80-565: Lai Chi Wo is a Hakka village near Sha Tau Kok , in the northeastern New Territories of Hong Kong. It is described as a " walled village " by some sources. Lai Chi Wo is located within Plover Cove Country Park and near Yan Chau Tong Marine Park . Lai Chi Wo is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy . The history of Lai Chi Wo dates back 400 years, before
160-665: A copulation plug in the female's vaginal tract. The young grow to the size of an adult in about three months. The major threats for the masked palm civet are continued habitat destruction and hunting for bushmeat . It is widely offered in restaurants in southern China and is also eaten in Vietnam. Masked palm civets are often victims of illegal animal trafficking to meet the demands in China and Vietnam; 100 civets were confiscated in April 2021. Despite relocation to Save Vietnam Wildlife,
240-772: A Hakka satellite cable channel " Hakka TV ". In Taiwan, there are seven Hakka Chinese radio channels. In 2005, Meixian Radio and Television Station (梅縣廣播電視臺) was reorganized after the separation of the National Cultural System Reform Bureau. It is a public institution under the jurisdiction of the Meixian County Party Committee and County Government. The channel can be watched in Meizhou and surrounding area with an audience of over 4 million people. In 2012, Voice of Hong Kong (香港之聲) started broadcasting. Hakka Chinese
320-530: A UNESCO World Heritage Site . Another very popular architectural style in northern east Guangdong, such as Xingning and Meixian , is Wrapped Dragon Village (Chinese: 圍龍屋 ; pinyin: wéilóngwū ). Hakka cuisine is known for the use of preserved meats and tofu, as well as stewed and braised dishes. Some of the popular dishes are Yong Tau Foo and Lei Cha . These dishes are popular in Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore. The taste profile
400-640: A greater degree than other southern Chinese. Unlike other Han Chinese groups, the Hakkas are not named after a geographical region, e.g. a province, county or city. The Hakka people have a distinct identity from the Cantonese people . As 60% of the Hakkas in China reside in Guangdong province, and 95% of overseas Hakkas ancestral homes are in Guangdong. Hakkas from Chaoshan , Guangzhou, and Fujian may self-identify as only Chaoshanese, Cantonese and Hokkiens. It
480-447: A lesser extent snakes and frogs . The composition of the diet varies between seasons and sites. Masked palm civets are polyestrous and their mating behavior is promiscuous . There are two breeding seasons per year. The female bears up to four young. Masked palm civets are known to reach 15 years of age in captivity. Copulation in masked palm civets can last for more than 30 minutes. Upon completion of copulation, males leave
560-592: A respect for family, ancestor veneration, and a commitment to both learning and the ideals of a Confucian gentleman. Finally, they carry Han Chinese surnames and use Han Chinese naming conventions. Lingnan Hakka place names indicate a long history of the Hakka being culturally Han Chinese. Like the Cantonese, they fiercely insisted on their Han identities and were principal movers of the Anti-Qing movement. However,
640-457: A result, many Hakka men turned towards careers in the military or in public service. Hakka people built several types of tulou and peasant fortified villages in the mountainous rural parts of far western Fujian and adjacent southern Jiangxi and northern Guangdong regions. A representative sample of Fujian tulou (consisting of 10 buildings or building groups) in Fujian was inscribed in 2008 as
720-970: A southern Han Chinese subgroup whose principal settlements and ancestral homes are dispersed widely across the provinces of southern China and who speak a language that is closely related to Gan , a Han Chinese dialect spoken in Jiangxi province. They are differentiated from other southern Han Chinese by their dispersed nature and tendency to occupy marginal lands and remote hilly areas. The Chinese characters for Hakka ( 客 家 ) literally mean "guest families". The Hakka have settled in Guangdong , Fujian , Jiangxi , Guangxi , Sichuan , Hunan , Zhejiang , Hainan , and Guizhou in China, as well as in Taoyuan City , Hsinchu County , Miaoli County , Pingtung County , and Kaohsiung City in Taiwan . Their presence
800-523: A weight between 3 and 5 kg (6.6 and 11.0 lb), although some adults can be lighter or heavier (see table below). The masked palm civet is distributed from the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent , especially the Himalayas , ranging eastwards across Bhutan , Bangladesh , Myanmar , Thailand , Peninsular Malaysia , Laos , Cambodia , Vietnam to China , Borneo , Sumatra , Taiwan , and
