Misplaced Pages

#294705

147-545: The Nissan GT-R ( Gran Turismo–Racing ; model code: R35 ; Japanese: 日産・GT-R; Nissan GT-R ) is a car built by Japanese marque Nissan since 2007. It has a 2+2 seating layout and is considered both a sports car and a grand tourer . The engine is front-mid mounted and drives all four wheels . It succeeds the Nissan Skyline GT-R , a high-performance variant of the Nissan Skyline . Although this model

294-434: A Triumph Spitfire and Ferrari 488 Pista can be considered sports cars, despite vastly different levels of performance. Broader definitions of sports cars include cars "in which performance takes precedence over carrying capacity", or that emphasise the "thrill of driving" or are marketed "using the excitement of speed and the glamour of the (race)track" However, other people have more specific definitions, such as "must be

441-516: A V6 engine for ideal weight distribution. Nissan's chief powertrain engineer, Naoki Nakada, spearheaded the development of the brand-new VR38DETT 3.8L twin-turbocharged V6 engine, which is an evolution of the VQ engine . To achieve the initial goal of creating a user-friendly car with exceptional performance, a unique combination of typical road-going production car aerodynamics and race car-like aerodynamics had to be developed. This challenge arose from

588-649: A curb weight of 1,740–1,785 kg (3,837–3,935 lb) distributed 54 percent to the front and 46 percent to the rear, providing greater stability. The car is the first and so far the only model built on the Premium Midship (PM) platform, an evolution of the Front Midship (FM) architecture introduced in the Skyline (V35) . Its chassis utilizes hybrid unibody construction using a combination of steel, carbon fibre, and die-cast aluminium. It primarily uses

735-497: A knurling around the inside of the rim in order to keep the tyres from slipping on the rim due to heavy acceleration and braking. Brakes are Brembo monoblock six-piston ventilated brake callipers with 390 mm (15.35 in) rotors at the front, and four-piston callipers with 381 mm (15.0 in) rotors in the rear. They are full floating, cross drilled two piece rotors, fitted with low steel and high stiffness brake pads. Carbon ceramic brake rotors were offered in some of

882-454: A 0.15 mm (0.0059 in) layer of plasma transferred wire arc sprayed cylinder bores, reducing friction for the piston rings to slide on when the piston moves up and down during the power cycle. Two parallel Ishikawajima-Harima (IHI) turbochargers provide forced induction, boosting more than 0.7   bar and its turbine housing is integrated into the exhaust manifolds to minimize lag, decrease weight and improve vehicle balance. The engine

1029-411: A 1.5 way multi-disc mechanical limited-slip differential does so in the rear. In addition to these mechanical components, the car is also capable of managing slip angles. Automatically braking either of the front wheels occurs when slip is detected in order to send power to the other front wheel, so as to mimic the functionality of a mechanical limited slip differential. The Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC),

1176-566: A 315-litre rear boot, an under body made out of carbon-fibre panels, smoothens the air flow under the car. The car is fitted with LED headlights, automatic on/off headlights, LED daytime running lights, LED taillights and brake lights, dual-heated body-colour power wing mirrors, power-folding side mirrors, flush-mounted aluminium door handles, four 5-inch titanium exhaust outlets with polished tips and UV-reducing solar glass. The GT-R generates more than 80 kg (176 lb) of downforce at 300 km/h (186 mph) on both ends, while maintaining

1323-571: A 911 Turbo, which served as the benchmark to beat during the development of the GT-R. At the end of the session, he complimented the team for their effort to build the car in the way he imagined. During a test session at the Nürburgring, Nissan invited automotive magazine journalists from magazines in the likes of Car and Driver and Evo to test drive both the GT-R and 911 Turbo around the track, Autobahn and on country roads. Journalists praised

1470-453: A DualShock 4 controller, it demonstrated remarkable speed and agility. Although the GT-R is heavy and bulky compared to its competitors, its innovative all-wheel-drive system and active suspension utilize the weight to its advantage. The unconventional body design maximizes downforce and minimizes drag , resulting in exceptional acceleration, cornering and handling capabilities. Many automotive publications have expressed, "the GT-R defies

1617-545: A Nismo-tuned suspension, carbon-fibre components, and increased downforce, the Nismo edition demonstrated improved performance and reduced weight. The 2019 update further refined the model, enhancing acceleration, handling, and reducing overall weight by 25 kg. In 2023, the GT-R Nismo received significant performance upgrades for the 2024 model year. Notable improvements included a front mechanical limited-slip differential,

SECTION 10

#1732780642295

1764-470: A Nissan model. Nissan unveiled the GT-R concept without prior notice at the 35th Tokyo Motor Show in 2001. Previewed as the 21st-century GT-R, Nissan confirmed the production version will be sold worldwide unlike its predecessors, which were sold only in a limited number of markets. The concept car featured an aggressive, muscular, wide and low exterior look. The interior featured a deep seating position, full-length centre console, integrated structural cage and

1911-516: A block made out of cast aluminium, has a feedback control system which changes air fuel ratio depending on the engine load which reduces fuel consumption. Fully equipped with catalytic converters, turbochargers, engine accessories, front differential assembly and turbo outlet pipes, the engine weighs 276 kg (608 lb). Notable features of the VR38DETT include, The engines are hand built by five trained mechanics called " Takumi Craftsmen " in

2058-488: A boxy body design. Despite being a bulkier body design compared to its rivals, it provides high- downforce and less– drag through its smoother air flow over the overall body. Up front, NACA ducts were placed on the hood, which scoops in clean air in order cool the engine compartment. Side front fender air vents also improves the airflow around the tyres, while cooling the engine. Front bumper edges are sharpened and features air ducts and vents to improve downforce while cooling

2205-426: A comparatively affordable price point. From a design standpoint, Ghosn sought to preserve a distinctive feature from its predecessors; four round taillights, which he considered the signature design element of all GT-R models. Development commenced in 2000, with Nissan designers from Japan, United States and Europe generating a multitude of sketches. Out of these, 50 designs reached the desk of Nissan's design director at

2352-399: A controversial choice for a "purist" sports car. The Elan sold poorly and was discontinued after three years. The 1996 Lotus Elise , a mid-engined, rear-wheel drive roadster, was much more successful and remained in production until 2021. Roadsters enjoyed a resurgence in the mid-1990s, including the 1989-present Mazda MX-5 , the 1995-2002 BMW Z3 (succeeded by the 2002-2016 BMW Z4 ),

2499-439: A conventional steel monocoque but with Alcoa aluminium subframes and suspensions. The door frames are die-cast aluminium, and the bumpers are made of lightweight polypropylene. The front cross-member, radiator support and rear diffuser are made of carbon-fibre to strengthen the structure and reduce weight. Many body panels are made of aluminium sheets, such as the bonnet, boot lid and door shells. Outer body panels are stamped using

2646-405: A drag coefficient of  C d =0.26–0.27. Becoming the first production car to feature such an aerodynamic efficiency. The GT-R has a hand stitched premium leather interior, embedded on the dashboard, steering wheel, door panels, centre console and seats. Motor Trend claimed the car has one of the most finely crafted interiors despite its marginally lower price. Carbon-fibre is used in

