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85-544: It was created in October 2008 with the merger of two funds, "Samruk" and "Kazyna", by decree of the president of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev . The current chairman of the board of directors is Almasadam Satkaliev. Previously, then-Prime Minister Bakhytzhan Sagintayev served as chairman and Umirzak Shukeyev as chief executive officer and chairman. Independent directors include Sir Richard Harry Evans, Alper Akdeniz, Wilhelm Bender. President Nursultan Nazarbayev initiated

170-606: A 1995 amendment. Later, exploiting a 2007 amendment that removed term limits exclusively for Nazarbayev, he secured re-election in 2011 and 2015 , serving his fourth and fifth terms as president. In 2018, the Parliament approved a constitutional amendment allowing Nazarbayev to lead the Security Council for life. During Nazarbayev's presidency, Kazakhstan experienced a rapid economic growth in 2000s, driven by high oil prices and market-oriented reforms, establishing

255-568: A crisis similarly in Ukraine would happen. In June 2016, armed attacks in Aktobe took place resulting in deaths of 25 people. Nazarbayev called the incident as terrorist attacks which were orchestrated from abroad to destabilize the country similarly in a colour revolution to which he accused of being infiltrated by the ISIS militants. On 8 September 2016, Nazarbayev appointed Karim Massimov as

340-545: A fire. At the end of World War II , the family returned to the village of Chemolgan where in 1948, Nazarbayev began attending school and being taught the Russian language ; while living with his paternal uncle, as his parents had not owned dwelling in the place for a brief period. Nazarbayev later himself chose to settle in the upper part of Chemolgan where mainly ethnic Russians lived, in order to master Russian while communicating with them. Despite performing well at school, by

425-468: A government official until his death. He also retains the ability to speak to the people of Kazakhstan, keeps guards, communication, transport, and state support of his activity, and that his official apartment and summer residence became his property with official maintenance. He is also provided with medical care, sanatorium, pensions and insurance. On April 26, 2015, Nursultan Nazarbayev was re-elected for his 5th presidential term. The official ceremony of

510-649: A member of the World Trade Organization . Moreover, he played a crucial role in nuclear disarmament efforts by renouncing the country's inherited nuclear arsenal and closing the Semipalatinsk Test Site . Despite these accomplishments, challenges persisted due to widespread corruption and nepotism linked to Nazarbayev and his family, which hindered transparency and accountability, posing significant obstacles to Kazakhstan's development. In addition, Nazarbayev's tenure also confronted

595-410: A row. The candidate who receives more than 50 percent of the votes of the constituents that took part in the election shall be deemed elected. If none of the candidates receives the above number of votes, a second round of elections shall be held between the two candidates who obtained the largest number of votes. The candidate who receives the larger number of votes of the constituents who take part in

680-552: A series of economic challenges, including the 2007–2008 financial crisis , the 2010s oil glut , and the Russo-Ukrainian War , in which these events contributed to the devaluation of the Kazakhstani tenge and triggered periods of inflation. In March 2019, Nazarbayev resigned from the presidency amid anti-government rallies , handing power to Kassym-Jomart Tokayev , a close ally who went on to overwhelmingly win

765-459: Is Kassym-Jomart Tokayev , who assumed office on 20 March 2019 following the resignation of the first president, Nursultan Nazarbayev . None of the presidential elections held in Kazakhstan have been considered free or fair by Western standards with issues noted including ballot tampering, multiple voting, harassment of opposition candidates and press censorship. According to Article 41 of

850-567: Is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of Kazakhstan , from the country's independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022. He held the special title of Elbasy from 2010 to 2022. Nazarbayev was one of the longest-ruling non-royal leaders in the world, having led Kazakhstan for nearly three decades, excluding chairmanship in

935-709: The 2022 constitutional referendum , Nazarbayev’s privileges were largely revoked thereafter. He continued to serve as an honorary member of the Senate and a member of the Constitutional Council until those titles were stripped in 2023. Nazarbayev was born in Chemolgan , a rural town near Almaty , when Kazakhstan was one of the republics of the Soviet Union , to parents Ábish Nazarbayev (1903–1970) and Aljan Nazarbayeva (1910–1978). His father Ábish

