88-463: The Francis Bowes Sayre Sr. Highway or simply the Sayre Highway is a four-to-six lane, 192-kilometre (119 mi), primary national highway that connects Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental to Kabacan, Cotabato . It traverses the provinces of Misamis Oriental , Bukidnon and Cotabato . The highway's name was Route 3 but was changed to Sayre Highway, in honor of Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr. ,
176-667: A contract with the Archaeological Studies Program (ASP) of the University of the Philippines to do salvage archaeology in Huluga and vicinities. The program did not make cooperative linkages with existing archeological programs from Xavier University. The ASP declared that the site was an ancient camp, not a settlement, due to their findings in the destroyed archaeological site. The report did not consider
264-406: A fairly young population, with ages 14 and below accounting 42.15% or 446, 952. The 15-34 age bracket account for 33.68% of the province's population or 357,112. Ages 55 and above barely accounts 6.5% of the total. The average population growth rate of the province is 2.05% (2.03% if exponential) from 2000 to 2010. Male-to-female ratio in the province stood at 1.06. The average population density for
352-660: A report of British explorer Thomas Forrest , was considered as among the Mindanao 's seven rivers abundant with gold; with a sitio , known for its gold mines, frequently raided by Moros during the Spanish occupation . Through Act No. 951 , issued by the Philippine Commission on October 21, 1903, which reduced the number of municipalities in Misamis from 24 to 10, the territories of Barrio Gusa, along with
440-515: A road in Asia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental Cagayan de Oro ( CDO ), officially the City of Cagayan de Oro ( Cebuano : Dakbayan sa Cagayan de Oro ; Maranao : Bandar a Cagayan de Oro ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Cagayan de Oro ), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the region of Northern Mindanao , Philippines . According to
528-632: A spur route of Asian Highway 26 in the north; and National Route 943 ( N943 ) in the southern portion of the Philippine highway network . Intersections are numbered by kilometre post, with the Rizal Park in Manila designated as kilometre 0 . This article about transportation in Philippines is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to
616-593: Is 10,498.59 square kilometres (4,053.53 sq mi),10,498.59 making it the largest in Mindanao in terms of land area. It accounts for 59 percent (59%) of Northern Mindanao . Thirty-eight percent (38%) is classified as alienable and disposable. The rest is timberland forest. It also accounts for 80 percent (80%) or 34 million metric tons of the region's nonmetallic mineral deposits, which include high grade white and red clay, gold, chromite, copper, serpentine, manganese, quartz and limestone deposits can also be found in
704-830: Is a biodiverse area that hosts endemic fauna. It is home to the critically endangered Philippine eagle , the vulnerable Philippine deer , the Philippine flying lemur , and the Mindanao gymnure . The Mount Kitanglad Mountain Range is home to the Philippine eagle, the Mindanao pygmy fruit bat , the Kitanglad shrew-mouse ( Crunomys suncoides ) , and the gray-bellied mountain rat ( Limonmys bryophilus ). Rafflesia schadenbergiana has also been found on Mount Kitanglad. Mount Musuan and Mount Kalatungan, along with Mount Malindang in Misamis Occisdental, are also home to
792-490: Is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Northern Mindanao region . Its capital is the city of Malaybalay while Valencia is the largest city. The province borders, clockwise from the north, Misamis Oriental , Agusan del Sur , Davao del Norte , Cotabato , Lanao del Sur , and Lanao del Norte . According to the 2020 census, the province is inhabited by 1,541,308 residents. The province
880-404: Is composed of 2 component cities and 20 municipalities. It is the third largest province in the country in terms of total area of jurisdiction behind Palawan and Isabela respectively. The name "Bukidnon" means "highlander" or "mountain dweller." Occupying a wide plateau in the north central part of the island of Mindanao , the province is considered to be the food basket of the region, being
968-868: Is found in Maramag , Bukidnon, which was the result of the construction of the Pulangi IV Hydroelectric Dam of the National Power Corporation (NPC) in the course of the Pulangi River. There are also numerous springs and waterfalls located in the province. Some of the waterfalls include the Alalum Falls, Dimadungawan Falls, Dila Falls, Gantungan Falls, Natigbasan Falls, Sagumata Falls, Magubo Falls, and Balisbisan Falls. The Pantaron Mountain Range in Bukidnon