2793-463: A driver's command centre. Nissan unveiled a redesigned version of the concept car, the GT-R Proto, at the 2005 Tokyo Motor Show . It featured redesigned exterior elements over the concept car to improve overall airflow and reveal the identity of the car. These elements included a redesigned front air intake, front fenders with air vents behind them and the sides of the body were sculptured towards

2940-412: A dust proof, temperature controlled room at Nissan's Yokohama plant. Names of these mechanics are badged on every engine built. Each engine takes approximately 8.3 hours and 300 components to be fully assembled. Approximately 13 engines are built every day in a single shift. The cars are built at Tochigi plant on a shared production line. End of the production process, every single GT-R is test driven by

3087-423: A fixed roof (which were previously considered grand tourers ). Attributing the definition of 'sports car' to any particular model can be controversial or the subject of debate among enthusiasts. Authors and experts have often contributed their ideas to capture a definition. Insurance companies have also attempted to use mathematical formulae to categorise sports cars, often charging more for insurance due to

SECTION 20

#1732780642295

3234-468: A joint project between Nissan Russia and LAV Productions, the 2012 model year GT-R set an unofficial national ice speed record for a production car at the Lake Baikal , in southern Siberia, Russia. The record was set by Russian racing driver Roman Rusinov , with a trap speed of 294.8 km/h (183 mph). This lake is considered as the deepest lake of the world . According to Nissan, the record car

3381-691: A launch mode called "R-Mode Start". Enabled by pushing the three buttons up, transmission, suspension and VDC. The system allows a maximum of 4 consecutive hard launches before locking itself out, after which can be unlocked by driving normally for 2.4 km (1.5 miles). Combined with the "R-Mode Start", the GT-R retained its original performance, which set the Guinness World Record for the fastest accelerating four-seater production vehicle. Nissan offered numerous upgrades for later model years, which saw significant improvements in acceleration figures, top speed, and Nürburgring lap times. In 2013, in

3528-682: A modified exhaust system which boosts rated power to 390 kW (530 PS; 523 hp) at 6,400 rpm and 607 N⋅m (448 lb⋅ft) of torque from 3,200 to 6,000 rpm. The chassis was stiffened by a more rigid front strut bar made out of carbon composite. Larger front brake rotors, lighter and stiffer wheels, and revised Dunlop tyres reduced unsprung weight by 12 kg (26.5 lb). The suspensions contained stiffer springs, dampers and anti-roll bars and revised geometry to improve grip, new dampers provided more constant damping force. Cosmetic changes reduced its drag coefficient to C d =0.26 and increased overall downforce by 10 percent. Achieved by

3675-483: A multiple-strike coining process in order to add rigidity and precision. The car is fitted with an active suspension system, called "DampTronic", which contains Bilstein designed electronic adaptive dampers and manufactured by Yorozu Corporation. Onboard computers adjust the suspension components every one hundredth of a second, evenly distributing the mass for all four wheels and maximizing tyre contact for better grip, under heavy acceleration, braking and cornering. It

3822-523: A power-to-weight ratio of under 4 kg (9 lb) per horsepower and a lap time at the Nürburgring under 8 minutes. Notable mechanical designs and concepts, including the Brembo brakes system and the Bilstein suspension setup, were conceived and developed by Mizuno himself. Initial plans for the GT-R involved a straight-6 engine, consistent with its predecessors. However, the decision was made to opt for

3969-399: A pressed-steel chassis, a gated 4-speed transmission, pushrod-actuated overhead inlet valves , a honeycomb radiator, low-tension magneto ignition , a long wheelbase, a low center of mass and a very effective suspension system. The overall result was a "safe and well-balanced machine" with a higher performance than any other contemporary production car. At the 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup ,

4116-427: A production Simplex 60 hp was entered only due to a specially-built 90 hp racing car being destroyed in a fire; the 60 hp famously went on to win the race. The 1910 Austro-Daimler 27/80 is another early sports car which had success in motor racing. The 27/80 was designed by Ferdinand Porsche , who drove the car to victory in the 1910 Prince Henry Tour motor race. The Vauxhall and Austro-Daimler —like

4263-493: A professional driver around Nissan's test track. The GT-R is the first ever rear mounted independent transaxle all-wheel-drive vehicle. The transaxle consists of the transmission, clutches, centre and rear differential. Placed on the rear axle, it helps balance the weight of the engine up front and improves the front-to-rear weight distribution to 54:46. Transmission of the car is an exclusively developed, six-speed BorgWarner co-designed GR6Z30A type dual-clutch transmission . It

4410-405: A quarter-mile time of 11.6 seconds. It was the quickest production car they had ever tested. The car was capable of achieving much superior performance figures in tests conducted by other automotive magazines. Owners expressed concerns that duplicating the times achieved in these tests would void their factory warranty. Mizuno indicated that he has never used the term "launch control", which refers to

4557-457: A revised front bumper with integrated LEDs , improving radiator cooling and front brakes cooling while reducing drag. The revised rear diffuser improved downforce and additional rear cooling ducts were placed for further brake cooling. The interior improved quality and comfort. Offered with a new HDD CarWings navigation system, with enhanced entertainment features and a USB port with iPod connectivity. Engine noise and road noise were reduced, and

Nissan GT-R - Misplaced Pages Continue

4704-532: A short period of time to optimize airflow and minimize drag. Lotus Engineering's road-rolling wind tunnel in the United Kingdom, was also used during the process. Over one and a half years of development, involving more than 2000 wind tunnel test runs, the engineers ultimately achieved a visually appealing exterior with a drag coefficient of C d =0.27 combined with front and rear downforce. It took engineers and designers more than six years to complete

4851-585: A swan neck rear wing, revised aerodynamics, and carbon-fibre bucket seats. Additionally, the Nismo Appearance Package introduced exclusive exterior features. The GT-R T-spec, launched in 2021, offered exclusive upgrades and changes, drawing inspiration from the first GT-R concept. Available in Millennium Jade and Midnight Purple exterior colours, it featured performance enhancements, including carbon-ceramic brakes, wider front fenders,

4998-468: A team of the company's best engineers, including Yoshitaka Suzuka, the renowned developer of Nissan's successful Le Mans prototypes. The process began with an internal design competition among Nissan's design studios located in Atsugi, Tokyo, London, and La Jolla. Over 80 sketches were submitted, aligning with the original styling concepts. Subsequently, 12 distinct sketches were created by design elements from

5145-556: A two-seater or a 2+2 seater" or a car with two seats only. In the United Kingdom, early recorded usage of the "sports car" was in The Times newspaper in 1919. The first known use of the term in the United States was in 1928. Sports cars started to become popular during the 1920s. The term initially described two-seat roadsters (cars without a fixed roof), however, since the 1970s the term has also been used for cars with

5292-587: A unique carbon-fibre roof, and interior refinements. Several special editions, such as the SpecV, Egoist, Gentleman Edition, Midnight Opal Special Edition, 45th Anniversary Gold Edition, GT-R50, Naomi Osaka Edition, 50th Anniversary Edition, and Nismo Special Edition, highlighted unique designs, limited production runs, and commemorated milestones in the GT-R's history. Each edition featured distinctive characteristics, ranging from performance upgrades to exclusive cosmetic enhancements. Multiple one-off editions, including