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1020-538: The BBC as the biggest opposition movement of his time in power. On 16 December 2011, demonstrations in the oil town of Zhanaozen clashed with police on the country's Independence Day. Fifteen people were shot dead by security forces and almost 100 people were injured. Protests quickly spread to other cities but then died down. The subsequent trial of demonstrators uncovered mass abuse and torture of detainees. On 24 September 2012, Nazarbayev appointed Serik Akhmetov as

1105-541: The Eurasian Economic Union was Nazarbayev's "brainchild". Other world leaders who sent messages to Nazarbayev included Ilham Aliyev , President of Azerbaijan , Alexander Lukashenko , President of Belarus , and Emomali Rahmon , President of Tajikistan . President of Kazakhstan [REDACTED] CIS member state The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the head of state of

1190-478: The Founding Congress of the party which was held on 1 March 1999, Nazarbayev was elected as the chairman. From there, he suggested that former PM Sergey Tereshchenko should take over the leading role, noting the constitutional limits on president's affiliation with political parties while Nazarbayev himself remained as de facto party leader. In July 1999, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the date for

1275-646: The Kazakhstan and the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan . The president is the holder of the highest office within the Republic of Kazakhstan. The powers of this position are described in a special section of the Constitution of Kazakhstan . The position was established on 24 April 1990, a year before the dissolution of the Soviet Union . The current president

1360-604: The Minister of Foreign Affairs and State Secretary . Imangali Tasmagambetov took over Tokayev's role as the new PM which viewed as a response towards a political crisis which occurred following the formation of the Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan in November 2001 by several prominent Kazakh officials who called for political and democratic reforms. Tasmagambetov's government was short-lived, facing opposition by

1445-554: The National Security Committee Chairman and Bakhytzhan Sagintayev to the post of the PM. Days later on 13 September, Nazarbayev's daughter Dariga was appointed as the member of the Senate . This suggested that Nazarbayev was preparing for his succession to be taken over by Dariga as the cabinet reshuffling had occurred after Uzbek President Islam Karimov 's death which created political uncertainty in

1530-518: The New Union Treaty was signed, Nazarbayev would replace Valentin Pavlov as Premier of the Soviet Union . The Soviet Union disintegrated following the failed coup, though Nazarbayev was highly concerned with maintaining the close economic ties between Kazakhstan and Russia. In the country's first presidential election , held on 1 December, he appeared alone on the ballot and won 95% of

1615-549: The Nur Otan won all the contested seats in the Mazhilis , eliminating any form of opposition which sparked controversy and criticism from international organizations and groups within the country. In response, Kazakhstan introduced an amendment by allowing for a two-party system since any party that wins second place in race—regardless or not if it passes the 7% electoral threshold —would be guaranteed to have representation in

1700-675: The Otan increased its ranks as all pro-presidential parties began merging into one. Nazarbayev supported the move, stating the need for there to be fewer, but stronger parties that "efficiently defend the interests of the population." In December 2006, the Otan renamed itself into Nur Otan and on 4 July 2007, Nazarbayev was re-elected as the party's chairman. Amidst the political shakeup , Nazarbayev dismissed Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov in January 2007 and appointed Deputy PM Karim Massimov to

1785-499: The Parliament over his proposed policies on land privatisation which led to a motion of no confidence against him. Tasmagambetov resigned in June 2003 and Nazarbayev appointed Daniyal Akhmetov to lead the government citing the reason "to intensify the pace of social and economic development." In June 2000, the Constitutional Council announced its resolution which declared that Nazarbayev's second term was, in fact, his first due to

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1870-652: The Republican Party , held demonstrations in Alma-Ata from 10 to 17 June 1992 calling for the formation of a coalition government , resignation of Sergey Tereshchenko's government and the Supreme Soviet which, at that time, was composed of former Communist Party legislators who had yet to stand in an election. The Constitution, adopted on 28 January 1993, created a strong executive branch with limited checks on executive power. On 10 December 1993,