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#17327719935731056-404: Is located about eight kilometers from present-day Cagayan de Oro. The discovery of a grave site in 2009 uncovered remains of Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) celadon ware and Sukhothai period (1238–1347 AD) Sangkhalok ceramic ware , in addition to body ornaments and stone tools. It indicates that the region was part of the ancient maritime trading network of Southeast Asia . Skulls recovered from
1144-466: Is no pronounced rain period but relatively dry during the months of November to May. In the southern portion of the province, the climate is classified as Type IV with no dry season. The driest area is Baungon, while the wettest is the Calabugao plain. The climate is relatively cool and humid throughout the year. The average annual rainfall is 2,800 millimeters (110 in). Just like in other parts of
1232-657: The Cagayan de Oro River . The name Cagayan de Oro (lit. River of Gold) can be traced back to the arrival of the Spanish Augustinian Recollect friars in 1622, the area around Himologan (now Huluga), was already known as "Cagayán". Early Spanish written documents in the 16th century already referred to the place as "Cagayán". Variations of this word— karayan , kayan , kahayan , kayayan , kagayan and kalayan —all also mean river. The region of Northern Mindanao , which included Cagayan de Oro,
1320-705: The Indigenous people of Bukidnon, there were four main tribes in Central Mindanao: the Maranaos who dwell in Lanao del Sur, and the Maguindanao, Manobo and Talaandig tribes who respectively inhabit the eastern, southern, and north-central portions of the original province of Cotabato . When the civil government divided central Mindanao into provinces at the turn of the 20th century, the groups included in
1408-661: The Lumad peoples , including the Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, and Talaandig. Their cultures and traditions are embodied in oral folk literature of the province, which are classified into; antoka (riddles), basahan (proverbs or wise sayings), kaliga (ceremonial songs), limbay (lyric poem), sala (love song), idangdang (ballad), ulaging (epic), and nanangon (folktales). Religion is monotheistic. They believe in one God . Magbabaya (the ruler of all) has minor gods and goddesses under his command (Example: Bulalakaw watches rivers and lakes, Tumpas Nanapiyaw or Itumbangol watches
1496-655: The People Power Revolution through rallies in the streets of the city. When the revolution succeeded and ousted Marcos from power in Manila, the city was among those who supported the installation of Corazon Aquino as president. On 4 October 1990, the city was seized by a rebel army led by dissident RAM officer Alexander Noble and civilian supporters of the Mindanao Independence Movement led by Reuben Canoy , who marched across
1584-589: The Philippine flag was raised for the second time in Mindanao . At that time, the town joined the Aguinaldo government in the second time it was declared. Spain's cession of the Philippines to the United States through a peace treaty in 1898 mainly caused opposition from residents of then Cagayan de Misamis. Their involvement in the Philippine–American War was prompted by the presence of
1672-570: The Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1977 was dated to be from between 350 and 377 AD. The caves have yielded numerous artifacts, but most areas have been badly damaged by guano collectors and amateur treasure hunters . Associated with the cave is the Huluga Open Site, believed to be the site of the primary pre-colonial settlement in the region identified as "Himologan" by the first Spanish missionaries. The site
1760-592: The sultan of the Islamized Sultanate of Maguindanao to the south. In 1626, Fray Agustín de San Pedro persuaded the chief of Himologan, Datu Salangsang, to transfer his settlement down the Cagayan River, to the present-day Gaston Park. De San Pedro later fortified the new settlement against Sultan Kudarat's raiders. In 1738, Spanish dominance was felt in Cagayan de Oro. When Misamis gained
1848-574: The 2020 census, it has a population of 728,402 people, making it the 10th most populous city in the Philippines and the most populous in Northern Mindanao. It serves as the capital of the province of Misamis Oriental wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority , but governed administratively independent from the provincial government and also
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#17327719935731936-485: The 4th, 5th, 8th, 17th, and 30th highest mountains in the country respectively, are also found in the province. Bukidnon was consecutively ranked 5th in the list of richest provinces in the Philippines for four straight years according to the Commission on Audit 's 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021 Annual Financial Reports which were posted in 2019, early to late 2021, and 2022, respectively. According to oral history of
