150-620: Sorrento Valley is a neighborhood of San Diego, California . It is roughly bounded by Interstate 5 and Interstate 805, Camino Santa Fe to the east, the Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve to the north and Miramar Road to the south, as shown on the San Diego Police Department's neighborhood map. It encompasses Sorrento Mesa and is part of San Diego Unified School District . While originally envisioned and zoned for industrial use, Sorrento Valley
300-609: A Voyage Between China and the North-Western Coast of America, Made in 1804" and Richard Henry Dana 's more substantial and convincing account, of his 1834–36 voyage, the classic Two Years Before the Mast . In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California . At first, they had an easy time of it, capturing the major ports including San Diego, but
450-591: A center of the emerging biotech industry and is home to telecommunications giant Qualcomm . San Diego had also grown in the tourism industry with the popularity of attractions such as the San Diego Zoo , SeaWorld San Diego , and Legoland California in Carlsbad . According to SDSU professor emeritus Monte Marshall, San Diego Bay is "the surface expression of a north-south-trending, nested graben ". The Rose Canyon and Point Loma fault zones are part of
600-404: A disregard for the ethnic Mexican American population of metropolitan Los Angeles. The "Boyle–Hollenbeck Anti–Golden State Freeway Committee" was formed for the purpose of blocking or rerouting the freeway. Then– Los Angeles City Council member Edward R. Roybal chaired that committee. Despite this opposition, the construction of the freeway went ahead. When this section was completed in 1956,
750-625: A faster and more direct north–south route through the state and so was eventually chosen. Construction began in the early 1960s. There were just three phases for the 321 mi (517 km). The first phase, completed in 1967, ran from the San Joaquin County line to Los Banos. The second phase, completed in 1972, extended the freeway south to Wheeler Ridge and connected it to SR 99. The freeway then started to see traffic, as in Stockton there were only 4 mi (6.4 km) between
900-502: A given planning area there may be several distinct neighborhoods. Altogether the city contains more than 100 identified neighborhoods . Downtown San Diego is located on San Diego Bay . Balboa Park encompasses several mesas and canyons to the northeast, surrounded by older, dense urban communities including Hillcrest and North Park . To the east and southeast lie City Heights , the College Area , and Southeast San Diego . To
1050-462: A number of small parks and preserves. San Diego County has one of the highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the endangered list of counties in the United States. Because of its diversity of habitat and its position on the Pacific Flyway , San Diego County has recorded 492 different bird species, more than any other region in the country. San Diego always scores high in
1200-663: A result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was "for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco", and
1350-584: A river or creek flowed through it, and that they would lead our men to it if they would follow." That river was the San Diego River. Several reservoirs and Mission Trails Regional Park also lie between and separate developed areas of the city. Notable peaks within the city limits include Cowles Mountain , the highest point in the city at 1,591 feet (485 m); Black Mountain at 1,558 feet (475 m); and Mount Soledad at 824 feet (251 m). The Cuyamaca Mountains and Laguna Mountains rise to
1500-490: A toolbox. There are several new high-rises under construction , including two that exceed 400 feet (122 m) in height. The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km ). The urban area of San Diego had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest in the state, after those of Los Angeles and San Francisco . The 2010 population represented an increase of just under 7% from
1650-683: A unique crossover resulting in a left-driving configuration for about 5 mi (8.0 km) before the highway crosses back into its standard alignment. This section is known as the Five Mile Grade. After cresting the Five Mile Grade, the freeway enters the Angeles National Forest . It passes Pyramid Lake and intersects SR 138 before crossing the Tejon Pass through the Tehachapi Mountains near
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#17327911882551800-529: Is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California , immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border . With a population of over 1.3 million residents, it is the eighth-most populous city in the United States and the second-most populous in the state of California , after Los Angeles . San Diego is the seat of San Diego County , which has a population of nearly 3.3 million people. It
1950-597: Is about 80 miles (130 km) west of the highway. I-5 is known colloquially as "the 5" to Southern California residents and "5" to Northern California residents due to varieties in California English . I-5 also has several named portions: the John J. Montgomery Freeway , San Diego Freeway , Santa Ana Freeway , Golden State Freeway , and West Side Freeway . The entirety of Interstate 5 in California
2100-404: Is closed (via SR 58 and SR 14). The interchange has partially collapsed twice due to earthquakes: the 1971 Sylmar earthquake and the 1994 Northridge earthquake . As a result of the 1994 collapse, this interchange was renamed the "Clarence Wayne Dean Memorial Interchange", honoring a Los Angeles Police Department motorcycle officer killed when he was unable to stop in time and drove off
2250-546: Is currently undergoing expansion as part of the North Coast Corridor project. The carpool lane expansion from Lomas Santa Fe Drive to SR 78 fully opened by late 2023. As part of this expansion, the bridge carrying I-5 over San Elijo Lagoon was replaced with a much wider bridge. Previously in 2007, a carpool lane opened between Lomas Santa Fe Drive and I-805, with a continuation of the lanes on I-805 to Governor Drive opening in 2016. There are plans to construct
2400-598: Is defined in the California Streets and Highways Code as Route 5 , which is defined as such in section 305: Route 5 is from the international boundary near Tijuana to the Oregon state line via National City , San Diego , Los Angeles , the westerly side of the San Joaquin Valley , Sacramento , and Yreka ; also passing near Santa Ana , Glendale , Woodland , and Red Bluff . I-5 is part of
2550-580: Is known for its mild year-round Mediterranean climate , extensive beaches and parks , long association with the United States Navy , and its recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center. Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego has been referred to as the Birthplace of California , as it was the first site visited and settled by Europeans on what
2700-546: Is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/ June gloom " period, a thick " marine layer " cloud cover keeps the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but yields to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8–16 km) inland. Sometimes the June gloom lasts into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for
2850-582: Is named the John J. Montgomery Freeway in honor of John J. Montgomery , a pioneer aviator who flew a glider from a location near Chula Vista in 1884. I-5 continues northwest from downtown as the San Diego Freeway until it reaches its junction with I-8 , then turns slightly to the north while passing SeaWorld and Mission Bay . Thereafter, I-5 intersects the western end of SR 52 near La Jolla before entering University City . At Nobel Drive,
