176-534: Sailor Moon Cosmos is a 2023 Japanese two-part animated action fantasy film directed by Tomoya Takahashi and written by Kazuyuki Fudeyasu based on the Stars arc of the Sailor Moon manga by Naoko Takeuchi , who also serves as a chief supervisor. Co-produced by Toei Animation and Studio Deen , and distributed by Toei Company , Cosmos is a direct sequel to Sailor Moon Eternal (2021) and serves as
352-540: A Studio Ghibli feature film directed by Hayao Miyazaki , won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards . It later became the highest-grossing anime film , earning more than $ 355 million. Since the 2000s, an increased number of anime works have been adaptations of light novels and visual novels ; successful examples include The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya and Fate/stay night (both 2006). Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba
528-465: A Sailor Guardian in her own right, and learns to transform into Sailor Chibi Moon (known as "Sailor Mini Moon" in the English series). At times, she has an adversarial relationship with her mother, but as the series progresses they develop a deep bond, with her wanting to grow up to become like her. Her theme color is light pink . Setsuna Meioh ( 冥王 せつな , Meiō Setsuna , called Trista Meioh in
704-487: A Sailor Guardian, which she is willing to make sacrifices for. Her talisman, the Deep Aqua Mirror, aids her intuition and reveals cloaked evil. Her theme color is teal . Hotaru Tomoe ( 土萠 ほたる , Tomoe Hotaru ) is a sweet and lonely young girl, whose health was compromised following a laboratory accident in her youth. After overcoming the darkness that surrounded her family, she transforms into Sailor Saturn,
880-722: A cast of characters created by Naoko Takeuchi . The series takes place in Tokyo , Japan, where the Sailor Guardians ( セーラー戦士 , Sērā Senshi ) , a group of ten magical girls , are formed to fight against antagonists who aim to take over the Earth , the Solar System and the Milky Way . Each Guardian undergoes a transformation which grants her a uniform in her own theme colors and an elemental power. They are named after
1056-460: A common characteristic feature being large and emotive eyes. The anime industry consists of over 430 production companies , including major studios such as Studio Ghibli , Kyoto Animation , Sunrise , Bones , Ufotable , MAPPA , Wit Studio , CoMix Wave Films , Madhouse, Inc. , TMS Entertainment , Pierrot , Production I.G , Nippon Animation and Toei Animation . Since the 1980s, the medium has also seen widespread international success with
1232-406: A common characteristic of American streaming television shows during the " Peak TV " era. The animation industry consists of more than 430 production companies with some of the major studios including Toei Animation , Gainax , Madhouse , Gonzo , Sunrise , Bones , TMS Entertainment , Nippon Animation , P.A.Works , Studio Pierrot , Production I.G , Ufotable and Studio Ghibli . Many of
1408-586: A conclusion to the Sailor Moon Crystal series overall, Takahashi was given much more freedom from the producers than the previous directors, and thus taking the opportunity to include visual homages to the Sailor Moon franchise; the manga and the 1990s anime series , as well as the 2003 live-action series . The main voice cast from Sailor Moon Crystal and Eternal reprised their respective roles, and had already recorded their lines for
1584-440: A crush on Usagi and tries to win her over, much to An's dismay. Despite this, he constantly denies these feelings to her, knowing her tendency to have fits of jealous rage. An later develops a crush on Mamoru and tries to win him over, much to Ail and Usagi's dismay of Ail and Usagi. Ail and An are the only two of their kind. In Japanese, in the original series, they are voiced by Hikaru Midorikawa and Yumi Tōma , respectively. In
1760-686: A dark shade is used. However, not all anime characters have large eyes. For example, the works of Hayao Miyazaki are known for having realistically proportioned eyes, as well as realistic hair colors on their characters. Hair in anime is often unnaturally lively and colorful or uniquely styled. The movement of hair in anime is exaggerated and "hair actions" is used to emphasize the action and emotions of characters for added visual effect. Poitras traces hairstyle color to cover illustrations on manga, where eye-catching artwork and colorful tones are attractive for children's manga. Some anime will depict non-Japanese characters with specific ethnic features, such as
1936-414: A distinct set of conventions. Unlike Disney animation, where the emphasis is on the movement, anime emphasizes the art quality and let limited animation techniques make up for the lack of time spent on movement. Such techniques are often used not only to meet deadlines but also as artistic devices. Anime scenes place emphasis on achieving three-dimensional views, and backgrounds are instrumental in creating
SECTION 10
#17328014690922112-724: A diverse range of genres targeting an adult audience. Shōjo and shōnen anime sometimes contain elements popular with children of all genders in an attempt to gain crossover appeal. Adult anime may feature a slower pace or greater plot complexity that younger audiences may typically find unappealing, as well as adult themes and situations. A subset of adult anime works featuring pornographic elements are labeled "R18" in Japan, and are internationally known as hentai (originating from pervert ( 変態 , hentai ) ). By contrast, some anime subgenres incorporate ecchi , sexual themes or undertones without depictions of sexual intercourse , as typified in
2288-436: A faraway planet before creating life and giving energy to its many children. The children became greedy and fought each other until the planet was destroyed, with the tree and Ail and An as the only survivors. The tree became weak and required energy to stay alive, with Ail and An supplying it with human energy to revive it, which eventually stops working. The tree becomes angered and starts to injure those around it, killing An in
2464-633: A fixed iconography that is used as shorthand for certain emotions and moods. For example, a male character may develop a nosebleed when aroused. A variety of visual symbols are employed, including sweat drops to depict nervousness, visible blushing for embarrassment, or glowing eyes for an intense glare. Another recurring sight gag is the use of chibi (deformed, simplified character designs) figures to comedically punctuate emotions like confusion or embarrassment. The opening and credits sequences of most anime television series are accompanied by J-pop or J-rock songs, often by reputed bands—as written with
2640-440: A group of Sailor Guardians composed of Sailor Star Fighter, Sailor Star Maker and Sailor Star Healer; in civilian form they go by the pseudonyms Kou Seiya, Kou Taiki and Kou Yaten, respectively. They are from the planet Kinmoku ( キンモク星 , Kinmokusei ) , whose princess, Princess Kakyuu , left to escape Sailor Galaxia 's assault and heal her wounds. They tracked Kakyuu to Earth and then Japan, where they disguised themselves as
2816-464: A human form. The two older cats, Luna and Artemis, lived in the Moon Kingdom millennia before the events of the series and were advisors to Queen Serenity ; the third, Diana, is much younger and was born on Earth. The cats serve as mentors and confidantes, as well as a source of information and new tools and items. Although Luna has the largest role of the three, Artemis was the first to appear and
2992-492: A major cel production company, announced it would stop cel production, producing an industry panic to procure cel imports and hastening the switch to digital processes. Prior to the digital era, anime was produced with traditional animation methods using a pose to pose approach. The majority of mainstream anime uses fewer expressive key frames and more in-between animation. Japanese animation studios were pioneers of many limited animation techniques, and have given anime
3168-545: A major role in this, through over time many legal alternatives appeared which significantly reduced illegal practices. Since the 2010s streaming services have become increasingly involved in the production, licensing and distribution of anime for the international markets. This is especially the case with net services such as Netflix and Crunchyroll which have large catalogs in Western countries, although until 2020 anime fans in multiple developing countries, such as India and
3344-528: A more elaborate costume than others, and has individual power-ups more frequently than other characters. Sailor Guardians originating from outside the Solar System have different and varying outfits, but the sailor collar serves as a unifying trait in their designs. Most of the antagonists in the series have names related to minerals and gemstones, including Queen Beryl and the Four Kings of Heaven ,
3520-677: A mysterious child named Chibi-Chibi arrives at Usagi's home, and Usagi and her friends presume she may be related to Chibiusa and accept her presence. Usagi is disappointed when she fails to hear from Mamoru, and is surprised when the Three Lights enroll at her high school. Meeting Seiya, she learns that the Starlights are searching for their princess, who fled to Earth when Galaxia attacked their planet. They are ambushed by Sailor Aluminum Siren, who kills Sailors Jupiter and Mercury and takes their Sailor Crystals, before being defeated by
3696-517: A myth derived from the popularity of anime in France in the late 1970s and 1980s. In English, anime —when used as a common noun —normally functions as a mass noun . (For example: "Do you watch anime?" or "How much anime have you watched?") As with a few other Japanese words, such as saké and Pokémon , English texts sometimes spell anime as animé (as in French), with an acute accent over
SECTION 20
