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68-669: Their name comes from their eponymous founder, Nogai Khan ( lit. 'dog' in Mongolian ), a grandson of Jochi . Nogai (d. 1299–1300) was de facto ruler, kingmaker, and briefly self-proclaimed khan of the Golden Horde . In the 1990s, 65,000 were still living in the Northern Caucasus, divided into Aq (White) Nogai and Qara (Black) Nogai tribal confederations. Nogais live in the territories of Dagestan , Chechnya , Stavropol district and Astrakhan Oblast . From 1928 there

136-2519: A Byzantine merchant from Crimea. He arranged and held the marriage ceremony of Mankus's daughter Encona to Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria at his court, and his wife Euphrosyne became her god-mother. Batu Khan (1242–1256) Sartaq Khan (1256–1257) Boragchin Khatun (regent) Ulaghchi (1257) Berke (1258–1266) Mengu-Timur (1266–1280) Tode Mongke (1280–1287) Talabuga (1287–1291) Toqta (1291–1299) Nogai Khan (1280–1299) Toqta (1299–1312) Öz Beg Khan (1313–1341) Tini Beg (1341–1342) Jani Beg (1342–1357) Berdi Beg (1357–1359) Qulpa (1359–1360) Nawruz Beg (1360–1361) Khidr (1361) Timur Khwaja (1361) Abdullah (1362–1370) Mamai (de facto ruler) Muhammad Bolaq (1370–1372) Bulat Temir (1362) Arab-Shah Keldi Beg (1362) Murad (1362–1364) Aziz (1365–1367) Urus Khan (1372–1374) Mamai (de facto ruler) Hajji Cherkes (1374–1375) Mamai (de facto ruler) Muhammad Bolaq (1375) Mamai (de facto ruler) Aybak (1375–1377) Mamai (de facto ruler) Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380) Urus Khan (1374–1377) Temur-Malik (1378) Tokhtamysh (1378–1381) Tokhtamysh (1381–1397) Edigu (co-ruler) Temür Qutlugh (1397–1400) Edigu (co-ruler) Shadi Beg (1400–1407) Edigu (co-ruler) Pulad (1407–1410) Edigu (co-ruler) Temur Khan (1410–1411) Jalal al-Din Khan ibn Tokhtamysh (1411–1412) Edigu (1414–1419) Karim Berdi (1412–1414) Kebek Khan (1414) Chokra Khan (1414–1417) Yeremferden (1417–1419) Edigu (de facto ruler) Dervish Khan (1419) Qadeer Berdi Khan (1419) Edigu (de facto ruler) Hajji Muhammad Khan (1419) Ulugh Muhammad , Kepek, and Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421) Barak Khan (1422–1428) Ulugh Muhammad (1428–1433) Sayid Ahmad I (1433–1435) Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459) Mahmud bin Küchük (1459–1465) Ahmed Khan bin Küchük (1465–1481) Sheikh Ahmed (1481–1502) Orda Khan (1226–1251) Qun Quran (1251–1280) Köchü (1280–1302) Bayan (1302–1309) Sasibuqa (1309–1315) Ilbasan (1315–1320) Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344) Chimtay (1344–1360) Urus Khan (1361–1377) Toqtaqiya (1377) Temur-Malik (1377–1378) Mirza (noble) Mirza ( / ˈ m ɜːr z ə / or / m ɪər ˈ z ɑː / ; Persian : میرزا )

204-691: A Cuman rebellion they had recently defeated), and planned to capitalize on it by launching a vast campaign against the apparently weakened kingdom. The invasion plan was devised by Nogai, with two columns led by him and Talabuga. Talabuga's troops devastated Transylvania and raided as far as Pest , but the Hungarians' newly constructed fortification network gave them much trouble. The Mongol forces were unable to take any major stone castles or fortified cities and suffered from supply shortages, sallies by local Hungarian forces, and stiff resistance in any castle or town they assaulted. Eventually they were beaten by