2024-555: The Americans, who had invaded the municipality on March 31, 1900, and whom they fought against thrice since then. Resistance fighters lost in the early battles. On April 7, Gen. Nicolas Capistrano led an attack in the town center , on the garrison of the U.S. 40th Infantry Regiment under Col. Edward Godwin, but were repulsed with heavy losses. On May 14, the positions of the 1st Company of El Mindanao Battalon in Agusan Hill
2112-467: The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and at least 20,000 people were staying in 10 evacuation centers in Cagayan de Oro. Officials were also investigating reports that an entire village was swept away. The confirmed death toll from the disaster is 1,268. In January 2017, Cagayan de Oro, along with other parts of Visayas and Mindanao, was impacted by a combination of a low-pressure area and
2200-570: The Malaybalay-Impasugong area and those around the volcanic cones approximate semi-temperate conditions and can support the cultivation of highland tropical crops. Based on the records of climatological stations within and near the province, lithology and land form, three agro-ecological zones are identified. One covers the mountainous eastern side (Central Cordillera), which is generally wet, with rainfall of about 2,340 to 4,000 millimeters (92 to 157 in) per annum. Another covers
2288-478: The Marcos regime. By the time martial law ended, more than a thousand people from the city had been tortured, raped, electrocuted, or salvaged. This included public school teacher Nicanor Gonzales Jr., who was detained for seven months and heavily tortured, leaving an abnormal growth on his skull. He was eventually honored in 2015 by having his name inscribed at the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani , which honors
2376-468: The Open Site and caves separate accession numbers. In 1999, however, mayor Vicente Y. Emano conceived the plan to bulldoze Huluga to give way to a road-and-bridge project. The project was stopped in 2001, but was eventually continued in 2002. The construction destroyed at least 60% of the archaeological site's open area, where the majority of artifacts can be found. Protests against the heritage destruction
2464-482: The Philippine eagle, the Mindanao wrinkled hornbill ( Aceros leococephalus ), and the Philippine tarsier ( Tarsius syrichta ). The three mountains are home to more than 1,000 plant species, including 12 that are endangered, 221 that are endemic, 17 that are rare, and 187 that are economically or socioculturally important. Bukidnon is subdivided into 20 municipalities and 2 cities . The province has 464 barangays under its jurisdiction. The table below shows
2552-748: The Philippines. In July 2024, the City Local Environment Office announced the discovery of a hidden and untouched cave in Dansolihon village . Described as time capsule , the second cave discovered in the city, like the Macahambus Cave , features water dripping , speleothem , stalactites , stalagmites and houses a bat colony . On the evening of December 16–17, 2011, Tropical Storm Sendong (international name Washi ) caused widespread flash flooding in Northern Mindanao. In Cagayan de Oro, hundreds living near
2640-473: The Pulangi River in Valencia. The Muleta River is found in the southern portion of the province covering the municipalities of Pangantucan , Don Carlos , Kitaotao , Dangcagan , Kibawe , Kadingilan and Damulog . It is another important tributary of the Pulangi River and flows southward. It will join the Pulangi River in the boundary of Bukidnon and Cotabato province. The Bobonawan River , found in
2728-508: The Top 20 Largest Barangays according to population. Bukidnon has four legislative districts namely the first , second , third and fourth districts . Based on the 2020 census, Bukidnon has a total population of 1,541,308 residents. In the 2000 census, males slightly edge the females with 546,234, accounting for about 52% of the province's total population while females, with 514,181, account about 48%. Based on age distribution, Bukidnon has
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2816-489: The U.S. Philippine High Commissioner who spearheaded its construction. It extends southward through central Mindanao for a distance of about 161 kilometers (100 mi), linking the northern and southern arms of Route 1 (Digos–Butuan Highway). This section of the Philippine national highway was constructed during the American occupation of the Philippines . The parts of the highway are composed of National Route 10 ( N10 ),
2904-785: The World War II. In 1945, the province was liberated from Japanese occupation by Filipino and American troops with the aid of Bukidnon-based Filipino guerrillas during the Second World War . Bukidnon is a landlocked plateau in North Central Mindanao. It is bounded on the north by Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro ; on the south by North Cotabato and Davao City ; on the east by Agusan del Sur and Davao del Norte ; and west by Lanao del Sur . It lies between parallels 7°25' and 8°38' north latitude and meridians 124°03' and 125°16' east longitude. Malaybalay ,
