín y Soler , Falla , Stylianou and Xavier Montsalvatge . Numerous Guest Conductors and soloists joined

3154-409: The behest of Charles V . Urban and rural delinquency—linked to phenomena such as vagrancy , gambling , larceny , pimping and false begging—as well as the nobiliary banditry consisting of the revenges and rivalries between the aristocratic families flourished in Valencia during the 16th century. Furthermore, North African piracy targeted the whole coastline of the kingdom of Valencia , forcing

3237-473: The city and the creation of a new river bed for the Turia, with the old one becoming one of the city's "green lungs". The economy began to recover in the early 1960s, and the city experienced explosive population growth through immigration spurred by jobs created with the implementation of major urban projects and infrastructure improvements. With the advent of democracy in Spain, the ancient kingdom of Valencia

3320-586: The city became the capital of the Kingdom of Valencia . The city's population thrived in the 15th century, owing to trade with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, Italian ports, and other Mediterranean locations, becoming one of the largest European cities by the end of the century. Already harmed by the emergence of the Atlantic World trade in detriment to Mediterranean trade in global trade networks, along with insecurity created by Barbary piracy throughout

3403-433: The city of Montreal. From 1970 to 1973 he was a pupil of André Prévost at the Université de Montréal where he earned a Master of Music in composition. In 1974, he attended the Darmstädter Ferienkurse for contemporary music, and returned in 1984 when he was named a composer-in-residence. In the autumn of 1974 he entered the graduate music program at McGill University to study composition with Bruce Mather ; he earned

Jeunesses Musicales World Orchestra - Misplaced Pages Continue

3486-414: The city was voted the world's top destination for expatriates , based on criteria such as quality of life and affordability. The city was selected as the European Capital of Sport  [ Wikidata ] 2011, the World Design Capital 2022 and the European Green Capital 2024. The Latin name of the city was Valentia ( IPA: [waˈlɛntɪ.a] ), meaning "strength" or "valour", due to

3569-425: The death of Ferdinand II in 1516, the nobiliary estate challenged the Crown amid the relative void of power. In 1519, the Taula de Canvis was recreated again, known as Nova Taula . The nobles earned the rejection from the people of Valencia, and the whole kingdom was plunged into the armed Revolt of the Brotherhoods and full-blown civil war between 1521 and 1522. Muslim vassals were forced to convert in 1526 at

3652-411: The early Restoration period —experienced a change, leading to a growth of republican forces , gathered around the emerging figure of Vicente Blasco Ibáñez . Not unlike the equally republican Lerrouxism , the Populist Blasquism  [ es ] came to mobilize the Valencian masses by promoting anticlericalism . Meanwhile, in reaction, the right-wing coalesced around several initiatives such as

3735-471: The end of the political and legal independence of the Kingdom of Valencia . During the War of the Spanish Succession , Valencia sided with the Habsburg ruler of the Holy Roman Empire , Charles of Austria . King Charles of Austria vowed to protect the laws ( Furs ) of the Kingdom of Valencia , which gained him the sympathy of a wide sector of the Valencian population. On 24 January 1706, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, 1st Earl of Monmouth , led

3818-411: The exclusivity of Valencia and Barcelona for the celebration of international fairs in Spain. These two cities would hold the monopoly on international fairs for more than three decades, until the rule's abolishment in 1979 by the government of Adolfo Suárez . In October 1957, a flood from the Turia river resulted in 81 casualties and extensive property damage. The disaster led to the remodelling of

3901-423: The first waves of the invading Germanic peoples ( Suebi , Vandals , Alans , and later Visigoths ). After the fall of the Western Roman Empire , Valencia became part of the Visigothic Kingdom from 546 to 711 AD. The city surrendered to the invading Moors about 714 AD. Abd al-Rahman I laid waste to old Valencia by 788–789. From then on, the name of Valencia (Arabised as Balansiya ) appears more related to

3984-401: The fortification of sites. By the late 1520s, the intensification of Barbary corsair activity along with domestic conflicts and the emergence of the Atlantic Ocean in detriment of the Mediterranean in global trade networks put an end to the economic splendor of the city. The piracy also paved the way for the ensuing development of Christian piracy, that had Valencia as one of its main bases in