3000-468: Is now home to over 5,000 residents spread across three major single family home and condominium developments. Sorrento Valley is known as a center for high tech, biotech and scientific research, aided by its close proximity to the University of California, San Diego . It is part of the city's Mira Mesa , Torrey Pines , and University community planning areas. Before European contact, Sorrento Valley
3150-558: Is now the West Coast of the United States . Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain , forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá , founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire , which reformed as
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#17327911882553300-534: Is still listed as a control city on northbound I-5 between SR 99 and I-580. Interstate 5 in downtown Sacramento closely follows the Sacramento River. This has resulted in complex engineering work to keep the section dry due to it being located below the water table. Locally, Caltrans refers to this part of the freeway as the "Boat Section". Due to record levels of rainfall in 1980 the Boat Section
3450-478: Is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States. San Diego's name can be traced back to the 16th century when Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno bestowed it upon the area in 1602. He named the bay and the surrounding area "San Diego de Alcalá" in honor of Saint Didacus of Alcalá . Prior to the Spanish establishment of San Diego, the Kumeyaay town was called Kosa'aay , meaning "drying out place" in
3600-595: Is the current route of I-5. Both routes were eventually built as freeways. The Gavin Canyon route became I-5, and the main north–south route via the Ridge Route. The Newhall Pass route became SR 14, which is the main route between Los Angeles and the growing high desert communities of the Antelope Valley . It is also still a part of the important Midway Route, which is the primary alternate route when I-5
3750-735: The California Freeway and Expressway System , and is part of the National Highway System , a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration . The segment of I-5 from State Route 89 (SR 89) to US 97 forms part of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway , an All-American Road . I-5 is also eligible to be included in
3900-708: The Federal Bureau of Investigation announced plans to move into a $ 100 million, six-story building on Vista Sorrento Parkway in Sorrento Valley. The building houses 400 special agents and support staff; the FBI occupied the building in May 2013. Karl Strauss Brewing Company , a craft beer brewing company, has a location in Sorrento Valley. The community (ZIP Code 92121) has a median income of approximately $ 102,391 per year. The west edge of Sorrento Valley contains
4050-509: The First Mexican Republic two years later. California was conquered by the U.S. in 1848 following the Mexican–American War and was admitted as the 31st state in 1850. The largest sectors of the economy of San Diego include military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, research, and manufacturing. The city is home to several universities, including UC San Diego , San Diego State University , and
4200-1001: The Gaslamp Quarter . In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted the World's Fair twice: the Panama–California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park , and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this day as central features of the park. The buildings were intended to be temporary structures, but most remained in continuous use until they progressively fell into disrepair. Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of
4350-713: The I-5 in the 1960s and 1970s brought industrial and office development into the area, which helped foster a prominent biotech and IT industry. Sorrento Valley is home to many high tech, biotech, and IT companies. Notable companies in the neighborhood include Qualcomm , Pfizer Pharmaceuticals , Verizon , FedHome Loan Centers , Google Inc. , Texas Instruments , Optimer Pharmaceuticals , The ACTIVE Network, Advanced Test Equipment Rentals, Forcepoint (formerly Websense ), Einstein Medical, Hologic , Dexcom , NuVasive , T-Mobile, PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC), and Scripps Clinic. In 2011
4500-659: The Klamath River and reaching the Oregon border and the Siskiyou Summit . North of Redding, I-5 regularly gets snow at higher elevations from fall to spring. Caltrans sometimes requires vehicles to use snow tires , snow chains , or other traction devices in the mountains during and after snowstorms . Checkpoints are often set up to enforce chain restrictions on vehicles bound for icy or snowy areas. When chain restrictions are in effect, vehicles must have chains on
4650-575: The Kumeyaay language . After the establishment of San Diego, the Kumeyaay called town and city Tepacul Watai , meaning "Stacked Big". Luiseño speakers in the North County region called it Pushuyi . What has been referred to as the San Dieguito complex was established in the area at least 9,000 years ago. The Kumeyaay may have culturally evolved from this complex or migrated into
Sorrento Valley, San Diego - Misplaced Pages Continue
4800-443: The Mexico–United States border , and are physically separated from the rest of the city by the cities of National City and Chula Vista . A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city. For the most part, San Diego neighborhood boundaries tend to be understood by its residents based on geographical boundaries like canyons and street patterns. The city recognized
4950-750: The SR ;4 freeway that provides access to downtown Stockton. I-5 passes through the western portion of the Lodi city limits before intersecting SR 12 and entering Sacramento County . I-5 enters the city of Elk Grove while passing along the eastern edge of the Stone Lakes National Wildlife Refuge . It then crosses into the Sacramento city limits, soon paralleling the Sacramento River before intersecting
5100-707: The San Andreas Fault system. About 40 miles (64 km) east of the bay are the Laguna Mountains in the Peninsular Ranges , which are part of the American Cordillera . The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its mesas , creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography. Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on
5250-610: The San Diego LDS Temple towers over I-5. Shortly afterward, I‑5 passes through the UC San Diego campus and intersects the northern terminus of I-805 before continuing north and intersecting the western end of SR 56 . At this interchange, there is a local bypass that provides the only access to Carmel Mountain Road from both directions and provides the only direct access to SR 56 going northbound. North of
5400-787: The San Luis Reservoir (where SR 152 provides a major connection to the Monterey Peninsula and the Silicon Valley ), and SR 140 at the Stanislaus county line. I-5 crosses the California Aqueduct for the third time between SR 152 and SR 33 and again near Crows Landing . In San Joaquin County , I-580 splits off from I-5 south of Tracy, providing a spur-route connection to
5550-830: The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station . I-5 enters Orange County at the Cristianitos Road exit. Upon entering Orange County, I-5 goes through San Clemente . At Dana Point , I-5 turns inland while SR 1 continues along the coast. I-5 then heads due north through San Juan Capistrano and Mission Viejo , intersecting the SR 73 toll road heading northwest. I-5 continues to the El Toro Y interchange with I-405 in southeastern Irvine , splitting into lanes for regular traffic as well as for truck traffic (though autos can use these lanes as well). From that point, I-405 takes over