880-523: A wildlife rehabilitator, at least 8 civets died due to stress and injuries. Paguma larvata is protected in Malaysia and China, but not Thailand and Nepal. The population of India is listed on CITES Appendix III . In May 2003, the SARS virus was isolated in several masked palm civets found in a wildlife market in Guangdong , China. Evidence of virus infection was also detected in other animals including
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#1732794165914960-536: Is a nocturnal solitary predator that is occasionally active during the day. It is partly arboreal . When alarmed, the animal sprays a secretion from its anal gland against the predator. The spray is similar in function to that of a skunk , and its conspicuousness serves to deter other predators. The masked palm civet is an omnivore feeding on rats and birds as well as on fruit such as figs , mangoes , bananas , and leaves. Scat analysis indicates that they also eat mollusks , arthropods , bark and to
1040-531: Is a Hakka Chinese food consisting primarily of tofu that has been filled with either a ground meat mixture or fish paste. It can be eaten dry with sauce or served in a soup base. Suanpanzi is another popular Hakka dish which literally means "abacus seeds". It consists of mainly yam or tapioca beaten in to the shape of abacus beads. The dish is served with minced pork or chicken and with light seasoning. Hakka hill songs are traditionally used by hillside farmers in parts of Taiwan and China, mainly for entertainment in
1120-480: Is a species of mangrove whose biggest forest is to be found in Lai Chi Wo. Every April and May are their blossom seasons and fruits can be harvested from June to October. The fruit is round and green at first, and then become brown when it ripens. Heritiera littoralis is grand, peculiar and has a thick tree-crown. It is almost tall enough to reach the chest of people. The interlaced plank buttress serves to grasp
1200-408: Is an Autumn Maple ( Bischofia javanica ) estimated at to about one hundred years old. It reaches a 17-metre high and 1.9-metre in diameter. It is called "hollow tree" because it has a huge hole inside the tree. The hole has openings in both upper and lower section of the tree. It is once said that there was a honeycomb and villagers tried to fire the comb but finally fired the tree altogether. However,
1280-492: Is commonly held that the Hakkas are a subgroup of the Han Chinese that originated in the central plains. To trace their origins, a number of theories so far have been brought forth among anthropologists, linguists and historians: The theories indicating a descent from both northern and southern Han are the most likely and are together supported by multiple scientific studies into the genetics. Furthermore, research into
1360-531: Is especially prominent in the Lingnan or Liangguang area, comprising the Cantonese -speaking provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi . Despite being partly assimilated to the Cantonese-speaking population, they retain a significant presence there. Like the other southern Han Chinese subgroups, Hakka mainly comprise Central Plains Chinese refugees fleeing social unrest, upheaval, and invasions. However,
1440-410: Is from Luk Keng , which green mini-bus 56K serves. Hikers can walk from Luk Keng, via Tai Wan, Kuk Po and Fan Shui Au . 22°31′37.14″N 114°15′33.21″E / 22.5269833°N 114.2592250°E / 22.5269833; 114.2592250 Hakka people The Hakka ( Chinese : 客家 ), sometimes also referred to as Hakka-speaking Chinese , or Hakka Chinese , or Hakkas , are
1520-502: Is generally light, tending even towards blandness, with a preference for allowing the taste of the ingredients, especially the herbs, to emerge through any seasoning. Lei cha is a traditional Southern Chinese tea-based beverage or rice gruel that forms a part of Hakka cuisine . Ingredients include green tea, basil, sawtooth coriander, mug wort, and a kind of herb known as "Fu Yip Sum". Generally regarded as laborious and difficult to make. Usually eaten with side dishes. Yong tau foo
1600-466: Is grayish to ochraceous , black on the head, shoulders and neck, and blackish brown on the tail and feet. It has a white blaze on the forehead; white marks above and below the eyes extend to the ears, forming a half-collar. In morphology the masked palm civet resembles other palm civets , but does not have spots or stripes. Its tail is more than two-thirds the length of head and body. It has two pairs of mammae . The whitish mask extends laterally to