5439-464: A world-class performance car from this platform as Ghosn requested." In April 2003, Mizuno constructed a GT-R prototype on an advanced iteration of the FM platform known as the Premium Midship (PM) platform. Ghosn granted Mizuno full authority over development and designated him as the chief engineer for the upcoming GT-R. At the 2003 Tokyo Motor Show , Ghosn confirmed that the production version would debut in

5586-494: Is a type of car that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling , acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world. Definitions of sports cars often relate to how the car design is optimised for dynamic performance, without any specific minimum requirements; both

5733-452: Is an iconic sports car of the early 1960s, due to its attractive styling and claimed top speed of 241 km/h (150 mph). The E-type was produced for 14 years and was initially powered by a six-cylinder engine, followed by a V12 engine for the final generation. In 1962, the MG B introduced a new era of affordable lightweight four-cylinder roadsters. The MG B used a unibody construction and

5880-503: Is angled towards the driver, featuring air conditioning controls, audio set-up controls and drive mode selectors. Centre console features the engine start/off button, leather–wrapped shift liver, parking brake and an armrest with a small storage area inside and a USB port. The car is fitted with an 11-speaker Bose sound system. Polyphony Digital , creators of the Gran Turismo motor racing video games, were contracted to design

6027-485: Is hand built by Takumi Craftsmen in a specialized room, similar to the engine assembly room at Nissan's Aichi Kikai plant in Nagoya . Shifting gears in just 0.15–0.2 seconds, it is one of the fastest gear shifting transmissions fitted to a production vehicle. Nissan claimed they chose a DCT over the traditional manual transmission because of its significant performance advantage, high demand, better fuel efficiency, favouring

Nissan GT-R - Misplaced Pages Continue

6174-499: Is identified as CBA-R35 initially and later as DBA-R35 and 4BA-R35 for subsequent model years, or simply R35 for short (where CBA, DBA, and 4BA denote the emissions standard prefix). The car also preserves the nickname of its predecessor, Godzilla , a moniker originally given by the Australian motoring publication Wheels in 1989 for its R32 generation model. In 2000, as per request of CEO Carlos Ghosn , Nissan embarked on

6321-406: Is notable for using a three-seat layout, where the front row consists of a centrally-located driver's seat. The location of the engine and driven wheels significantly influence the handling characteristics of a car and are therefore crucial in the design of a sports car. Traditionally, most sports cars have used rear-wheel drive with the engine either located at the front ( FR layout ) or in

6468-405: Is offered with three different modes: "R-mode" for performance driving conditions such as on track and dragstrip, lowering traction control sensitivity but does not fully turn off, "Normal-mode" for daily driver use, and "Off-mode" which turns off both traction control and electronic stability control entirely, recommended for skilled driver's hardcore driving, such as for time attacks. The GT-R has

6615-496: Is offered worldwide, unlike its predecessors which were sold in a limited number of markets. It received various facelifts and updates to be up to date with the competition, and several special editions were also offered during its prolonged production span. The car is used in motorsports , notably winning championships in the FIA GT1 World Championship , Super GT and in various GT3 racing series, including

6762-582: Is powered by the VR38DETT engine, a 3,799 cc (3.8 L; 231.8 cu in) 60° degree DOHC V6 engine – which is shorter than other V6 engines and benefits weight distribution. The engine is based on the VQ engine , but thoroughly modified to improve performance and suit the car. It featured the innovative hybrid wet / dry -sump pressurized lubrication system, controlled thermostatically to withstand high g-force and closed-deck construction increase stiffness. Cast iron cylinder liners are replaced by

6909-464: The ATTESA E-TS Pro all-wheel-drive system, making it the first ever rear mounted independent transaxle all-wheel-drive vehicle. It is one of the first production cars to feature launch control and a dual-clutch transmission as well. The overall body is made out of steel, aluminium and carbon-fibre . In 2009 it set a record for the fastest accelerating 4-seater production car. The GT-R

7056-520: The Audi RS 2 Avant . Ford Europe withdrew from the sports car market at the end of 1986 when the Capri was discontinued after a production run of nearly two decades. There was no direct successor, as Ford was concentrating on higher-performance versions of its hatchback and saloon models at the time. In 1989, a new generation of Lotus Elan roadster was released which used a front-wheel drive layout,

7203-541: The BMW 303 , Citroën Traction Avant and Fiat 508 — offered similar handling and comfort to the more expensive sports cars. Powerful, reliable, and economical (although softly suspended) American saloons began to be imported to Europe in significant numbers. Sports car ownership was increased through models such as the Austin 7 and Wolseley Hornet six , however many of these sports cars did not offer any performance upgrades over

7350-623: The Bentley Speed Six (1928-1930), with the former famously described by Bugatti's founder as "the fastest lorry in the world". Between the Great Depression and the World War II the pre-war era was a period of decline in importance for sports car manufacturers, although the period was not devoid of advances, for example streamlining . Cheap, light-weight family sedans with independent front suspension— such as

7497-585: The GT World Challenge . It is well received among enthusiasts and automotive publications as well, British motor magazine Top Gear named it as "one of the most incredible cars of any kind ever built", due its exceptional performance and practicality given at an affordable price. Being one of the fastest production cars , it has won numerous notable accolades such as the World Performance Car of The Year among many others. Sales in

SECTION 50

#1732780642295

7644-520: The Jensen FF became the first sports car to use all-wheel drive . The Ford Capri is a 2+2 coupe that was produced from 1968 to 1986 and intended to be a smaller European equivalent of the Ford Mustang. A main rival to the Capri was Opel Manta , which was produced from 1970 to 1988. The 1973-1978 Lancia Stratos was a mid-engined two-seat coupe that was powered by a Ferrari V6 engine. This

7791-493: The MID4 concept vehicle (1985), was a passive system which steered the rear wheels up to 0.5° in phase with the front wheels at speeds greater than 30 km/h (19 mph). Because the passive system essentially compresses the rubber suspension bushings, the resulting angle of rear-wheel steering is relatively small. The power steering pump supplies pressure through two regulating valves to two spring-loaded hydraulic actuators on

7938-573: The Nissan Revival Plan . Overall development began in 2000, following seven years of development and testing, including the introduction of two concept models in 2001 and 2005. The production version of the GT-R was unveiled at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show . The GT-R is a brand-new car built on the PM platform, and featured innovative concepts and technologies, such as advanced aerodynamics , the VR38DETT engine, an active suspension system and

8085-458: The multifunction display . It features a detailed log of the driving behavior, speed, g-force, fuel economy and more. Details of mechanical information such as the turbo boost, water and engine oil pressure, transmission oil, front and rear drive distribution, steering angles, braking and acceleration pressure, and optimal gearshift mapping for better fuel economy, satellite navigation and audio controls as well. The GT-R Black Edition, introduced as

8232-403: The 1905 Isotta Fraschini Tipo D, the 1906 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost , the 1908 Delage , the 1910 Bugatti Type 13 , and the 1912 DFP 12/15 . Early motor racing events included the 1903 Paris–Madrid race , the 1905-1907 Herkomer Trophy, the 1908-1911 Prince Henry Tour and the 1911–present Monte Carlo Rally . The Prince Henry Tours (which were similar to modern car rallies) were among