5700-683: The San Pasqual Valley , which holds an agricultural preserve. Carmel Valley and Del Mar Heights occupy the northwest corner of the city. To their south are Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve and the business center of the Golden Triangle . Further south are the beach and coastal communities of La Jolla , Pacific Beach , Mission Beach , and Ocean Beach . Point Loma occupies the peninsula across San Diego Bay from downtown. The communities of South San Diego (an Exclave ), such as San Ysidro and Otay Mesa , are located next to
5850-595: The Shasta Cascade region, intersecting SR 273 in Anderson before passing through Redding and intersecting SR 44 and SR 299 . The freeway then continues through the city of Shasta Lake , intersecting SR 151 , before crossing over Shasta Lake on the Pit River Bridge and climbing up to near the foot of Mount Shasta . Just north of the bridge over Shasta Lake, I-5 also boasts
6000-728: The State Scenic Highway System ; however, it is a scenic highway as designated by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) only from SR 152 to I-580 . I-5 begins at the San Ysidro Port of Entry from Mexico in the San Ysidro neighborhood of San Diego. Immediately after the border, I-805 splits off to the northeast and serves as a bypass of I-5 that avoids downtown San Diego . I-5 itself continues northwest and meets
6150-597: The University of San Diego . San Diego is the economic center of the San Diego–Tijuana region, the second-most populous transborder metropolitan area in the Western Hemisphere, home to an estimated five million people as of 2022. The primary border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana , the San Ysidro Port of Entry , is the busiest international land border crossing in the world outside of Asia ( fourth-busiest overall). San Diego International Airport
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6300-524: The 1,223,400 people reported in 2000. The population density was 3,771.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,456.3/km ). The racial makeup of San Diego was 58.9% White , 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino , 2.7% Chinese , 2.5% Vietnamese , 1.3% Indian , 1.0% Korean , 0.7% Japanese , 0.4% Laotian , 0.3% Cambodian , 0.1% Thai ). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian , 0.1% Samoan , 0.1% Native Hawaiian ), 12.3% from other races , and 5.1% from two or more races. 28.8% of
6450-399: The Burbank Boulevard bridge replacement was completed in 2021. The fourth and final phase is in the Santa Clarita Valley, where Caltrans is undergoing construction to extend the carpool lane from the Newhall Pass interchange to Parker Road in Castaic. These lanes are scheduled to open to traffic in 2026. A fifth phase to build a flyover which will connect I-405's carpool lanes with I-5's is in
6600-432: The Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles , the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into
6750-473: The Capital City Freeway, which carries US 50 and I-80 Business (I-80 Bus.). SR 99 merges with I-5 at this point, and the two routes pass through the western half of downtown Sacramento . Following the bridge over the American River , I-5 and SR 99 intersect the major transcontinental route of I-80 . Just as I-5 leaves Sacramento, SR 99 splits off and continues north while I-5 turns due west past Sacramento International Airport and crosses
6900-482: The Colorado River and the depot fell into disuse. From 1857 to 1860, San Diego became the western terminus of the San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line , the earliest overland stagecoach and mail operation from the Eastern United States to California, coming from Texas through New Mexico Territory in less than 30 days. In the late 1860s, Alonzo Horton promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became downtown San Diego . Horton promoted
7050-410: The Golden State Highway (US 99, later SR 99) into a freeway. The other was to use the proposed West Side Freeway (current Interstate 5), which had been endorsed by local groups as early as 1945. The Golden State Highway route would serve many farming communities across the San Joaquin Valley, but the West Side Freeway proposal would bypass all the Central Valley communities and thus provide
7200-527: The Los Angeles– Kern county line, with Path 26 power lines generally paralleling the freeway. After entering Kern County, the freeway sharply descends for 12 mi (19 km) from 4,144 ft (1,263 m) at the Tejon Pass to 1,499 ft (457 m) at Grapevine near the southernmost point of the San Joaquin Valley , approximately 30 mi (48 km) south of Bakersfield and 5 mi (8.0 km) south of its interchange with SR 99 at Wheeler Ridge . This stretch of I-5 through
7350-426: The Mexican–American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of San Diego Bay , so as to include the entire bay within the United States. The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established County of San Diego and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean , the last alcalde of San Diego,
7500-399: The Navy Coaling Station in Point Loma, and expanded greatly during the 1920s. By 1930, the city was host to Naval Base San Diego , Naval Training Center San Diego , San Diego Naval Hospital , Camp Matthews , and Camp Kearny (now Marine Corps Air Station Miramar ). The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of
7650-465: The Sacramento River into Yolo County . In Woodland , the SR 113 freeway merges with I-5 before exiting to the north. The Interstate heads northwest again toward Dunnigan , where it converges with I-505 . I-5 skirts north along the western edge of the Sacramento Valley , bypassing the larger cities of the region, including Yuba City , Oroville and Chico , before reaching Red Bluff . From Dunnigan, I-5 enters Colusa County , passing through
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#17327911882557800-436: The San Diego City and County had the fifth-largest homeless population among major cities in the United States, with 8,102 people experiencing homelessness. In the city of San Diego, 4,887 individuals were experiencing homelessness according to the 2020 count. A December 11, 2023 article in The San Diego Union-Tribune by Blake Nelson reports a notable decline in the homeless population in downtown San Diego, specifically in
7950-405: The San Diego Freeway designation, while I-5 becomes the Santa Ana Freeway as it runs southeast to northwest. After the El Toro Y junction, I-5 intersects SR 133 , a toll road that eventually connects to SR 241 . Just before the Tustin city limits, I-5 passes over SR 261 , the final toll road of the Eastern Transportation Corridor , but traffic must use Jamboree Road to access
8100-486: The San Diego city limits, I-5 enters the city limits of Solana Beach , and then three incorporated cities to the north: Encinitas , Carlsbad and Oceanside . In Oceanside, I-5 intersects the SR 78 freeway and the SR 76 expressway and continues through Camp Pendleton . It then follows the Pacific Ocean coastline for the next 18 mi (29 km). Toward the northern end of its routing through Camp Pendleton, I-5 passes through San Onofre State Beach and near
8250-460: The San Diego region would face Kumeyaay raids in the late 1830s and the town itself would face raids in the 1840s. Americans gained an increased awareness of California, and its commercial possibilities, from the writings of two countrymen involved in the often officially forbidden, to foreigners, but economically significant hide and tallow trade, where San Diego was a major port and the only one with an adequate harbor: William Shaler 's "Journal of