4067-405: The host city for the 33rd America's Cup, held in June 2009. The results of the Valencia municipal elections from 1991 to 2011 delivered a 24-year uninterrupted rule (1991–2015) by the People's Party (PP) and Mayor Rita Barberá , with support from the Valencian Union . Barberá's rule was ousted by left-leaning forces after the 2015 municipal election , with Joan Ribó of Compromís becoming

4150-423: The king's daughter, the future Isabella II . During the regency of Maria Cristina , Espartero ruled Spain for two years as its 18th Prime Minister from 16 September 1840 to 21 May 1841. City life in Valencia carried on in a revolutionary climate, with frequent clashes between liberals and republicans. The reign of Isabella II as an adult (1843–1868) was a period of relative stability and growth for Valencia. During

4233-429: The kingdom for Muslim North Africa. They were concentrated in the former Crown of Aragon , and in the Kingdom of Valencia specifically, and constituted roughly a third of the total population. The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the Valencian nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de canvi in 1613. The decline of the city reached its nadir with the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1709), marking

SECTION 50

#1732801647728

4316-422: The lake from the Crown of Spain for 1,072,980 pesetas in 1911, and today it forms the main portion of the Parc Natural de l'Albufera (Albufera Nature Reserve), with a surface area of 21,120 hectares (52,200 acres). Because of its cultural, historical, and ecological value, it was declared a natural park in 1976. Valencia and its metropolitan area have a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ) bordering on

4399-429: The main silk-manufacturing centre in Spain. The Palau de Justícia is an example of the affluence manifested in the most prosperous times of Bourbon rule (1758–1802) during the rule of Charles III. The 18th century was the Age of Enlightenment in Europe, and its humanistic ideals influenced men such as Gregory Maians and Pérez Bayer in Valencia, who maintained correspondence with the leading French and German thinkers of

4482-451: The minimum temperature typically at night ranges from 6 to 10 °C (43 to 50 °F). December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 17 °C (63 °F) during the day and 8 °C (46 °F) at night. March is transitional, the temperature often exceeds 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) during the day and 10 °C (50 °F) at night. During

4565-438: The most important in the Iberian Peninsula. In 1407, following the model of the Barcelona's institution created some years before, a Taula de canvi (a municipal public bank) was created in Valencia, although its first iteration yielded limited success. The 15th century was a time of economic expansion, known as the Valencian Golden Age, during which culture and the arts flourished. Concurrent population growth made Valencia

4648-411: The most populous city in the Crown of Aragon. Some of the landmark buildings of the city were built during the Late Middle Ages, including the Serranos Towers , the Silk Exchange , the Miguelete Tower , and the Chapel of the Kings of the Convent of Sant Domènec. In painting and sculpture, Flemish and Italian trends had an influence on Valencian artists. Valencia became a major slave trade centre in

4731-438: The name of peace on both sides of the infamous wall that divided the city. Since then, the World Orchestra has been registered as a harmonious association of musicians without frontiers. As recognition of its peace-building efforts, in 1996 the UNESCO granted it the distinction of ‘Artist for Peace’ with which it has travelled the world over. During the 1960s and 1970s, WOJM went on several tours to Canada, Denmark, Belgium, Italy,

4814-399: The new mayor. Located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the western part of the Mediterranean Sea , fronting the Gulf of Valencia , Valencia lies on the highly fertile alluvial silts accumulated on the floodplain formed in the lower course of the Turia River . At its founding by the Romans in 138 BC, it stood on an alluvial plain of the Turia River several kilometers from

4897-405: The new piece specially written by Séjourné for the finals of the 32nd America's Cup. In Summer 2008 it will premiere the revised version of José Evangelista 's O Bali , Josep Vicent's composition Ouverture Release for percussion trio and orchestra and Andrés Valero's GP , f-1. As UNESCO Artist for Peace its concerts are committed to peace, interculturality and cooperation between cultures. During

4980-625: The orchestra during this period such as Mihaela Ursuleasa , Iván Martín, Yayoi Toda, Gwyneth Wentink, Yaron Traub, Mayte Martín, Roberto Balistreri, Enric Martínez-Castignani , Alina Pogostkina, Marisa Martins, Mª Luz Martínez or Miguel Zapater. Next Summer 2008 The World Orchestra will be joined by cellist Laurence Lesser, violinist Mitsuoko Usioda soprano Marianne Fiset and maestro Franz Paul Decker . The Jeunesses Musicales World Orchestra has premiered five pieces by new composers: Good News From Beijing by Zheng Lu & Ma Hongye, Pax Haganum by Joan Albert Amargós, Ketsana by Emmanuel Séjourné and