1955-645: The Supreme Council passed a vote of no confidence against Prime Minister Sergey Tereshchenko amidst political scandals evolving Tereshchenko and government ministers. Nazarbayev objected to the change, arguing that the Constitution gave the president the right to appoint the PM with already existing parliamentary confirmation regardless of the motion of confidence. However, he eventually backed down, dismissing Tereshchenko's government in October 1994 and appointing ethnic-Kazakh Akezhan Kazhegeldin as

2040-421: The legislative elections . The Otan, for the first time, participated in the elections, winning 23 seats. In the aftermath on 1 October 1999, Nazarbayev appointed Kassym-Jomart Tokayev as the PM after his predecessor Nurlan Balgimbayev had faced an increasing unpopularity amidst worsening economy and scandal revolving around an arms deal with North Korea . Nazarbayev appointed Altynbek Sarsenbayev , who at

2125-515: The snap presidential election in June 2019. Although he formally stepped down, Nazarbayev was widely considered a éminence grise in Kazakh politics, retaining significant influence as chairman of both the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan and Nur Otan until 2021 and chairing the Security Council until his dismissal amid the 2022 unrest . Protected by immunity from criminal prosecution until

2210-482: The Constitution, an eligible presidential candidate must be a citizen of Kazakhstan who is at least 40 years old. and has a perfect command of the Kazakh language and has lived in Kazakhstan for not less than 15 years. The election day shall be held on the first Sunday of December and shall not coincide with the election of a new Parliament. The constitution limits the number of terms a president can serve to two terms in

2295-658: The First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1989. In 1990 , he was elected as Kazakhstan's first president by the Supreme Soviet . Nazarbayev played a crucial role in opposing the 1991 coup d'état attempt by Soviet hardliners, which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Nazarbayev ruled an authoritarian regime in Kazakhstan, where a pervasive cult of personality surrounded him, as human rights abuses were severe, dissent

2380-621: The Government corporate Finance. In 2009 Samruk merge with Investment Holding Kazayna. The fund is a member of the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds and are signed up to the 24 Santiago Principles which are a voluntary standard of best practice endorsed by the members for the management of the Sovereign Wealth Funds. The following is a partial list of organizations partly or wholly owned by

2465-471: The Kazakhs"), for the country to attract better and more foreign investment, since "Kazakhstan" by its name is associated with other " -stan " countries. Nazarbayev suggested Mongolia receives more investment than Kazakhstan because it is not a "-stan" country, even though it is in the same neighborhood, and not as stable as Kazakhstan. However, he noted that decision should be decided by the people on whether

2550-456: The Making of Kazakhstan . The book took a generally pro-Nazarbayev stance, asserting in the introduction that he is mostly responsible for the success of modern Kazakhstan. In April 2011, Nazarbayev ran for a fourth term , winning 95.5% of the vote with virtually no opposition candidates. Following his victory, he announced the need in finding an "optimal way of empowering parliament, increasing

2635-500: The PM, a close-ally of Nazarbayev who served as First Deputy PM under Massimov's cabinet and the Äkim of Karaganda Region . Massimov in turn, became the new head of the Presidential Administration . In December 2012, Nazarbayev outlined a forward-looking national strategy called the Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy . In 2014, Nazarbayev proposed that Kazakhstan should change its name to "Kazakh Eli" ("Country of

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2720-475: The Parliament. Nazarbayev has always emphasized the role of education in the nation's social development. In order to make education affordable, on 13 January 2009, he introduced educational grant "Orken" for the talented youth of Kazakhstan. This decree was amended on 23 September 2016. In 2009, former UK Cabinet Minister Jonathan Aitken released a biography of the Kazakh leader entitled Nazarbayev and

2805-648: The President of Kazakhstan receives the special model of the Order of the Golden Eagle, and is thus a Commander of that order ex officio . Item 5 of Article 42 of the Constitution determines that no one can be elected president more than two terms in a row, but it also states that " The present restriction shall not extend on the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. " Article 46 says that