8400-443: The San Francisco Bay Area. From here, I-5 crosses the California Aqueduct for the final time and intersects SR 132 , a major route to Modesto and the mountains in the east, as well as the northern end of SR 33. After passing Tracy, I-5 intersects I-205 , a connector route to I-580, before intersecting the SR 120 freeway near Manteca . After passing through Lathrop , I-5 heads due north through Stockton, intersecting
8550-453: The San Joaquin Valley via the Mojave Desert and Tehachapi Pass . In 1910, Beale's Cut was bypassed by the Newhall Tunnel. Constructed by Los Angeles County, it was too narrow for two trucks to pass each other inside. As a result, in 1939, the tunnel was completely removed (or " daylighted ") when the road was widened to four lanes. Additionally, by 1930, a bypass road was constructed to avoid Newhall Pass via Weldon and Gavin canyons, which
8700-480: The Spanish settlement, making it the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Serra. The mission became a site for a Kumeyaay revolt in 1775, which forced the mission to relocate six miles (10 km) up the San Diego River. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around
8850-439: The Tejon Pass and Grapevine typically gets snow at higher elevations during the winter. Although Caltrans may require vehicles to use snow tires , snow chains , or other traction devices during and after snowstorms , the California Highway Patrol will instead usually close this segment altogether during these conditions because of the steep grade of the pass, and the amount of passenger traffic and big-rigs that generally use
9000-509: The Utica Avenue exit to I-580, I-5 parallels the eastern foothills of the Diablo Range . It crosses the California Aqueduct for the second time. In Kings County, I-5 intersects SR 41 before briefly entering the city limits of Avenal, where it intersects SR 269 . In Fresno County , I-5 intersects SR 198 and SR 145 before running concurrently with SR 33 for several miles. I-5 then crosses into Merced County , intersecting SR 165 , SR 152 and SR 33 near
9150-480: The West Side Freeway (I-5) saw the development of businesses serving the needs of travelers. For years, there has still been interest in designating the Golden State Highway route as its own interstate, I-7 or I-9 . The median on I-5 between Wheeler Ridge and Tracy is wide enough to accommodate widening the West Side Freeway to six or eight lanes, should the need arise. I-5's more direct Los Angeles-to-Sacramento route bypasses San Francisco, San Jose , Oakland , and
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#17327911882559300-431: The West Side Freeway and the Golden State Highway. The third phase, completed in 1979, extended the freeway to Sacramento and connected it to the northern I-5. When the second phase of the freeway opened in 1972, it was a long and lonely route with no businesses alongside. Services were not easily available as the nearest towns were miles away and generally out of sight. It was common for cars to run out of fuel. Over time
9450-416: The West". The city was home to important airplane developers and manufacturers like Ryan Airlines (later Ryan Aeronautical ), founded in 1925, and Consolidated Aircraft (later Convair ), founded in 1923. Charles A. Lindbergh 's plane, the Spirit of St. Louis , was built in San Diego in 1927 by Ryan Airlines. During World War II , San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to
9600-424: The World from the free speech protest in downtown San Diego to Sorrento valley. Vigilantes subjected these protesters to patriot indoctrination and forced them to kneel in front of the flag and sing the "Star Spangled Banner" in-key, which left an unknown number of IWW members dead or injured. Those that survived the ordeal were forcibly exiled from the City of San Diego under the threat of death. The construction of
9750-401: The abduction of Emma Goldman 's husband Ben Reitman and multiple riots . San Diego's proximity to Tijuana during the Mexican Revolution made this one of the most significant free speech fights during the Wobbly era. In 1916, the neighborhood of Stingaree , the original home of San Diego's first Chinatown and "Soapbox Row", was demolished by anti- vice campaigners to make way for
9900-415: The area around 1000 C.E. Archaeologist Malcolm Rogers hypothesized that the early cultures of San Diego were separate from the Kumeyaay, yet this claim is disputed, with others noting that it does not account for cultural evolution . Rogers later reevaluated his claims, yet they were influential in shaping historical tellings of early San Diego history. The Kumeyaay established villages scattered across
10050-409: The area for the Catholic Saint Didacus , a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá . On November 12, 1602, the first Christian religious service of record in Alta California was conducted by Friar Antonio de la Ascensión, a member of Vizcaíno's expedition, to celebrate the feast day of San Diego. The permanent European colonization of both California and San Diego began in 1769 with
10200-427: The area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because its location on San Diego Bay was convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as Old Town , and became the economic and governmental heart of the city. Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878. In 1884–1886, John J. Montgomery made
10350-401: The arrival of four contingents of Spaniards from New Spain and the Baja California peninsula. Two seaborne parties reached San Diego Bay: the San Carlos , under Vicente Vila and including as notable members the engineer and cartographer Miguel Costansó and the soldier and future governor Pedro Fages , and the San Antonio , under Juan Pérez . An initial overland expedition to San Diego from
10500-406: The canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from Japan , and later from the Portuguese Azores and Italy whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like Little Italy and Point Loma . Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s. Downtown San Diego was in decline in the 1960s and 1970s, but experienced some urban renewal since
10650-399: The carpool lanes of SR 14 and I-5 opened in 2014. The second phase was between Buena Vista Street and SR 170, and the carpool lane opened in 2014. This phase also included a flyover between the existing carpool lane of SR 170 and the newly constructed I-5. The freeway in this phase went through no improvements, and used existing median shoulders to construct the HOV lane, thus all
10800-613: The carpool lanes on the SR ;170 and SR 14 freeways (an additional direct connector with the HOV lanes on I-405 near Mission Hills is planned. ) This allows a continuous HOV lane to run from Palmdale to North Hollywood via SR 14 to I-5 to SR 170. I-5 continues along the western city limits of Santa Clarita and passes Six Flags Magic Mountain , intersecting SR 126 just north of there. The Golden State Freeway then rises sharply, passing by Lake Castaic and undergoing
10950-498: The center of San Diego. The first skyscraper over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego was the El Cortez Hotel , built in 1927; it was the tallest building in the city until 1963. As time went on, multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the 530 B Street and Symphony Towers . Currently the tallest building in San Diego is One America Plaza , standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which
11100-416: The century and a half that records have been kept. In 1949 and 1967, snow remained on the ground for a few hours in higher locations like Point Loma and La Jolla . The other three occasions, in 1882, 1946, and 1987, involved flurries but no accumulation. On February 21, 2019, snow fell and accumulated in residential areas of the city, but none fell in the downtown area. Like much of Southern California ,