1680-491: Is now the 16th special region inside Hong Kong. This special region was legalised in 2004 and enacted in 2005. Moreover, it has become one of the more popular hiking sites in Hong Kong. Hikers often start their route from either Wu Kau Tang near Tai Po or Luk Keng near Fanling. Hikers generally take Lai Chi Wo as a mid-way station. As the name suggests, this area was once known for its lychee trees; it got its name before
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#17327941659141760-543: Is really the Southern Chinese, because many Southern Chinese are also from Northern Asia; Hakka or non-Hakka. It is known that the earliest major waves of Hakka migration began due to the attacks of the two aforementioned tribes during the Jin dynasty (266–420) . The study of this population group is complicated by linguistic uncertainty and nomenclatural ambiguity in the historical record. The term Hakka ( 客 家 )
1840-529: Is situated in the north-eastern part of New Territories , near Sha Tau Kok . The altitude of Lai Chi Wo is about 10 metres. It is around 1 hectare of special region inside the area of Lai Chi Wo. Lai Chi Wo walled-village and the houses inside adapt the structure of a typical Hakka village. There are 211 houses in the village, including 3 ancestral halls (the Tsang 's ancestral Hall, the Wong 's ancestral Hall and
1920-504: Is sometimes broadly used to refer to other southern Han Chinese groups during their southward migration. Imperial census statistics did not distinguish what varieties of Chinese the population spoke. Some family genealogies also employ the term Hakka ( 客 家 ) to refer to their southward migration, even though they belonged to the earlier groups of Han Chinese settlers and did not speak a Gan-affiliated language. These clans would be properly regarded as belonging to local dialect groups due to
2000-523: Is still used for news program, radio drama program, emotional program, entertainment program and cultural program. In 1999, 3CW Chinese Radio Australia (3CW澳大利亞中文廣播電臺) was launched. It used Mandarin, Cantonese and Hakka. In 2001, Meizhou Television Station merged with Meizhou People's Broadcasting Station and was renamed Meizhou Radio and Television Station (MRT, 梅州廣播電視臺) . In 2004, the station had officially completed its establishment. In 2003, Taiwan Broadcasting System (TBS, 臺灣公共廣播電視集團) established
2080-584: Is the primary form of religious expression. One distinctively Hakka religious practice involves the worship of dragon deities. People of Hakka ancestry comprised the notable mainstay of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom , although other dialect groups also enlisted. The leader of the Xiang Army , Zeng Guofan , had a special contempt for Hakka women, referring to them as "hillbilly witches". In retaliation for killing three Hunanese officers,
2160-469: Is tolerant to some degree of habitat modification, and widely distributed with presumed large populations that are unlikely to be declining. The genus Paguma was first named and described by John Edward Gray in 1831. All described forms are regarded as a single species . In 2003, masked palm civets at a wildlife market in China were found to have been infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus . The masked palm civet's fur
2240-858: Is used on Sihai Kejia Channel. In 2019, Shenzhou Easy Radio (神州之聲) added a Hakka Chinese radio break which broadcasts to the southeast coast of mainland China, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, the South Pacific and Japan. On Radio The Greater Bay (大灣區之聲) , Sihai Kejia Channel has also joined. In 2023, The Xuexi Qiangguo (學習強國) Platform under the supervision of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party added automatic broadcasting in Hakka Chinese. The religious practices of Hakka people are largely similar to those of other Han Chinese. Ancestor veneration
2320-573: The Andaman and Nicobar islands. It was introduced to Mainland Japan and Ryukyu Islands . It has been recorded in both evergreen and deciduous forest , and in disturbed habitat. It also inhabits fragmented forest habitats, albeit at reduced density. It is also found in Japan, where genetic studies indicate that it is an introduced species with multiple introductions over the centuries, at least two of which are from Taiwan. The masked palm civet
2400-535: The Ministry of Education named "Taiwanese Hakka Chinese" as one of the languages of Taiwan . Hakka culture has been largely shaped by the new environment, which they had to alter many aspects of their culture to adapt, which helped influence their architecture and cuisine. When the Hakka expanded into areas with pre-existing populations in the South, there was often little agricultural land left for them to farm. As