8379-495: The 1921 Coppa Florio . Another approach— such as that used by Morris Garages— was to convert touring cars into sports cars. The first 24 Hours of Le Mans race for sports cars was held in 1923, although the two-seat sports cars only competed in the smallest class, with the majority of cars entered being four-seat fast touring cars. "This race, together with the Tourist Trophy Series of Races , organised after

8526-404: The 1948 Ferrari 166 S . A new concept altogether was the modern Gran Turismo class from Italy, which was in effect unknown before the war: sustained high-speed motoring from relatively modest engine size and compact closed or berlinetta coachwork. The 1947 Maserati A6 1500 two-seat berlinetta was the first production model from Maserati. In Germany, the motor industry was devastated by

8673-499: The 1980 Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft and Giro d'Italia automobilistico marathon. The Montecarlo was a basis for the silhouette racing car , Lancia Rally 037 . In the 1970s, turbocharging began to be adopted by sports cars, such as the BMW 2002 Turbo in 1973, the first Porsche 911 Turbo in 1975, and the Saab 99 Turbo in 1978. Turbocharging became increasingly popular in the 1980s, from relatively affordable coupes such as

8820-452: The 1980–1986 Renault Fuego and 1992–1996 Rover 220 Coupé Turbo , to expensive supercars such as the 1984-1987 Ferrari 288 GTO and 1987-1992 Ferrari F40 . In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several manufacturers developed supercars that competed for production car top speed records . These cars included the 1986–1993 Porsche 959 , 1991–1995 Bugatti EB 110 , 1992–1994 Jaguar XJ220 and 1993–998 McLaren F1 . The 1980-1995 Audi Quattro

8967-506: The 1990s, all-wheel drive has become more common in sports cars. All-wheel drive offers better acceleration and favorable handling characteristics (especially in slippery conditions), but is often heavier and more mechanically complex than traditional layouts. Examples of all-wheel drive sports cars are the Lamborghini Huracan , Bugatti Veyron , and Nissan GT-R . Rear engine layouts are not typical for sports cars, with

SECTION 60

#1732780642295

9114-569: The 1995-2002 MG F , the 1996–present Porsche Boxster and the 1998–present Audi TT . HICAS Unlike many other four wheel steering systems, HICAS and Super HICAS are fitted to improve handling rather than just as a parking aid. Disabling or removing HICAS has become a popular aftermarket modification, with proponents citing more predictable steering behavior as an advantage. However, after disabling HICAS, it has been noted that slow maneuvers including parking and quick response steering seemed more difficult. The versions are distinguished by

9261-633: The 2023 model year. Skipping the previous model year, the car was only offered in North America. No changes were reported compared to the previous model. The car received its third facelift in 2023, for the 2024 model year, introduced at the 2023 Tokyo Auto Salon . Nissan claimed the facelifted version would be limited to an unspecified number, and it was mainly offered only for the Japanese, North American, and selected markets, with three trim levels, Premium, Nismo and T-spec. The Track Edition variant

9408-471: The Australian market were ceased due to new side impact regulations . In the European market, including the United Kingdom were similarly suspended, due to newly implemented noise regulations . Currently, the car is primarily available in North America, Japan, and some markets. Between 1969 and 1974, and again between 1989 and 2002, Nissan produced a high performance version of its Nissan Skyline coupe,

9555-590: The GT-R Bolt Edition, Nismo Fastest Drift record car, Predzilla, Tomica 50th Anniversary GT-R, and a collaboration with McDonald's in Japan, showcased the GT-R's adaptability for special occasions, charity events, and collaborations. The GT-R/C, developed to celebrate Gran Turismo Sport's release and Nissan's two-decade involvement in the gaming series, featured extensive modifications for remote control operation. Driven by Nismo athlete Jann Mardenborough using

9702-399: The GT-R Nismo's drivetrain, delivering increased power, improved acceleration, and a refined independent suspension setup. Notably, it was 25 kg lighter than the standard GT-R. The GT-R Nismo, introduced in 2014, was a higher-powered and track-focused model. With larger turbochargers, revised ignition timing, and aerodynamic enhancements, it produced 600 PS and 652 Nm of torque. Featuring

9849-450: The GT-R diverges significantly. Notably, the GT-R omits the HICAS four-wheel-steering system, with engineers recognizing its incompatibility with the advanced all-wheel-drive setup, which would compromise the car's performance. The previous straight-6 RB26DETT engine is succeeded by the VR38DETT engine. Another continuity from its predecessor is the chassis code; the all-new version

9996-608: The GT-R for its exceptional grip, handling and acceleration. End of overall testing in September 2007, Mizuno and team recorded a lap time of 7:38.54 minutes around the Nürburgring Nordschleife in damp conditions, claimed the car would have set a much quicker lap time on ideal track conditions. Following the introduction of the production version, the team continued development and testing to provide further upgrades for later model years. The production version of

10143-519: The GT-R was unveiled at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show as confirmed, following an on-screen 7:38.54 minute lap time in damp conditions around the Nürburgring Nordschleife was broadcast, beating the benchmark Porsche 911 Turbo 's time of 7:40 minutes. Nissan called it the record for the fastest lap time for a mass-produced car. The car was previewed as " A supercar, for Anyone, Anywhere, Anytime ". In November, 2007, Nissan revealed that

10290-467: The GT-R, is a different implementation to the version used in Skyline GT-R models. Unlike the previous versions which relied heavily on mechanical feedback, this updated system uses hydraulically actuated clutches and electronic sensors. This system is a rear biased all-wheel-drive system, providing incredible handling and stability at high speeds. In normal conditions, it provides 100 percent power to

10437-468: The Mercedes Simplex 60 hp— were production fast touring cars. The 1912 Hispano-Suiza Alfonso XIII is also considered one of the earliest sports cars, as it was a "purpose built, high performance, two-seater production automobile". The model was named after King Alfonso XIII of Spain , a patron of the car's chief designer and an enthusiast for the marque. Other early sports cars include

10584-472: The Nürburgring, this scale model served as a comparable datum against the GT-R model. Initial wind tunnel tests with the GT-R model yielded a drag coefficient of C d =0.32. As the project progressed, exterior designers Hirohisa Ono and Masato Taguchi joined to refine certain aspects of the car, such as adjusting the front nose height. However, the efforts fell short of achieving the anticipated overall improvement in aerodynamics. Subsequently, Suzuka shifted

10731-439: The Skyline GT-R. This car proved to be iconic for Nissan, achieving much fame and success on the road and in motorsports. The GT-R is an entirely new model, departing from its predecessor, the Skyline GT-R, which was a faster version of a regular sedan. Though they share a little with each other, such as the signature four round tail lights, the ATTESA E-TS Pro all-wheel-drive system, and a twin- turbocharged 6-cylinder engine,

10878-450: The VDC during official hot laps and time attacks. In 2010, Nissan re-programmed the GT-R to reduce engine speed at launch to around 3,500–4,000 rpm with VDC enabled, which was meant to improve acceleration times. The revised programming was also installed in unsold 2009 model year models that were still in their inventory, was also available for existing 2009 vehicles. The re-programmed GT-R had