11250-610: The city limits of San Diego. I-5 subsequently intersects with four state routes: the southern end of SR 15 (the extension of I-15 ), SR 75 and the Coronado Bridge , the western end of SR 94 , and SR 163 . In addition to serving downtown San Diego, I-5 also provides access to Balboa Park from the Pershing Drive exit. The portion of I-5 from the Mexican border to SR 94 at downtown San Diego
11400-513: The city of Williams and intersecting SR 20 . In Glenn County , I-5 intersects SR 162 in Willows and SR 32 in Orland . I-5 then crosses into Tehama County , passing through Corning before entering Red Bluff and intersecting SR 36 , which connects to the northern end of SR 99. I-5 crosses the Sacramento River twice before entering Shasta County . I-5 then enters
11550-459: The city's economy by focusing on research and science, as well as tourism. From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supported
11700-477: The city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians. The plan was scheduled to launch on September 22, 1945, but was not carried out because Japan surrendered five weeks earlier. After World War II, the military continued to play a major role in the local economy, but post- Cold War cutbacks took a heavy toll on the local defense and aerospace industries. The resulting downturn led San Diego leaders to seek to diversify
11850-428: The coast are prone to wildfire , and the rates of fire increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas. San Diego's broad city limits encompass a number of large nature preserves, including Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve , Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve , and Mission Trails Regional Park . Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve and a coastal strip continuing to
12000-494: The collapsed flyover ramp from SR 14 south to I-5 south. After both earthquakes, the collapsed portions were rebuilt and surviving portions reinforced. In the evening of October 12, 2007, two trucks collided in the southbound tunnel that takes the truck bypass roadway under the main lanes near the Newhall Pass interchange. Fifteen trucks caught fire, killing three people and injuring ten. The Ridge Route refers to
12150-521: The corridor. Whenever there is such a closure, traffic must either wait for it to reopen, or endure a multi-hour detour. An automated gate on the freeway's median in Castaic north of Lake Hughes Road allows drivers to turn around when such closures occur. From SR 99 at Wheeler Ridge to Woodland , I-5 is known as the West Side Freeway. I-5 parallels SR 33 , skirting along
12300-545: The county line, I-5 goes through several cities southeast of Los Angeles, including La Mirada , Santa Fe Springs , and Norwalk . In Downey , I-5 intersects I-605 , which serves as a north–south connector route between the cities east of Los Angeles, including those in the San Gabriel Valley . I-5 then enters Commerce , passing the Citadel Outlets shopping center, and intersects I-710 before entering
12450-618: The county line. At an OCTA board meeting in August 2024, it was discussed that preliminary engineering is ongoing and will be complete next year. However, a timeline for actual construction was not provided. This extension would give way for I-5 to have carpool lanes for its entire length in Orange County, plus the newly widened section in Los Angeles County, for a total of 50 miles. OCTA and Caltrans are expected to work with
12600-451: The driving wheels, except 4WD vehicles with snow tires. Additionally, during the winter season, trucks are required to carry chains whether or not controls are in force. The portion of this highway from Los Angeles to San Diego was also co-signed as US 101 until 1964–1968. The portion of this highway from Woodland to Red Bluff roughly follows old US 99W. In California, the former western branch of Interstate 5 (the northern end of
12750-632: The early 1980s, including the opening of Horton Plaza , the revival of the Gaslamp Quarter, and the construction of the San Diego Convention Center ; Petco Park opened in 2004. Outside of downtown, San Diego annexed large swaths of land and for suburban expansion to the north and control of the San Ysidro Port of Entry . As the Cold War ended, the military shrank and so did defense spending. San Diego has since become
12900-517: The east of the city, and beyond the mountains are desert areas. The Cleveland National Forest is a half-hour drive from downtown San Diego. Numerous farms are found in the valleys northeast and southeast of the city. Under the Köppen–Geiger climate classification system , the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a hot semi-arid climate ( BSh in the original classification and BSkn in modified Köppen classification with
13050-448: The ensuing Battle of San Pasqual , fought in the San Pasqual Valley which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently, a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's battered and blockaded command. Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the " Treaty of Cahuenga " on January 13, 1847. As
13200-536: The entire day. Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C). The city of El Cajon , just 12 miles (19 km) inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 88 °F (31 °C). The average surface temperature of
13350-624: The far more remote western edge of the Central Valley , and is largely removed from the major population centers such as Bakersfield, Fresno and Modesto ; other state highways provide connections. I-5 still runs within the vicinity of Avenal , Coalinga , Los Banos , and a handful of other smaller cities on the western edge of the Central Valley. For most of this section, the Path ;15 electrical transmission corridor follows
13500-552: The fire, smoke resulted in a significant increase in emergency room visits due to asthma, respiratory problems, eye irritation, and smoke inhalation; the poor air quality caused San Diego County schools to close for a week. The October 2007 California wildfires destroyed some areas, particularly within Rancho Bernardo , as well as the nearby communities of Rancho Santa Fe and Ramona . The City of San Diego recognizes 52 individual areas as Community Planning Areas. Within
13650-575: The first controlled flights by an American in a heavier-than-air unpowered glider just south of San Diego at Otay Mesa, helping to pioneer a new science of aerodynamics. In 1912, San Diego was the site of a free speech fight between the Industrial Workers of the World and the city government who passed an ordinance forbidding the freedom of speech along an area of "Soapbox Row" that led to civil disobedience, vigilantism , police violence ,
13800-532: The flag of Castile , but possibly born in Portugal . Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad , New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site "San Miguel". In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast. Arriving on his flagship San Diego , Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named
13950-443: The freeway from the Sacramento River. However, the system slowly clogged up over the years with sand and silt buildup Major repair work of the Boat Section began on May 30, 2008. The construction was to take 40 days to complete, requiring complete northbound and southbound closures on an alternating schedule. In 1992, Caltrans finished upgrading the final 13 mile segment north of Lakehead . I-5 through north San Diego County