2992-500: The archeological importance of the site by declaring it as a "camp-like area" and not a settlement and thus not worthy of heritage protection under the laws. It was alleged by local conservationists that the UP-ASP team were influenced by the local government so the bridge project could continue. The site is still not protected and continues to be quarried, despite protests by local historians and archeologists. The Himologan settlement
3080-692: The area. This caused the HCA to file a case against Emano and the contractor, UKC Builders, before the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB). However, the construction continued and was inaugurated in September 2003 by Emano. A day later, president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo made a speech in UNESCO about her administration's gains in cultural conservation. In January 2004, the city council enacted an ordinance that authorized Emano to sign
3168-504: The banks of the Cagayan de Oro River were killed, with hundreds still missing. Officials said that despite government warning, some people did not evacuate. Five people were killed in a landslide, while others died in the flash floods which occurred overnight, following 10 hours of rain , compounded by overflowing rivers and tributaries. Most of the victims had been sleeping. In some areas, up to 20 centimeters of rain fell in 24 hours. More than 2,000 were rescued, according to
3256-504: The bases of the earth, night, and day). Many of the province's inhabitants, however, are descendants of immigrants from Cebu or elsewhere in Central Visayas. The majority of the population are Christians (predominantly Roman Catholic , 80.7%. Significant other Christian denomination minority at 15%, followed by Islam (4%), and other religious groups comprising 0.3%. Ethnic religion is still in practice by native Lumads across
3344-517: The capital town, is about 850 kilometers (530 mi) by air from Manila and 91 kilometers (57 mi) by road from Cagayan de Oro. It has two important landmarks, Mount Kitanglad and Pulangi River . Mount Kitanglad has a peak of 2,899 meters (9,511 ft) above sea level. Pulangi River, on the other hand, traverses through the northeastern and southern part of the province towards the Rio Grande de Mindanao . The province's total land area
3432-470: The central part of the province. It is also in the national roads of these cities/municipalities that daily road use volume are high. The lingua franca of the region is Cebuano . Minority languages include Higaonon, Bukid, Ilianen, Matigsalug, Hiligaynon, Maranao , Maguindanao , Iranun , Ilocano , and Waray . Tagalog and English are generally understood and widely used in schools, business, and government offices. According to ethnicity, majority of
3520-542: The city and took over the regional military garrison at Camp Edilberto Evangelista as part of an attempted coup against President Corazon Aquino. However, Noble's forces failed to gain further support and were isolated by government forces, culminating in Noble's surrender and Canoy's arrest on 6 October. In 1992, the National Museum of the Philippines recognized the archaeological value of Huluga when it gave
3608-528: The city for any length of time due to the constant pressure and attacks from the Philippine resistant movement. Combined American and Free Philippine forces landed in Cagayan de Oro on May 10, 1945, three years and 7 days after the Japanese occupation. During this period the Japanese committed many atrocities against the local population of Cagayan de Oro, as they did throughout the Philippines. Colonel Fumio Suzuki and two hundred of his men escaped capture during
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3696-432: The city, where enslaved local girls and teenagers were forced by Japanese soldiers into sexual slavery, which included routine gang-rapes and murders. The Japanese army implemented a scorch-earth policy. Filipino and American guerrilla forces fought back during this occupation and American planes bombed both the university and San Agustin church on October 10, 1944. The Japanese were never able to successfully move outside
3784-671: The country, rainfall is more pronounced from June to October compared to other months of the year. February to April are the drier months. Temperature ranges vary with elevation. In areas lower than 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level (m.a.s.l.), the recorded temperature range is between 20 and 34 °C (68 and 93 °F). Areas with elevations greater than 500 meters (1,600 ft) above sea level would have temperatures ranging from 18 to 28 °C (64 to 82 °F). Relative humidity also varies with elevation, with those above 500 m having relative humidity of about 80%, while areas lying below 500 meters (1,600 ft), 65-7 percent. Thus,