#17328014690923872-401: A normal girl. As the story progresses, however, she embraces the chance to use her power to protect those she cares about. Her theme color is pink . Mamoru Chiba ( 地場 衛 , Chiba Mamoru , called Darien Shields in the original English dub) is a student who is older than Usagi. When he was young, he was in a car accident that killed his parents and erased his memories. He and Usagi share
4048-427: A plane crash years ago, she lives alone and takes care of herself. She cultivates her physical strength and domestic interests, including housekeeping , cooking and gardening. Her dream is to marry a young handsome man and to own a flower-and-cake shop. Her theme color is green . Minako Aino ( 愛野 美奈子 , Aino Minako , called Mina Aino in the original English dub) is a fourteen-year-old girl who first appears as
4224-568: A positive worldwide image and improve its relations with other countries such as its East Asian neighbours China and South Korea . In 2015, during remarks welcoming Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to the White House, President Barack Obama thanked Japan for its cultural contributions to the United States by saying: This visit is a celebration of the ties of friendship and family that bind our peoples. I first felt it when I
4400-537: A pronounced nose and jutting jaw for European characters. In other cases, anime feature characters whose race or nationality is not always defined, and this is often a deliberate decision, such as in the Pokémon animated series. Anime and manga artists often draw from a common canon of iconic facial expression illustrations to denote particular moods and thoughts. These techniques are often different in form than their counterparts in Western animation, and they include
4576-403: A rise in sales of shows to television stations in Japan, caused by late night anime with adults as the target demographic . This type of anime is less popular outside Japan, being considered "more of a niche product ". Spirited Away (2001) was the all-time highest-grossing film in Japan until overtaken by Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Movie: Mugen Train in 2020. It was also
4752-675: A shortening of the English word animation ) is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan . Outside Japan and in English, anime refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japanese, anime describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. Many works of animation with a similar style to Japanese animation are also produced outside Japan. Video games sometimes also feature themes and art styles that are sometimes labelled as anime. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917. A characteristic art style emerged in
4928-522: A slight increase in production costs and animator pays during the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout 2020 and 2021 the American streaming service Netflix announced that it will greatly invest and fund the anime industry as well as support training programs for new animators. On April 27, 2023, Nippon Anime Film Culture Association (NAFCA) was officially founded. The association aims to solve problems in
5104-491: A special psychic connection, and he can sense when she is in danger. This inspires him to take on the guise of Tuxedo Mask and fight alongside the Sailor Guardians when needed. After an initially confrontational relationship, he and Usagi remember their past lives and fall in love again. Ami Mizuno ( 水野 亜美 , Mizuno Ami , called Amy Anderson in the original English dub) is a fourteen-year-old bookworm in Usagi's class, who
5280-560: A sponsorship from the Imperial Japanese Navy . The 1950s saw a proliferation of short, animated advertisements created for television. In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified Disney animation techniques to reduce costs and limit frame counts in his productions. Originally intended as temporary measures to allow him to produce material on a tight schedule with inexperienced staff, many of his limited animation practices came to define
5456-450: A star worthy of her power and discovering Chaos , an immense embodiment of evil at the center of the galaxy. Usagi resolves to confront Galaxia in order to regain her friends' Sailor Crystals and restore them to life. Concerned that Sailors Uranus , Neptune , Pluto , and Saturn , who have gone to their respective home bases, may be in danger, she asks for Kakyuu and the Starlights' assistance. Neo Queen Serenity reveals to Chibiusa that
Sailor Moon Cosmos - Misplaced Pages Continue
5632-497: A television series produced by Gainax and directed by Hideaki Anno , began another era of experimental anime titles, such as Ghost in the Shell (1995) and Cowboy Bebop (1998). In the 1990s, anime also began attracting greater interest in Western countries; major international successes include Sailor Moon and Dragon Ball Z , both of which were dubbed into more than a dozen languages worldwide. In 2003, Spirited Away ,
5808-455: A whole, they do share some similar attributes in terms of animation technique and character design. Anime is fundamentally characterized by the use of limited animation, flat expression, the suspension of time, its thematic range, the presence of historical figures, its complex narrative line and, above all, a peculiar drawing style, with characters characterized by large and oval eyes, with very defined lines, bright colors and reduced movement of
5984-500: A work to be considered "anime". The etymology of the term anime is disputed. The English word "animation" is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション ( animēshon ) and as アニメ ( anime , pronounced [a.ɲi.me] ) in its shortened form. Some sources claim that the term is derived from the French term for animation dessin animé ("cartoon", literally 'animated drawing'), but others believe this to be
6160-604: Is mecha , with the Gundam metaseries being iconic. The diverse fantasy genre includes works based on Asian and Western traditions and folklore; examples include the Japanese feudal fairytale InuYasha , and the depiction of Scandinavian goddesses who move to Japan to maintain a computer called Yggdrasil in Ah! My Goddess . Genre crossing in anime is also prevalent, such as the blend of fantasy and comedy in Dragon Half , and
6336-492: Is red . Makoto Kino ( 木野 まこと , Kino Makoto , called Lita Kino in the original English dub) is a fourteen-year-old girl who is a student in Usagi's class. She excels at hand-to-hand combat and is rumored to have been expelled from her previous school for fighting. She is unusually tall and strong for a Japanese schoolgirl, and transforms into Sailor Jupiter, the Guardian of Thunder and Courage. Because her parents died in
6512-520: Is a diverse medium with distinctive production methods that have adapted in response to emergent technologies. It combines graphic art, characterization, cinematography, and other forms of imaginative and individualistic techniques. Compared to Western animation, anime production generally focuses less on movement, and more on the detail of settings and use of "camera effects", such as panning, zooming, and angle shots. Diverse art styles are used, and character proportions and features can be quite varied, with
6688-566: Is actually the reincarnated Princess Serenity. Over the course of the series, Luna develops a close bond with Usagi, though it is initially on uneasy terms, as Luna often upsets her by giving her unsolicited advice. She and Artemis have an implied romantic relationship, which is confirmed when they meet Diana, their daughter from the future. Artemis ( アルテミス , Arutemisu ) is the white cat companion to Minako Aino , who trains her to become Sailor V and remains by her side when she takes on her proper role as Sailor Venus. He first guides Usagi through
6864-530: Is heartened by this, realizing that life will always include both joy and the sorrow. Galaxia is awed by Sailor Moon, but her bracelets shatter and dies. Sailor Moon urges Chibi-Chibi not to give up hope, and Chibi-Chibi reveals her true form: Sailor Cosmos . Sailor Moon dives into the Cauldron, calling upon all the Sailor Crystals in the Cauldron to lend her their power. Chaos is defeated and melts into
7040-449: Is interrupted when Sailor Iron Mouse attacks. Seiya makes their interest in her clear when they spend time together practicing softball, telling her, "I like your light." However, their feelings are not reciprocated and they acknowledge the one-sided romance. The relationship between Sailor Star Fighter and Princess Kakyuu is slightly ambiguous. In the anime, when Seiya daydreams of their home planet, they think of an image of her, which
7216-494: Is largely credited with popularizing anime in the Western world during the early 1990s, before anime was further popularized by television shows such as Pokémon and Dragon Ball Z in the late 1990s. By 1997, Japanese anime was the fastest-growing genre in the American video industry. The growth of the Internet later provided international audiences with an easy way to access Japanese content. Early on, online piracy played
Sailor Moon Cosmos - Misplaced Pages Continue
7392-482: Is later revealed that she is from the future and that her mother is Luna. Just as Luna and Artemis guide Usagi and Minako, Diana acts as a guardian to Chibiusa . She is curious, eager to help and polite, always addressing Usagi and Mamoru with the Japanese honorific " -sama " and calling Chibiusa by her formal title, Small Lady. Despite her youth, she is occasionally able to help the Sailor Guardians, often because of
7568-514: Is meant to be ambiguous as to whether they take on male forms or cross-dress, though their personalities reflect the former. Their story also combines elements from both the manga and the anime; for instance, they travel to the Galaxy Cauldron as in the manga, but survive the battles against Galaxia as in the anime. The pairings with the Sailor Guardians from the anime are also featured in some musicals. Their exact relationship to each other
7744-449: Is now its largest industry sector). By 2025 the anime industry is expected to reach a value of $ 30 billion with over 60% of that revenue coming from overseas. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) valued the domestic anime market in Japan at ¥2.4 trillion ( $ 24 billion ), including ¥2 trillion from licensed products, in 2005. JETRO reported sales of overseas anime exports in 2004 to be ¥2 trillion ( $ 18 billion ). JETRO valued