14100-424: The higher areas can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) per year. Variability from year to year can be dramatic: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941, more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell, whilst in the driest years there was as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm). The wettest month on record is December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm). Snow in the city is rare, having been observed only six times in
14250-602: The highway, forming an infrastructure corridor along with the California Aqueduct . After the Grapevine, I-5 crosses the California Aqueduct. This is first time out of 5 times that I-5 crosses the aqueduct. North of the Grapevine, I-5 intersects SR 166 , SR 119 and SR 43 before meeting SR 58 , a highway that continues east to Bakersfield, near the town of Buttonwillow . I-5 then intersects SR 46 before entering Kings County . From
14400-485: The historic period and presumably earlier as well, the river has shifted its flow back and forth between San Diego Bay and Mission Bay, and its fresh water was the focus of the earliest Spanish explorers. Miguel Costansó , a cartographer, wrote in 1769, "When asked by signs where the watering-place was, the Indians pointed to a grove which could be seen at a considerable distance to the northeast, giving to understand that
14550-465: The importance of its neighborhoods when it organized its 2008 General Plan around the concept of a "City of Villages". San Diego was originally centered on the Old Town district, but by the late 1860s the focus had shifted to the bayfront, in the belief that this new location would increase trade. As the "New Town" – present-day Downtown – waterfront location quickly developed, it eclipsed Old Town as
14700-745: The large unincorporated community of East Los Angeles and later the city proper of Los Angeles . When the freeway reaches the East Los Angeles Interchange 1 mi (1.6 km) east of downtown Los Angeles, I-5 becomes the Golden State Freeway as US 101 takes over the Santa Ana Freeway designation. At this interchange, I-10 , SR 60 , and US 101 intersect; I-10 continues north on I-5 for about 2 mi (3.2 km) before continuing east towards San Bernardino and points farther east. On
14850-567: The last three miles from SR 78 to Oceanside Harbor Drive, however, there is a lack of funding for them, and there are no plans to set aside funding from the state to construct them. In Orange County, the HOV lane opened in the mid-1990s between SR 1 and SR 91, following the widening of the freeway between SR 55 and SR 91, between SR 91 and Artesia Boulevard in 2010, and between SR 1 and Avenida Pico in 2018. Multiple carpool flyovers were constructed during this time to connect motorists from one freeway's carpool lanes to
15000-555: The latter. I-5 then intersects SR 55 and enters Santa Ana , the county seat of Orange County. Towards the northern side of Santa Ana, I-5 intersects both SR 57 and SR 22 in what is known as the Orange Crush interchange . Following this, I-5 briefly enters the city of Orange and then traverses Anaheim , passing along the north side of Disneyland . I-5 then intersects SR 91 , passes through Buena Park and crosses into Los Angeles County . After crossing
15150-558: The length of the state from the Mexican border at the San Ysidro Port of Entry in the San Ysidro neighborhood of San Diego to the Oregon state line south of the Medford - Ashland metropolitan area. It is the longest interstate in California at 796.77 miles (1,282.28 km), and accounts for more than half of I-5's total length of 1,381.29 miles (2,222.97 km). It is also the second longest stretch of Interstate Highway (and
15300-556: The longest for a north-south Interstate) with a single designation within a single state after I-10 in Texas . It is the more important and most-used of the two major north–south routes on the Pacific Coast, the other being U.S. Route 101 (US 101), which is primarily coastal. I-5 links the major California cities of San Diego, Santa Ana , Los Angeles , Stockton , Sacramento , and Redding . The San Francisco Bay Area
15450-425: The majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied on the west by coastal sage scrub and on the east by chaparral , plant communities made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including tidal marsh and canyons . The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along
15600-425: The median is 9.6 inches (240 mm). The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Although there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of
15750-539: The merge at I-5 and I-805 . The Sorrento Valley station is a stop for the Coaster commuter and Pacific Surfliner rail lines, which provide train links to Oceanside and Downtown San Diego . 32°54′09″N 117°11′07″W / 32.90250°N 117.18528°W / 32.90250; -117.18528 San Diego, California San Diego ( / ˌ s æ n d i ˈ eɪ ɡ oʊ / SAN dee- AY -goh , Spanish: [san ˈdjeɣo] )
15900-413: The mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild. Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The San Diego River runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley that serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. During
16050-633: The mission proper. Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in Alta California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real . Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks . In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain , and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California . In 1822, Mexico began its attempt to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill
16200-559: The n denoting summer fog) or a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ). San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters, with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round, with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches [230–330 mm] annually). The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances, resulting in microclimates . In San Diego, this
16350-681: The name was chosen in a public contest in 1927, but was never officially adopted. Since the construction of I-5, it has taken over the term "Golden State Freeway" from 99 south of the latter's southern terminus in Kern County. The Golden State Freeway was proposed by the California Highway Commission in 1953. The proposal drew strong criticism from East Los Angeles residents as it would dissect and eliminate large residential and commercial areas of Boyle Heights and Hollenbeck Heights. The proposal also seemed to indicate
16500-467: The newspaper The Eastside Sun wrote the freeway led to the "eradication, obliteration, razing, moving, ripping asunder, demolishing of Eastside homes." A widowed Edendale resident, Lomie Puckett, resisted the condemnation of one of her rental properties in August 1958 by using a rifle to threaten state workers and police. After a five-day standoff with police, the home was seized and later demolished. The section between Orange County and Los Angeles
16650-536: The next (see Exit List for a list of them). In 2013, ground broke on a major expansion of the freeway through La Mirada and Norwalk in neighboring Los Angeles County to the I-605 interchange, which included a carpool lane to Florence Avenue. The carpool lane fully opened in 2023. Currently, in San Clemente, there are studies to extend the carpool lanes from their current terminus at Avenida Pico to Cristianitos Road at
16800-520: The north constitute one of only two locations where the rare species of Torrey Pine, Pinus torreyana , is found. Due to the steep topography that prevents or discourages building, along with some efforts for preservation, there are also a large number of canyons within the city limits that serve as nature preserves, including Switzer Canyon , Tecolote Canyon Natural Park, and Marian Bear Memorial Park in San Clemente Canyon , as well as
