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42-578: It was founded by Emil Kessler on 11 March 1846 in Stuttgart , as a result of an initiative of the Kingdom of Württemberg to create a railway industry that was not dependent on foreign manufacturers. Emil Kessler brought vital experience from his time with the engineering works in Karlsruhe , where he had been a member of the board since 1837 and the sole director since 1842. The foundation stone of

84-404: A Memorandum of Understanding to cooperate on train services. All services are provided locally by Indonesian workers. GE runs a traction motor remanufacturing center to serve all ASEAN countries. In 2012, Indonesian Railways allocated Rp20 billion (US$ 2.2 million) to restore and renovate 20 heritage sites and historical railways on Java and Sumatra. 727 kilometres (452 mi) of

126-587: A minority, and no new electric locomotives were acquired until the 1970s. However, electric multiple units have been imported since 1976 for the Jabotabek commuter urban transport, which was spun off from KAI in August 2008. After changing the rail between Purwosari station and Wonogiri station and the bridges with R42 (37 kilometres), so line between Sangkrah station, Solo and Wonogiri became served by heavy electric diesel locomotives. On 3 May 2011

168-568: A motive power depot) have been used for scrapping of the disused economy class electric multiple units since 2013. Polsuska ( Indonesian : Pol isi Khu sus K ereta A pi or Railroad Special Police) is KAI's security unit. Polsuska works as a special railroad police that is charged with issuing tickets and patrolling stations to supplement the work of the national police . Polsuska has responsibilities relating to law and order including security of railway stations and train users. Polsuska officers wear black uniforms and orange berets pulled to

210-490: A particular reputation for the construction of cog locomotives in many variations, including locomotives for Riggenbach , Abt and Strub rack railways . It was one of these engines that was the last steam locomotive to be made in Esslingen: on 21 October 1966 the last cog locomotive left the factory bound for Indonesia . The company was also involved in the production of electric locomotives , for example, in 1912 for

252-920: A queen bed. Snacks, meals and drinks are provided for free. On 18 October 2014, KAI launched the Jayabaya train for disabled persons traveling the Pasar Senen-Surabaya-Malang route and back. The train contains two disability carriages, which include accessible toilets, doors and spacious areas. It is planned to be implemented on other trains. KAI operated coal trains under partnership with Bukit Asam (PTBA) in Southern Sumatra. The coal were transported from Tanjung Enim in South Sumatra to Tarahan Rotary Car Dumper in Lampung, which were then shipped to Java. Other service which

294-408: A subsidiary under the name PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia (KCI). Kereta Api Pariwisata (branded as KA Wisata, formerly IndoRailTour) provides rail tourism services. KA Properti Manajemen (KAPM) provides property management. Kereta Api Logistik (Kalog) provides logistics. A KAI joint venture with Angkasa Pura II operates an airport train service, under the name Railink  [ id ] via

336-506: A very good reputation, initially at home, then increasingly abroad. Several takeovers of other companies ( Maschinenfabrik Gebr. Decker & Co. in 1881, Maschinen- & Kesselfabrik G. Kuhn in 1902), the formation of Costruzioni Meccaniche Saronno (Italy) in 1887 and in 1913 the construction of a new factory at Mettingen demonstrated its success. One phase was the construction of ships for inland waters at Ulm and Friedrichshafen , begun in 1852 and stopped by 1858, that saw it through

378-579: Is a luxury passenger carriage that can be rented and attached to a regular train for a specific journey. Exclusive carriages are known as kereta wisata ("tourist carriage"). The main users of these exclusive carriages are government officials, corporate boards, extended families, and groups of artists or tourists. The rental fee is about Rp  15,000,000 for short trips such as Jakarta–Bandung or Jakarta–Cirebon and up to Rp  27,000,000 for Jakarta–Surabaya trips. The carriages can accommodate up to 22 passengers, or 19 passengers for "Nusantara" carriage with

420-1181: Is located in Pengok, Special Region of Yogyakarta for maintenance of diesel electric and diesel hydraulic locomotives. In Sumatra the maintenance shops are in Lahat Regency (South Sumatra), Padang (West Sumatra) and Pulubrayan (North Sumatra). Other rolling stock workshops are present in Manggarai (Jakarta), Tegal (Central Java) and Gubeng (Surabaya, East Java). These places are used for maintenance of passenger carriages and freight wagons. A large stabling point and maintenance facility for electric multiple units are located in Depok , West Java . Motive power depots are located in Medan, Padang, Padang Panjang, Kertapati, Tanjungkarang, Rangkasbitung, Cipinang (Jakarta), Bandung, Cirebon, Purwokerto, Cilacap, Kutoarjo, Semarang Poncol, Ambarawa, Yogyakarta, Solo Balapan, Madiun, Sidotopo (Surabaya), and Jember. Large areas in front of Purwakarta station (formerly

