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48-609: Lasswade is a village and civil parish in Midlothian , Scotland, on the River North Esk , nine miles (14.5 kilometres) south of Edinburgh city centre, contiguous with Bonnyrigg and between Dalkeith to the east and Loanhead to the west. Melville Castle lies to the north east. The Gaelic form is Leas Bhaid , meaning the "clump at the fort." Lasswade lies within the Edinburgh Green Belt . Most of

96-631: A burgh. Their boundaries continued to be used to define some of the local authorities created by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and they continue to be used for census purposes. They are used as part of the coding system for agricultural holdings under the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS) used to administer schemes within the Common Agricultural Policy . According to

144-550: A carpet factory. Created a police burgh in 1881, Lasswade merged with Bonnyrigg in 1929. It was a popular holiday resort in the 19th century for wealthy Edinburgh residents; yet, by the 1950s, much of the village's population had left for modern houses in Bonnyrigg. Groome (1885) noted as chief proprietors in the parish: Lieut.-Col. Gibsone of Pentland, Viscount Melville, Drummond of Hawthornden, Sir Geo. Clerk of Penicuik, and Mrs Durham of Polton. The estates along both banks of

192-760: A cost of about £150,000. In October 1906 the commission intimated that the Assembly Hall, and the New College Buildings, were to belong to the UF Church, while the Free Church received the offices in Edinburgh, and a tenement to be converted into a college, while the library was to be vested in the UF Church, but open to members of both. After having held its Assembly in university class-rooms for two years, and in another hall in 1905, in 1906

240-512: A legal obligation to consult them. United Free Church of Scotland The United Free Church of Scotland ( UF Church ; Scottish Gaelic : An Eaglais Shaor Aonaichte , Scots : The Unitit Free Kirk o Scotland ) is a Scottish Presbyterian denomination formed in 1900 by the union of the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland (or UP) and the majority of the 19th-century Free Church of Scotland . The majority of

288-474: A parish before 1275. The parish of Pentland comprehended the baronies of Pentland and Falford (or Fulford) and the name Pentland appears in charters of 12th century. In 13th and 14th centuries the northern Pentland Hills were called the Moor of Pentland, implying that the hills took the name from the parish or estate and not vice versa. The parish was suppressed in 1647, and the northern part annexed to Lasswade, while

336-679: A population of 18,126 (in 2011) and an area of 10,678 acres. Civil parishes in Scotland Civil parishes gained legal functions in 1845 when parochial boards were established to administer the poor law . Their local government functions were abolished in 1930 with their powers transferred to county or burgh councils. Since 1975, they have been superseded as the smallest unit of local administration in Scotland by community councils . Civil parishes in Scotland can be dated from 1845, when parochial boards were established to administer

384-498: A small section of the Free Church who rejected the union and continued independently under the name of the Free Church ). The minority of the Free Church, which had refused to join the union, quickly tested its legality. They issued a summons, claiming that in altering the principles of the Free Church, the majority had ceased to be the Free Church of Scotland and therefore forfeited the right to its assets – which should belong to

432-596: A structural fault in the Old Parish Church (subsequently demolished, built in 1793 from plans by John Clerk, Lord Eldin ) discovered in the late 1940s. St Leonard's Episcopal Church on Lower Broomieknowe dates from 1890 and is by Hippolyte Blanc . The former board school of 1875 stands with commanding views over the village on the northern slopes next to the Old Kirkyard. It is now converted to flats. Lasswade High School moved to its current premises in

480-605: Is about 6 miles. Prior to 1633 the north-east salient of the parish, around Melville Castle , formed the separate parish of Melville and Lugton. The parish lies between the Pentland Hills to the north and the Moorfoot Hills to the south and includes the easternmost part of the Pentland Hills, around the estate of Pentland. The River North Esk flows into the parish from the south-west and, after forming

528-459: The Brittonic *lï:s meaning "a court, palace administrative centre", and wï:δ , "a wood" (c.f. Welsh llys gwŷdd ). Also possible is an Old English derivation from the elements lǣswe , "pasture", and wæd , "a ford". Although the settlement may date back to the 8th century, the first written record of "Leswade" dates to 1150. On William Roy 's map of 1750, it appears as Laswaid. Up until

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576-610: The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1894 the Parish Council was established, but this only administered the “landward” part of the parish, i.e. the burghs were excluded. Under the terms of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 , Bonnyrigg and Lasswade were united to become the burgh of Bonnyrigg and Lasswade. Burgh or town councils were abolished in 1975. The parish council ceased in 1930 when parish councils in Scotland were abolished, but civil parishes persist for census and other non-administrative purposes. The civil parish has