272-456: A Franciscan convent in Qirim ( Staryy Krym ) and was baptized a Catholic. After Toqta ascended the throne, Nogai married his daughter Qiyat to Yailaq (no relation to Nogai's wife), a Buddhist and son of the tribe commander Salji'udai. Nogai's daughter Qiyat, after her marriage, converted to Islam (Nogai had evidently not raised her as a Muslim). Nogai's first wife was named Chubei, and his second

340-718: A column of Mongols raiding into their territory. In 1278-79 Nogai, annoyed by the uprising, personally led a force into Bulgaria. He defeated the Bulgarians, raided the country, and besieged Ivaylo in Silistra , however he withdrew after three months. Ivaylo subsequently escaped the Mongol blockade and led a Bulgarian force to victory over Nogai's Byzantine allies at the Battle of Devina . In 1280 Ivaylo began to lose support among his followers, who were not interested in unending wars with

408-727: A drink prepared by boiling milk and tea together with butter, salt and pepper). The Junior Juz or the Lesser Horde of the Kazakhs occupied the lands of the former Nogai Khanate in Western Kazakhstan . A part of the Nogais joined the Kazakhs in the 17th and 18th centuries and formed a separate clan or tribe called as Kazakh-Nogais. Their estimated number is about 50,000. From the 16th century until their deportation in

476-422: A frontier guard. He was a nephew of Berke Khan as well as Batu Khan and Orda Khan , and under his uncle, he became a powerful and ambitious warlord. In his later years, Berke began to delegate more and more responsibility to his promising nephew. Nogai's leading role first appears, along with Talabuga , under famous Mongol general Burundai as a battle commander in 1259/1260. He was a young sub-commander during

544-449: Is a multi-ethnic name of Persian origin. It is used as a surname or prefix to identify patriarchal lineage. It is derived from the term Mirzadeh ( میرزادہ , lit.   ' son of the master ' ). It is a historical royal and noble title, denoting the rank of a royal prince , high nobleman , distinguished military commander, or a scholar. Specifically, it was used as a title by (and today signifies patriarchal lineage to)

612-613: Is an enemy of my father, the Emperor Michael VIII , and does not deserve to live." Ivaylo was executed on the spot by Nogai's guards. Nogai considered executing Ivan as well, the second pretender to the Bulgarian throne, but his wife Euphrosyne requested he spare Ivan, and Nogai relented. Ivan was allowed to flee to Asia Minor. Nogai made the new Bulgarian Emperor George Terter his vassal. After George's flight to Constantinople, Nogai set his close associate Smilets on

680-556: Is disputed. Estimates claim there are 90,000-100,000 Nogais (Nogai Turks) in the country. They mainly settled in Ceyhan/Adana , Ankara and Eskisehir provinces. The Nogai language is still spoken in some of the villages of Central Anatolia – mainly around Salt Lake, Eskişehir and Ceyhan . To this day, Nogais in Turkey have maintained their cuisine: Üken börek, kaşık börek, tabak börek, şır börek, köbete and Nogay şay (Nogai tea –

748-785: The Astrakhan Khanate , and after the conquest of Astrakhan in 1556 by Russians , they transferred their allegiance to the Crimean Khanate . The Nogais protected the northern borders of the Crimean Khanate, and through organized raids to the Wild Fields inhibited Slavic settlement. Many Nogais migrated to the Crimean peninsula to serve as the Crimean Khans' cavalry. Settling there, they contributed to

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816-800: The Circassians in this period. Several other Nogai clans began to migrate to the Ottoman Empire in great numbers. The Nogais followed two routes. An estimated 7,000 Nogais of the Bucak and Cedsan Hordes settled in Dobruja before 1860. Most of these Nogais later migrated to Anatolia . However, the great exodus of the Nogais took place in 1860. Many clans from the Camboyluk and Kuban Hordes moved westwards to southern Ukraine, and wintered with their co-ethnics there in 1859. They emigrated either through