462-556: Is to be the only railway in Indonesia without road crossings. It was planned to have eight flyovers and underpasses to improve safety in congested roads. As of 2016, KAI operated: The company is a major customer of the local railway equipment industry, PT Industri Kereta Api , operating passenger coaches, freight wagons and electric multiple units made by the Madiun -based company. KAIs' diesel-electric locomotives are mostly made in

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504-818: The Deli Railway Company ) were combined into Djawatan Kereta Api Republik Indonesia (DKARI, Railways Service of the Republic of Indonesia) in 1953. Non-state railway systems in Java retained their formal existence until 1958, when all railway lines were nationalised , including the Deli in North Sumatra, thereby creating the Perusahaan Negara Kereta Api (PNKA, State Railways Corporation) on 28 September 1960. On 28 September 1970 PNKA

546-660: The Perumka , later PT Kereta Api ] (art. 6) and provides and maintains railway infrastructure (art. 8). Private companies were allowed to co-operate in operation of railways (art. 6). On 1 August 1990, PJKA changed to Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api (Perumka, the Railways Public Corporation), and as of 1 June 1999 converted into joint-stock company PT Kereta Api (Persero) (PT KA, Indonesian Railways Company JSC). In May 2010, it became PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) (PT KAI). Electric locomotives were always

588-586: The Trans-Sulawesi Railway with a length of 143 kilometres from Makassar to Pare-pare was completed in 2017. The train began service in 2018 with trackage wider than in Java to accommodate more weight and speed. Revaluation of assets was done by the Ministry of Transportation . The company owns Rp.35 trillion ($ 4.1 billion) as land and Rp.22 trillion ($ 2.6 billion) as other assets (bridges, signals, etc.). The exact value

630-527: The Trans-Sulawesi Railway , and Jabodebek LRT . The company used to operate 750 mm ( 2 ft  5 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) gauge lines in Aceh and 600 mm ( 1 ft  11 + 5 ⁄ 8  in ) gauge for some tramway lines. The total trackage laid in Indonesia was 7,583 kilometres (4,712 mi), although not all lines were in operation at the same time. The system spanned 5,042 kilometres (3,133 mi) as of 2019, with

672-691: The Wendelsteinbahn . After 1920 a batch of accumulator cars was produced, mainly for coal mines and industrial railways. In addition, internal combustion engined locomotives were built, such as the small diesel locomotive, the Köf , the Esslingen railbus and the Russian locomotive class E el-2 . Between 1956 and 1965, over 400 Class SSB GT4 articulated four axle trams were built in Esslingen for

714-762: The armed forces and police . Act No. 23 of 2007 took effect on 25 April 2007. In this law, track maintenance is more directly handled by the government via the Directorate General of Railways, under the Ministry of Transportation. KAI operates multiple subsidiary businesses. The Railway Employee Welfare Center Foundation (Yayasan Pusaka), one of PNKA's foundations, established PT Karya Pusaka (founded on 5 December 1967) and renamed it PT Pusaka Nusantara on 18 April 1970. Pusaka focuses on restoration, outsourcing, and cleanliness of train infrastructure and facilities. The first subsidiary of PT Kereta Api

756-469: The public railway companies in the country. It is state-owned and pays track access charges. Its headquarters are located in Bandung , West Java . In 2019, KAI carried 429 million passengers and 47.2 million tonnes of cargo. Kereta Api Indonesia is the latest of a long line of successive state railway companies dating from Dutch colonial days. On 27 August 1863, Indonesia's first railway company

798-511: The Aceh system, most of the West Sumatra system and most former steam tram lines abandoned, but including new tracks built alongside old tracks (double tracking projects). Many of the busiest lines are double tracked . A Memorandum of Understanding has been signed to build railway around Bali with length of 565 km (351 miles). The Kedungjati – Tuntang railway line, a part of the planned reactivation of Semarang–Ambarawa line,

840-680: The Stuttgart tramways, which were in regular operation until 2007. The same model was also built for Freiburg im Breisgau, Neunkirchen, and Reutlingen. In addition, four axle bogie trams were built of the END system. Even the cable car vehicles in Stuttgart were made at Esslingen. Finally the ME became a subsidiary of the Gutehoffnungshütte . In 1965 Daimler-Benz AG bought the company in order to use it factory facilities for its production and