2890-473: The Samruk-Kazyna fund. The percentage of shares controlled by the fund is indicated in brackets. 576 subsidiaries and associated companies are included in the fund's group of companies (as of June 30, 2014). Samruk-Kazyna implements a privatization drive to foreign investors to further develop a market based economy. Nursultan Nazarbayev Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev (born 6 July 1940)

2975-569: The Security Council after the end of his presidency. He has often been referred to as a dictator due to usurpation of power and autocratic rule. Nazarbayev began his political career in 1962, joining the Communist Party of the Soviet Union while working as a factory steel worker. He held prominent positions within the party and in 1984, he was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Kazakh SSR by Dinmukhamed Kunaev . Nazarbayev became

3060-627: The Soviet Union to serve the post, under Dinmukhamed Kunaev , the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan . During that period, the Perestroika policies slowly began to take place under Mikhail Gorbachev while Nazarbayev himself was viewed to be more of experienced policy maker as his views and stances had already been formed during the Khrushchev Thaw and 1965 Soviet economic reform . Kazakhstan at that time

3145-404: The Supreme Soviet voted to dissolve itself and that same day, a presidential decree was signed which set changes in local representative and executive bodies with elections of the mäslihats (local legislatures) taking place every five years and äkims (local heads) being appointed by the president. In March 1994, Kazakhstan for the first time since independence, held a legislative election which

3230-599: The accusations from critics of him personally dissolving the legislature by claiming that it was under Constitutional Court's orders, saying "the law is the law, and the President is obliged to abide by the constitution, otherwise, how will we build a rule-of-law state?" and that the cancellation of the 1996 presidential elections was made by the decision of the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan arguing that "Western schemes do not work in our Eurasian expanses." In October 1997, Nazarbayev dismissed Prime Minister Akezhan Kazhegeldin from his post, which according to political experts

3315-464: The adaptation of the new Kazakh Constitution which took place in 1995 during Nazarbayev's first term. This allowed him the opportunity to run for another election as his term was set to end in 2007. On 4 December 2005, new presidential elections were held where Nazarbayev won by an overwhelming majority of 91.15% (from a total of 6,871,571 eligible participating voters). Nazarbayev was sworn in for another seven-year term on 11 January 2006. In 2006,

3400-527: The blast furnace. From there, Nazarbayev married Sara Nazarbayeva on 25 August 1962, who was a dispatcher at the same steel mill that he worked in. Together, both parties would eventually have three daughters: Dariga , Dinara and Aliya , born in 1963, 1968 and 1980, respectively. On 15 November 1962, Nazarbayev joined the Communist Party , becoming a prominent member of the Young Communist League ( Komsomol ) and full-time worker for

3485-408: The constitution that would redistribute executive powers to the parliament and ministries for the purpose of more open and efficient governance. The Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan ( Kazakh : Қазақстан Республикасы Президентінің Әкімшілігі/ Russian : Администрация Президента Республики Казахстан) reports directly to the president and aids him/her in their everyday dates. It

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3570-485: The country which called for Nazarbayev to stop the momentum on land sales and solve the nation's problems as well. In response to the fears of the lands being sold to foreigners, especially Chinese, Nazarbayev fired back at claims, calling them "groundless" and warned that any provocateur would be punished. On 1 May 2016, at the Kazakhstan People's Unity Day , Nazarbayev warned that without unity and stability,

3655-547: The country as a prominent economic power in Central Asia . Foreign investments in key industries fueled modernization and infrastructure development. Additionally, Nazarbayev's foreign policy approach emphasized maintaining good relations with major powers and actively integrating Kazakhstan into regional organizations such as the Eurasian Economic Union , the Commonwealth of Independent States and globally by becoming

3740-411: The country should change its name. After Kazakhstan faced an economic downturn of which was caused by low oil prices and devaluation of the tenge, Nazarbayev on 2 April 2014 dismissed PM Serik Akhmetov and reappointed Karim Massimov to the post. Akhmetov subsequently was appointed as a Defence Minister while Massimov's government was aimed at dealing with the economic crisis. Nazarbayev for