884-577: The Kur , but was himself repulsed near Shabran in December 1262, and forced to retreat. Nogai then took on the task of repelling Hulegu's attempted invasion, as the latter was emboldened; Hulegu marched north with his army to invade Berke's territory, attempting to envelope Nogai's army at the Terek , but found only an abandoned camp. While Hulegu's men were looting the camp, Nogai's troops surprised Hulegu's at

952-492: The Qajar period , the title simply marked a person as a clerk or a literate man of consequence. Writing in 1828, Frederic Shoberl records that "as a prefix to the name, it may be assumed by, or conferred on any person. It is right, however, to observe, that none but well-educated men, or such as follow respectable professions, or hold honourable posts, take the title of Mirza ." Three consecutive titular kings of Shirvan , of

1020-582: The Shirvanshah Dynasty (present-day Azerbaijan ), adopted the title as well following the death of Gurban Ali . The hereditary title of Mirza was adopted by the nobility class of the Circassians . Idar of Kabardia , also known as "Mirza Haydar Temruk Bey", was the great-grandson of Prince Inal – Sultan of Egypt the founder of the "Temruk dynasty" of the Kabardian princes, known in Russia as

1088-558: The "Cherkassky" a Circassian princely family. Circassian nobility with the name Mirza include: Princely Issues: Under Catherine the Great , empress of Russia , the Mirzas gained equal rights with the Russian nobility due to their extreme wealth. Abdul Mirza was given the title Prince Yusupov , and his descendant Prince Felix Yusupov married Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia ,

1156-643: The 15th century as an appellative term for members of the Timurid dynasty , adopted in deference to their progenitor, the Central Asian conqueror Timur , who used Amir as his principal title. During the early Timurid period , Mirza preceded a prince's given name, therefore adhering to the Persian fashion, though subsequently the Turkish style was adopted, with the title instead being placed after. This

1224-667: The 1792 Treaty of Jassy (Iaşi) the Russian frontier expanded to the Dniester River and the Russian takeover of Yedisan was complete. The 1812 Treaty of Bucharest transferred Budjak to Russian control. After confiscating the land previously belonged to Nogais, the Russian government forced Nogais to settle through various methods, such as burning their tents and limiting their freedom of movement. The Russian general Alexander Suvorov slaughtered thousands of rebellious Kuban Nogais in 1783. Several Nogai tribes took refuge among

1292-642: The Aksu. A fierce and severe battle ensued in which Nogai was personally injured (losing an eye) and his army was forced to retreat. Abaqa pursued Nogai's army across the Kur, hoping to wipe it out, but Abaqa was forced to withdraw when Berke arrived with reinforcements. In 1265, Nogai led his army across the Danube , leading 20,000 soldiers into Byzantine territory. He routed the Byzantine forces before him, and devastated

1360-601: The Bulgarian throne, keeping Bulgaria a vassal of the Golden Horde. In the winter of 1285, Nogai and Talabuga Khan invaded Hungary with Mongol and Cuman troops, but unlike Subutai forty years earlier , they were defeated. They invaded on two fronts with a considerable army. Nogai had been told of the perilous political situation in Hungary by fleeing Cuman warriors (King Ladislaus IV's nobles were practically rebelling against him, and Hungary had just been weakened by

1428-514: The Byzantines, sections of the Bulgarian nobility, and Mongol raiding parties. The nobles subsequently elected George Terter I as emperor. Ivaylo decided to appeal to Nogai, personally appearing before him with a small group of followers asking the khan to make Ivaylo emperor again; Nogai at first received him warmly and invited him to a feast. But at the feast, with Ivaylo and Ivan Asen III seated to his sides, Nogai pointed at Ivaylo and said "He

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1496-465: The Caucasus in the 13th century. They, in a language, are affected with the Nogais and belong with them to the same branch (Nogai). Nogai Khan Nogai , or Noğay ( / n oʊ ˈ ɡ aɪ / ; also spelled Nogay , Nogaj , Nohai , Nokhai , Noqai , Ngoche , Noche , Kara Nokhai , and Isa Nogai ; died 1299/1300) was a general and kingmaker of the Golden Horde . His great grandfather