2480-577: The Qing dynasty and are more than two hundred years old. They were jointly built by the seven villages in Sha Tau Kok , Hing Chun Yuek for drawing good fortune and expelling the evils. The village people worship Guan Di and Guan Yin . Hip Tin Temple is for Guan Di while Hok Shan Monastery is for Guan Yin. The temples are categorised by the government as Grade II historic buildings . The East Gate and
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2560-401: The Sha Tau Kok permit can travel to Lai Chi Wo through boats. They can first go to Sha Tau Kok using KMB bus route 78K or Green mini-bus 55K. Alternatively, Lai Chi Wo can be reached by hiking via one of the two popular hiking routes. The first hiking route is from Wu Kau Tang , via Kau Tam Tso , Miu Tin and Lai Tau Shek . To get to Wu Kau Tang, hikers may use: The second hiking route
2640-423: The 16th century, in response to an economic boom, the Hakkas moved into hilly areas to mine for zinc and lead and also moved into the coastal plains to cultivate cash crops. After an economic downturn, many of these ventures failed, and many Hakka had to turn to pillaging to survive. Studies show extensive gene flows and a very close relationship between the Hakka and the surrounding Han Chinese populations in
2720-797: The Cantonese, the Teochew and the Hoklo people. In 1950, China Central People's Broadcasting Station recruited the first Hakka broadcaster, Zhang Guohua, based on a radius of two kilometers from the Meixian government. On April 10, 1950, the Voice of Hakka (客家之聲) started broadcasting. It broadcast nine hours of Hakka Chinese programs every day through shortwave radio and online radio, targeting countries and regions where Hakka people gather, such as Japan, Indonesia, Mauritius, Reunion Island, Australia, Hong Kong and Taiwan. In 1988, Meizhou Television Station (梅州電視臺)
2800-652: The Hakka as displaying non-Han habits and as opportunists intruding on Cantonese territory. The conflict between the two groups led to one of the largest inter-ethnic genocides in history. The Red Turban rebels, who were mostly of Cantonese ancestry, carried out a genocidal campaign against the Hakkas during a revolt against the Qing dynasty. The Cantonese Red Turbans killed 13 Hakka village chiefs and 7,630 other Hakkas while on their way to Heshan, and after conquering it, they killed another 1,320 Hakkas. The bloody Punti–Hakka Clan Wars , saw reciprocal massacres by both groups, but
2880-476: The Hakka bore the brunt of the casualties. This war eventually killed some 500,000 Hakkas (or quite possibly even more). During these killings, the Cantonese generally collaborated with the Xiang people, since both dialect groups had an axe to grind against the Hakka. In retaliation for a Hakka massacre of Cantonese people, Cantonese peasants butchered 500 Hakkas in a village located in the rural Enping county forcing
2960-412: The Hakka differed in their lifestyles and their preferred mode of habitation - living in large communal fortress-like buildings (known as tulou) instead of residing in courtyard houses (or siheyuan ). They also settled in marginal or hardscrabble hill land avoided by other Han Chinese subgroups, and in this regard, were considered similar to non-Han aborigines. They also exhibited gender egalitarianism to
3040-432: The Hakka people settled here. It was once a prosperous Hakka walled-village in the northeastern part of New Territories. There were around 500–600 residents in the most prosperous period. Around a hundred years ago, Lai Chi Wo was a poor village. At that time, a feng shui master suggested building 3 feng shui walls for the village to get rid of the evil spirits and keep the property inside the village safe. After setting up
3120-501: The Hakka settlement. In the 1960s and 1970s, the villagers found it more profitable to plant mandarins , which could fetch good prices during the Chinese New Year (as they are seen as auspicious). However, even the local villagers still cannot confirm if the village got the name because of the lychee trees or another reason. Lai Chi Wo is situated inside the Plover Cove Country Park and Yan Chau Tong Marine Park . The area
3200-496: The Hakka were different in being late arrivals, moving from Central China into Southern China when the earlier groups of Han Chinese settlers in the south had already developed distinctive local identities and languages. Their migration path was also different, and they entered Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian via Jiangxi province, instead of traversing Hunan or moving along the Fujian coast. Today, substantial numbers of Hakka Chinese have migrated overseas to various countries throughout