3825-510: The country would only benefit if Nazarbayev chooses to run for sixth term. On 19 March 2019, following unusually persistent protests in cities across the country, Nazarbayev announced his resignation as President of Kazakhstan, citing the need for "a new generation of leaders". The announcement was broadcast in a televised address in Astana after which he signed a decree ending his powers from 20 March 2019. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev , speaker of

3910-481: The development of the state". The Parliament approved several amendments to the Constitution on 5 March 2017, making the president no longer able to override parliamentary votes of no-confidence, while giving the legislative branch to form a government cabinet, implementing state programs and policies. The move was seen as way by Nazarbayev to ensure the potential of a peaceful transfer of power. Nazarbayev, along with seventeen heads of state and government from around

3995-455: The distribution of funds" meant that infrastructure was poor, workers were demoralised and overworked, and centrally set targets were unrealistic; he saw the steel plant's problems as a microcosm for the problems for the Soviet Union as a whole. In 1984, at the age 43, Nazarbayev became the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (Chairman of the Council of Ministers), the youngest-ever officeholder in

4080-533: The electoral results remarked, "I apologize that for superdemocratic states such figures are unacceptable. But I could do nothing. If I had interfered, I would have looked undemocratic, right?" The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe criticized the election as falling short of international democratic standards. In early 2016, it was announced that 1.7 million hectares of agricultural land would be sold at an auction. This sparked rare protests around

4165-411: The executive powers through the introduction of a new draft for the Constitution of Kazakhstan . These actions consolidated Nazarbayev's authority and control over the country's political landscape. In 1999 , Nazarbayev was re-elected second time for what was officially recognized as his first term, as the Constitutional Council 's ruling in 2000 allowed him to run again in 2005 under the provisions of

4250-667: The first stage, only 5 national companies were included in the Samruk Holding, some of which are natural monopolies. At the second stage, 17 national companies operating in the mining, energy sector, related to the sea and air transportation of goods and passenger transportation, generation and distribution of electricity, metallurgy and pipeline infrastructure were included in the Holding "Samruk". In 2006, Samruk holding united 22 national companies, which accounted for 24% of Kazakhstan's GDP. The state holding focused its activities on

4335-436: The following main issues: · coordination of positions of various ministries and departments to determine long-term goals and objectives of state companies; · the selection, motivation, evaluation of managers of state-owned companies, development of their skills; planning, budgeting and approval investment of state-owned companies; monitoring the activities of state-owned companies and the adoption of corrective measures; · advising

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4420-643: The government's responsibility and improving the electoral process." On 11 June 2011, Daniel Witt, Vice Chairman of the Eurasia Foundation, acknowledged the role of Nazarbayev and his political reforms: "[President] Nazarbayev has led Kazakhstan through difficult times and into an era of prosperity and growth. He has demonstrated that he values his U.S. and Western alliances and is committed to achieving democratic governance." In December 2011, opponents of Nazarbayev rioted in Mangystau , described by

4505-520: The inauguration took place at the Palace of Independence in Nur-Sultan on April 29. At the inauguration ceremony the re-elected president assured the nation that he would continue the 5 institutional reforms that he had offered earlier, which would contribute to the consistent growth and development of the country. On January 25, 2017, President Nursultan Nazarbayev laid the groundwork for reforms to

4590-459: The last time ran again in the 2015 presidential election for the fifth term. From there, he gathered 97.7% of the vote share, making it one of the biggest in Kazakhstan's history. In his victory speech, he emphasized the top priority in Nurly Zhol stimulus package that was designed in softening the social blow caused by economic troubles. At a later news conference, Nazarbayev speaking about