624-488: The West Indies . The UFC was broadly liberal Evangelical in its approach to theology and practical issues. It combined an acceptance of the findings of contemporary science, and the more moderate results of higher criticism with commitment to evangelism and missions. The UFC's approach to doctrinal conformity was fairly liberal for a Presbyterian denomination at the time. In its 1906 Act Anent Spiritual Independence of

672-463: The Wordsworths . Thomas de Quincey , author of Confessions of an English Opium Eater , also lived in nearby Polton for some years, from 1843, in the cottage now known as de Quincey Cottage. The Scottish landscape artist William McTaggart moved to Lasswade in 1889, and many of his later works depict the Moorfoot Hills . Former 19th-century industries include paper mills, flour mills and

720-461: The ordination of female ministers in 1929. The church elected a woman as its moderator in 1960, when Elizabeth Barr became the first female moderator of a general assembly of a Scottish church. In 2016, the UFC had 53 congregations in its three presbyteries. By 2022, this had reduced to 47 congregations. These three presbyteries are 'The East', 'The West' and 'The North'. The General Assembly of

768-470: The poor law . While they originally corresponded to the parishes of the Church of Scotland , the number and boundaries of parishes soon diverged. Where a parish contained a burgh , the area of the parish outside the burgh was termed the landward area. Until 1891 some parishes lay in more than one county . In that year, under the terms of the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 , the boundaries of most of

816-460: The 9th century. Before the Reformation, the present civil parish consisted of three parishes – Lasswade, Melville and Pentland – and the provostry of Roslin. Melville parish comprised the baronies of Melville and Lugton. In 1633, the barony of Melville which formed the greater part of the parish of Melville was united to Lasswade, and the barony of Lugton to Dalkeith. Pentland was erected into

864-723: The Church , its General Assembly asserted the power to modify or define its Subordinate standard (the Westminster Confession ) and its laws. Although its subordinate standard remained, ministers and elders were asked to state their belief in "the doctrine of this Church, set forth in the Confession of Faith". Thus the Church's interpretation of doctrine was prioritised over the confession. The UFC had three divinity halls, at Glasgow , Edinburgh and Aberdeen , served by 17 professors and five lecturers. The first moderator

912-537: The Church of Scotland's independence in spiritual matters (a right asserted by its Articles Declaratory of 1919). The second was the Church of Scotland (Properties and Endowments) Act 1925 ( 15 & 16 Geo. 5 . c. 33), which transferred the secular endowment of the church to a new body called the General Trustees . These measures satisfied the majority of the UFC that the Church-state entanglement of

960-663: The Church of Scotland, which had been the cause of the Disruption of 1843 had at last ended. In 1929, the merger with the Church of Scotland largely reversed the Disruption of 1843 and reunited much of Scottish Presbyterianism. On 2 October 1929, at an assembly at the Industrial Hall on Annandale Street off Leith Walk in Edinburgh , the two churches merged. The Hall is now the central bus depot for Lothian Region Transport . A relatively small minority stayed out of

1008-553: The Esk were: The pre-Reformation church was dedicated to St Edwin and under the control of the Dean of Restalrig . The current Lasswade Parish Church building was originally built in 1830 as a plain box chapel for the former United Presbyterian Church (later United Free Church ), it was remodelled by Hardy & Wight in 1894 and became part of the Church of Scotland in 1929. The parish has used this building since 1956, because of

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1056-542: The Free Church element of the UF Church of all assets—churches, manses, colleges, missions, and even provision for elderly clergy. It handed large amounts of property to the remnant; more than it could make effective use of. A conference, held in September 1904, between representatives of the UF and the (now distinct) Free Church, to come to some working arrangement, found that no basis for agreement could be found. A convocation of

1104-541: The Free Church, as at the date of the union, should be vested, and which should allocate it to the United Free Church, where the Free Church was unable to carry out the trust purposes. The Churches (Scotland) Act 1905, which gave effect to these recommendations, was passed in August. The commissioners appointed were those on whose report the act was formed, plus two others. The allocation of churches and manses

1152-438: The UF Church again occupied the historic buildings of the Free Church. All the foreign missions and all the continental stations were also adjudged to the United Free Church. (Incidentally, the same act also contained provided for the relaxation of subscription in the Church of Scotland, thus Parliament had involved itself in the affairs of all Presbyterian churches.) The United Free Church was during its relatively short existence