7920-506: Is pointed out. She owns a handheld computer which can scan and detect virtually anything which she needs information about. Her theme color is blue . Rei Hino ( 火野 レイ , Hino Rei , called Raye Hino in the original English dub) is an elegant fourteen-year-old miko (English: shrine maiden ). Because of her work as a Shinto priestess, she has limited precognition and can dispel or nullify evil using special ofuda scrolls, even in her civilian form. She transforms into Sailor Mars,
8096-432: Is quiet yet intelligent and rumored to have an IQ of 300. She can transform into Sailor Mercury, the Guardian of Water and Wisdom. Despite her shy exterior, she is passionate about learning and taking care of those around her and hopes to eventually become a doctor like her mother. She tends to be the practical one of the group and is secretly a fan of pop culture and romance novels , and becomes embarrassed when this
8272-412: Is sometimes mistakenly classified as a genre itself. In Japanese, the term anime is used to refer to all animated works, regardless of style or origin. English-language dictionaries typically define anime ( / ˈ æ n ɪ m eɪ / ) as "a style of Japanese animation" or as "a style of animation originating in Japan". Other definitions are based on origin, making production in Japan a requisite for
8448-415: Is suddenly superimposed by an image of Usagi, much as Usagi had seen Seiya's image overlaid by Mamoru in previous episodes. In the image poem released for their CD single , however, they suggest that their feelings for her are because they are "carrying the heart of a boy" and because they were attracted to her light. In the band, they have the role of lead vocals, guitar and lyrics, but were also playing
8624-404: Is unknown; according to the manga, they are not siblings. Their name "Kou" (光) has several meanings, including "light", making the name "Three Lights" a pun. In the original English manga, "Kou" was translated to "Lights" and was used as their shared family name. Kou Seiya ( 星野 光 , Seiya Kō ) is the leader of the Starlights as Sailor Star Fighter ( セーラースターファイター , Sērā Sutā Faitā ) and
8800-480: Is used to distinguish and identify Japanese animation. Emakimono and shadow plays ( kage-e ) are considered precursors of Japanese animation. Emakimono was common in the eleventh century. Traveling storytellers narrated legends and anecdotes while the emakimono was unrolled from the right to left in chronological order, as a moving panorama. Kage-e was popular during the Edo period and originated from
8976-564: Is voiced by Yasuhiro Takato in the first anime adaptation, by Yohei Oobayashi in the first three seasons of Crystal , and Taishi Murata in the Eternal and Cosmos films. In the live-action series, he is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi . He appears in the first Sailor Moon musical, played by a cat-suited Keiji Himeno. In English, he is voiced by Ron Rubin in the DIC/Cloverway English adaptation and by Johnny Yong Bosch in
SECTION 50
#17328014690929152-533: The Guinness World Record for the "Most in-demand animated TV show" with a global demand rating 71.2 times than that of the average TV show, previously held by Attack on Titan . Anime differs from other forms of animation by its art styles, methods of animation, its production, and its process. Visually, anime works exhibit a wide variety of art styles, differing between creators, artists, and studios. While no single art style predominates anime as
9328-535: The Philippines , had fewer options for obtaining access to legal content, and therefore would still turn to online piracy. However beginning with the 2020s anime has been experiencing yet another boom in global popularity and demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime Video , HBO Max , Disney+ , Hulu and anime-only services like Crunchyroll and Hidive , increasing
9504-522: The Sailor Animamates : Sailor Iron Mouse, Sailor Aluminum Siren, Sailor Lead Crow, Sailor Tin Nyanko, and Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon respectively. In June 2023, it was revealed that Japanese actress Keiko Kitagawa , who previously portrayed Rei Hino/Sailor Mars in the 2003 live-action series, was cast as Sailor Cosmos . Kitagawa was offered by the director and producers after deciding that
9680-584: The United Kingdom wanting to get a degree in the Japanese language . The word anime alongside other Japanese pop cultural terms like shonen , shojo and isekai have been added to the Oxford English Dictionary . Various anime and manga series have influenced Hollywood in the making of numerous famous movies and characters. Hollywood itself has produced live-action adaptations of various anime series such as Ghost in
9856-606: The Viz Media English adaptation. Diana ( ダイアナ , Daiana ) is a cat, the future daughter of Luna and Artemis, who first appears when the Sailor Guardians travel to the 30th century in the Black Moon arc. After defeating Death Phantom, she joins them after they return to the 20th century. In the anime, she first appears in Sailor Moon SuperS , calling Artemis her father, to Luna's initial dismay. It
10032-450: The highest-grossing anime film worldwide until it was overtaken by Makoto Shinkai 's 2016 film Your Name . Anime films represent a large part of the highest-grossing Japanese films yearly in Japan, with 6 out of the top 10 in 2014 , 2015 and also in 2016 . Anime has to be licensed by companies in other countries in order to be legally released. While anime has been licensed by its Japanese owners for use outside Japan since at least
10208-507: The lucky cat . Luna ( ルナ , Runa ) is a black cat who was a devoted servant to Princess Serenity and advisor to her mother, Queen Serenity. When the kingdom fell, she and Artemis were put into a long sleep and sent to Earth to look after the Sailor Guardians, who are reborn there, with parts of her memory suppressed so that she must find the Sailor Guardians. She also provides them with many of their items. She first encounters Usagi and teaches her to become Sailor Moon, unaware that she
10384-589: The real robot genre. Robot anime series such as Gundam and Super Dimension Fortress Macross became instant classics in the 1980s, and the genre remained one of the most popular in the following decades. The bubble economy of the 1980s spurred a new era of high-budget and experimental anime films, including Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984), Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (1987), and Akira (1988). Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995),
10560-675: The "fathers of anime") produced numerous films, the oldest surviving of which is Kōuchi's Namakura Gatana . Many early works were lost with the destruction of Shimokawa's warehouse in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake . By the mid-1930s, animation was well-established in Japan as an alternative format to the live-action industry. It suffered competition from foreign producers, such as Disney , and many animators, including Noburō Ōfuji and Yasuji Murata , continued to work with cheaper cutout animation rather than cel animation . Other creators, including Kenzō Masaoka and Mitsuyo Seo , nevertheless made great strides in technique, benefiting from
10736-428: The "fifth and final season" in the Sailor Moon Crystal anime series. The two-part film stars Kotono Mitsuishi as the voice of Sailor Moon and Chibi-Chibi alongside Kenji Nojima , Misato Fukuen , Hisako Kanemoto , Rina Satō , Ami Koshimizu , Shizuka Itō , Junko Minagawa , Sayaka Ohara , Ai Maeda , Yukiyo Fujii , Nana Mizuki , Marina Inoue , Saori Hayami , Ayane Sakura , and Megumi Hayashibara . Cosmos
SECTION 60
#173280146909210912-456: The 1960s with the works of cartoonist Osamu Tezuka and spread in following decades, developing a large domestic audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, through television broadcasts, directly to home media , and over the Internet . In addition to original works, anime are often adaptations of Japanese comics ( manga ), light novels , or video games . It is classified into numerous genres targeting various broad and niche audiences. Anime
11088-537: The 1960s, the practice became well-established in the United States in the late 1970s to early 1980s, when such TV series as Gatchaman and Captain Harlock were licensed from their Japanese parent companies for distribution in the US market. The trend towards American distribution of anime continued into the 1980s with the licensing of titles such as Voltron and the 'creation' of new series such as Robotech through
11264-534: The 1980s and 1990s. These mass imports influenced anime popularity in Latin American , Arabic and German markets. The beginning of 1980 saw the introduction of Japanese anime series into the American culture. In the 1990s, Japanese animation slowly gained popularity in America. Media companies such as Viz and Mixx began publishing and releasing animation into the American market. The 1988 film Akira
11440-438: The 1990s. Since this practice raises concerns for copyright and piracy issues, fansubbers tend to adhere to an unwritten moral code to destroy or no longer distribute an anime once an official translated or subtitled version becomes licensed. They also try to encourage viewers to buy an official copy of the release once it comes out in English, although fansubs typically continue to circulate through file-sharing networks. Even so,
11616-471: The 2020s anime songs have experienced a rapid growth in global online popularity due to their widened availability on music streaming services like Spotify and promotion by fans and artists on social media. In 2023, the opening theme " Idol " by Yoasobi of the anime series Oshi no Ko topped the Billboard Global 200 Excl. U.S. charts with 45.7 million streams and 24,000 copies sold outside