11025-438: The act of turning off Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC) and launching the car at around 4,500 rpm. However, then-Nissan director of product planning officer, John Wiener stated in an interview with Jay Leno that "we [Nissan] actually offer a 'launch mode'". The GT-R user's manual states that turning off the VDC is only meant for escaping low-traction situations such as mud or snow. However the manufacturer themselves used to turn off

11172-488: The advanced technologies featured in the car and being the precise choice for meeting regulation and emission standards. This particular DCT is used in conjunction with the unique ATTESA E-TS Pro all-wheel-drive system, providing power to all four wheels with minimal loss and controlled by the built-in Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC) to aid in handling and stability. Three shift modes can be selected from

11319-422: The brakes. Overall front end of the car features an aggressive look, the rear end carries on the signature four round taillights from its predecessors. The rear end also features air ducts and vents for further brake cooling and generates a smoother air flow to minimize drag. A body-coloured rear spoiler , whereas some special editions had a dry carbon-fibre rear spoiler, in order improve rear downforce. The GT-R has

11466-581: The car already had a considerable demand, as more than 3,000 buyers pre-ordered the car in Japan before its official launch. The car was expected to sell around 200 units per month, to maintain exclusivity. Deliveries began on December 6, 2007, in Japan, on July 7, 2008, in North America and in March 2009 in Europe. The first production GT-R was purchased by Nissan's CEO at the time, Carlos Ghosn . The large disparity in initial marketing between these regional releases

11613-479: The car appeared during the next year or two, all conforming to the same basic design and earning for themselves a reputation second to none for fast and reliable travel. The 60-h.p. cars were announced late in 1902. The cars were possessed of a very real performance superior to anything else which could be bought at the time... and the model achieved an almost invincible position among the fast cars of its day. The Sports Car: Development and Design The basis for

11760-403: The car was increased by 10 kg (22 lb) for all models. The car received its second facelift in 2016, for the 2017 model year, re-codenamed as "4BA–R35", featured the biggest changes to date. Redesigned front and rear facias improved engine and brakes cooling, reshaped C-pillars reducing turbulence and strengthened hood reduced deformation at high speeds. Enhancements to engine cooling led

11907-465: The centre console and in the gauge cluster, which features an analog speedometer, fuel meter and tachometer with a redline of 7,000–7,100 rpm. Digital displays featuring traveling speed, gear, fuel economy and distance calculations. GT-R badged steering wheel contains volume controls and cruise control buttons. Magnesium paddle shifters are on the wheel column in earlier models and on the steering wheel in post 2017 facelifted models. The instrument cluster

12054-414: The corporate goal to become Japan's most advanced automobile manufacturer by the 1990s. "Project 901" resulted in several vehicles sharing a similar front- and rear- multi-link suspension design, including the 300ZX (Z32) , Infiniti Q45 (G50) , Primera / Infiniti G20 (P10) , Pulsar/Sunny (N14) , Silvia (S13) & S14) , Skyline (R32) , and Laurel (C33) . The earliest version of HICAS, as fitted to

12201-404: The degree of rear steering and actuator for the rear steering rack, with the earliest version using a passive system to steer the rear wheels ("HICAS"), an intermediate version using a hydraulic actuator ("HICAS II"), and a later version using a hydraulic or electric actuator with additional programming ("Super HICAS"). Nissan initiated " Project 901 " in 1985, named for "90s-number-one" to embody

12348-516: The design should exude sportiness, modernity, and aerodynamic efficiency to meet the ambitious performance targets set for the car. Chief engineer of the Skyline GT-R R34, Kazutoshi Mizuno (also known as Mr. GT-R ), was responsible for the mechanical aspects of development. Mizuno initially rejected the project, due to the directive to work and built on the outdated FM platform . Mizuno expressed his reservations, stating, "I could not make

12495-411: The development of performance cars such as the 1910 Vauxhall Prince Henry , 1910 Sunbeam 12/16 , 1910 Talbot 25 hp , 1910 Straker-Squire 15 hp and 1913 Star 15.9 hp . Following the halt in sports car production caused by World War I , Europe returned to manufacturing automobiles from around 1920. It was around this time that the term 'Sports Car' began to appear in the motor catalogues, although

12642-413: The drive mode selector: "R-mode" provides maximum performance of the six-speed dual-clutch transmission, "Normal-mode" is recommended for typical daily driving, and "Save-mode" is recommended for maximizing fuel economy, and driving on slippery surfaces, such as on snow or ice. Gear shifting is controlled automatically or manually through paddle shifters. The ATTESA ET-S Pro all-wheel-drive system used in

12789-430: The dual requirements of generating a respectable amount of downforce for enhanced high-speed stability while maintaining minimal drag for improved fuel efficiency. Engineers expressed the complexity of achieving such an aerodynamic level, given a road car's high ground clearance, safety regulations, visibility standards, material costs and various other factors. Aerodynamics development began in early 2004, spearheaded by

12936-400: The early 1920s, the cost to produce a racing car was not significantly higher than a road car, therefore several manufacturers used the design from the current year's racing car for the next year's sports car. For example, the 1921 Ballot 2LS based on the racing car that finished third at the 1921 French Grand Prix. The Benz 28/95PS was also a successful racing car, with victories including

13083-503: The engine power output, the engine response and efficiency was improved by 5 percent due to the incorporation of revised turbocharges. The re-tuned transmission reduced its shifting time to 0.15 seconds, due to gear selection happening during ABS engagement, it reduced understeer and improved cornering. Suspension and steering systems were also enhanced for improved handling. Cosmetic changes included; new lightweight forged aluminium alloy wheels, interior and exterior colour options. Including

13230-463: The exact origin of the name is not known. The decade that followed became known as the vintage era and featured rapid technical advances over the preceding Brass Era cars . Engine performance benefited from the abandonment of " tax horsepower " (where vehicles were taxed based on bore and number of cylinders, rather than actual power output) and the introduction of leaded fuel , which increased power by allowing for higher compression ratios . In

13377-416: The fall of 2007. Subsequently, the prototype underwent refinement at Lotus Engineering , focusing on enhancing chassis rigidity and revising suspension geometry to align with the car's performance goals. In January 2004, Mizuno officially commenced development with a specialized team and a full-scale GT-R model under the supervision of Ghosn. Differing from the typical development team, this specialized group

13524-442: The fastest lap time for mass-produced cars, which garnered attention from the automotive media. Both manufacturers, fielded their respective sports cars, the 911 and Corvette , and consistently engaged in lap time battles against Nissan. The lap times of the GT-R were often navigated by development driver Toshio Suzuki , using factory-standard Dunlop SP Sport Maxx GT 600 DSST CTT run-flat tyres. Sports car A sports car

13671-472: The first supercars . Other significant European models of the 1960s and 1970s which might be considered supercars today are the Ferrari 250 GTO (1962-1964), Ferrari 250 GT Lusso (1963-1964), Ferrari 275 GTB/4 (1966-1968), Maserati Ghibli (1967-1973), Ferrari Daytona (1968-1973), Dino 246 (1969-1974), De Tomaso Pantera (1971-1993), Ferrari 308 GTB (1975-1980) and BMW M1 (1978-1981). In 1966,