16950-416: The north lies Mission Valley and Interstate 8 . The communities north of the valley and freeway, and south of Marine Corps Air Station Miramar , include Clairemont , Kearny Mesa , Tierrasanta , and Navajo . Stretching north from Miramar are the northern suburbs of Mira Mesa , Scripps Ranch , Rancho Peñasquitos , and Rancho Bernardo . The far northeast portion of the city encompasses Lake Hodges and
17100-701: The north side of downtown, the Golden State Freeway follows the Los Angeles River , intersects SR 110 and SR 2 and passes along the eastern side of Griffith Park . The route continues through the San Fernando Valley , intersecting the Ventura Freeway (SR 134). It briefly enters the city of Glendale and then Burbank , passing near Burbank Airport before reentering the Los Angeles city limits and intersecting
17250-737: The northern end of the Hollywood Freeway (SR 170). Near the city of San Fernando , I-5 intersects SR 118 . Following this, I-5 intersects three routes in succession: the northern end of I-405, the western end of I-210 , and the southern end of SR 14 at the Newhall Pass interchange . It then crosses the Newhall Pass through the Santa Susana Mountains into the Santa Clarita Valley . I-5's carpool lanes also have direct connectors with
17400-635: The number of bird species observed in the annual Christmas Bird Count , sponsored by the Audubon Society , and it is known as one of the "birdiest" areas in the United States. San Diego and its backcountry suffer from periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the Cedar Fire , at that time the largest wildfire in California over the past century. The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km ), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes. In addition to damage caused by
17550-408: The old Ridge Route, but was not enough to satisfy demand, and a conversion to a four-lane expressway was needed. The outbreak of World War II delayed this until 1948 and the fourth lane was completed in 1952. However, just three years later, plans were begun for converting the four-lane expressway to a six-lane freeway. The last major alteration to the Ridge Route began in the early 1960s. By then,
17700-401: The original façades to retain the architectural style. The menagerie of exotic animals featured at the 1915 exposition provided the basis for the San Diego Zoo . During the 1950s there was a citywide festival called Fiesta del Pacifico highlighting the area's Spanish and Mexican past. In the 2010s there was a proposal for a large-scale celebration of the 100th anniversary of Balboa Park, but
17850-589: The original overpasses were retained, and some undercrossings also have no right hand shoulder as a result. A third phase saw the widening between SR 134 and Buena Vista Street, and the carpool lane opened in 2022. This phase gave room for the replacement of the Burbank Boulevard bridge, and the opening of a new interchange at Empire Avenue, which replaced the Scott Road and Lincoln Street interchanges. The Empire Avenue interchange opened in 2019 and
18000-457: The plan for a six-lane freeway had expanded to eight lanes. This construction project made the most changes to the route. Many of the curves that followed the mountainside were cut through. To climb the mountain on the south side of Castaic more easily, traffic lanes were reversed (southbound lanes to the east and northbound lanes to the west). To prevent head-on collisions , the two ends of the route were separated on two different mountainsides, and
18150-520: The plans were abandoned when the organization tasked with putting on the celebration went out of business. The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans . Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of
18300-447: The population was Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population was of Mexican heritage, 1.4% Spanish and 0.6% Puerto Rican . The median age of Hispanic residents was 27.5 years, compared to 35.1 years overall and 41.6 years among non-Hispanic whites; Hispanic San Diegans were the largest group under the age of 18, while non-Hispanic whites constituted 63.1% of population 55 and older. As of January 2019 ,
18450-597: The presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865). During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for biological attack , starting with San Diego. The plan was called " Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night " and called for kamikaze planes filled with fleas infected with plague ( Yersinia pestis ) to crash into civilian population centers in
18600-424: The region, including the village of Kosa'aay which was the Kumeyaay village that the future settlement of San Diego would stem from in today's Old Town . The village of Kosa'aay was made up of thirty to forty families living in pyramid-shaped housing structures and was supported by a freshwater spring from the hillsides. The first European to visit the region was explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo , sailing under
18750-431: The residents of San Clemente during the process, as several bridges may have to be replaced with wider ones, and buildings may have to be demolished for the widening. North of downtown Los Angeles, the freeway is currently going widening, which includes the addition of HOV lanes in four phases. The first phase was the opening of a carpool lane between carpool lane between SR 170 and SR 14 in 2011. A flyover between
18900-561: The rest of the San Francisco Bay Area. Original plans also called for a loop Interstate with a directional suffix, I-5W. This route now roughly corresponds to I-580 from I-5 south of Tracy to Oakland, I-80 from Oakland to Vacaville, and I-505 from Vacaville to I-5 near Dunnigan. I-5W and most of the other Interstates around the country with directional suffixes were eventually renumbered or eliminated, except I-35E and I-35W in Texas and Minnesota. Nevertheless, San Francisco
19050-466: The second-largest median in California after I-8 's In‑Ko‑Pah grade. In Siskiyou County , I-5 passes through Dunsmuir before intersecting SR 89 near Lake Siskiyou and entering the city of Mount Shasta . North of here, US 97 intersects I-5 in Weed , providing access to Klamath Falls, Oregon . The Interstate then continues to Yreka , intersecting SR 3 and SR 96 before crossing
19200-691: The section of highway between Castaic and Grapevine, through the Tejon Pass. The highway had its origins in the early 1910s, when a route was needed to connect Los Angeles to the Central Valley. Some believed that the only option was the route through the Mojave Desert and the Tehachapi Mountains, but a new route was discovered through the Tejon Pass. This route became known as the Ridge Route and saw almost constant planning, construction, and improvement from 1914 to 1970. The first road
19350-556: The section through Piru Canyon was moved to an entirely new alignment to make room for Pyramid Lake. The project was completed by 1970 and brought the Ridge Route to its current alignment. When the Interstate Highway System was created in 1956, there was discussion about which way to route the interstate through the San Joaquin Valley (Central Valley). Two proposals were considered. One was to convert
19500-639: The south was led by the soldier Fernando Rivera and included the Franciscan missionary, explorer, and chronicler Juan Crespí , followed by a second party led by the designated governor Gaspar de Portolà and including the mission president (and now saint) Junípero Serra . In May 1769, Portolà established the Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River above the Kumeyaay village of Cosoy, which would later become incorporated into