3280-573: The Hakkas and Cantonese in Perak, Malaya , leading to the Larut Wars . Masked palm civet The masked palm civet ( Paguma larvata ), also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet , is a viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia . It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 as it occurs in many protected areas,
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3360-533: The Lingnan region by traversing Jiangxi and Fujian. During their journey through Jiangxi they intermarried with the Yao and She, two non-Han ethnic minorities. In Fujian, they developed the habit of living in communal fortresses. Intermarriage with aboriginal groups and the adoption of habits that diverged from the Han, such as communal fortress living, increased the Cantonese distaste for the Hakka and aroused suspicion. During
3440-475: The Sampson Macaranga (Macaranga sampsonii), Lankok Fig (Ficus lankokensis) and Golden-leaved Tree (Chrysophyllum lanceolatum) have also been found. Siu Ying School ( 小瀛學校 ) has a long history. As there was no school in the other six villages, children of those seven villages went to this school to study. It closed in 1980. Then it had been left for many years. It will be converted to tourist centre in
3520-457: The Study of the Hakkas (Hsin-Ning & Singapore, 1933) used genealogical sources of family clans from various southern counties, leading to the inclusion of native southern Han Chinese families into the Hakka category. Hakka Chinese is the native Chinese variety of the Hakka people. Hakka Chinese is the closest Chinese variety to Gan Chinese in terms of phonetics, with scholars studies consider
3600-581: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Xiang Army targeted Hakka villages and is estimated to have killed ~30,000 Hakkas every day during the height of the retaliation. Cantonese people have had a history of friction with Hakka, despite the both of them being Han subgroups speaking varieties of Chinese that exhibit relatively high mutual intelligibility (both dialects tracing straightforward descent from Middle Chinese). The Cantonese regarded
3680-521: The West Gate are the entrances of the village. The East Gate is the main entrance on which there was engraved a sentence 'The purple cloud comes from the East.' In Chinese, purple means good fortune. The objective of the sentence is to hope to have highly placed or high-ranking government officials and noble lords coming into the village all the time so that it makes the village prosperous and flourishing. On
3760-689: The Wong's Weixing ancestral Hall). 131 of the houses are single-storey buildings. Another 76 are double-storey, and the remaining four three-storey buildings. The village is structured in 3 rows and 9 columns. The inhabitants of Lai Chi Wo consist primarily of the Tsang and Wong Hakka families. Many families have either moved overseas or to other parts of Hong Kong. The ancestors of the Hakka residents of this village are claimed to have originated from Kaifeng , Henan around 2,500 years ago. The Wongs in Lai Chi Wo originate from Fujian , via Huizhou to Hong Kong during
3840-529: The Xiang Army exterminated the entire Hakka population of Wukeng and Chixi during military counter-attacks on the Hakkas in the year 1888. The army also massacred tens of thousands of other Hakkas in Guanghai, a region of Taishan, Guangdong. Many of the killings in Guanghai took place in the Dalongdong area. The Taiping rebellion caused millions of casualties on both sides. In retaliation, after defeating
3920-486: The book by Chung Yoon-Ngan, The Hakka Chinese: Their Origin, Folk Songs And Nursery Rhymes , that the potential Hakka origins from the Northern Han and Xiongnu and that of the indigenous Southern She and Yue tribes, "are all correct, yet none alone explain the origin of the Hakka", pointing out that the problem with DNA profiling on limited numbers of people within population pools cannot correctly ascertain who
4000-499: The coast, and besides, seaweeds can prevent soil and sand from being washed away. The structures shaped like wooden slabs are named as buttress roots. Several of them can be seen inside Lai Chi Wo Nature Trail. The taller the tree, or the poorer the growing environment, the larger and stronger these buttress trees grow. The Camphor measures 25 metres tall and 3 metres in diameter. It gets its name because it had five branches like five fingers, although only four of them remain today. It