13818-528: The first World War by the R.A.C. , appealed to the public imagination and offered to the manufacturers of the more sporting cars an excellent opportunity for boosting sales of their products." The classic Italian road races— the Targa Florio , and the Mille Miglia (first held in 1927)— also captured the public's imagination. By 1925, the higher profits available for four-seater cars resulted in

13965-540: The first trim level, featured exterior and interior performance upgrades over the standard model. Notable features included lightweight wheels, a carbon-fibre rear spoiler, and Recaro bucket seats inspired by the SpecV. Retaining the original car's mechanical specifications, the Black Edition featured enhanced handling akin to the GT-R SpecV. Re-introduced in 2016 with minimal changes, such as Recaro seats, it

14112-401: The focus towards enhancing the car's internal airflow, which required significant changes to the chassis frame design. He insisted the chassis department to lower the frame rails to align with the passenger compartment, aiming to eliminate transitions and streamline airflow beneath the car. The team later employed a CFD program for wind tunnel testing, swiftly upgrading hundreds of components in

14259-578: The iconic Bayside Blue body colour, derived from the Skyline GT-R R34 . It was revealed the GT-R would not offer a 2022 model year in North America (mid-2021 to mid-2022 in calendar years), following the introduction of the T-spec variant. However, in Japan and other markets the car sold a 2022 model. Nissan Australia discontinued the GT-R in Australia and New Zealand from October 31, 2021, it

14406-609: The idea faced rejection due to the concerns of inflating the car's price beyond Nissan's planned offering. In August, Suzuka initiated wind tunnel testing at the Nissan Technical Center in Atsugi, spanning three months and involving over 300 test runs using the scale models. The program then transitioned to two 40 percent scale models—one representing the GT-R and the other replicating the Infiniti G35 test mule. Drawing data from its full sized version's testing at

14553-799: The inherent risk of performance driving. There is no fixed distinction between sports cars and other categories of performance cars, such as muscle cars and grand tourers , with some cars being members of several categories. Traditionally, the most common layout for sports cars was a roadster (a two-seat car without a fixed roof). However, there are also several examples of early sports cars with four seats. Sports cars are not usually intended to transport more than two adult occupants regularly, so most modern sports cars are generally two-seat or 2+2 layout (two smaller rear seats for children or occasional adult use). Larger cars with more spacious rear-seat accommodation are usually considered sports sedans rather than sports cars. The 1993-1998 McLaren F1

14700-400: The initial submissions. Further refinement whittled them down to 3 1 ⁄ 4 scale wind tunnel models created by the development team. The team set a numerical target for the car to achieve a drag coefficient of  C d =0.28 or lower, combined with front and rear downforce, which was not done by any other manufacturer. Suzuka initially proposed utilizing active aerodynamics, but

14847-573: The late 1920s were AC Cars , Alfa Romeo , Alvis , Amilcar , Bignan and Samson, Chenard-Walcker , Delage , Hispano-Suiza , Hotchkiss , Mercedes-Benz and Nazzaro . Two cars from the Vintage Era that would influence sports cars for many years were the Austin Seven and MG M-type "Midget". Successful sports cars from Bentley during this era were the Bentley 3 Litre (1921-1929) and

14994-409: The laws of physics" to describe its performance. Originally, Nissan claimed the GT-R can attain a top speed of 315 km/h (196 mph), but Motor Trend recorded a top speed of 313.8 km/h (195.0 mph) with the original 2009 model year GT-R. Edmunds held the first ever performance test using a customer-spec GT-R in Japan, achieving a 0-97 km/h (60 mph) time of 3.3 seconds and

15141-518: The mass-produced cars upon which they were based. The highest selling sports car company of the 1930s was Morris Garages , who produced 'MG Midget' models of the M-Type , J-Type , P-Type and T-Type . The K3 version of the K-Type Magnette was a successful racing car, achieving success in the Mille Miglia , Tourist Trophy and 24 Hours of Le Mans . The Bugatti Type 57 (1934-1940)

15288-537: The middle of the vehicle ( MR layout ). Examples of FR layout sports cars include the Caterham 7 , Mazda MX-5 , and the Dodge Viper . Examples of MR layout sports cars are the Ferrari 488 , Ford GT , and Toyota MR2 . To avoid a front-heavy weight distribution , many FR layout sports cars are designed so that the engine is located further back in the engine bay, as close to the firewall as possible. Since

15435-809: The notable exception of the Porsche 911 . The front-wheel drive layout with the engine at the front ( FF layout ) is generally the most common for cars, but it is not as common among traditional sports cars. Nonetheless, the FF layout is used by sport compacts and hot hatches such as the Mazdaspeed3 . Sports cars with an FF layout include the Fiat Barchetta , Saab Sonett , or Opel Tigra . The ancestor of all high-performance cars had its origin in Germany. The 28-h.p. Cannstatt-Daimler racing car of 1899

15582-452: The overall development of the car. After finalizing development in 2006, an additional year was dedicated for testing before reaching the conclusive stage. Nissan officially announced that the production version would make its debut at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show . Ghosn was confident in the GT-R's potential profitability for Nissan, and dispelled the rumours of it being sold as an Infiniti model in North America, confirming its global release as

15729-516: The overall performance of the car was improved due to these upgrades. Overall weight of the car was decreased by 5 kg (11 lb). The car went on sale in mid-November 2010 in Japan and February 2011 in Europe, North America, and in other regions. Similar to the update in 2009, the car was offered a revision in 2012, for the 2013 model year. It featured increased power output of 550 PS (405 kW; 542 hp) at 6,400 rpm and 628 N⋅m (463 lb⋅ft) of torque from 3,200 to 5,200 rpm. This

15876-456: The philosophy of achieving performance through minimizing weight and has been rated as one of the top 10 sports cars of the 1960s. The Elan featured fibreglass bodies, a backbone chassis, and overhead camshaft engines. A different style of roadster was the AC Cobra , released in 1962, which was fitted with V8 engines up to 7.0 L (427 cu in) in size by Shelby . The Porsche 911

16023-407: The planned sales amount. It was revealed the car was no longer in sale in North America and Africa as well, as Nissan USA , Nissan Canada, and Nissan South Africa official websites claimed the car was sold out. German automotive magazine Auto Motor und Sport claimed it was no longer in production, as production for the 2022 model year was complete. In October 2022, Nissan resumed production for

16170-423: The production of two-seat sports cars being limited to smaller manufacturers such as Aston-Martin (350 Astons built from 1921 to 1939) and Frazer-Nash (323 cars built from 1924 to 1939). Then by the late 1920s, the cost of producing racing cars (especially Grand Prix cars) escalated, causing more manufacturers to produce cars for the growing sports car market instead. Significant manufacturers of sports cars in

16317-416: The rear axle; these valves are designed to selectively pass or stop pressure to one side of each actuator, according to vehicle speed and lateral acceleration, which then steers the rear suspension subframe and semi-trailing arms. The passive HICAS was fitted initially to regular production vehicles with the 1986 Skyline GTS (R31) coupes (GTS, GTS-R, and GTS-X). HICAS was almost used on the 1985 model but