11792-692: The Black Moon Clan, Kaolinite and the Witches 5 , as well as most members of the Dead Moon Circus. Members of the Amazoness Quartet are named after the first four asteroids to be discovered. The Sailor Animamates have the prefix "Sailor", despite not being genuine Sailor Guardians in the manga, followed by the name of a metal and the name of an animal. Usagi Tsukino ( 月野 うさぎ , Tsukino Usagi , called Serena Tsukino in
11968-527: The Cauldron along with Sailor Moon. The Cauldron resets and revitalizes the Sailor Crystals, returning them to their home planets. Sailor Cosmos informs the revived Sailor Quartet that this restoration is the "Lambda Power" from all the Sailor Crystals joining together to form the Cosmos Crystal. The Quartet wonder if she is a future form of Sailor Moon, and she confirms that she is from the distant future. She explains that in her time, Chaos reemerged as
12144-481: The Cauldron and injures Galaxia, planning to take the Silver Moon Crystal and rule the galaxy. It reveals that all of Sailor Moon's previous enemies were incarnations of itself, and that light and darkness were both born from the Cauldron. Galaxia realizes the futility of her plan and Sailor Moon despairs that everything she loves is now gone. They contemplate if Chaos winning will bring lasting peace to
12320-446: The Cauldron, Guardian Cosmos, appears and asks Usagi if she wishes to start a new life for all of them, but she wishes for them to continue their current lives. Guardian Cosmos sends them back to Earth, informing her that Chaos is gone, but may one day reemerge. On Earth, Usagi reunites with her family and Luna. Some time in the future, Mamoru and Usagi marry, pledging their fidelity to each other, their friends, and their mission to guard
12496-518: The DVD format which offered the unique advantages; including multiple subtitling and dubbing tracks on the same disc. The DVD format also has its drawbacks in its usage of region coding ; adopted by the industry to solve licensing, piracy and export problems and restricted region indicated on the DVD player. The Video CD (VCD) format was popular in Hong Kong and Taiwan, but became only a minor format in
12672-710: The Earth. Mamoru reflects that even if they all disappear one day, Sailor Moon will forever shine as the brightest, most beautiful star. Additional voice cast includes: The sequel was first teased at the end of the second film of Sailor Moon Eternal . In April 2022, it was announced that the sequel covering the Stars arc of the manga was to be produced as a two-part anime film project, titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Cosmos The Movie ( 劇場版「美少女戦士セーラームーン Cosmos （ コスモス ） 」 , Gekijōban Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn Kosumosu ) . Majority of key staff members from Eternal two-part film returned, with Kazuyuki Fudeyasu writing
12848-590: The English dub, in the DIC English version they are voiced by Vince Corazza and Sabrina Grdevich , respectively, and in the Viz Media English version they are voiced by Brian Beacock and Dorothy Elias-Fahn , respectively. The Hell Tree ( 魔界樹 , Makai Ju , called the Doom Tree in the DIC English dub) is an alien tree that nourishes Ail and An. It lived alone on an island in a vast ocean on
13024-601: The Global TV Demand Awards. Attack on Titan became the first ever non-English language series to earn the title of "World's Most In-Demand TV Show", previously held by only The Walking Dead and Game of Thrones . In 2024, the anime series Jujutsu Kaisen won the award of "Most In-Demand TV Series in the World 2023" in the Global TV Demand Awards. Rising interest in anime as well as Japanese video games has led to an increase of university students in
13200-401: The Guardian of Fire and Passion. She is very serious and focused and easily annoyed by Usagi's laziness, but cares about her. In the anime adaptation, Rei is portrayed as boy-crazy and short-tempered, while in the manga and live-action series she is depicted as uninterested in romance and more self-controlled. She attends a private Catholic school separate from the other girls. Her theme color
13376-541: The Guardian of Silence, Destruction and Rebirth . She is often pensive, and as a human has the power to heal others. She wields the Silence Glaive, which gives her the power to generate barriers and destroy a planet. When she uses that power, she kills herself, but Sailor Moon later revives her and she comes to live with Haruka, Michiru and Setsuna like a family. Her theme color is purple . The Dark Kingdom ( ダーク・キングダム , Dāku Kingudamu , called Negaverse in
13552-462: The Hell Tree so that it can give them energy to survive. Unlike other antagonists of the series, their mission was primarily that of survival, rather than conquest or destruction. The DIC dub had Ail and An making a mentioning in their first appearance of having met Queen Beryl at some point in their life. Ail ( エイル , Eiru , called Alan in the original English dub) and An ( アン , called Ann in
13728-465: The Internet has led some animators to distribute works online in a format called " original net animation " (ONA). The home distribution of anime releases was popularized in the 1980s with the VHS and LaserDisc formats. The VHS NTSC video format used in both Japan and the United States is credited with aiding the rising popularity of anime in the 1990s. The LaserDisc and VHS formats were transcended by
13904-454: The Japanese film market, above the 4.6% market share for live-action works. The popularity and success of anime is seen through the profitability of the DVD market, contributing nearly 70% of total sales. According to a 2016 article on Nikkei Asian Review , Japanese television stations have bought over ¥60 billion worth of anime from production companies "over the past few years", compared with under ¥20 billion from overseas. There has been
14080-514: The Movie: Mugen Train became the highest-grossing Japanese film and one of the world's highest-grossing films of 2020. It also became the fastest grossing film in Japanese cinema, because in 10 days it made 10 billion yen ($ 95.3m; £72m). It beat the previous record of Spirited Away which took 25 days. In 2021, the anime adaptations of Jujutsu Kaisen , Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba and Tokyo Revengers were among
14256-506: The River Lethe and Sailor Lethe kills them, but are reincarnated at the end of the series along with everyone else. In the live-action series , Luna and Artemis are portrayed as stuffed toys rather than real cats. They are usually represented using puppets , though CGI effects are used for complicated scenes. Writer Mary Grigsby considers the cat characters to blend pre-modern ideas about feminine mystery with modern ideas such as
14432-563: The Sailor Animamates, Sailor Tin Nyanko, attacks Usagi, severely injuring Luna, Artemis, and Diana . They are rescued by the Starlights, who take Usagi to meet Princess Kakyuu. Kakyuu warns Usagi that Sailor Galaxia seeks to control the galaxy by obtaining the Sailor Crystals, especially Usagi's Silver Moon Crystal. On her way home, Usagi encounters Galaxia, who attacks and overwhelms her, but Chibi-Chibi's intervention forces Galaxia to retreat. In her palace, Galaxia reflects on seeking
14608-773: The Sailor Guardians are being killed in the past. Chibiusa, joined by the Sailor Quartet, transforms to go help Sailor Moon. Sailor Moon, Kakyuu, the Starlights, and Chibi-Chibi travel to the Outer Guardians' respective home bases, but learn that they have already been killed. They head to Galaxia's base and encounter Sailors Lethe and Mnemosyne . Lethe kills Luna, Artemis, and Diana, blaming the Silver Moon Crystal for causing conflict as she and Mnemosyne reluctantly joined Galaxia after she destroyed their planets. Mnemosyne stops Lethe from killing Sailor Moon, but Sailor Moon asks Lethe to kill her if it will truly bring peace to
14784-653: The Sailor Quartet. Sailor Moon reunites with Chibi Moon, who assumes that Sailor Moon teleported them to her, but both she and Kakyuu say it was not them, leaving them to speculate if it was Chibi-Chibi. Sailors Phi and Chi appear again and are defeated, but Kakyuu is fatally wounded and dies during the battle. They are suddenly attacked by the revived Eternal Sailor Guardians and Tuxedo Mask. The Sailor Quartet are incapacitated and Chibi-Chibi urges Chibi Moon not to interfere, causing her to question who Chibi-Chibi truly is. Reluctantly, Sailor Moon defeats her friends and arrives at Galaxia's chambers, where they battle. Galaxia flees to
14960-662: The Sailor V video game at the Crown Game Center arcade without revealing his true identity. In the anime, when a technical problem reveals him, Luna is annoyed to learn that he was guiding her. Later, he fills Luna in on the details of her true mission. In the Sailor V manga and the live-action series, he gives special items to the Guardians, but unlike Luna does not seem to produce them himself. He does not seem to mind
15136-486: The Shell , Death Note , Dragon Ball Evolution and Cowboy Bebop . However most of these adaptations have been reviewed negatively by both the critics and the audience and have become box-office flops . The main reasons for the unsuccessfulness of Hollywood's adaptions of anime being the often change of plot and characters from the original source material and the limited capabilities a live-action movie or series can do in comparison to an animated counterpart. One of
15312-544: The Shooting Star" ( 流れ星へ , Nagareboshi he ) , sung by voice actresses of Three Lights and the finale song, "Happy Marriage Song", sung by main voice cast of 10 Sailor Guardians and Mamoru Chiba ( Kenji Nojima ). The two-part film was released in theaters in Japan in June 2023, with the first film on the 9th, and the second film on 30th. The Japanese Blu-ray and DVD was released on December 20, 2023. The two-part film
15488-607: The Silver Millennium of the Moon and the Golden Kingdom. The Hell Tree aliens ( 魔界樹エイリアン , Makai Ju Eirian , called the Doom Tree aliens in the original English dub) are a group who only appear in the anime, serving as the main antagonists of the first thirteen episodes of Sailor Moon R . Ail and An are two aliens who wandered space for many years before reaching Earth, where they collect energy to revive