4080-498: The daily demands. But nowadays wells are abandoned. There are seven villages in the Hing Chun Alliance ( 慶春約 , Hing Chun Yeuk). They are Lai Chi Wo, So Lo Pun , Sam A Village , Mui Tsz Lam ( 梅子林 ), Kop Tong ( 蛤塘 ), Siu Tan ( 小灘 ) and Ngau Chi Wu ( 牛池湖 ) which are located at the coast of Northeast New Territories and facing Kat O . In ancient time, when the ancestors of the 7 villages first settled in this place,
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#17327941659144160-494: The early Qing dynasty. No one lives there except the occasional members of the Tsang family nowadays. What elements should a village of good fung shui composed of? Good fung shui of the village ought to be embraced by mountains and hills at the back and on both sides. This can be served as a "green barrier" for the village. Native trees and shrubs are crucial concern for the selection of the fung shui sites, and villagers would also plant vegetations of different values to be added in
4240-561: The explanations from the description board of the tree told another cause. The parenchyma cells in the centre of the trunk contracted and withered as a result of infection. Small holes began to appear inside the tree. However, the nutrients and moisture transporting cells around the exterior part of the trunk continued to grow and thicken. The trunk later get thicker, and the centre hollow expanded in tandem. A ferry service runs between Ma Liu Shui (Landing Steps No. 3) to Lai Chi Wo on Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays. Visitors who carry
4320-407: The far edges of the cheeks and caudally up the forehead, past the ears, and down the back of the neck before stopping just under the shoulder blades. The eyes are surrounded by white fur that can vary from faint, incomplete outlines to well-defined blotches . The lips, chin, and throat are white. In some, white stripes of fur, comparable to sideburns on humans due to shape and location, curve up from
4400-463: The farming fields and courting practices. They are characterized by the strong, resonating melody and voice, which echo around hills and can be heard for up to a mile around the area. Hill songs can be considered a form of communication, as its participants often use it to communicate love songs or news. Hakkapop is a genre of Hakka pop music made primarily in China, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia. Historically, Hakka women did not bind their feet when
4480-442: The forest. Following the development of the forest, a C-shaped like forest would encompass the village, forming a typical layout of fung shui setting of the village and fung shui woods . Fung shui woods can protect and alleviate the impact of strong breeze and sun burn. During the time of heavy rainstorm, mudflow or landslide may happen. The natural barrier can help reduce the level of destructiveness by its retention capacity to stop
4560-510: The forthcoming years. The objective of the centre is to let people know the importance of eco-awareness and preservation of environment, species, ecology, culture, learn about the natural environment, plants and animal species of Lai Chi Wo, experience the village culture in the New Territories . Stone mills are used to peel the crust of the wheat. Each one is made up of two big cylindrical stone structure stacked together. The surface of
4640-594: The great bio-diversity in Lai Chi Wo fung shui woods. For instance, we can find wild animals such as the Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata) and Chinese Porcupine (Hystrix brachyuran). Moreover, more than 100 plants have been recorded. Ordinary fung shui woods species like the Endospermum (Endospermum Chinese), Schima (Schima superb), Lance-leaved Sterculia (Sterculia lanceolata), Incense Tree (Ardisia quinquegona) can be seen. Other less common species like
4720-515: The justification of a Hakka conspiracy that the Jiaying group was surrendering the city to foreign control. On 27 August 1925, villages in a county belonged to the Hakka minority were attacked, Chiang's Punti (Cantonese) men and soldiers did not hesitate to rape their women and pillage their homes. Inter-ethnic hatred between the two groups also rose to a boil in Malaysia. Memories of conflict and old grudges sparked another round of conflict between
4800-535: The late Old Gan together with Hakka Chinese and the Tongtai dialect of Jianghuai Mandarin to have been the lingua franca of the Southern dynasties . Northern Hakka varieties have partial mutual intelligibility with southern Gan. Accordingly, Hakka is sometimes classified as a variety of Gan. Some studies posit that Hakka people and Gan people have close genetic relations and shared areal features . In Taiwan,