882-820: The United States or Canada, while the diesel hydraulics are mostly made in Germany. Electric units are mostly Japanese-built. Local industry is capable of building both diesel and electric units. AIC assembles diesel-electric TRAXX Asia Locomotives in Surabaya , East Java with Bombardier Transportation (now Alstom since 2021). All locomotives of the KAI (with the exception of steam locomotives ) are diesel . Most new locomotives use diesel-electric transmission , while shunters and older locomotives have hydraulic transmission . More than 400 locomotives are documented, but

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924-625: The company by forming Staatsspoorwegen , a state-owned company on 6 April 1875. Their route stretched from Buitenzorg to Soerabaja . The private company Deli Spoorweg Maatschappij operated exclusively in North Sumatra , to transport rubber and tobacco around the Deli area. In 1939, the total operational trackage was 4,588 kilometres (2,851 mi) (it is unclear whether dual gauge tracks were counted once or twice). Indonesia gained independence in 1945 and has its sovereignty recognized in 1949. The various railway systems (except

966-523: The company trialed a cargo train from Cikarang Dry Port to Surabaya . In December, a memorandum of understanding was signed between KAI and Bombardier Transportation . The project would have established final assembly of diesel-electric TRAXX Asia Locomotives in Surabaya , East Java for export and domestic use. The plant and project appears to have been abandoned as no TRAXX plant has been built in Surabaya. In 2012, KAI and GE Transportation signed

1008-692: The construction of railway vehicles ceased. As of 2007 Maschinenfabrik Esslingen AG still existed, but as a real estate leasing company. Today, old locomotives are rebuilt by the Verein zur Erhaltung der Lokomotiven der ME (Society for the Preservation of ME Locomotives) and handed over to museum railways for everyday operations. This society has its base in the old board rooms of the engineering works in Emil-Kessler-Straße in Mettingen on

1050-568: The emerging railways, Emil Kessler founded the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen that delivered its first engine in 1847. Emil Kessler died on 16 March 1867 in Esslingen am Neckar from a heart attack. Kereta Api Indonesia PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) ( lit.   ' Indonesian Railways (State-owned) Limited ' , abbreviated as PT KAI or simply KAI ) is a major railway operator in Indonesia and one of

1092-469: The factory site of Daimler AG. The last rack locomotive built in Germany for Indonesian State Railways , E10 60 is now used for excursion trains between Sawahlunto and Muarakalaban in West Sumatera . Emil Kessler Emil Julius Carl Kessler (20 August 1813 – 16 March 1867) was a German businessman and founder of the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen ('Esslingen Engineering Works'). Kessler

1134-542: The helm of the engineering works: Emil Kessler's youngest son, Ludwig Kessler. Later (but prior to his death in 1931), the director was Julius Rosenthal. The one thousandth locomotive delivered in 1870 was given the name KESSLER to commemorate the founder of the factory. The engineering works worked closely with the Royal Württemberg State Railways so that almost all new engines for the railway company were built at Esslingen. The firm earned

1176-794: The left. Polsuska is trained by the Indonesian National Police . Polsuska is under the command of the Indonesian Railway Company's Directorate of Safety and Security. The commuter lines that serve Greater Jakarta maintain a separate security force (Petugas Keamanan Dalam/PKD) . They are categorized as security guards . Their service uniforms are dark blue and they wear white helmets (or peaked caps). They are not part of Polsuska. Every railway station employs security guards to assist Polsuska in maintaining order and security. During peak days such as national holidays, Polsuska may be assisted by members from

1218-470: The new factory was laid at Esslingen am Neckar on 4 May 1846. One year later, in October 1847, the first locomotive ordered by the Royal Württemberg State Railways ( Königlich Württembergische Staats-Eisenbahnen ) or K.W.St. E. was delivered. After the death of Emil Kessler in 1867 his 26-year-old son, Emil Kessler, took over the factory. He ran it until his death in 1895. From 1907 another Kessler took

1260-583: The northern coast area lines of Java were double tracked in May 2014, followed by the completion of a 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) double tracking project on the south coast by 2015. On 8 June 2015 the Duri-Tangerang double track project was inaugurated for KA Commuter Jabodetabek , but it can be also used for airport trains. Construction began in early 2015 to connect Cikarang Dry Port and Tanjung Priok Port to ease traffic. The first trackage project of

1302-513: The tally of operational locomotives is smaller. Based on Minister of Transportation's Regulation No. 45 of 2010 , locomotives are required to use a combination of letters and numbers for designations. A letter or a combination of letters denote the wheel arrangement (currently there are C, D, BB and CC types), and a three-digit number denotes the class (2 xx for classes with electric transmission and 3 xx for classes with hydraulic or mechanical transmission), starting from 0. A two-digit number shows