3872-423: The eastern side. Cagayan de Oro is located along the north central coast of Mindanao island facing Macajalar Bay and is bordered by the municipalities of Opol to the west, Tagoloan to the east, and the provinces of Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte to the south of the city. Cagayan de Oro is also famous for its white water rafting or kayaking adventures, one of the tourism activities being promoted along
3960-481: The evacuation of residents during the war, and the town's short distance from Cagayan, Gusa was reverted to a barrio , being part of Agusan. Agusan became one of the ten barrios of Cagayan in 1844. It was the starting point for those traveling to Bukidnon until the late 1920s. On May 14, 1900, the 1st Company of the Mindanao Battalion perished in a battle against the Americans on the hills near
4048-650: The findings of Xavier University. The issue later climbed into the Philippine Senate, where Loren Legarda issued a resolution for investigation of the matter, but the investigation was never approved by the other members of the Senate. The artifacts found in the Huluga Caves and its destroyed open site from 1992 to 2003 are housed in Xavier University, Capitol University, and the University of
4136-535: The floodwaters. A basement parking area of a mall at the corner of Corrales St. was covered with water, while another one near Bitan-ag Creek was flooded as well, even though the area was elevated. Bukidnon Bukidnon ( / b uː ˈ k ɪ d n ɒ n / ), officially the Province of Bukidnon ( Cebuano : Lalawigan sa Bukidnon ; Filipino : Lalawigan ng Bukidnon ; Hiligaynon : Kapuroan sang Bukidnon ; Binukid and Higaonon : Probinsya ta Bukidnon ),
4224-479: The guidance of the United States. Consequently, from a purely farming-fishing area, Cagayan de Oro emerged into a booming commerce and trade center, attracting migrants from Luzon and Visayas to settle in the area. Americans gave the Philippines its independence on July 4, 1946. On May 3, 1942, American and Philippine forces fought heroically against invading Japanese forces from Panay. Unable to resist
4312-474: The high altitude volcanic plains, the Malaybalay-Impasug-ong area, and the foot slopes of Mount Kitanglad, and Mount Kalatungan. These areas have an annual rainfall in the range of 2,490 to 3,680 millimeters (98 to 145 in). The third zone covers the south-central and the north-western parts of the province, with elevations of less than 500 meters, relatively dry with mean annual rainfall in
4400-411: The highest population among the four provincial congressional districts, with 31.86% of the total population of the province. It is followed by District II with 26.45% of the total population and District I with a population share of 21.36%. The least populated district is District IV with population percentage share of 20.33%. Valencia has the highest population among the cities/municipalities of
4488-527: The increase of immigrants later resulted in all of the natives leaving the area. At the time of the American occupation , during the Philippine–American War , in 1901, Gen. Nicolas Capistrano chose to meet there twice with the American military officials for a peace conference, held in Julian Gevero's residence, eventually ending the year-long war. However, due to decrease of population following
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#17327719935734576-603: The lake is located. Another lake is found in Pigtauranan, Pangantucan called the Napalit Lake . The lake covers an area of 36 hectares and is one of the tourist spots in Pangantucan, Bukidnon. There are 24 floating islets in the lake. The third significant inland body of water in the province is Apo Lake at Guinoyoran, Valencia . It occupies an approximate area of 25 hectares. A man-made lake called Maramag Basin
4664-428: The land resource of the province is of rugged hills and mountains and 33% of undulating to rolling terrain. At Mailag, 23 kilometers (14 mi) south of Malaybalay , the plateau begins to descend and gradually merges into the lowlands of Cotabato province. Two types of climate are roughly divided by the northern and southern areas of Bukidnon. The northern part is classified as belonging to Type III, that is, there
4752-434: The largest city of that province. It also serves as the regional center and business hub of Northern Mindanao, and part of the growing Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro area, which includes the city of El Salvador , the towns of Opol , Alubijid , Laguindingan , Gitagum , Lugait , Naawan , Initao , Libertad and Manticao at the western side, and the towns of Tagoloan , Villanueva , Jasaan , Claveria and Balingasag at
4840-462: The liberation of the city and withdrew into the mountainous jungle. They were caught two years later; only 38 survived, by cannibalizing the Higaonon tribal people. At least 70 people were eaten. A Cagayanon, the physician Antonio Julian Montalvan , was a member of an espionage team working for the return of Gen. Douglas MacArthur to the Philippines. Later, he became part of a Manila spy network. He