1564-574: The Crimean Khanate, areas under the control of the Ottoman Empire . Some Nogai groups sought the protection of the Russian garrison at Astrakhan . The remaining nomadic Turkic tribes became vassals of the Kalmyk khan. After the Russian annexation of Crimea in 1783, Slavic and other settlers occupied the Nogai pastoral land, since the Nogais did not have permanent residence. In the 1770s and 1780s

1632-530: The Crimean Khanate. Supporters of Yusuf took the name Qara , later named by Crimeans as Kichi ( Lesser Nogai Horde founded in 1557 by Mirza Kazy). Those who remained in present-day West Kazakhstan and the North Caucasus (Greater Nogai Horde) took the name Uly (Strong). About 500,000 Nogais migrated to present-day Turkey around the 16th century, after the fall of the Nogai Horde. They settled in

1700-616: The Golden Horde khanate for himself, preferring to act as a sort of kingmaker. He served under several Golden Horde Khans: Berke, Mengu-Timur , Tuda-Mengu , Talabuga, and Tokhta . Rashid Al-Din presents Nogai as both a capable general and as a wily old politician. He was content to remain a kingmaker and the power behind the throne, rather than seizing direct control of the Horde himself. Nogai self-consciously promoted Mongol ways, and took pride in his lineage. Despite this, his religious beliefs apparently followed his diplomatic needs; initially he

1768-575: The Hungarian royal army under Ladislaus IV of Hungary near Pest , and the retreating Mongol forces were ambushed by the Székelys , losing much of their invading force. Nogai was more successful than Talabuga, staying in Hungary into spring and retaining the bulk of his army, but still suffered several serious reverses at the hands of local Hungarian troops (primary Szekelys, Saxons, and Vlachs). He also failed to capture any major fortifications, with

1836-569: The Ilkhanate, attempting to seize the disputed territory of Azerbaijan. He failed, discrediting him and playing into the hands of his rival Nogai, who was still respected despite his own defeats in Transylvania. Nogai would remain a powerful ruler during Talabuga's brief term as khan of the Golden Horde. Nogai and Talabuga made a third raid against Poland in 1287/1288 but were defeated by a contingency of Eastern European armies. Following

1904-510: The Mongols at the time and sometimes presently as "nokhduud" as in "you dogs (guys/men/people)". Genghis Khan also called his capable generals "dogs of war" or "men of war". This probably came about because Mongols had a lot of dogs, which were very useful for people's lives in hunting and alerting them to danger. Thus dogs became a big part of nomadic life and also played a big part in their religion. According to British historian J. J. Saunders ,

1972-768: The Mughal Emperors, the title Mirza was also adopted by the Muslim Rajputs of Northern India. Many of the Rajput imperial families were descendants of ancient warriors, who strategically formed blood alliances with Mughal aristocracy. The Rajputs were rulers of princely states comprising vast territories of Northern India, including the Punjab Region , Kashmir and Rajasthan . Inter-marriage between Mughal aristocracy and Rajput aristocracy became very common and various factions of Rajput kingdoms embraced

2040-608: The Mīr' or 'child of the ruler'. Mīrzādeh in turn consists of the Arabic title Amīr (English: Emir ), meaning 'commander' and the Persian suffix -zādeh ( ـزاده , meaning 'son of' or 'lineage of'). Due to vowel harmony in Turkic languages , the alternative pronunciation Morza (plural morzalar ; derived from Persian ) is also used. Mirza first emerged during

2108-525: The Nogais were living as rogue clans and herders. There were two main chiefs: Yusuf Mirza and Ismail Mirza ( Bey of the Nogai Horde from 1555 to 1563). Yusuf Mirza supported joining the Ottomans. However, his brother Ismail Mirza, who was allied with the Russians, ambushed Yusuf and declared his chiefdom under Russian rule. After that, the supporters of Yusuf Mirza migrated to Crimea and Yedisan , joining