4675-576: The long-term value and capitalization of national companies is to improve corporate governance. In August 2006 by the decree of the president of the Republic of Kazakhstan was founded JSC "Kazakhstan Holding of the State assets management "Samruk", an investment holding, whose mission was to improve the national welfare of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ensure the long-term sustainability of future generations. First Board of directors and management board of JSC "Kazakhstan holding on state assets management "Samruk"

4760-438: The management board was Mr. Kulibayev T. A. The current chairman is Akhmetzhan Yessimov, a former deputy prime minister of Kazakhstan and the current father-in-law of Galimzhan Yessenov . Yessimov has been criticised for allowing Samruk to deposit about $ 350 million in cash with his son-in-law Yessenov's bank, ATF. The Holding also attracted foreign specialists from Germany, Mr. Wokurka Ulf and from Russia, Mr. Stepanko Michael. At

4845-515: The maximum required age of a presidential candidate. The following day on 8 October, Nazarbayev signed decree setting the election date for January 1999. He was reelected for second term by winning 81% of the vote, defeating his main challenger and former Supreme Council chairman Serikbolsyn Abdildin . Abdildin himself in response refused to acknowledge the official results, insisting that they were falsified. In February 1999, several pro-presidential parties formed into one party named Otan . At

4930-519: The minimum monthly wage in an effort "to fight organized crime." An April 1995 referendum extended Nazarbayev's term, originally set to end in 1996, to until 2000. In August 1995 , a referendum was held which allowed for greater presidential powers and established a bicameral Parliament as well. Both the elections for Mazhilis (lower house) and the Senate (upper house) were held in December 1995 which convened in January 1996. Nazarbayev dismissed

5015-464: The neighboring country. Nazarbayev dismissed the claims of hereditary succession in an interview to the Bloomberg News in November 2016, saying that the "transfer of power is spelled out by the Constitution." In January 2017, Nazarbayev proposed constitutional reforms, which would allow for the Parliament to have greater role in decision making, calling it "a consistent and logical step in

5100-667: The new PM. In 1994, Nazarbayev suggested relocating the capital city from Almaty to Astana , and the official changeover of the capital happened on 10 December 1997. In March 1995, the Constitutional Court ruled that 1994 legislative elections were held unconstitutionally and as a result, Nazarbayev dissolved the Supreme Council . From that period, all bills were adopted on the basis of presidential decrees such as outlawing any civic participation in an unregistered and/or illegal public association who would be punished with 15-day jail sentence or fines from 5 to 10 times

5185-846: The party, while attending the Karagandy Polytechnic Institute. He was appointed secretary of the Communist Party Committee of the Karaganda Metallurgical Kombinat in 1972, and four years later became Second Secretary of the Karaganda Regional Party Committee. In his role as a bureaucrat, Nazarbayev dealt with legal papers, logistical problems, and industrial disputes, as well as meeting workers to solve individual issues. He later wrote that "the central allocation of capital investment and

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5270-531: The people ), the title bestowed upon him by parliament in 2010. The title was later removed due to the cancellation of the Law on the First President. Various colleagues of Nazarbayev reacted within hours of the announcement, with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev holding a telephone conversation with Nazarbayev, calling him a "great politician". In a cabinet meeting, Russian President Vladimir Putin praised Nazarbayev's leadership, even going as far as to say that

5355-613: The post. He stated that Massimov had the "sufficient knowledge and experience" to "develop Kazakhstan's successes." On 18 May 2007, the Parliament of Kazakhstan approved a constitutional amendment which allowed the incumbent president—himself—to run for an unlimited number of five-year terms. This amendment applied specifically and only to Nazarbayev: the original constitution's prescribed maximum of two five-year terms will still apply to all future presidents of Kazakhstan. That same year in August, legislative elections were held from which

5440-410: The president's "honor and dignity shall be inviolable" and that his expenses shall be paid by the state. Item 4 of the article outlines the special status and authority of the first president, and refers to a special constitutional act for definitions. According to this act, the first president possesses total, absolute and termless immunity for all actions he performs while in office, and that he remains