5063-463: The orchestra ran a Chamber Music festival, with concerts for String Quartet , Brass ensemble and Percussion Group. JMWO was also the resident orchestra of Nits de la Mediterrània Music festival and also was in charge of the music of the Opera ‘Puss in Boots’ (a co-production with Teatro Real of Madrid and Teatre Liceu of Barcelona). Some of JMWO musicians took part in the filming of new movie on Valencian composer Martin y Soler . One concert

SECTION 60

#1732801647728

5146-706: The orchestra. With the status of Artist for Peace, the World Orchestra performed to commemorate the 50th anniversary of State of Israel (1998), the 350th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia (1998), and in the commemorative events marking the beginning of the Second World War in Warsaw (1999). In the year 2000, it toured south-eastern Europe (Slovenia, Croatia, former Yugoslavia, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia). Valencia, Spain Valencia ( / v ə ˈ l ɛ n s i ə / və- LEN -see-ə or / v ə ˈ l ɛ n ʃ ( i ) ə / və- LEN -sh(ee-)ə , Spanish: [baˈlenθja] ), officially València ( Valencian : [vaˈlensia] ),

5229-413: The rapid mechanisation of the industry, larger companies were being formed. The best expression of this dynamic was in regional exhibitions, including that of 1909 held next to the pedestrian avenue L'Albereda ( Paseo de la Alameda ), which depicted the progress of agriculture and industry. Among the most architecturally successful buildings of the era were those designed in the Art Nouveau style, such as

5312-425: The relocation of the capital of the Republic to Valencia. After the continuous unsuccessful Francoist offensive on besieged Madrid during the Spanish Civil War , Valencia temporarily became the capital of Republican Spain on 6 November 1936. It hosted the government until 31 October 1937. In the Spanish civil war, Valencia was heavily bombarded by air and sea, mainly by the Fascist Italian air force, as well as

5395-482: The repeal of the Furs of Valencia as punishment for the kingdom's support of Charles of Austria. By the Nueva Planta decrees , the ancient Charters of Valencia were abolished and the city was governed by the Castilian Charter, similarly to other places in the Crown of Aragon. The Valencian economy recovered during the 18th century with the rising manufacture of woven silk and ceramic tiles. The silk industry boomed during this century, with Valencia replacing Toledo as

5478-451: The sea. The Albufera lagoon, located about 12 km (7 mi) south of the city proper (and part of the municipality), was originally a saltwater lagoon, but since the severing of links to the sea, it has eventually become a freshwater lagoon, progressively decreasing in size. The lagoon and its environment are used for the cultivation of rice in paddy fields , and for hunting and fishing purposes. The Valencia City Council bought

5561-404: The second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Work to demolish

5644-473: The time. The 19th century began with Spain embroiled in wars with France, Portugal, and England—but the Peninsular War (Spanish War of Independence) most affected the Valencian territories and the capital city. The repercussions of the French Revolution were still felt when Napoleon's armies invaded the Iberian Peninsula. The Valencian people rose up in arms against them on 23 May 1808, inspired by leaders such as Vicent Doménech el Palleter. The mutineers seized

5727-422: The tragedy of the Spanish Civil War. The World Orchestra came into being with the creation of a young orchestra for the Jeunesses Musicales International project. In the period 1949 to 1969, in the Netherlands, the violinist Arthur Grumiaux, Director of the Igor Markevitch Orchestra and other key musicians resolved, as part of the Jeunesses Musicales assemblies, to put together an international orchestra inspired in

5810-425: The two first seasons held in Valencia The World Orchestra visited China to commemorate the Chinese-Japanese Peace Treaty. Besides numerous concerts for peace in Kurhaus (The Hague), The World Orchestra reinforced its engagement with peace travelling to Cyprus to play concerts for war refugees of the armed conflict between Israel and the Lebanon and performing in Barcelona's GREC Festival as a homage to those who lived

5893-494: The vision of Sir Robert Mayer, creator of the orchestral concerts for children in the 1920s. It was in Canada in 1968 that Gilles Lefebvre proposed the transformation of this ‘orchestral conference’ into an ensemble that would develop under the wand of an experienced conductor. Lefebvre envisaged that such an ensemble would receive and continue the education of the best young musicians of the Jeunesses Musicales member countries. Right from its inception, this project in music education