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2176-747: The Russian Empress Catherine the Great resettled approximately 120,000 Nogais from Bessarabia and areas northeast of the Sea of Azov to the Kuban and the Caucasus. In 1790, during the Russo-Turkish war , Prince Grigory Potemkin ordered the resettlement of some Nogai families from the Caucasus (where, he feared, they might defect to the Ottomans) to the north shore of the Sea of Azov. With

2244-467: The Terek River, cutting down a great many of them in an ambush. Hulegu rallied his men and a day-long battle ensued; the fighting was fierce, but the Golden Horde's initial advantage was too great. The Ilkhanate army was routed and many thousands of them were drowned while trying to flee, and the survivors fled back into Azerbaijan . This victory greatly enhanced Nogai's reputation in the Horde, and he

2312-478: The animal skins he usually wore outside of battle. Nogai did however slyly ask if the jewels and clothes could ward off lightning bolts, prevent headache, or promote good health, before praising the practicality of the dog skins his people wore. Berke died sometime in 1266. Despite his influence, Nogai did not try to seize rulership of the Golden Horde, settling for serving Mengu-Timur Khan. However he managed to exercise de facto control, with near-total control over

2380-715: The banks of the Irtysh River to the Lower Volga region. Various theories attempt to explain this move, but the generally accepted view is that the Kalmyks sought abundant pastures for their herds. They reached the Volga about 1630. That land, however, was not uncontested pasture, but rather the homeland of the Nogai Horde. The Kalmyks expelled the Nogais, who fled to the Northern Caucasian Plains and to

2448-517: The cities of Thrace . In 1266, the Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus , anxious to make an alliance, gave his daughter Euphrosyne Palaiologina to Nogai as a wife. He gave much valuable fabric to the Golden Horde as tribute, and became an ally of the Horde, principally dealing with it through Nogai instead of the official khan. He also gifted Nogai pearls, jewels, and valuable garments, temporarily causing Nogai to abandon

2516-623: The designated meeting spot accompanied by a large group of soldiers and Tokhta , as well as three sons of Mengu-Timur. While Nogai and Talabuga met, Nogai's men sprung out in an ambush, quickly capturing Talabuga and his supporters; Nogai, with the help of protégés, then strangled Talabuga to death. After this, he turned to the young Tokhta and said: "Talabuga has usurped the throne of your father, and your brothers who are with him have agreed to arrest you and put you to death. I deliver them up to you, and you may do with them as you will." Tokhta subsequently had them killed. For his role in placing Tokhta on

2584-594: The exception of the Saxon castle of Ban Mikod . Nogai's column never came into contact with the royal army, as his losses to the local Hungarian forces in the areas he operated in were sufficiently serious to convince him to retreat prematurely. His column was also ambushed by the Szekelys on the return. Overall the campaign was a severe defeat for the Golden Horde and one of Nogai's biggest setbacks; there would be no major incursions into Hungary after it, only raiding along

2652-509: The following cities: Şanlıurfa , Gaziantep , Kırşehir , Eskişehir , Adana , Kahramanmaraş , Afyon , Bursa . These Nogais do not speak the Nogai language anymore and some of them are not aware of their ancestry; however, their villages do have Nogai customs. At the beginning of the 17th century, the ancestors of the Kalmyks , the Oirats , migrated from the steppes of southern Siberia on

2720-522: The formation of the Crimean Tatars . They raised various herds and migrated seasonally in search of better pastures for their animals. Nogais were proud of their nomadic traditions and independence, which they considered superior to settled agricultural life. The recorded history of the Nogais first commenced when representatives of the Ottoman Empire reached the Terek–Kuma Lowland , where

2788-421: The frontier. Upon returning from their disastrous campaign in Hungary to the Horde's heartland in 1287, they found Tuda-Mengu Khan sunk in religious torpor. Later in the year, he relinquished the throne to his nephew, Talabuga. Eager to prove himself as a capable ruler and not a puppet of Nogai, and probably wanting to make up for his part of the loss in Hungary, Talabuga immediately launched an invasion against