4880-505: The lower places. Every Tomb-sweeping Day and Double Ninth Festival , or some other big festivals, villagers must visit the temple. There are two main families in Lai Chi Wo: Wong family and Tsang family. Therefore, there are temples of these two families in Lai Chi Wo. There are two temples, Hip Tin Temple and Hok Shan Monastery , in the square of Lai Chi Wo village. The two structures are connected. They were built in
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#17327941659144960-489: The mitochondrial DNA of the Hakka indicates that the majority of their matrilineal gene pool consists of lineages prevalent in the southern Han. Clyde Kiang stated that the Hakkas' origins may also be linked with Han's ancient neighbors, the Dongyi and Xiongnu people. However, this is disputed by many scholars and Kiang's theories are considered to be false. Hakka Chinese scientist and researcher Dr. Siu-Leung Lee stated in
5040-602: The mountain and land were barren and arable lands were insufficient. They opened up wastelands and built up houses sparing no effort. Gradually, the families began to enlarge and became villages until Eastern Sha Tau Kok was developed, the 7 villages associated and made up the Hing Chung Engagement. They also opened up the Seven-Village Square. After the establishment of the engagement, the life has been smooth therefore villages all believed that it
5120-587: The other hand, there was engraved a sentence 'The west can receive the auspicious light of luck.' on the West Gate. It means the village people hope to get luck and peace. The broad way inside the Nature Trail was constructed in 2003 as a viewing platform. It is 120 metres long and introduces three main features in the eastern mudflat corner of Lai Chi Wo. The trail is 1.2 km. The mangrove in Lai Chi Wo consists of Looking-glass mangrove ( Heritiera littoralis ) and White-flower Derris. Looking-glass mangrove
5200-525: The physical landscape and natural habitat of Hong Kong can be preserved. Indeed, they act as a breeding ground for other fauna such as birds, bats, butterflies and mammals to thrive. The fung shui wood still exists thanks to the effort of the villagers in the past to use every means to preserve it, such as limiting the number of days for fuel wood collection and imposing penalties for the damage of trees. The 5–7 hectare fung shui wood comprises thick trees and shrubs. Most of them are 10–20 metres tall. We can see
5280-414: The practice was commonplace in other parts of China. Hakka women are known for their independent nature and willingness to engage in hard work typically reserved for men in other dialect groups. This may have been driven by historical necessity rather than cultural differences, since the Hakka employed marginal hill lands which were less fertile than the river valley occupied by other Han subgroups, such as
5360-413: The rocks is very rough. After you pour the wheat into the mills, you stir the rock structure, and the wheat will be peeled off into rice that villagers can eat. By virtue of the fact that there was no tap-water, villagers have to fulfill their needs by getting waters from rivers and wells. However, there were not enough rivers near Lai Chi Wo, villagers started to dig wells and use underground water to meet
5440-589: The south than the other Han Chinese groups. The Hakka identify as Han Chinese and genetic studies show they are principally of Han ancestry, despite a recorded history of intermarriage with minority groups such as the Yao and the She. Furthermore, the Hakka language belongs to the Sinitic group of languages, being linguistically proximate to the Gan dialect of Jiangxi. The Hakka also exhibit traditional Confucian values, such as
5520-508: The south. According to a 2009 study published in the American Journal of Human Genetics , Hakka are principally of Han Chinese descent, exhibiting an average genetic difference of 0.32% with other tested Han Chinese persons. Nonetheless, compared with other southern Han Chinese groups, the Hakka genetic profile exhibits a slight skew towards northern Han people. This is in line with their migratory history as later arrivals to
5600-545: The surviving Hakkas to flee, but these refugees, who numbered some 4,000 Hakka, were later all caught and killed by Cantonese peasants, who spared neither women nor child. Government officials mobilized officers and men from the local Cantonese peasants to regain the Guanghai area which was occupied by the Hakkas. The number of Hakkas killed was tens of thousands in the Dalongdong area of Guanghai alone. The Cantonese murdered more than 70 Hakka fellow provincials in Shanghai under