4928-489: The longest river in the province, is a tributary of the Rio Grande de Mindanao . Its headwaters are found in the mountains of Kalabugao, Impasugong . It is the largest as well as the longest river found in the province. It covers the following cities and municipalities of the province: Impasugong , Malaybalay , Cabanglasan , San Fernando , Valencia , Maramag , Quezon , Don Carlos , Kitaotao , Dangcagan , Kibawe and Damulog . The Tagoloan River has its headwaters in
5016-543: The major producer of rice and corn . Products from plantations in the province also include pineapples , bananas and sugarcane . Situated within Bukidnon is Mount Dulang-dulang , the 2nd highest mountain in the country, with an elevation of 2,938 metres (9,639 ft) located in the Kitanglad Mountain Range . Mount Kitanglad (2,899 m), Mount Kalatungan (2,860 m), Mount Maagnaw (2,742 m), Mount Lumuluyaw (2,612 m), and Mount Tuminungan (2,400 m),
5104-464: The martyrs and heroes who resisted the authoritarian regime. Cagayan de Oro did not take these human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship lightly, and the city came to have a reputation as one of the centers of political opposition in the Philippines. Cagayan de Oro was declared a highly urbanized city by the Ministry of Local Government on November 22, 1983. In 1986, the city participated in
5192-487: The mountains of Can-ayan, Malaybalay. It traverses the province northwestward passing through Malaybalay, Impasugong, Sumilao, Manolo Fortich, Malitbog and finally empties into the sea at Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental . The Cagayan River watershed is found mostly in the municipality of Talakag. Its headwaters are found in the Kitanglad Mountain Range in central Bukidnon. The river flows northward through
5280-715: The municipalities of Talakag and Baungon . Its mouth lies at Cagayan de Oro in Misamis Oriental , where it is the main source of potable water. The Manupali River , a major tributary of the Pulangi River, starts in the mountains of Lantapan, Bukidnon , picking up tributaries along the way from the Kalatungan and Kitanglad Mountain Ranges. It forms part of the natural boundary of the Valencia and Lantapan . It flows eastward towards Malaybalay , eventually joining
5368-481: The municipality of Cabanglasan , is another tributary of the Pulangi River. It covers most of the parts of the municipality, flowing southward towards Pulangi River. Aside from the relatively important river systems, various lakes also dot the landscape of the province. Pinamaloy Lake , in Don Carlos, Bukidnon , is the largest in the province covering about 50 hectares. It was named after Barangay Pinamaloy, where
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#17327719935735456-510: The overwhelming and the better supplied Japanese, the allied forces retreated to more defensible positions outside the city. The Japanese burned most of the city and took up residence at the Ateneo de Cagayan University , now Xavier University Grade School and used the ferry crossing near San Agustin Church. In addition, the Japanese also established at least three (likely more) "comfort stations" in
5544-509: The people in Bukidnon are Cebuano accounting for approximately 41% of the total population. The Bukidnon Lumads (Bukidnon, Higaonon, Manobo, Talaandig, etc.) account for about 24% of the total population of the province. The Maranaos form about 8% of the total population followed by the Hiligaynon/Ilonggo and Boholano groups with 12.7% and 7.37%, respectively, of the province's total population. Indigenous inhabitants of Bukidnon are
5632-446: The province is 128 persons per square km. The cities/municipalities with the highest population densities are the following: Don Carlos (353/km ), Kitaotao (250/km ), Valencia (244/km ), Maramag (213/km ) and Quezon (202/km ). The cities/municipalities with the lowest densities, on the other hand are: Impasugong (29/km ), Talakag (58/km ), San Fernando (63/km ), Malitbog (75/km ) and Damulog (83/km ). District III has
5720-402: The province is composed of nearly level terraces, alluvial plains , canyons and gorges. The volcanic terraces and volcanic foot slopes that are ≥500 m above sea level are estimated to be about 221,600 hectares (548,000 acres). Gently rolling grassland plateau are cut by deep and wide canyons of the Cagayan , Pulangi , and Tagoloan rivers and their tributaries, which cover a greater part of
5808-418: The province of Agusan with Bukidnon as its sub-province. About a month later, on September 23, the rancheria of Malaybalay was designated as the sub-province's capital. Bukidnon became a regular province on March 10, 1917, by virtue of the creation of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu under Act 2711. In 1942, invading Japanese troops entered Bukidnon. Mount Capistrano was a civilian evacuation area in