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2856-469: The invasions of Poland and Circassia is held by 19th-century Russian historian Nikolay Karamzin to be a major reason for the heavy losses taken in those expeditions. In autumn of 1290, Talabuga, thinking Nogai was conspiring against him, decided to muster an army and march against his general. Nogai decided to feign ignorance, though he knew full well Talabuga's distaste for him; he also sent letters to Talabuga's mother, saying he had personal advice to give to

2924-414: The khan that he could only do alone, essentially requesting a formal meeting of princes. Talabuga's mother advised him to trust Nogai, and subsequently, Talabuga disbanded most of his forces and showed up for a meeting with Nogai with only a small retinue. According to Rashid Al-Din, Nogai received Talabuga warmly and feigned illness to appear more harmless. However, Nogai was duplicitous; he had arrived at

2992-813: The lands west of the Dnieper. In addition to his Turkic subjects he ruled the Ruthenians of Galicia-Volhynia , the Ossetians and part of the Vlachs directly. He also undertook his own foreign policy, sending envoys to the Mamluk Sultanate , forming marriage alliances with Byzantium and the Il-Khanate, and raiding various European kingdoms. In 1282, Nogai sent 4,000 Mongol soldiers to Constantinople , to help his father in law Emperor Michael suppress

3060-426: The mid-19th century, the Nogais living along the Black Sea northern coast were divided into the following sub-groups (west to east): The name Nogai derives from Nogai Khan (died 1299/1300, great-great-grandson of Genghis Khan ), a general of the Golden Horde (also called the Kipchak Khanate ). The Mongol tribe called the Manghits ( Manghut ) constituted a core of the Nogai Horde . The Nogai Horde supported

3128-463: The name "Dog" was used to distract the attention of evil spirits (presumably, they would not be interested in a canine). The Mongols sometimes referred to the wolf as a "steppe dog". Nogai was born to Tatar (Tutar), a son of Terval who was a son of Jochi . He would rule his grandfather's appanage after his father died. After the Mongol invasion of Europe , Batu Khan left Nogai with a tumen (10,000 warriors) in modern-day Moldavia and Romania as

3196-433: The only niece of Tsar Nicholas II . The title Mirza was borne by an imperial prince. It was adopted as part of ones name, implying relationship to the Mongol dynasties like the Mughal dynasty (the Imperial House of Timur ). In the traditional naming sequence of the Indian royal families, the title can be placed both before the name and after it, such as Prince Mirza Mughal or Prince Kamran Mirza . Prince Khusrau Mirza

3264-453: The plain of Nerghi in 1297, halfway between Nogai's lands and Tokhta's. One day's rest later, a hard battle ensued lasting most of the day, in which Nogai and Tokhta both personally distinguished themselves in battle (despite the former's age). In the end, Nogai was victorious in spite of his numerical disadvantage. Reportedly, 60,000 of Tokhta's men were killed (nearly a third of his army), but Tokhta himself managed to escape. However, Tokhta

3332-671: The policy of trading rights for the Genoese and Venetian cities in Crimea. Two years after Nogai installed Tokhta, their rivalry came to a head and Tokhta set out to gather his supporters for a war against Nogai. Tokhta, with more control over the eastern portions of the empire, managed to gather a massive force, larger than Nogai's but reportedly less able at arms owing to the experience of Nogai's men in their wars in Europe. Marco Polo, drawing from Mongol sources, states that Nogai assembled 15 tumens (150,000 men) and Tokhta assembled 20 tumens (200,000 men), but these numbers are likely exaggerated. The two rulers made camp ten miles from each other on

3400-427: The ports of Feodosia or Kerch , or by crossing via the Budjak steppes to Dobruja. 50,000 of the roughly 70,000 Nogais of the Kuban and adjacent Stavropol region left Russia for the Ottoman Empire during this period. They induced the Nogais of Crimea (who lived in the districts of Yevpatoria , Perekop and in the north of Simferopol ) to emigrate too. 300,000 Crimean Tatars (which included Nogais) left Crimea in