16464-472: The rear fenders, no technical information were given for both concept and prototype cars. Officials claimed the production version would be 80 to 90 percent based on this prototype. As overall development of the car was finalized around 2006, Nissan began testing in several countries on different road and weather conditions to fine tune the all-new performance car. In late 2005, the Infiniti G35 test mule

16611-464: The rear three-quarters of the vehicle, while their European designers sculpted the roofline. Nissan developed a 6-stage paint process with a double clear coat and chip-resistant paint for use in critical areas of the chassis. An optional liquid-effect finish employs a hand-polished 8-stage process with product-specific colours, such as the original Super Silver metallic paint, with three layers of clearcoat . The car features an overall muscular, sharp and

16758-400: The rear wheels through the main carbon-composite propeller shaft. In situations with limited traction available to the rear wheels, such as in heavy acceleration and cornering, the separated additional propeller shaft sends torque from the transfer case to the front differential, resulting in a 50:50 front to rear power distribution. An open type differential distributes power in the front, and

16905-465: The revival of their iconic sports car model the GT-R, as part of the Nissan Revival Plan . Ghosn believed that introducing this halo car would gather public interest and enthusiasm towards the then-struggling Nissan brand, ultimately bolstering sales. Therefore, he claimed the GT-R should be made as a high-performance car, capable of rivaling esteemed sports cars from manufacturers in the likes of Porsche , Lamborghini , and Ferrari , all while maintaining

17052-532: The second and third quarter of 2023 respectively. Japanese sales began in March 2023. In June 2024, Nissan announced that North American market production of the GT-R would end in October 2024 with two exclusive variants, the T-Spec Takumi and Skyline limited editions, sending off production. Since 2007, Nissan have produced more than 40,000 units and sold in various different markets worldwide. The GT-R

17199-543: The special variants, which are the largest brake rotors ever fitted to a Japanese production vehicle. According to chief design director, Shiro Nakamura , "aero blade" front fenders, blackened A-pillars and the slopping roofline of the GT-R are inspired by the giant robots of the Gundam series. Nakamura stated: "The GT-R is unique because it is not simply a copy of a European-designed sports car; it had to really reflect Japanese culture ". Nissan's American designers sculpted

17346-558: The sporting events of the period, bringing renown to successful entrants. The Prince Henry Tours started the evolution of reasonably large and technically advanced production sports cars. In England, the development of sporting cars was inhibited by the Motor Car Act 1903 , which imposed a speed limit of 20 mph (32 km/h) on all public roads. This led to the 1907 opening of the Brooklands motor circuit , which inspired

17493-408: The sports car is traced to the early 20th century touring cars and roadsters , and the term 'sports car' would not be coined until after World War One. A car considered to be "a sports-car years ahead of its time" is the 1903 Mercedes Simplex 60 hp , described at the time as a fast touring car and designed by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler . The Mercedes included pioneering features such as

17640-476: The sports car, but also the most important and diverse technical developments [and] very rapid and genuine improvement in the qualities of every modern production car; assisted by new design and manufacturing techniques a consistently higher level of handling properties has been achieved." In Italy, a small but wealthy market segment allowed for the manufacture of a limited number of high-performance models directly allied to contemporary Grand Prix machines, such as

17787-457: The time, Shiro Nakamura . Nakamura emphasized that the design must not only embody a modern sports car aesthetic but also encapsulate Japanese cultural elements and pay homage to its predecessor's heritage. In 2001, Ghosn officially announced ongoing development of the GT-R, with a concept reveal at the 2001 Tokyo Motor Show . The chief designer, Hiroshi Hasegawa, dedicated over four years to complete interior and exterior styling designs. He claimed

17934-583: The twin-turbocharged 3,799 cc (3.8 L; 231.8 cu in) V6 VR38DETT engine to maintain its turbo boost pressure dialed up, increasing engine power output to 570 PS (419 kW; 562 hp) at 6,800 rpm and 633 N⋅m (467 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 3,300–5,300 rpm, maximum speed of the engine ( redline ) was increased from 7,000 to 7,100 rpm. Transmission was remapped to shift gears smoothly and quieter than before, and new titanium exhaust reduced weight. Revised chassis structure improved torsional rigidity by 5 percent. Noise insulation

18081-429: The upgraded GT-R increased acceleration at mid to high rpm ranges (3,200 rpm and above) and featured optimal balance between handling and ride comfort. The upgrades were also applied to Track Edition and Nismo variants, overall weight of the car was increased by 40–55 kg (88–121 lb) for all models as well. In 2019, for the 2020 model year, the car was offered with minor upgrades. Although there were no changes in

18228-478: The war, but a small number of manufacturers returned it to prominence. In 1948, the Porsche 356 was released as the debut model from Porsche. The significance of the Porsche 356 and its successors was described in 1957 as "future historians must see them as among the most important of mid-century production cars". The 1954 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL is another significant car from this era. The 1961 Jaguar E-Type

18375-415: Was a pioneering all-wheel drive sports car. The 1995 Porsche 911 Turbo (993) saw the 911 Turbo model switch to all-wheel drive, a drivetrain layout that the model uses to this day. The BMW M3 was released in 1986 and has been produced for every generation since. The 1993-1996 Mercedes-Benz W124 E36 AMG was the mass-produced AMG model. Audi's equivalent division, called "RS", was launched in 1994 with

18522-458: Was achieved by resin intake manifolds reducing air resistance, an enlarged duct for the intercooler, a new exhaust lowering back-pressure and sodium-filled exhaust valves reducing the temperature of the combustion chambers. The ECU was also remapped to alter valve timing, and improved air-fuel mixture ratio and ignition. A new flywheel housing, retuned suspension setup and revised weight distribution further increased performance and handling. The car

18669-419: Was also offered for sold 2009 models. Other upgrades include: re-tuned suspension, updated wheel finish, standard front seat and side curtain airbags . In 2010, for the 2011 model year, the GT-R received its first facelift. The car was revised and re-codenamed as "DBA–R35", replacing the original "CBA–R35". The revised version featured the same engine with altered mapping, changed valve timing, larger inlets and

18816-684: Was an unusual arrangement for a car used to compete in rallying, nonetheless it was very successful and won the World Rally Championship in 1974 , 1975 , and 1976 . The Lancia Montecarlo was produced from 1975 to 1981 and is a mid-engine two-seater, available as a coupé or a targa-top. It was sold as Lancia Scorpion in the USA. Its racing variant, Montecarlo Turbo, won the 1979 World Championship for Makes in its division and overall for 1980 World Championship for Makes and 1981 World Endurance Championship for Makes . Montecarlo also won

18963-627: Was another significant sports car of the pre-war era and is now among the most valuable cars in the world. The T57 was successful in sports car races, including winning the 1937 24 Hours of Le Mans and 1939 24 Hours of Le Mans . Another successful Bugatti sports car was the Bugatti Type 55 (1932-1935), which was based on the Type 51 Grand Prix racing car. The decade following the Second World War saw an "immense growth of interest in