15664-621: The Space Sword, aids her fighting. Her theme color is navy . Michiru Kaioh ( 海王 みちる , Kaiō Michiru , called Michelle Kaioh in the original English dub) is an elegant and talented violinist and painter. Similar to her partner and lover, Haruka Tenoh, she hails from a wealthy family, though they are not mentioned in the series. She transforms into Sailor Neptune, the Guardian of Ocean and Embrace . She worked alone for some time before finding her partner, Sailor Uranus. Neptune ultimately gave up her dreams and devoted herself to her duty as
15840-539: The Space-Time Door, she carries a deep sense of loneliness, although she is close friends with Chibiusa, who calls her by her nickname "Puu". Her talisman, the Garnet Orb, aids her power to attack and temporarily stop time. Her theme color is crimson . Haruka Tenoh ( 天王 はるか , Ten'ō Haruka , called Amara Tenoh in the original English dub) is a good-natured tomboyish girl who is a year older than most of
16016-509: The Starlights. While Usagi is comforted by Chibi-Chibi, Minako and Rei decide to confront the Starlights to ascertain their motives, and afterward, confront another attacker, Sailor Lead Crow. Lead Crow kills Phobos and Deimos , revealing that the Sailor Animamates are survivors of planets destroyed by Galaxia who have been granted powers of Sailor Guardians. Sailor Moon defeats her, but Sailors Venus and Mars are killed by Galaxia and their crystals are stolen. Their deaths cause Usagi to remember
16192-542: The U.S. "Idol" has become the first Japanese song and anime song to top the Billboard Global chart as well as taking the first spot on the Apple Music 's Top 100: Global chart. Anime are often classified by target demographic, including children's ( 子供 , kodomo ) , girls' ( 少女 , shōjo ) , boys' ( 少年 , shōnen ) , young men ( 青年 , Seinen ) , young women ( 女性 , josei ) and
16368-596: The United States that was closely associated with bootleg copies. A key characteristic of many anime television shows is serialization, where a continuous story arc stretches over multiple episodes or seasons. Traditional American television had an episodic format, with each episode typically consisting of a self-contained story. In contrast, anime shows such as Dragon Ball Z had a serialization format, where continuous story arcs stretch over multiple episodes or seasons, which distinguished them from traditional American television shows; serialization has since also become
16544-408: The United States was worth approximately $ 2.74 billion in 2009. Dubbed animation began airing in the United States in 2000 on networks like The WB and Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim . In 2005, this resulted in five of the top ten anime titles having previously aired on Cartoon Network. As a part of localization, some editing of cultural references may occur to better follow the references of
16720-482: The United States. At the airport, Mamoru gives Usagi a ring, but before he can propose is suddenly killed by the mysterious Sailor Galaxia , who steals his Golden Crystal and disappears. Unable to comprehend Mamoru's death, Usagi believes he boarded his plane and left. After bidding Chibiusa farewell, as she returns to the 30th century, Usagi and her friends attend a concert headlined by popular idol group Three Lights , composed of Kō Seiya, Kō Taiki, and Kō Yaten. During
16896-455: The Viking and Barbapapa , which aired in various countries. Italy , Spain , and France grew a particular interest in Japan's output, due to its cheap selling price and productive output. As of 2014, Italy imported the most anime outside Japan. Anime and manga were introduced to France in the late 1970s and became massively popular in spite of a moral panic led by French politicians in
17072-688: The Year . In the United States, anime films compete in the Crunchyroll Anime Awards . There were also the American Anime Awards , which were designed to recognize excellence in anime titles nominated by the industry, and were held only once in 2006. Anime productions have also been nominated and won awards not exclusively for anime, like the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature or the Golden Bear . In recent years,
17248-406: The anime merchandising market was valued at about $ 950 million with the figurine segment accounting for most of the share and is expected to reach a value of over $ 2 billion by 2030. The global anime market size was valued at $ 26.055 billion in 2021 with 29% of the revenue coming from merchandise . It is expected that the global anime market will reach a value of $ 47.14 billion by 2028. By 2030
17424-510: The anime industry has been accused by both Japanese and foreign media of underpaying and overworking its animators. In response the Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida promised to improve the working conditions and salary of all animators and creators working in the industry. A few anime studios such as MAPPA have taken actions to improve the working conditions of their employees. There has also been
17600-498: The anime market in the United States at ¥520 billion ( $ 5.2 billion ), including $ 500 million in home video sales and over $ 4 billion from licensed products, in 2005. JETRO projected in 2005 that the worldwide anime market, including sales of licensed products, would grow to ¥10 trillion ( $ 100 billion ). The anime market in China was valued at $ 21 billion in 2017, and is projected to reach $ 31 billion by 2020. In Europe
17776-411: The anime, Taiki and Yaten consider them to be prone to bouts of childishness, such as when they show off their basketball skills before the school, but generally follow their lead. Seiya develops strong feelings for Usagi, calling her odango , like Mamoru does, their attempts to forge a bond with her providing the primary romantic tension of the season. The two go on a date at an amusement park , which
17952-459: The atmosphere of the work. The backgrounds are not always invented and are occasionally based on real locations, as exemplified in Howl's Moving Castle and The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya . Oppliger stated that anime is one of the rare mediums where putting together an all-star cast usually comes out looking "tremendously impressive". The cinematic effects of anime differentiates itself from
18128-478: The character should not be voiced by Mitsuishi, due to the character's solemn nature. She questioned at first, because of the character being "an ultimate form of Sailor Moon from the future", and that it should've been given to her former co-star Miyuu Sawai (who've portrayed Usagi Tsukino/Sailor Moon in the live-action series), but took the offer after discussing with her former castmates, whom unanimously told her to take it. Yasuharu Takanashi returned to compose
18304-426: The comedic or harem genres; due to its popularity among adolescent and adult anime enthusiasts, the inclusion of such elements is considered a form of fan service . Some genres explore homosexual romances, such as yaoi (male homosexuality) and yuri (female homosexuality). While often used in a pornographic context, the terms yaoi and yuri can also be used broadly in a wider context to describe or focus on
18480-411: The concept to include Sailor Venus as a part of a " sentai " (team of five) and created the characters of Sailors Moon, Mercury, Mars and Jupiter. The name "Sailor Senshi" is derived from sailor fuku , a type of Japanese school uniform that the main characters' fighting uniforms are based on, and the Japanese word senshi , which can mean "soldier", "warrior", "guardian", or "fighter". Takeuchi created
18656-476: The concert, Sailor Iron Mouse, a Sailor Animamate and member of Shadow Galactica , an empire ruled by Sailor Galaxia and devoted to stealing Sailor Crystals across the galaxy, attacks. The Eternal Sailor Guardians are saved by the Sailor Starlights, a trio of Sailor Guardians from another star system. They realize that the Starlights are the Three Lights, but remain unsure of their motives. Meanwhile,
18832-547: The drums in their hideout because they believed Kakyuu had not heard them yet. According to Takeuchi, when she created them, they were meant to be a combination between Haruka and Mamoru, and were modeled after Jenny Shimizu . Her theme color is sky blue . In Japanese, they were voiced by Shiho Niiyama in the original series in one of her final roles before her death and by Marina Inoue in Sailor Moon Cosmos . In English, they are voiced by Melissa Hutchison in
19008-439: The early 20th century, when filmmakers started to experiment with techniques pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia. A claim for the earliest Japanese animation is Katsudō Shashin ( c. 1907 ), a private work by an unknown creator. In 1917, the first professional and publicly displayed works began to appear; animators such as Ōten Shimokawa , Seitarō Kitayama , and Jun'ichi Kōuchi (considered
19184-451: The early-2010s due to the advent of legal streaming services which simulcast new anime series often within a few hours of their domestic release. Since the 2010s, anime has become a global multibillion industry setting a sales record in 2017 of ¥2.15 trillion ($ 19.8 billion), driven largely by demand from overseas audiences. In 2019, Japan's anime industry was valued at $ 24 billion a year with 48% of that revenue coming from overseas (which
19360-542: The essence of sentient life, from inhabitants of the Milky Way. Their ultimate goal is to reorganize the universe as desired by Chaos, the overarching antagonist of the series. Luna, Artemis and Diana are cats from the planet Mau, which is named after the Chinese word "貓", meaning "cat", who act as advisors to their owners. They are capable of speech and have a crescent moon symbol on their forehead, and can also assume