3468-440: The rebels headed by John I Doukas of Thessaly . But Michael died and Andronikos II used the allied troops to fight against Serbia. In 1271 and 1274, Nogai led raids against Bulgaria and Byzantium. In the first raid, the East Roman Emperor Michael VIII avoided the battle and offered his daughter as wife for Nogai In 1277, a popular movement led by Ivaylo of Bulgaria gained the support of many soldiers and nobles and defeated

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3536-418: The second major Mongol raid against Poland , undertaken to pay for Berke's war against Hulegu. Here Nogai distinguished himself and plundered Sandomierz , Kraków and other cities. Nogai's father Tatar died when he was serving under Hulegu . In 1262, a civil war broke out between the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate, with Berke and Hulagu supporting separate claimants for the title of khagan. Nogai Khan

3604-726: The throne, Nogai received the revenues of the Crimean trade cities. Nogai then beheaded many of the Mongol nobles who were supporters of Talabuga, in order to consolidate the rule of his supposed puppet khan. Tokhta was declared khan in early 1291. However, Tokhta would prove a more headstrong ruler than either Tuda-Mengur or Talabuga. Nogai and Tokhta soon found themselves embroiled in a deadly rivalry; while they cooperated in raids against rebellious Rus' principalities, they remained in competition. Tokhta's father-in-law and wife often complained that Nogai seemed to consider himself superior to Tokhta, and Nogai repeatedly rejected any demands Tokhta made of him to attend his court. They also disagreed over

3672-461: The title of tsar , and the Franciscan missionaries in the Crimea spoke of him as a co-emperor. Nogai was also a notable convert to Islam in 1271. French historian Paul Pelliot wrote that Nokhai meant "dog". Although in the Mongolian language , "nokhoi" (in Mongolian script : ᠨᠣᠬᠠᠢ , nokhai ) literally means a "dog", it does not necessarily mean a particularly negative and insulting name in its context, since people were called "dogs" among

3740-445: The unsuccessful raid on Poland, Nogai and Talabuga made another expedition, this time into Circassia . There they pillaged and killed at will. However, on their return to their winter quarters, heavy snows caused Talabuga's army to get lost on the return and suffer greatly. Nogai's army made their way to winter quarters safe and sound. Talabuga blamed this on Nogai. Nogai and Talabuga had never gotten along, and their quarrelling during

3808-447: The various Persian Empires , the Nogai Horde , Shirvanshahs and Circassians of the European Caucasus, the Mughals / Moguls and Muslim Rajputs of the Indian Subcontinent. It was also a title bestowed upon members of the highest aristocracies in Tatar states, such as the Khanates of Kazan and Astrakhan . The original title Mīrzā or Merzāh is derived from the Persian term Mīrzādeh which literally means 'child of

3876-415: The villages of Kotlovyna, Kosa, Krynychne, Karakurt, Oksamytne, Ozerne, Topolyne, Tabaky, Zaliznychne, and Vladychen. They also inhabit the towns of Bolhrad and Kubei. They also inhabit the cities of Izmail and Tatarbunary . Nogai minorities also live in Bulgaria, mainly in Northeast and Southeast planning regions. A minority also lives in Haskovo province . The number of Nogais living in Turkey today

3944-416: The year 1860. Similarly, 50,000 Nogais disappeared from southern Ukraine by 1861. Other Nogai clans emigrated directly from the Caucasus to Anatolia, together with the Circassians . Nogais lived alongside German-speaking Mennonites in the Molochna region of southern Ukraine from 1803, when the Mennonites first arrived there, until 1860, when the Nogais were deported. Kumyks, like the Nogais, appeared in

4012-404: Was Jochi , son of Genghis Khan . Though he never formally ruled the Golden Horde himself, he was effectively the co-ruler of the state alongside whatever khan was in power at the time and had unrestricted control over the portions west of the Dnieper . At his height, Nogai was one of the most powerful men in Europe and widely thought of as the Horde's true head. The Russian chroniclers gave him