19110-495: Was called HICAS II when it reached production with the Nissan 180SX . The hydraulic system again was powered by the power steering pump, using speed sensors to determine how much and in which direction to steer the rear wheels; for production vehicles, rear steering was limited to 1°. Compared to HICAS II, Super HICAS uses a dedicated computer instead of speed sensors to actuate rear steering by up to 1°; upon initial turn in, it

19257-407: Was due to Nissan having to build GT-R performance centres where the car was serviced. In 2009, the GT-R received its first of many updates for the 2010 model year. Featured increased engine power output of 485 PS (357 kW; 478 hp) at 6,400 rpm, with no improvement in engine torque. The launch control system was reprogrammed to reduce stress in the transaxle and improve acceleration. It

19404-408: Was given significant improvements over the previous model year in 2014, for the 2015 model year. Along with the GT-R Nismo, it was previewed at the 2013 Tokyo Motor Show . Engine power remained the same as the previous version, but an upgraded suspension setup with revised settings led to reduce load fluctuation between the four wheels, increased stability and provided more consistent grip. Tyre contact

19551-525: Was improved with optimized electronic controls of the shock-absorber valves. Re-tuned front stabilizer spring rates and bush links, re-tuned brake system for more stopping power, and a fine-tuned steering improved handling. Cosmetic changes included new 20-inch alloy wheels, enhanced LED headlights and taillights with Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS). These upgrades improved straight-line and cornering stability, better ride quality without sacrificing its acceleration and cornering performance. Overall weight of

19698-535: Was in standard specifications with factory standard Bridgestone tyres. Nissan has published numerous lap times for the GT-R around the Nürburgring Nordschleife . Due to its demanding nature, the "iconic" racetrack played a pivotal role in the development and served as a performance benchmark for the GT-R. Over the years, Nissan conducted numerous time attacks for the car around the Nordschleife , pitting it against Porsche and Chevrolet in pursuit of setting

19845-502: Was made by recruiting the best engineers and technicians from each department. The Mizuno-led team developed and tested the drivetrain and chassis, including the suspension setup and brakes, using test mules at the Nürburgring and Sendai Hi-Land Raceway . Mizuno claimed his ambitious goals were to build the GT-R so as to be able to have comfortable conversations with a passenger at speeds of 300 km/h (186.5 mph), further more

19992-712: Was no longer eligible for new side impact regulations. The car was sold 1,021 units in Australia and 89 units in New Zealand, a total of 1,110 units were sold in the Australian market during 12-years of sales since its debut in April 2009. Deliveries in Europe and United Kingdom were concluded in March 2022, for being unable to meet new noise regulations which took effect in June 2022. During 13-years of sales since March 2009, Nissan sold more than 11,000 units in Europe. In May 2022, Nissan officially closed orders in Japan, as it reached

20139-599: Was not ready in time for production. The system was later adapted to work on many models in the Nissan range, beginning with the Passage GT . A later version of HICAS, first shown on the CUE-X concept car (1985), added a hydraulic actuator and steering rack to the passive system, which allowed the car to steer the rear wheels up to 7° in opposition to the front wheels to aid maneuverability at lower speeds. This active system

20286-496: Was offered, exclusively in Japan. Unlike its previous facelifts, this model featured minor cosmetic changes. Redesigned front and rear bumpers, front grille and rear wing, improved aerodynamics around the nose and rear diffuser, which increased downforce without increasing drag . No mechanical changes were made over the previous model year. In the North American market, the facelifted Premium and Nismo variants went on sale in

20433-514: Was originally rated at a manufacturer-claimed engine output of 353 kW (473 hp) at 6,400   rpm and 583 N⋅m (430 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3,200–5,200   rpm, making it the most powerful engine fitted to a Japanese production vehicle at the time. The engine is complied with California Air Resources Board Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) standards. It features 24 valves controlled by dual overhead camshafts (2 per cylinder head) with intake only variable valve timing. The engine with

20580-451: Was primarily marketed in Japan and the United Kingdom. The GT-R Track Edition, launched in 2013, was a high-performance variant similar to the SpecV and Black Edition. It featured weight-saving measures, such as the removal of rear seats, along with improvements like stiffer suspension, carbon-fibre air inlets, titanium exhaust, enhanced brake cooling, a unique front spoiler, and Recaro black and grey leather seats. The 2019 update incorporated

20727-694: Was produced until 1980. Other successful lightweight roadsters include the Triumph Spitfire (1962-1980) and the Alfa Romeo Spider (1966-1993). The Fiat X1/9 (1972-1989) was unusual for its use of a mid-engine design in an affordable roadster model. A late entrant to the affordable roadster market was the 1975 Triumph TR7 , however by the late 1970s the demand for this style of car was in decline, resulting in production ceasing in 1982. The original Lotus Elan (1962-1975) two-seat coupe and roadster models are an early commercial success for

20874-416: Was provided by acoustic windscreen, sound deadening materials and Bose noise cancellation system. Furthermore, upgraded brakes, re-tuned dampers, lighter forged alloy wheels and stiffer chassis improved ride quality and cornering by less aggressive turn in. The interior featured a new leather material, steering wheel, 8-inch display infotainment system and a redesigned carbon-fibre centre console. Nissan claimed

21021-675: Was released in 1964 and has remained in production since. The 911 is notable for its use of the uncommon rear-engine design and the use of a flat-six engine . Another successful rear-engine sports car was the original Alpine A110 (1961-1977), which was a successful rally car during the Group 4 era. In 1965, the BMW New Class Coupes were released, leading to the BMW 6 Series which remains in production to this day. The Lamborghini Miura (1966) and Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale (1967) mid-engined high-performance cars are often cited as

21168-541: Was spied at the Nürburgring, it featured highly modified body panels. In late 2006 and early 2007, GT-R test mules were spied for the first time, alongside a Porsche 911 Turbo on public roads in New Mexico and California, at motor circuits such as in the Nürburgring and Laguna Seca . During a test session at the Sendai Hi-Land Raceway, Ghosn joined the test team to directly test drive the car against

21315-698: Was the first production vehicle to feature such a suspension system. The DampTronic system allows the driver to select three different suspension modes from the mode selector: "R-mode" for maximum performance required on track and dragstrip, "Normal-mode" for daily driver use, and "Comfort-mode", which softens the dampers and improves ride quality, recommended for long-distance driving. The car features 20-inch 15-spoke forged lightweight aluminium alloy wheels manufactured by Rays , originally wrapped up with exclusively developed Dunlop SP Sport Maxx GT 600 DSST CTT run-flat tyres , Bridgestone Potenza RE070R run-flat tyres were also offered for earlier models. Each wheel features

21462-501: Was the sixth-generation to bear the GT-R name, it is no longer part of the Skyline line-up. The car is built on the PM platform , derived from the FM platform used in the Skyline and Nissan Z models. Production is conducted in a shared production line at Nissan's Tochigi plant in Japan. As per Nissan's intention of creating a world beating sports car, the GT-R brand was revived as part of

21609-417: Was without a doubt the first attempt to give real performance to a road car. Many of its features, such as a honeycomb radiator and gate gear change, were continued on the much improved version which Paul Daimler designed in 1899-1900. This was of course the famous Mercedes. It also laid down standards of chassis design which were to be followed, almost unthinkingly, for the next thirty years. Several variants of

#294705