5896-403: The province of Bukidnon are the Talaandig and the Manobo, as well as other smaller Lumad tribes. The Visayans , particularly the Cebuanos and the Hiligaynons from the Northern Mindanao coastline and the southern Visayas , migrated into the province. The Visayans are still referred to by the Lumad as the dumagat ("sea people") to distinguish them from the original mountain tribes. This
5984-500: The province with 192,993 inhabitants, accounting 13.64% of the province's total. It is closely followed by Malaybalay with 174,625 inhabitants or 12.34% of the provincial population. Quezon is at third with 104,116 inhabitants or 7.36% of the total, with Maramag and Manolo Fortich rounding out the fourth and fifth with 102,089 and 100,210 inhabitants, respectively. The four largest local government units of Bukidnon (Valencia, Malaybalay, Quezon, and Maramag) are clustered together in
6072-523: The province. Much of Bukidnon is an extensive plateau, but the southern and eastern boundaries are mountainous. The province's average elevation is 915 meters (3,002 ft) above sea level. The slope gradient peaks at 2,899 meters (9,511 ft) of Mount Kitanglad, an extinct volcano occupying the central portion. Two other mountain bodies are found in its southern portion, Mount Kalatungan and Mount Tangkulan, which rise to 2,287 meters (7,503 ft) and 1,678 meters (5,505 ft), respectively. The rest of
6160-445: The province. The Bukidnon plateau is mainly of volcanic zone consisting of pyroclastic , basaltic and andesitic cones. The whole eastern and southern border adjoining the provinces of Agusan , Davao del Norte , and Cotabato are covered by lofty and densely forested Pantaron Mountain Range , also known as the Central Cordillera. The Central Cordillera is a mountain range of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. About 49% of
6248-406: The range of 1,700 to 2,600 millimeters (67 to 102 in). Bukidnon is home to the largest concentration of watersheds in Mindanao. It is endowed with six major river systems, namely: Pulangi, Tagoloan, Cagayan, Manupali, Muleta, and Bobonawan rivers. These rivers and their tributaries carved the landscape of the province, creating numerous canyons into the plateau. The Pulangi River , considered
6336-516: The river. On May 10, 1945, the beaches of Agusan and Bugo were the landing sites of the soldiers of the United States Army 's 40th Division , which joined with that of the 31st Division in Bukidnon where they finally defeated the Japanese in a battle. Iponan (spelled "Yponan" in Spanish colonial records), originally called Kalumpang , was the place where there were streams meeting at one point to form Iponan River which, according to
6424-550: The same name (one being the longest in the Philippines ), the Cagayan Islands in the northern Sulu Sea, and the former Cagayan de Sulu, currently named Mapun , an island in Tawi-Tawi . The Cagayan de Oro area was continuously inhabited by Late Neolithic to Iron Age Austronesian cultures. The oldest human remains discovered was from the Huluga Caves , once used as a burial place by the natives. A skullcap sent to
6512-495: The sites show that native Kagay-anons practiced artificial cranial deformation since childhood as a mark of social status, similar to skulls from archeological sites in neighboring Butuan . The Huluga Open Site was extensively damaged in 2001 to give way to a bridge project by the local administration. It was the source of controversy when a team from the University of the Philippines -Archaeological Studies Program dismissed
6600-418: The socioeconomic development. Bukidnon became a part of Misamis in the latter part of 1850. The whole area was then called "Malaybalay" and the people were known as Bukidnons (highlanders or mountain dwellers). The Philippine Commission, then headed by Commissioner Dean C. Worcester , Secretary of Interior, proposed the separation of Bukidnon from Misamis Province. On August 20, 1907, Act No. 1693 created
6688-478: The status of a chartered city to the Municipality of Cagayan de Misamis. This was made possible through the efforts of then Cagayan de Oro Congressman Emmanuel Pelaez . Suniel was the last municipal mayor of Cagayan de Misamis and the first city mayor of Cagayan de Oro. During the martial law era, Cagayan de Oro was not spared from military bombings and the usage of brutal mechanisms against dissenters of
6776-467: The status of province in 1818, one of its four districts was the Partidos de Cagayan. In 1871, the "Partidos" became a town and was made a permanent capital of Misamis. On February 27, 1872, Governor-General Carlos María de La Torre issued a decree declaring Cagayan the permanent capital of Segundo Distrito de Misamis . During this era, the name of the town was known as Cagayan de Misamis . In 1883,