5525-524: The second round of elections shall be deemed elected as the new president. The president of Kazakhstan's decorations include a breast mark and a presidential standard . The standard of the president of Kazakhstan is similar to the national flag in that it is rectangular in shape with a ratio of 1:2. In the center of the standard is the emblem of Kazakhstan . It is bordered on three sides with golden fringe. The current presidential standard has been in service as recently as 2012. The former standard, which

5610-404: The state assets of Singapore. Nursultan Nazarbayev highly appreciated Lee Kuan Yew's activities in the field of state government and economy development and took into account the experience of the "Singapore economic miracle" in carrying out Kazakhstan's economic reforms. After studying the experience of 13 world state holdings, it was concluded that one of the resources of Kazakhstan in increasing

5695-507: The time Nazarbayev was in 10th grade, all the classes in the same grade were called off due to a student shortage and as a result in 1957, he was sent to a boarding school named after Abai Qunanbaiuly in Kaskelen . During that time, Nazarbayev's father, Äbish, wished to create favourable conditions towards his son for studying and living as well as to potentially avoid bad influence from peers by renting himself an apartment for Nazarbayev in

5780-699: The time served as the Minister of Culture, Information and Concord, the Secretary of the Security Council , replacing Marat Tazhin , on 4 May 2001. Tazhin became the Chairman of the National Security Committee , replacing Alnur Mussayev . Mussayev became the head of the Presidential Security Service. In January 2002, Prime Minister Kassym-Jomart Tokayev resigned from his post and was subsequently appointed as

5865-461: The unification of national companies into a single holding under the control of the state. The idea to unite all national companies into a single holding under state control was born by Nursultan Nazarbayev after his visit to Singapore in autumn 2003. In 2003, the president of Kazakhstan met with Mr. Lee Kuan Yew and the management board of the TEMASEC, national investment Fund, which manages part of

5950-404: The upper house of parliament, was appointed as president of the country until the end of the presidential term. Notwithstanding his resignation as president, he continued to head the ruling Nur Otan party and remains a member of the Constitutional Council . In his televised address Nazarbayev pointed out that he had been granted the honorary status of elbasy (leader of the nation, leader of

6035-598: The village. After leaving school, Nazarbayev took up a one-year, government-funded scholarship at the Karaganda Steel Mill in Temirtau . He also spent time training at a steel plant in Dniprodzerzhynsk , and therefore was away from Temirtau when riots broke out there over working conditions. By the age of 20, he was earning a relatively good wage doing "incredibly heavy and dangerous work" in

6120-596: The vote. On 21 December, he signed the Alma-Ata Protocol , taking Kazakhstan into the Commonwealth of Independent States . Nazarbayev renamed the former State Defense Committees as the Ministry of Defense and appointed Sagadat Nurmagambetov as Defense Minister on 7 May 1992. The Supreme Soviet , under the leadership of Chairman Serikbolsyn Abdilin , began debating over a draft constitution in June 1992. Opposition political parties Azat , Jeltoqsan and

6205-714: The world, which included Felipe VI of Spain and leaders of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member countries, consisting of Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and India, attended the opening ceremony of Expo 2017 which was held in Astana . An estimated 3.86 million people visited the site with Nazarbayev at the closing ceremony on 10 September 2017 calling it as "Kazakhstan's most brilliant achievements since its independence." Senate Chairman Kassym-Jomart Tokayev , in an interview to BBC News in June 2018, suggested that Nazarbayev's term presidential from 2015

6290-422: Was a poor labourer who worked for a wealthy local family until Soviet rule confiscated the family's farmland in the 1930s during Joseph Stalin 's collectivization policy. Following this, his father took the family to the mountains to live out a nomadic existence. His family's religious tradition was Sunni Islam . Äbish avoided compulsory military service due to a withered arm he had sustained when putting out

6375-499: Was approved by the president of Kazakhstan and consists of highly qualified top managers. Currently, Alikhan Smailov has been appointed chairman of the board of directors. The first chairman of the board of directors was the head of the President Administration, Mr. Zhaksybekov A. R., later this position was taken by Sir Richard Evans. The first chairman of the management board was Mynbayev S. M., deputy chairman of