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1344-489: The time of economic crisis after 1848. 50 boats for the river Danube , two steamships for the river Neckar , two steamers and two tugs for Lake Constance and were the result of this thoroughly successful venture. Longer-lived was the firms involvement in steel structures and bridging, that it continued with until the end. By the 1960s Maschinenfabrik Esslingen had delivered several thousand steam and diesel locomotives worldwide, including numerous special designs. It had

1386-520: The way for the Royal Württemberg State Railways ( Königlich Württembergische Staats-Eisenbahnen ). Kessler's bid was successful and in 1841 he built his first steam locomotive , the Badenia for the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway ( Großherzoglich Badische Staatsbahn ). From 1842 Kessler was the sole owner of the new firm Kesslers Maschinenfabrik ('Kessler's Engineering Works'). In 1848 it

1428-657: The year of operations, and two- or three-digit after the year shows the running number. Examples The steam locomotive classification was directly derived from the Japanese 1928 numbering system (it was adopted by the wartime Japanese occupation authorities ). Tank locomotives were numbered from the 10s, while tender locomotives from the 50s. Letter combinations were used for articulated locomotives ( Mallets ). KAI runs three classes of named passenger trains on Java : Executive class (1st class), Business class (2nd class), and Economy class (3rd class). The "exclusive carriage"

1470-655: Was Reska Multi Usaha  [ id ] . This company focuses on business services to support railroad operations, such as restoration, parking, cleanliness on the train, restaurants and cafes , train washing, and comfort support. The company was formed on 2 July 2003. Reska owns the LoKo trademark, a restaurant chain with the theme of rail transportation that operates many station restaurants. Jabotabek Urban Transport Division manages electrified commuter service in Jakarta metropolitan area (currently KRL Commuterline ) as

1512-668: Was born in Baden-Baden , attended school there and later studied constructional and mechanical engineering in Karlsruhe . In 1837 he founded an engineering works with Theodor Martiensen in Karlsruhe, where tools, small machines and railway equipment were manufactured. In 1840/1841 the Royal Württemberg Railway Commission tendered for railway construction and the production of rolling stock to pave

1554-496: Was changed to Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA, the Railway Service Corporation). Much of the branch lines constructed in the colonial era were lifted up or abandoned in the 1980s. Railway operations in Indonesia were at one time regulated by Act No. 13 of 1992 on Railways. This legislation stated that the government operates railways (arts. 4 and 6), delegates operations to an operating body [then

1596-456: Was converted into a public limited company, but liquidated on 30 October 1851 and acquired in 1852 by the Baden government. One year later he founded a new company under the name of Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe ('Karlsruhe Engineering Works'), that again took up locomotive building and delivered its first engine in 1854. Because Württemberg also wanted to have its own production facility for

1638-625: Was named Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS). The colonial government of Dutch-East Indies gave the concession to W. Poolman, Alex Frazer and E.H. Kol on 28 August 1862. Samarang-Tanggung (Grobogan) was its initial route. The ground breaking was in Kemijen village, Semarang by L.A.J.W. Baron Sloet van de Beele on 17 June 1864. The line opened on 10 August 1867 was Batavia ( Jakarta ) – Buitenzorg ( Bogor ) and Samarang – Vorstenlanden (Surakarta and Yogyakarta). They faced big losses and faced bankruptcy. The colonial government assisted

1680-565: Was operated under partnership with PTBA transports coal from Tanjung Enim to Kertapati Apron Feeder in Palembang. After that, the coal will be transported using barges for export and domestic supply. KAI also made partnership with several private coal mining companies in South Sumatra. The first private coal train ( Baraswasta ) was launched in 2011 from Suka Cinta in Lahat to Kertapati in Palembang. To support operational, Suka Cinta station which

1722-564: Was previously just a small remote station was developed to a larger station with coal loading facilities. The company also operated intermodal container trains. In comparison, trucks and flatbeds can only carry 1.5 trip per day, while a train can carry 40 TEUs (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units) per trip. KAI operates a library train ( Kereta Pustaka Indonesia ) that documents company activities, small size assets and books. The library train holds an exhibition for one week in one station and then moves to another. In Java, KAI's main diesel workshop

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1764-463: Was to be determined by the end of 2011 or 2012, based on an audit by the Ministry of Finance . The company operates disp=or ( 1,067 mm or 3 ft 6 in ) and 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge lines. The 1,067 mm gauge is the most common, used in Java and the majority of Sumatra, while the 1,435 mm gauge is used only in Aceh ,

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