19536-434: The fact that he is named after a female goddess, even when Minako teases him about it. He is more easy-going than Luna and has a "big brother" relationship with Minako, although it is implied he is attracted to her. He also cares deeply for Luna, often comforting her when she is distressed and stating his admiration of her. In addition, he is a good father to Diana, as evidenced by her affection for him. In Japanese, Artemis
19712-461: The few particular exceptions to this includes Alita: Battle Angel , which has become a moderate commercial success, receiving generally positive reviews from both the critics and the audience for its visual effects and following the source material. The movie grossed $ 404 million worldwide, making it director Robert Rodriguez 's highest-grossing film. Anime and manga alongside many other imports of Japanese pop culture have helped Japan to gain
19888-409: The final e , to cue the reader to pronounce the letter, not to leave it silent as English orthography may suggest. Prior to the widespread use of anime , the term Japanimation , a portmanteau of Japan and animation, was prevalent throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, the term anime began to supplant Japanimation ; in general, the latter term now only appears in period works where it
20064-425: The first film prior to the announcement. Kotono Mitsuishi , the voice of Usagi Tsukino/Sailor Moon , confirmed that Cosmos will mark her final performance as the titular character. In January 2023, it was announced that Marina Inoue , Saori Hayami , and Ayane Sakura have been cast as Kō Seiya/Sailor Star Fighter , Kō Taiki/Sailor Star Maker , and Kō Yaten/Sailor Star Healer respectively. That same month, it
20240-403: The first televised and first color anime to debut. It was not until the 1960s when the first televised series were broadcast and it has remained a popular medium since. Works released in a direct-to-video format are called " original video animation " (OVA) or "original animation video" (OAV); and are typically not released theatrically or televised prior to home media release. The emergence of
20416-825: The first time in history. The anime industry has several annual awards that honor the year's best works. Major annual awards in Japan include the Ōfuji Noburō Award , the Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film , the Animation Kobe Awards, the Japan Media Arts Festival animation awards, the Seiyu Awards for voice actors, the Tokyo Anime Award and the Japan Academy Prize for Animation of
20592-738: The future, and four more guardians: Sailors Uranus , Neptune , Pluto and Saturn . The series' antagonists include the Dark Kingdom , the Black Moon Clan , the Death Busters , the Dead Moon Circus and Shadow Galactica . Takeuchi's initial concept for the series was Codename: Sailor V , in which Sailor V discovers her magical powers and protects the people of Earth. After the Codename: Sailor V manga
20768-431: The galaxy, but Chibi-Chibi urges Sailor Moon to destroy Chaos by destroying the Cauldron. Sailor Moon protests, as destroying the Cauldron will prevent new life from being born in the galaxy. Chibi-Chibi reveals that the galaxy will be spared endless future battles between light and darkness if she destroys the Cauldron now. Galaxia posits that new life could still appear elsewhere and give birth to conflict again. Sailor Moon
20944-491: The galaxy. Lethe, shocked by her earnestness, relents, but Galaxia's henchmen, Sailors Phi and Chi , show up and kill Lethe and Mnemosyne for their disobedience before also killing the Starlights. After convincing Kakyuu they can bring the Starlights back by regaining their Sailor Crystals, they are ambushed by the last of the Animamates, Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon, but are saved by the sudden arrival of Sailor Chibi Moon and
21120-422: The global anime market is expected to reach a value of $ 48.3 Billion with the largest contributors to this growth being North America , Europe, Asia–Pacific and The Middle East . The global anime market size was valued at $ 25.8 Billion in 2022 and is expected to have a market size of $ 62.7 Billion by 2032 with a CAGR of 9.4%. In 2019, the annual overseas exports of Japanese animation exceeded $ 10 billion for
21296-450: The head; many chibi characters are two to four heads tall. Some anime works like Crayon Shin-chan completely disregard these proportions, in such a way that they resemble caricatured Western cartoons . A common anime character design convention is exaggerated eye size. The animation of characters with large eyes in anime can be traced back to Osamu Tezuka, who was deeply influenced by such early animation characters as Betty Boop , who
21472-462: The incorporation of slapstick humor in the crime anime film Castle of Cagliostro . Other subgenres found in anime include magical girl , harem, sports, martial arts, literary adaptations, medievalism , and war. Early anime works were made for theatrical viewing, and required played musical components before sound and vocal components were added to the production. In 1958, Nippon Television aired Mogura no Abanchūru (" Mole's Adventure "), both
21648-501: The industry, including the improvement of conditions of the workers. Anime has become commercially profitable in Western countries , as demonstrated by early commercially successful Western adaptations of anime, such as Astro Boy and Speed Racer . Early American adaptions in the 1960s made Japan expand into the continental European market, first with productions aimed at European and Japanese children, such as Heidi , Vicky
21824-432: The international availability of the amount of new licensed anime shows as well as the size of their catalogs. Netflix reported that, between October 2019 and September 2020, more than 100 million member households worldwide had watched at least one anime title on the platform. Anime titles appeared on the streaming platform's top-ten lists in almost 100 countries within the one-year period. As of 2021, anime series are
22000-654: The knowledge she has gained in the future. In Japanese, Diana is voiced by Kumiko Nishihara in the first series and by Shoko Nakagawa in Crystal . In English, she is voiced by Loretta Jafelice in the Cloverway English adaptation, by Naomi Emmerson in Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie , and by Debi Derryberry in the Viz Media English adaptation. In one of her reviews of Sailor Moon Crystal , IGN writer Meghan Sullivan admitted that
22176-404: The laid back regulations of the Japanese animation industry tend to overlook these issues, allowing it to grow underground and thus increasing its popularity until there is a demand for official high-quality releases for animation companies. This has led to an increase in global popularity of Japanese animation, reaching $ 40 million in sales in 2004. Fansub practices have rapidly declined since
22352-440: The lead vocalist for the Three Lights. In general, Seiya acts arrogant and tends to be, at least on the surface, confident in their own abilities. Seiya becomes the star player of their local high-school American football team and the school's star athlete, upsetting Haruka Tenoh , who was the previous star athlete on the track and field team. Eventually, Seiya raises the suspicions of the Sailor Guardians as to their identity. In
22528-497: The lips. Modern anime follows a typical animation production process, involving storyboarding , voice acting , character design , and cel production . Since the 1990s, animators have increasingly used computer animation to improve the efficiency of the production process. Early anime works were experimental, and consisted of images drawn on blackboards, stop motion animation of paper cutouts, and silhouette animation . Cel animation grew in popularity until it came to dominate
22704-447: The live-action series, she is a successful J-pop singer whom Usagi, Ami and Makoto are fans of and has poor health due to her anemia , causing her to choose to isolate herself from the other Guardians. Her theme color is orange . Chibiusa ( ちびうさ , Chibiusa , called "Rini" in the original English dub) is the future daughter of Neo-Queen Serenity and King Endymion in the 30th century. She later trains with Sailor Moon to become
22880-484: The main antagonists of the "Black Moon" arc of the manga and its adaptations. They are a terrorist group from the 30th century led by Prince Demand and based on the planet Nemesis, which provides them with the Malefic Black Crystal, whose goal of ending Neo-Queen Serenity's reign is being manipulated by the mysterious Wiseman. The Death Busters ( デス・バスターズ , Desu Basutāzu , called Heart Snatchers in
23056-454: The main protagonist of Codename: Sailor V . She has a companion cat called Artemis , who works alongside Luna in guiding the Sailor Guardians. Minako transforms into Sailor Venus, the Guardian of Love and Beauty, and leads Sailor Moon's four inner Guardians while acting as her bodyguard and decoy because of their similar appearances. She dreams of becoming a famous singer and idol and attends auditions whenever she can. In contrast, in
23232-643: The male pop star group The Three Lights ( スリーライツ , Surī Raitsu ) and embedded their music with a telepathic broadcast to attract her attention. They attend Jūban High School along with Usagi and her friends. Eventually, while headed to the Galaxy Cauldron, Galaxia's henchwomen Sailor Chi and Sailor Phi kill them. In the anime, the Starlights were given a major role. On Earth, they physically change into males in their civilian forms and become women again when transforming into Sailor Guardians, as opposed to their manga counterparts, who disguise themselves as men as civilians. As Starlights, they distance themselves from
23408-445: The manga. Takeuchi wanted to create a series about girls in outer space, and her editor, Fumio Osano, suggested that she add the "sailor suit" motif to their uniforms. Takeuchi settled on a more unified appearance in later stages of character design. Among the protagonist Sailor Guardians, Sailor Venus, during her time as Sailor V, has the only outfit that varies significantly from the others. Sailor Moon, regardless of form, always has