6460-524: Was boycotted by the Azat and Jeltoqsan parties. From there, the pro-presidential People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity party won a majority of 30 seats with independent candidates who were on presidential-list won 42 seats. The OSCE observers called the elections unfair, reporting an inflated voter turnout. Nevertheless, the new composition of the Parliament was considered to be "professional" with different various political factions that functioned. In May 1994,

6545-482: Was elected as the first President of Kazakhstan by the Supreme Soviet . He supported Russian President Boris Yeltsin against the attempted coup in August 1991 by Soviet hardliners . Nazarbayev was close enough to Soviet general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev for Gorbachev to consider him for the post of Vice President of the Soviet Union ; however, Nazarbayev turned the offer down. However, on 29 July, Gorbachev, Yeltsin, and Nazarbayev discussed and decided that once

6630-559: Was established in accordance of Presidential Decree No. 2565 on October 20, 1995. It is currently based at the Ak Orda Presidential Palace in the capital city of Nur-Sultan . Prior to that, it was based in Almaty . The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and other international monitors criticised the election as unfair, with issues noted including the closure of media outlets critical of

6715-408: Was in fact, the last one as he hinted the possibility that Nazarbayev would not run for re-election which was scheduled for 2020. Minister of Information and Communications Dauren Abaev responded to Tokayev's statements claiming that "there's still a lot of time" for Nazarbayev to decide on whether to run for re-election pointing out that the decision will be primarily based on his. He also added that

6800-553: Was ousted in 1986 and replaced by Gennady Kolbin , an ethnic Russian, who despite his office, had little authority in Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev was named party leader and the top position (First Secretary of the Communist Party) on 22 June 1989, only the second Kazakh (after Kunayev) to hold the post. He was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet ( head of state ) from 22 February to 24 April 1990. On 24 April 1990 , Nazarbayev

6885-689: Was reportedly met with disagreements amongst the republic's leadership. Growing frustrated over the problems within the Kazakh SSR, at the 16th Session of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan held in January 1986, Nazarbayev criticized Askar Kunayev, head of the Academy of Sciences, for not reforming his department. Dinmukhamed, Nazarbayev's boss and Askar's brother, felt deeply angered and betrayed. Kunayev went to Moscow and demanded Nazarbayev's dismissal while Nazarbayev's supporters campaigned for Kunayev's dismissal and Nazarbayev's promotion. Kunayev

6970-448: Was seen as a "power grab". In his address, he criticized Kazhegeldin over his record reforms and in his place, Nazarbayev appointed Nurlan Balgimbayev , an oil engineer who prior served as an Oil and Gas Minister. On 7 October 1998, a number of amendments were made to the Constitution of Kazakhstan in which the term of office of the president was increased from 5 to 7 years as well as term limits. The changes also removed restriction on

7055-468: Was seen as a backwater republic within the Soviet Union with its industry being heavily reliant upon rich raw materials, specifically in mining sectors and was forced upon to import its consumer goods from other Soviet republics. It faced problems especially in countryside with a need state farm repairs, as well as housing for farmers, lack of available preschools for rural children which Nazarbayev during his tenure raised issues in regard to these problems that

7140-504: Was suppressed, and elections were not free and fair. In the country's first direct presidential election, held in 1991 , he appeared alone on the ballot with no opposing candidates and secured an overwhelming 98% of the vote. In 1995, he governed the country in a rule by decree , as the Supreme Council was absent. In April of that year, a presidential term referendum extended his presidency until 2000. Additionally, in August, constitutional referendum took place, significantly bolstering

7225-449: Was used from 1995–2012, was a light blue rectangle there with a golden circle in which the figure of the young Kazakh leader Sakas riding a snow leopard . The Order of the Golden Eagle ( Kazakh : Алтын Қыран ордені or Altyn Qyran Order) is the highest civilian award that can be awarded by the president of Kazakhstan. Its purpose is to recognize outstanding service to the country by Kazakh and foreign citizens. As head of state ,

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