5680-418: The swampy soil in the tide zone to hold the body of the tree. And the "natural swing" around the forest of Looking-glass mangrove in fact is formed by the growing White-flower Derris. There are four main kinds of seaweeds in Hong Kong. They are Halophila beccarii ( 貝克喜鹽草 ), Halophila ovalis ( 喜鹽草 ), Ruppia maritima ( 川蔓藻 ) and Dwarf eelgrass Zostera japonica ( 矮大葉藻 ) among which Zostera japonica
5760-512: The three walls, the village regained its prosperity as before. In recent years, most of the younger residents have moved out for a better living in nearby towns such as Fanling or Tai Po , or emigrated overseas, leaving the village with the older residents only. The original residents would, however, go back to the village whenever there are celebrations, like the Tai Ping Ching Chiu festival held once every 10 years. Lai Chi Wo
5840-455: The throat. These curves vary in thickness and have ends that terminate either in small blotches at the ear base or large blotches that surround the base of both darkly furred ears. The species having a large repartition, differences in morphological parameters can be observable in different populations. Adults of this species usually have a body length of 50 to 60 cm (20 to 24 in), a tail measuring 40 to 50 cm (16 to 20 in) and
5920-413: The timing of their arrival, the language they spoke, the customs they practiced, and the route of their traversal. These families were not part of the groups of settlers today associated with the Hakka, who arrived in southern China at a much later date through Jiangxi province and who spoke a Gan-affiliated language. For example, the study by Lo Hsiang-lin , K'o-chia Yen-chiu Tao-Liu / An Introduction to
6000-483: The water and mudflow. Also, the dense broad-leaved trees are good resisters devoted to prevent hillfire from spreading. In economical terms, villagers grow the economic crops at the edge of the forest. It includes edible stuff and vegetation for medical purpose. They can be used as fuel wood or construction materials. Fung shui woods have the ability to stabilise the slopes as well as to avoid leakage of surface nutrients and organic substances after heavy downpour. Moreover,
6080-420: The world. The Hakka arrived in southern China much later than other southern Han Chinese populations. These earlier waves of southern Han Chinese immigrants occupied the coastal areas and fertile lowlands and had already formed distinctive cultural identities and dialects. Consequently, the Hakka were forced to locate their settlements on marginal territories and relatively infertile land. The Hakka arrived in
6160-399: Was because of the blessing of Guan Di and Guan Yin . To thank the gods and pray for good fortune, they decided to hold a ten-year session (Bun Festival). Ancestral Hall is the representative building of a clan with a lot of spirit tablet worshiping ancestors according to their positions in the family hierarchy. The eldest is located on the highest place and the younger ones are located on
6240-456: Was first found in Lai Chi Wo in 1979. Lai Chi Wo is the only place, and also the largest bed that we can find this kind of seaweed. This seaweed bed mat the shore for more than 2 hectares on the wild open mudflat. Seaweeds are precious in Hong Kong which mainly grow along the coast of northwest and northeast of New Territories. Seaweeds hold great importance to the eco-system because it provides shelter, food and feeding place for animals living along
6320-548: Was founded. In 1994, Hakka Public Channel , also known as Meizhou TV-2 had started broadcasting. Hakka Chinese began to appear in television programs. In 2021, it was renamed Hakka Life Channel (客家生活頻道) . In 1991, Meizhou People's Broadcasting Station (梅州人民廣播電臺) , also known as Meizhou Wired Broadcasting Station (梅州有線廣播電臺) officially started broadcasting. Meizhou Radio News: FM94.8 or urban FM101.9. Meizhou Radio Traffic Channel: FM105.8 MHz. Meizhou Radio Private Car Channel: FM94.0 or urban FM103.9. Until now, Hakka Chinese
6400-545: Was said that during Japanese Occupation , when Lai Chi Wo was occupied as a military backup base for the Japanese Army, the Japanese cut down many trees for fear that their enemies will hide near the area and make sudden attacks. When the soldiers threatened to chop this five-finger Camphor, the villagers stood up to protected the tree with their lives. Therefore, only one of the "fingers" has been cut. The Hollow Tree
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