23584-464: The medium's style. Three Tales (1960) was the first anime film broadcast on television; the first anime television series was Instant History (1961–64). An early and influential success was Astro Boy (1963–66), a television series directed by Tezuka based on his manga of the same name . Many animators at Tezuka's Mushi Production later established major anime studios (including Madhouse , Sunrise , and Pierrot ). The 1970s saw growth in
23760-447: The medium. In the 21st century, the use of other animation techniques is mostly limited to independent short films , including the stop motion puppet animation work produced by Tadahito Mochinaga , Kihachirō Kawamoto and Tomoyasu Murata. Computers were integrated into the animation process in the 1990s, with works such as Ghost in the Shell and Princess Mononoke mixing cel animation with computer-generated images. Fuji Film ,
23936-413: The most demanded foreign-language television shows in the United States accounting for 30.5% of the market share. (In comparison, Spanish-language and Korean-language shows account for 21% and 11% of the market share, respectively.) In 2021 more than half of Netflix's global members watched anime. In 2022, the anime series Attack on Titan won the award of "Most In-Demand TV Series in the World 2021" in
24112-574: The move of many characters of the anime and manga series Naruto . In April 2021, Peruvian politicians Jorge Hugo Romero of the PPC and Milagros Juárez of the UPP cosplayed as anime characters to get the otaku vote. On October 28, 2024, The Vatican unveiled its own anime-styled mascot, " Luce ", in order to connect with Catholic youth through pop culture. List of Sailor Moon characters#Princess Kakyuu The Sailor Moon manga series features
24288-703: The music for the two-part film. The theme song for the two-part film is titled "Moon Flower" ( 月の花 , Tsuki no Hana ) , sung by Daoko . The five-track theme song collection album, titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Cosmos The Movie Theme Song Collection , was released on June 30, 2023, which included the opening songs, " Moonlight Legend " ( ムーンライト伝説 , Mūnraito Densetsu ) , sung by Eternal Sailor5Guardians (first film) and " Sailor Star Song " ( セーラースターソング , Sērā Sutā Songu ) , sung by Nana Mizuki (as Sailor Kakyuu), Marina Inoue (as Sailor Star Fighter), Saori Hayami (as Sailor Star Maker) and Ayane Sakura (as Sailor Star Healer) (second film), an In-Universe song, "To
24464-407: The non-Japanese culture. The cost of English localization averages US$ 10,000 per episode. The industry has been subject to both praise and condemnation for fansubs , the addition of unlicensed and unauthorized subtitled translations of anime series or films. Fansubs, which were originally distributed on VHS bootlegged cassettes in the 1980s, have been freely available and disseminated online since
24640-434: The original English dub of the first anime adaptation ) is the main protagonist of the series. She is a fourteen-year-old girl who is sometimes careless but has a great capacity for love, compassion and understanding. Usagi transforms into the heroine Sailor Moon, the Guardian of Love and Justice. At the beginning of the series, she is a self-described immature crybaby who resents fighting evil and wants nothing more than to be
24816-470: The original English dub) are humanoid aliens who pose, respectively, as Seijūrō Ginga ( 銀河 星十郎 , Ginga Seijūrō , called Alan Granger in the original English dub) and Natsumi Ginga ( 銀河 夏美 , Ginga Natsumi , called Ann Granger in the original English dub) , siblings who transfer to Usagi's school and live in the Jūban Odyssey apartments. While trying to blend in, Ail acts as An's brother and develops
24992-475: The original English dub) are the first set of antagonists the Sailor Guardians encounter, who appear in the first arc of the manga and its adaptions. Established by Queen Beryl, its members mostly consist of brainwashed reincarnations of residents from the Golden Kingdom of Earth who aim to gather human energy and find the Silver Crystal to reawaken Queen Metaria, who was responsible for the destruction of
25168-561: The original English dub) are the main antagonists of the "Dream" arc of the manga and its adaptations. Led by Zirconia, they seek the Golden Crystal to release their ruler Queen Nehelenia from her mirror prison and take over Earth. Shadow Galactica ( シャドウ・ギャラクティカ , Shadō Gyarakutika ) are the main antagonists of the final arc of the manga and its adaptations. They are an organization of corrupted Sailor Guardians led by Sailor Galaxia, who devote themselves to stealing Star Seeds,
25344-408: The original English dub) are the main antagonists of the "Infinity" arc of the manga and its adaptions. Initially led by Kaolinite and Professor Souichi Tomoe before the resurrection of their true leader Mistress 9, they are human-alien hybrids seeking to bring the alien creature Pharaoh 90 to terraform Earth. The Dead Moon Circus ( デッド・ムーン・サーカス , Deddo Mūn Sākasu , called Dark Moon Circus in
25520-422: The original English dub) is a mysterious woman who initially appears as Sailor Pluto, the Guardian of Spacetime and Change . She has the duty of guarding the Space-Time Door against unauthorized travelers, but later appears on Earth living as a college student. She has a distant personality and can be very stern, but can also be friendly and helps the Sailor Guardians when she can. After her long vigil guarding
25696-468: The other Sailor Guardians, deeming that Earth is not their responsibility. They survive several direct battles with Galaxia herself, and help Sailor Moon defeat Chaos to save Galaxia. Takeuchi expressed surprise at Toei Animation 's decision to make the Starlights lead characters in the anime adaptation, but was even more shocked by their treatment of their sex. In the Italian dub, instead of changing sex,
25872-477: The other Sailor Guardians. She transforms into Sailor Uranus, the Guardian of Sky and Flight. Before becoming a Sailor Guardian, she aspired to become a race car driver, and has excellent driving skills. She tends to dress and, in the anime, speak like a man , with other characters often mistaking her for a man. When fighting the enemy, she distrusts outside help and prefers to work solely with her girlfriend, Sailor Neptune, and later Pluto and Saturn. Her talisman,
26048-490: The patronage of the government, which employed animators to produce educational shorts and propaganda . In 1940, the government dissolved several artists' organizations to form the Shin Nippon Mangaka Kyōkai . The first talkie anime was Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka (1933), a short film produced by Masaoka. The first feature-length anime film was Momotaro: Sacred Sailors (1945), produced by Seo with
26224-547: The planets of the Solar System, with the exception of Earth but including its moon. While many characters are humans who possess superhuman strength and magical abilities, the cast also includes anthropomorphic animals and extraterrestrial lifeforms. The series follows the adventures of the titular protagonist, Sailor Moon , her lover Tuxedo Mask , her cat advisor Luna , and her guardians and friends: Sailors Mercury , Mars , Jupiter and Venus . They are later joined by Chibiusa , Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask's daughter from
26400-439: The popularity of manga, many of which were later animated. Tezuka's work—and that of other pioneers in the field—inspired characteristics and genres that remain fundamental elements of anime today. The giant robot genre (also known as " mecha "), for instance, took shape under Tezuka, developed into the super robot genre under Go Nagai and others, and was revolutionized at the end of the decade by Yoshiyuki Tomino , who developed
26576-552: The process. Sailor Moon uses her power to purify the Tree and resurrect An, who, along with Ail and a reborn tree in the form of a small sapling, leave Earth for a better life. In Japanese, the Hell Tree is voiced by Taeko Nakanishi . In the English dub, it is voiced by Elizabeth Hanna in the DIC English adaptation and by Erin Fitzgerald in the Viz Media English adaptation. The Cardians ( カーディアン , Kādian ) are monsters of
26752-408: The proportions of the human body in reality. The height of the head is considered by the artist as the base unit of proportion. Head to height ratios vary drastically by art style, with most anime characters falling between 5 and 8 heads tall. Anime artists occasionally make deliberate modifications to body proportions to produce chibi characters that feature a disproportionately small body compared to
26928-402: The rise of foreign dubbed , subtitled programming, and since the 2010s due to the rise of streaming services and a widening demographic embrace of anime culture, both within Japan and worldwide. As of 2016, Japanese animation accounted for 60% of the world's animated television shows . As a type of animation , anime is an art form that comprises many genres found in other mediums; it
27104-482: The scene in which Diana tells Sailor Pluto to go and help Chibiusa and the Sailor Guardians while she guards the Door of Time and Space made her tear up, stating: "Here was this tiny cat—who by her own admission has no powers and is too small to fight, offering to help however she could. It's moments like these that remind me why I love Sailor Moon so much." The Sailor Starlights ( セーラースターライツ , Sērā Sutāraitsu ) are
27280-451: The screenplay, Kazuko Tadano designing the characters, and original creator and mangaka Naoko Takeuchi chief supervising the films' production, while Tomoya Takahashi had taken over Chiaki Kon ' s position as a director. Studio Deen will also continue to co-animate and produce the films with Toei Animation . In an interview with director Tomoya Takahashi and producers Hideharu Gomi and Seira Takano, even though Cosmos served as