19650-567: The spread of European diseases plagued the area. In the 1880s, the California Southern Railroad was constructed through the valley to connect National City and San Bernardino with Chinese laborers who previously worked on the Central Pacific Railroad in the 1860s. During the 1912 San Diego free speech fight , vigilantes aligned with police brought arrested members of the Industrial Workers of
19800-458: The spur into the Bay Area) connecting I-80 out of Vacaville to near Dunnigan, previously known as I-5W , was renamed I-505 . Interstate 580 running between I-5 and I-80 was also once designated 5W; what is now I-5 (the stretch that runs through Sacramento) had been originally designated I-5E . The term "Golden State Highway" was the popular name for US 99 through the length of California;
19950-412: The threat of legal consequences appears to have played a role in the reduction. In 2000 there were 451,126 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% were non-families. Households made up of individuals account for 28.0%, and 7.4% had someone living alone who
20100-571: The town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1, the American garrison learned that the dragoons of General Stephen W. Kearney were at Warner's Ranch . Commodore Robert F. Stockton sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain Archibald Gillespie to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under Andrés Pico . In
20250-581: The towns of Saugus and Newhall , and then crossed Newhall Pass (current route of SR 14, the Antelope Valley Freeway). In 1862, Beale's Cut was made in the construction of a toll wagon road. The 15 ft wide (4.6 m) by 60 ft deep (18 m) "slot" was dug with picks and shovels. That road would become part of the Midway Route. At the turn of the century, it was the most direct automobile route between Los Angeles and
20400-493: The urban core. According to data from the Downtown San Diego Partnership, the number of individuals living outside or in vehicles has reached a two-year low, standing at approximately 1,200 as of last month. The decrease is attributed to the implementation of the city's camping ban and the concerted efforts to establish new shelters. While enforcement has led to relatively few individuals being punished,
20550-460: The vote. Beyond the town, Mexican land grants expanded the number of California ranchos that modestly added to the local economy. (See, List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego .) However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s, due to increasing tension between the settlers and the indigenous Kumeyaay and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents. The ranchos in
20700-561: The water at Scripps Pier in the California Current has increased by almost 3 °F (1.7 °C) since 1950, according to scientists at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography . Additionally, the mean minimum is now above 40 °F (4 °C), putting San Diego in hardiness zone 11, with the last freeze having occurred many decades ago. Annual rainfall along the coast averages 10.65 inches (271 mm) and
20850-601: The western end of SR 905 , a route that connects with the Otay Mesa border crossing . I-5 then continues northward and joins the southern end of SR 75 , a highway connecting to Coronado via the Silver Strand . I-5 then enters Chula Vista , briefly leaving the San Diego city limits. It continues along the east side of San Diego Bay where it intersects with SR 54 and enters National City . From there, I-5 veers around Naval Base San Diego and reenters
21000-734: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61, and the average family size was 3.30. Interstate 5 in California Interstate ;5 ( I-5 ) is a major north–south route of the Interstate Highway System in the United States, running largely parallel to the Pacific Coast between the Mexican border and the Canadian border . The segment of I-5 in California runs across
21150-487: Was arranged with tool manufacturing land use east of what is now Sorrento Valley Road and residential use west of the road around Roselle St. Gaspar de Portolá 's expedition visited the valley in 1769 and found it to have a high capacity of agriculture. The village of Ystagua to be a trade hub. The area would be later be referred as Ranchería de la Nuestra Señora de la Soledad to the Spanish missionaries. The population of Ystagua had dropped to about 100 residents by 1800 after
21300-400: Was completed in 1915. It was a slow, winding, two-lane road through the mountains with a speed limit of 15 mph (24 km/h) in some places. However, the need for improvements was realized soon after it was completed. The road was paved after World War I , and several blind turns were opened up ("daylighted"). Even with these improvements in the 1920s, it became clear that a new route
21450-496: Was completed in 1991. The downtown skyline contains no supertall buildings due to a regulation put in place by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the 1970s, which set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings within a one-mile (1.6 km) radius of San Diego International Airport . An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of
21600-448: Was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889. A city charter was reestablished in 1889, and today's city charter was adopted in 1931. The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park . The location
21750-402: Was flooded with 15 ft (4.6 m) of water. Caltrans began constructing this section during the 1960s and 1970s. The freeway was engineered below grade so it would be out of the view of offices and shops in downtown Sacramento. To achieve this, the site was excavated and the seeping water was pumped from the area. An intricate drainage system, water pump and retaining wall are used to protect
21900-410: Was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1834 , and most of the Mission lands were granted to former soldiers. The 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo , and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde ("municipal magistrate"), defeating Pío Pico in
22050-446: Was home to a Kumeyaay village then known as Ystagua (pronounced "istawa") meaning 'worm's (larvae) house' in the Kumeyaay language . The village had been continuously occupied from as early as 1800 BCE, and had a peak population of 200 residents around the year 1700. The village of Ystagua was a major manufacturing, food processing, and trade center in the region, with ample access to shellfish, fish, game , and wild grasses. The village
22200-442: Was needed to keep up with increasing demand. In 1927, plans were drawn up for a "Ridge Route Alternate", named as it was planned as an addition to the existing Ridge Route and not as a replacement. It opened in 1933 as a three-lane highway through the mountains. The middle or "suicide lane" was used as an overtaking lane for cars in both directions. This route was a great improvement, faster and 9.7 mi (15.6 km) shorter than
22350-440: Was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water at its port at La Playa . In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only of a pier, a few houses and an Army depot for the support of Fort Yuma . After 1854, the fort became supplied by sea and by steamboats on
22500-483: Was originally designed to have three lanes in each direction. Due to high traffic demand, the freeway started undergoing major extensions and widening in the early 1990s in Orange County. Work from SR 91 north through the Los Angeles–Orange County line was completed in 2010. Reconstruction between the county line and Interstate 605 began in 2013 and was completed by early 2023. The original route went through
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