6864-490: The tail-end of a cold front . The heavy rain inundated many streets, stranding many commuters. At the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP) , about 900–1,000 students were trapped as most of their campus was flooded. The students were forced to climb to the upper floors of the school's buildings and wait until rescue arrived. The city's shopping malls on Claro M. Recto Avenue were also severely affected, with Limketkai Center completely inundated by
6952-467: The town became a seat of the Spanish government in Mindanao for the provinces of Misamis Oriental , Misamis Occidental , Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte . The Spanish authorities surrendered to Misamis governor Jose Roa and municipal mayor Toribio Chavez, both appointees of President Emilio Aguinaldo . With the Fiesta Nacional of January 10–11, 1899, their independence was celebrated as
7040-587: The town of El Salvador. In 1949, a delegation headed by Cagayan de Misamis mayor Maximo Y. Suniel travelled to Manila to persuade the Philippine Congress to enact a legislative act supporting the creation of the City of Cagayan. In 1950, the barrios of Opol, Igpit, and Lower Iponan (now Barangay Barra) were separated from Cagayan de Oro to form the town of Opol . On June 15, 1950, President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521, which granted
7128-448: The towns of Iponan, Opol, Salvador, and Alubijid, joined with Cagayan; while the rest of Agusan joined with Tagoloan . Agusan, later a barrio , along with Bogo and Alae, were transferred from Tagoloan to the newly-converted Cagayan de Oro City in 1950. In 1948, the barrios of El Salvador and Molugan with their sitios known as Sala, Sambulawan, Sinaloc, Lagtang, Talaba, Kalabaylabay and Hinigdaan were separated from Cagayan de Oro to form
7216-480: Was attacked by a military unit under Col. Walter Elliot, with 38 members including their commander, Capt. Vicente Roa, killed. On June 4, the said battalion, under Col. Apolinar Velez and Lt. Cruz Taal, repulsed the U.S. 35th Regiment during the Battle of Makahambus Hill ; marking the Americans' first defeat in the war. After the troubled years, peace finally brought back the economic activities to normality under
7304-536: Was captured, tortured and decapitated by the Japanese. Iponan, Gusa and Agusan, the city's oldest barangays , were once municipalities during the colonial period. Iponan and Agusan, along with Bayug, Gompot (Balingasag), and Tagoloan, were among the visitas established by the Recollect missionaries in Cagaiang (city's former name) in 1674. The two were under Partido de Cagayan as the then-undivided Misamis
7392-647: Was followed by various groups from Luzon , namely, the Ilocanos , the Igorots and the Ivatans , many of whom were merchants and wealthy entrepreneurs. All contributed massive acculturation among the Indigenous tribes. Most of those who moved to the mountains and forest continued to hold on their ancestors' cultural heritage. The wide variety of Filipino groups now thrives in the province and contributed immensely in
7480-653: Was granted as encomienda to a certain Don Juan Griego on January 25, 1571. It was then former Vice President of the Philippines Emmanuel Peláez who appended " de Oro" to Cagayan . The name " Cagayan " is shared by other places in the Philippines; these include the province of Cagayan in Cagayan Valley , northern Luzon –in which is said to have similar reference with Cagayan de Oro as they refer to their respective rivers with
7568-628: Was made by cultural experts, but nothing happened with their plea. In 2003, the Heritage Conservation Advocates (HCA) went to the open area of Huluga for a scientific surface investigation and managed to find earthenware, Chinese pottery sherds, obsidian flakes, animal bones, an ancient Spanish coin, and a whale harpoon similar to those being used in Lomblen Island, Indonesia. The newly discovered artifacts proved that there are still many artifacts that can be found in
7656-420: Was partitioned into four partidos in 1818. Iponan was made into a separate parish in 1833. The three became visitas of then Cagayan de Misamis, which became the new provincial capital in 1871. Gusa was established as a barrio in 1771, and shortly, became a municipality. Original settlers were Bukidnons , as well as few Manobos and Moros , who came from barrio Lapasan and town of Cagayan; but
7744-622: Was still occupied by the time the Europeans made contact. In 1622, two Spanish Augustinian Recollect missionaries reached the settlement and described it as being inhabited by a mixed stock descended from highlander Bukidnon Lumad and sea-faring Visayans ("Dumagat"). They described the men of the settlement as being tattooed like other Visayans and the women as being ornamented with intricate jewelry, some of which were golden. They also identified them as animists , practicing traditional anitism , though they paid tribute to Muhammad Kudarat ,
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