27456-540: The series in mind—but are also aimed at the general music market, therefore they often allude only vaguely or not at all, to the thematic settings or plot of the series. Also, they are often used as incidental music ("insert songs") in an episode, in order to highlight particularly important scenes. Future funk , a musical microgenre that evolved in the early 2010s from Vaporwave with a French house Euro disco influence, heavily uses anime visuals and samples along with Japanese City pop to build an aesthetic. Since
27632-645: The shadow plays of China. Magic lanterns from the Netherlands were also popular in the eighteenth century. The paper play called kamishibai surged in the twelfth century and remained popular in the street theater until the 1930s. Puppets of the Bunraku theater and ukiyo-e prints are considered ancestors of characters of most Japanese animation. Finally, manga were a heavy inspiration for anime. Cartoonists Kitzawa Rakuten and Okamoto Ippei used film elements in their strips. Animation in Japan began in
27808-426: The stage plays found in American animation. Anime is cinematically shot as if by camera, including panning, zooming, distance and angle shots to more complex dynamic shots that would be difficult to produce in reality. In anime, the animation is produced before the voice acting, contrary to American animation which does the voice acting first. The body proportions of human anime characters tend to accurately reflect
27984-534: The studios are organized into a trade association , The Association of Japanese Animations . There is also a labor union for workers in the industry, the Japanese Animation Creators Association . Studios will often work together to produce more complex and costly projects, as done with Studio Ghibli's Spirited Away . An anime episode can cost between US$ 100,000 and US$ 300,000 to produce. In 2001, animation accounted for 7% of
28160-458: The team has six members, as the Three Lights summon their twin sisters instead of transforming, as the original depiction was very controversial in Italy . The Starlights are featured in several of the Sailor Moon musicals ( Sailor Stars , Eien Densetsu , and their revised editions, as well as Ryuusei Densetsu , Kakyuu-Ouhi Kourin and Le Mouvement Final). Despite being portrayed by women, it
28336-505: The term by fusing English and Japanese words. DIC Entertainment / Cloverway 's English adaptation of the anime changed it to "Sailor Scout" for most of its run. According to Takeuchi, only females can be Sailor Guardians. In the anime's fifth season , the Sailor Starlights are depicted as men transforming into women when changing from their normal forms into Sailor Guardians, rather than women disguising as men as they appear in
28512-540: The themes or the development of the relationships themselves. Anime's genre classification differs from other types of animation and does not lend itself to simple classification. Gilles Poitras compared the labeling of Gundam 0080 and its complex depiction of war as a "giant robot" anime akin to simply labeling War and Peace a "war novel". Science fiction is a major anime genre and includes important historical works like Tezuka's Astro Boy and Yokoyama 's Tetsujin 28-go . A major subgenre of science fiction
28688-454: The top 10 in its opening weekend. Rebecca Silverman of Anime News Network gave the two-part film a B+ rating, and stated "The ending is both emotional and cathartic, bringing the story to a close that doesn't feel too final[…]but overall, this is a fitting way to end the reboot of one of the most influential magical girl series: with hope." Anime Anime ( Japanese : アニメ , IPA: [aꜜɲime] ) (a term derived from
28864-405: The top 10 most discussed TV shows worldwide on Twitter. In 2022, Attack on Titan won the award of "Most In-Demand TV Series in the World 2021" in the Global TV Demand Awards. Attack on Titan became the first ever non-English language series to earn the title of World's Most In-Demand TV Show, previously held by only The Walking Dead and Game of Thrones . In 2024, Jujutsu Kaisen broke
29040-400: The true center of the galaxy: the Galaxy Cauldron, source of all life in the Milky Way. She throws the Sailor Crystals and Tuxedo Mask into the Cauldron, erasing them—and by extension, Chibi Moon—from existence. In doing so, she hopes Sailor Moon's powers will overload from grief and destroy Chaos, which lurks in the Cauldron, thereby leaving her as the sole ruler of the galaxy. Chaos merges with
29216-466: The truth of Mamoru's death. In the 30th century, Chibiusa notices time distortions affecting the future, but is told to remain by Neo Queen Serenity. In the present, the Starlights notice an incense burner in Chibi-Chibi's possession and discover that it houses their princess, Princess Kakyuu . She emerges, having healed her body, and reveals that Chibi-Chibi is a Sailor Guardian as well. Another of
29392-480: The unbeatable Sailor Chaos . Cosmos fled to the past, believing she could avoid the devastating losses of battle by guiding her past self to destroy the Cauldron before Sailor Chaos emerged. However, Sailor Moon's final act of courage has restored her resolve to fight on. She returns the Sailor Quartet to the 30th century before returning to her own time. Inside the Cauldron, Usagi reunites with Mamoru, her friends, and Chibiusa, who returns to her own time. The guardian of
29568-1054: The use of source material from several original series. In the early 1990s, several companies began to experiment with the licensing of less child-oriented material. Some, such as A.D. Vision , and Central Park Media and its imprints, achieved fairly substantial commercial success and went on to become major players in the now very lucrative American anime market. Others, such as AnimEigo , achieved limited success. Many companies created directly by Japanese parent companies did not do as well, most releasing only one or two titles before completing their American operations. Licenses are expensive, often hundreds of thousands of dollars for one series and tens of thousands for one movie. The prices vary widely; for example, Jinki: Extend cost only $ 91,000 to license while Kurau Phantom Memory cost $ 960,000. Simulcast Internet streaming rights can be cheaper, with prices around $ 1,000–2,000 an episode, but can also be more expensive, with some series costing more than US$ 200,000 per episode. The anime market for
29744-406: The week Ail and An use to obtain energy to revive the Hell Tree. They are kept in cards until Ail summons them by playing a tune on his flute, causing it to come alive. When a Cardian is destroyed, it changes back into its card form and the picture of it on the card fades to black. The Black Moon Clan ( ブラック・ムーン一族 , Burakku Mūn Ichizoku , called Negamoon Family in the original English dub) are
29920-702: Was 6 years old when my mother took me to Japan. I felt it growing up in Hawaii, like communities across our country, home to so many proud Japanese Americans... Today is also a chance for Americans, especially our young people, to say thank you for all the things we love from Japan. Like karate and karaoke . Manga and anime. And, of course, emojis . In July 2020, after the approval of a Chilean government project in which citizens of Chile would be allowed to withdraw up to 10% of their privately held retirement savings, journalist Pamela Jiles celebrated by running through Congress with her arms spread out behind her, imitating
30096-604: Was also prominent in Codename: Sailor V . In Act 55 of the manga, Sailor Tin Nyanko , a false Guardian from Mau, attacks them. Artemis calls it a peace-loving world, but Tin Nyanko informs him that Sailor Galaxia wiped out its people after he and Luna left. She blasts them on their crescent moon symbols and they turn into ordinary cats, unable to speak. Later, as they care for the cats, Princess Kakyuu informs Usagi that they have powerful Star Seeds which are as brilliant as Sailor Crystals. In Act 56, they are brought to
30272-625: Was also screened in Shanghai International Film Festival in June 2023, as part of "SIFF Special: Toei Animation" line-up. In June 2024, it was announced that Netflix acquired the streaming rights for the two-part film, and it was released worldwide on August 22, 2024. The first film failed to make it into top 10 in the Japanese box office in its opening weekend, but it ranked second on Filmmarks' first-day satisfaction ranking with an average rating of 3.85/5.0 based on 139 reviews. The second film debuted at number 9 in
30448-550: Was announced that Megumi Hayashibara and Nana Mizuki were cast as Sailor Galaxia and Princess Kakyuu respectively, while Kotono Mitsuishi would reprise her role as Chibi-Chibi . In May 2023, the rest of the Shadow Galactica cast was announced, with Yuka Komatsu and Fumie Mizusawa as Sailor Chi and Sailor Phi , Shiori Mikami and Kanae Itō as Sailor Lethe and Sailor Mnemosyne , and Sena Koizumi, Ayumu Murase , Yōko Hikasa , Mariya Ise , and Haruka Kudō as
30624-403: Was drawn with disproportionately large eyes. Tezuka is a central figure in anime and manga history, whose iconic art style and character designs allowed for the entire range of human emotions to be depicted solely through the eyes. The artist adds variable color shading to the eyes and particularly to the cornea to give them greater depth. Generally, a mixture of a light shade, the tone color, and
30800-456: Was proposed for an anime adaptation, Takeuchi changed her concept to include ten superheroines who defend the galaxy. The manga's anime , live-action , musical and video game adaptations feature original characters the production staff created rather than Takeuchi. Naoko Takeuchi initially wrote Codename: Sailor V , a one-shot manga that focused on Sailor Venus . When Toei Animation proposed it for an anime adaptation, Takeuchi changed
30976-510: Was released in Japan in June 2023, with the first film on the 9th, and the second film on the 30th. Netflix acquired the rights for the two-part film, and released it worldwide on August 22, 2024. Months after defeating the Dead Moon Circus , Usagi Tsukino and her friends continue to live peaceful lives as ordinary high school students in the Azabu-Jūban district of Minato, Tokyo . Mamoru Chiba , Usagi's boyfriend, plans to study abroad in
#91908