1200-534: The UF Church, held on 15 December, decided that the union should proceed, and resolved to pursue every lawful means to restore their assets. As a result, the intervention of Parliament was sought. A parliamentary commission was appointed, consisting of Lords Elgin , Kinnear and Anstruther . The question of interim possession was referred to Sir John Cheyne . The commission sat in public, and after hearing both sides, issued their report in April 1905. They stated that

1248-906: The United Free Church of Scotland meets annually, beginning on the Wednesday after the first Sunday in June, and lasting until the Friday. Since 2008, they have committed to having the General Assembly in a central location, meeting in the Salutation Hotel, Perth. In 2016, they had 60 ordained ministers, including retired and those serving part-time. There were three students, and a further three probationer ministers. The denomination has 388 Elders, and 255 Deacons, Managers or board members who are not Elders. In 2023, there were 22 serving ministers, along with seven Ministry Assistants. There

1296-484: The United Free Church of Scotland united with the Church of Scotland in 1929. The Free Church of Scotland seceded from the Church of Scotland in the Disruption of 1843 . The United Presbyterian Church was formed in 1847 by a union of the United Secession and Relief Churches, both of which had split from the Church of Scotland. The two denominations united in 1900 to form the United Free Church (except for

1344-413: The civil parishes and counties were realigned so that each parish was wholly within a single county. In 1894 the parochial boards were replaced by more democratically elected parish councils. Parish councils were in turn abolished in 1930, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 , with powers being transferred to county councils in landward areas of counties and burgh councils where they were within

1392-454: The feelings of both parties towards the other had made their work difficult. They concluded, however, that the Free Church was in many respects unable to carry out the purposes of the trusts, which, under the ruling of the House of Lords, was a condition of their holding the property. They recommended that an executive commission should be set up by act of parliament, in which the whole property of

1440-487: The gither, For Jenny was honest, stout, sober and steady She carried the Laird, she carried his leddy, Whin he was richt seated the doggie first gaed, Then waving his stick he cried “Jenny Lass – Wade!” The old parish church was built in the 13th century, though little of it survives today. It was abandoned in 1793, and much of its ruins collapsed in 1866. The 17th-century Scottish poet William Drummond of Hawthornden

1488-408: The late 18th century, all spelling was unfixed and was based upon the sound as perceived. According to legend, the area got its name from a sturdy local girl called Jenny, who would wade across the river carrying travellers on her back before a bridge was built. A short verse from the area tells the story as follows: When there was nae Brig to cross the Esk river, On Jenny’s braid back they a’ gaed

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1536-460: The minority entitled to the assets of the Free Church. It was held that, by adopting new standards of doctrine (and particularly by abandoning its commitment to 'the establishment principle' – which was held to be fundamental to the Free Church), the majority had violated the conditions on which the property of the Free Church was held. The judgement had huge implications; seemingly it deprived

1584-464: The population is retired or commutes to Edinburgh to work. There are, however, several local businesses, including horse riding stables (Edinburgh & Lasswade Riding Centre), golf driving ranges and golf courses (Kings Acre Golf Course and Melville Golf Centre), an alpine plant nursery (Kevock Garden Plants) a pub (The Laird and Dog) and a restaurant (The Paper Mill). There is also an athletics club formed in 1981. The name Lasswade may be derived from

1632-432: The pre-union Church. It was dropped from the title in 1934. An agreement between the parties avoided the property disputes of the 1900 union. UFC members increased slightly during the 1930s, to a peak of 23,000 by 1939, but it never regained anywhere near the numbers it had had prior to the union with the Church of Scotland. The ongoing UFC continues in the 'broad evangelical' tradition. The continuing UFC agreed to permit

1680-584: The remaining minority, who were the true 'Free Church'. However, the case was lost in the Court of Session , where Lord Low (upheld by the second division) held that the Assembly of original Free Church had a right, within limits, to change its position. An appeal to House of Lords , (not delivered until 1 August 1904 due to a judicial death), reversed the Court of Session's decision (by a majority of 5–2), and found

1728-859: The second largest Presbyterian church in Scotland . The Free Church brought into the union 1,068 congregations, the United Presbyterians 593. Combined they had a membership of some half a million Scots. The revenue of the former amounted to £706,546, of the latter to £361,743. The missionaries of both churches joined the union, and the united Church was then equipped with missions in various parts of India , in Manchuria , in Africa (Lovedale, Livingstonia, etc.), in Palestine, in Melanesia and in

1776-475: The southern, comprising the barony of Falford, was united to the new parish of St.Catherine's, now called Glencorse. However the churchyard of Pentland was still in use at least to 1907. The parish of Lasswade was divided in two, ecclesiastically, when Roslin parish was erected in 1835. The Church in Rosewell was built 1871–72 and opened for worship 1874, when Rosewell became a separate ecclesiastical parish. It