4080-453: Was a Nogaysky District, Republic of Dagestan and from 2007 a Nogaysky District, Karachay-Cherkess Republic . A few thousand Nogais live in Dobruja (today in Romania ), in the town of Mihail Kogălniceanu (Karamurat) and villages of Lumina (Kocali), Valea Dacilor (Hendekkarakuyusu), Cobadin (Kubadin). A few thousand Bug-Nogais live in Budjak (today in Ukraine ), and they are concentrated mainly in southwest Budjak . They live in

4148-405: Was a devout Tengrist , like most of the Golden Horde, and remained one even after Berke's conversion to Islam. Later on, in a letter to Egypt in 1271, he claimed to have converted to Islam, and his name was included on a list of converts sent by Berke to the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in 1263. Yet in 1288 he presented Buddhist relics to the Il-Khan Arghun. One of Nogai's wives, Yailaq, regularly visited

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4216-453: Was already a trusted lieutenant of Berke. In August 1264, the war effectively ended when Kublai Khan was crowned khagan with the acknowledgement of Berke, Hulegu, and Chagatai. However the war was renewed between the Golden Horde and Ilkhanate in 1265. Nogai was given the task of leading an invasion of the Ilkhanate, now ruled by Hulegu's successor Abaqa Khan . He invaded Persia and plundered some areas before being met in battle by Abaqa on

4284-415: Was continued by later rulers such as the Aq Qoyunlus , Safavids , Ottomans and Mughals . Originally restricted to only kings and princes, the title eventually spread among other social groups, though only the former could have it placed after their given name. During the 16th century, the Safavids conferred it upon high-ranking viziers such as Mirza Shah Hossein and Mirza Ata-Allah Isfahani . By

4352-432: Was given a high role in the army of the Golden Horde; Rashid Al-Din describes him as Berke's "commander-in-chief". He had a command of 30,000 men. He was first charged with raiding along the frontier into the territory of the Ilkhanate ; Nogai made multiple reconnaissances in force into the Caucasus region, drawing Hulegu north with the bulk of his forces. He annihilated an advance guard under Shiramun, and raided as far as

4420-426: Was named Yailaq, along with the Byzantine princess Euphrosyne. Chubei was described by Rashid Al-Din as "clever and competent". Nogai had two sons by Chubei: Joge (the eldest) and Tige. He had one son named Torai by Yailaq. He also had a daughter named Quiyaq. He had another wife named Alaka with which he had another son, Chaka , who ruled as the tsar of Bulgaria from 1299 to 1300. He was also close friends with Mankus,

4488-405: Was not yet finished. After a few years he managed to reform his army and raise a larger host with which he confronted Nogai deep within Nogai's own territory, at Kahamlyk  [ uk ] (Kagamlik), near the Dnieper. Here in 1299 or 1300, Tokhta finally prevailed, with his army defeating Nogai's. Nogai's sons escaped the battle with 1,000 horsemen, while Nogai was found fleeing with 17 when he

4556-436: Was the grandson of Emperor Babur ( Babur Mirza), son of Emperor Jahangir and a brother of Emperor Shah Jahan . Emperor Akbar Shah II was known as Prince Mirza Akbar before his coronation. Emperor Babur took the imperial title of Badshah on 6 March 1508, before which he used the title Mirza . The archaic Bengali form of Mirza was Mridha in Bengal and Bihar . Originally being adversaries and opponents to

4624-486: Was wounded by a Russian soldier in the service of Tokhta. He said: "I am Nogai. Take me to Toqta, who is the Khan." The soldier killed Nogai and brought his head to Tokhta. This enraged Tokhta, angered that a Mongol prince's blood had been shed (he planned to execute Nogai in a bloodless manner in keeping with tradition), had the soldier put to death. Nogai's sons were hunted down and executed soon after. Despite his power and prowess in battle, Nogai never attempted to seize

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