5976-535: The walls of the old city started on 20 February 1865. The demolition of the citadel ended after the 1868 Glorious Revolution . During the Cantonal rebellion in 1873, Valencia was the capital of the short-lived Valencian Canton . Following the introduction of universal manhood suffrage in the late 19th century, the political landscape in Valencia—until then consisting of the bipartisanship characteristic of

6059-460: The warmest months – July and August, the maximum temperature during the day typically ranges from 28 to 32 °C (82 to 90 °F), about 21 to 24 °C (70 to 75 °F) at night. The highest and lowest temperatures recorded in the city since 1937 were 44.7 °C (112.5 °F) on 10 August 2023 and −7.2 °C (19.0 °F) on 11 February 1956, respectively. Valencia has one of the mildest winters in Europe, owing to its southern location on

6142-401: The wider area than to the city, which is primarily cited as Madînat al-Turâb ('city of earth' or 'sand') and presumably had diminished importance throughout the period. During the emiral period, the surrounding territory, under the ascendancy of Berber chieftains, was prone to unruliness. In the wake of the start of the fitna of al-Andalus , Valencia became the head of an independent emirate,

6225-525: The word València is an exception to this rule, since è is pronounced [e] . The spelling "València" was approved by the AVL based on tradition after a debate on the matter. The name "València" has been the only official name of the city since 2017. In 2023, the Commission of Culture of the municipal corporation agreed in principle on a dual official denomination Valencia / Valéncia , with

6308-746: Was a Spanish composer and music educator who was based in Montreal , Canada. He was professor of composition at the Université de Montréal from 1979 to 2009. A member of the Canadian League of Composers , the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores , and an associate of the Canadian Music Centre , Evangelista was known for his commitment to contemporary classical music and non-Western music. Born in Valencia on 5 August 1943, Evangelista began his professional training at

6391-569: Was a population increase of 14.1%, amounting to 191,842 people. The metropolitan area had a population of 1,770,742 in 2010 according to citypopulation.de, 2,300,000 in 2015 according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development , 2,513,965 in 2017 according to the World Gazetteer , and 2,522,383 in 2017 according to Eurostat . Jos%C3%A9 Evangelista José Evangelista (5 August 1943 – 10 January 2023)

6474-755: Was established as a new autonomous entity, the Valencian Community , the Statute of Autonomy of 1982 designating Valencia as its capital. Valencia has since then experienced a surge in its cultural development, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música , the Palacio de Congresos , the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències) ,

6557-614: Was for the finals of the 32nd America's Cup Competition. The World Orchestra joined forces with Orquesta de Valencia with almost 150 musicians on stage. Its concerts have been broadcast live in numerous TV programs and Radio stations and have been recorded for RTVE , RTVV , RNE , and the EBO. During its tour in China the Valencian TV-RTVV made a documentary film called Sound for Peace . The repertoire of The World Orchestra under

6640-566: Was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC under the name Valentia Edetanorum  [ es ] . After the fall of the Western Roman Empire , Valencia became part of the Visigothic Kingdom from 546 AD and 711 AD. Islamic rule and acculturation ensued in the 8th century, together with the introduction of new irrigation systems and crops. The Aragonese Christian conquest took place in 1238, and so

6723-678: Was located on the banks of the River Turia. It is not clear if an Arabised variant of the Latin name ( Balansiyya ) was reserved for the wider Taifa of Valencia , or also designated the city. Via gradual phonetic changes, Valentia became Valencia [baˈlenθja] in Spanish and València [vaˈlensia] in Valencian . In Valencian, an e with a grave accent ( è ) indicates [ɛ] in contrast to [e] , but

6806-487: Was noted for its rigour and professional quality. These standards have persisted to the present day and it has attained world recognition. Success has come quickly due to the high artistic quality; furthermore, the World Orchestra has become a symbol, through excellence in music, of solidarity and co-operation between the nations of the world. In 1986, the orchestra established its headquarters in Berlin and offered concerts in

6889-552: Was prohibited; in a significant reversal, it is now compulsory for every schoolchild in Valencia. Franco's dictatorship forbade political parties and began a harsh ideological and cultural repression countenanced and sometimes led by the Catholic Church. Franco's regime also executed some leading Valencian intellectuals, such as Juan Peset , rector of University of Valencia . Large groups of them, including Josep Renau and Max Aub , went into exile. In 1943, Franco decreed

#727272