1824-509: The union, and retained the name of U.F. Church. Voluntaryism led some to oppose the union (the United Free Church Association, led by James Barr – minister of Govan and Labour MP for Motherwell ). When it came, 13,000 UFC members remained outside, calling themselves the United Free Church (Continuing). The phrase 'continuing' was used for five years to avoid confusion between the remaining United Free Church and

1872-461: The villages of Lasswade, Roslin and Rosewell , and the small town of Loanhead , plus part of the town of Bonnyrigg. The Community Council areas for the parish are: A large part of the areas of Bonnyrigg/Lasswade and Poltonhall and District lies within Cockpen parish. Lasswade is one of the most ancient Parishes in Scotland. Burial ground evidence shows that the church was active as early as

1920-728: The website of the General Register Office for Scotland , there are now 871 civil parishes. Civil parish boundaries originally corresponded with the ecclesiastical parishes of the Church of Scotland . As parishes used for religious functions diverged from civil parishes, the former became known as quoad sacra parishes . Since 1975, Scotland has been divided into community council areas which are often similar to civil parishes in their boundaries. These community council are not equivalent to English parish councils and Welsh community councils and do not have legal powers of their own but in some cases local authorities have

1968-455: The west of Bonnyrigg in 1956, being rebuilt on the same site in 2013. The parish of Lasswade is bounded on the north by the City of Edinburgh (namely the former parishes of Colinton and Liberton ), on the east, by Dalkeith , Newbattle , Cockpen and Carrington , on the south by Penicuik and on the west by Glencorse . It extends about 7 miles from north to south and its greatest breadth

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2016-420: The western boundary, then cuts through the centre of the parish, flowing north-easterly towards the village of Lasswade. At Lasswade the river forms the boundary on the north-east side, such that the suburb of Westmill on the south-east bank lies in the parish of Cockpen. The chief antiquities within the parish are Rosslyn Chapel and the mansions of Hawthornden Castle and Melville Castle. The parish includes

2064-492: Was Robert Rainy . Its theologians and scholars have included H.R. Mackintosh , James Moffatt as well as John and Donald Baillie . British Prime Minister Bonar Law was raised in a Canadian Free Church manse and was a member of the United Free Church in Helensburgh . As its early days were preoccupied with the aftermath of union, so its later days were with the coming union with the Church of Scotland . The problem

2112-480: Was a slow business, but by 1908 over 100 churches had been assigned to the Free Church. Some of the dispossessed UF Church congregations, most of them in the Highlands, found shelter for a time in the parish churches; but it was early decided that in spite of the objection against the erection of more church buildings in districts where many were now standing empty, 60 new churches and manses should at once be built at

2160-502: Was buried within its grounds. The first paper mill was built in Lasswade in 1750, and papermaking remained important until the start of the 20th century. Sir John Lauder, 1st Baronet of Fountainhall was born at Melville Mill, Lasswade, in 1595; and the present 18th-century Barony House was known as Lasswade Cottage when Sir Walter Scott rented it (1798–1804). He was visited here by the writer James Hogg (the 'Ettrick Shepherd') and

2208-619: Was one Student Minister, and 22 Retired Ministers. The denomination has 300 Elders, and 183 Deacons, Managers or board members who are not Elders. The total membership (Communicants) at the end of 2023 was 1782 individuals. The modern UFC is involved in the ecumenical movement in Scotland and is a member of Action of Churches Together in Scotland . Internationally, it is a member of the World Council of Churches , The denomination, as of 31 December 2023, currently has 47 congregations. 1900 - 1929 1929- The dispute over assets between

2256-648: Was re-united with Lasswade in 2008. A Parochial Board was established under the Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1845. Within the parish of Lasswade, police burghs were created at Bonnyrigg, 1865 (main part in the parish of Cockpen); Lasswade, 1881; and Loanhead, 1884. Police burghs were communities over a certain size who were entitled to police many of their own affairs, such as cleansing, street lighting and water supply as well as public order. Police burghs were run by elected commissioners or magistrates. In 1901, police burgh functions were taken over by town or burgh councils. With

2304-538: Was the CofS's position as an established church conflicted with the Voluntaryism of the UFC. Discussions began in 1909, but were complex. The Very Rev William Paterson Paterson , Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland made much progress during his period in office 1919/20. The main hurdles were overcome by two parliamentary statutes, firstly the Church of Scotland Act 1921 , which recognised

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