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73-528: The first Sicilians who came to the territory that is now the United States were explorers and missionaries in the 17th century under the Spanish crown . Sicilian emigration to the United States then increased significantly starting from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. Direct connections by sea departed from the ports of Palermo and Castellammare del Golfo . Since emigration from Sicily began in

146-487: A genealogy of Jesus showing ancestry from King David , but through different sons; Matthew follows the major royal line from Solomon , while Luke traces another line back to Nathan , another son of David and Bathsheba . Consequently, all the names between David and Joseph are different. Like the two differing genealogies, the infancy narratives appear only in Matthew and Luke and take different approaches to reconciling

219-666: A zeppola (created in 1840 by Don Pasquale Pinatauro in Naples) on Saint Joseph's Day. Maccu di San Giuseppe is a traditional Sicilian dish that consists of various ingredients and maccu that is prepared on this day. Maccu is a foodstuff and soup that dates to ancient times which is prepared with fava beans as a primary ingredient. Upon a typical Saint Joseph's Day altar, people place flowers, limes, candles, wine, fava beans, specially prepared cakes, breads, cookies, other meatless dishes, and zeppole . Foods are traditionally served containing bread crumbs to represent sawdust since Joseph

292-710: A " tekton " (τέκτων) has been traditionally translated into English as "carpenter", but is a rather general word (from the same root that gives us "technical", "technology") that could cover makers of objects in various materials. The Greek term evokes an artisan with wood in general, or an artisan in iron or stone. But the specific association with woodworking is a constant in Early Christian tradition; Justin Martyr (died c. 165) wrote that Jesus made yokes and ploughs , and there are similar early references. Other scholars have argued that tekton could equally mean

365-430: A Sicilian creation. One tradition has each guest at a St. Joseph's Day table receiving a slice of orange, a bit of fennel and a fava bean, for good luck. Exploration Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery . Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory activity is common to most organisms capable of directed locomotion and

438-437: A drought, they would share their bounty with the poor. The foods served at such tables include: Pasta con le sarde (spaghetti with sardines); lenticchie (lentils); and various froscie (omelettes) made with cardoon (wild artichoke), cicoria (dandelion) and other homely vegetables. Desserts include sfingi , zeppoli , a light puff pastry; sfogliatelle , pignolati , struffoli (honey balls); and cannoli ,

511-421: A high probability, making it efficient to concentrate on the areas of high probability when they are found, and for the skipping areas of very low probability. Once an anomaly has been identified and interpreted to be a prospect, more detailed exploration of the potential reserve can be done by soil sampling, drilling, seismic surveys, and similar methods to assess the most appropriate method and type of mining and

584-488: A highly skilled craftsman in wood or the more prestigious metal, perhaps running a workshop with several employees, and noted sources recording the shortage of skilled artisans at the time. Géza Vermes has stated that the terms 'carpenter' and 'son of a carpenter' are used in the Jewish Talmud to signify a very learned man, and he suggests that a description of Joseph as 'naggar' (a carpenter) could indicate that he

657-416: A large feast to honor him. The rain did come, and the people of Sicily prepared a large banquet for their patron saint. The fava bean was the crop which saved the population from starvation and is a traditional part of Saint Joseph's Day altars and traditions. Giving food to the needy is a Saint Joseph's Day custom. In some communities it is traditional to wear red clothing and eat a Neapolitan pastry known as

730-595: A patron saint of Kingdom of Croatia by Croatian Sabor on 9 June 1687 ) and of several main cities ( Karlovac ), dioceses and administrative regions ( Karlovac County in Croatia ). Many churches, monasteries and other institutions are dedicated to Saint Joseph. Saint Joseph's Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome . Elsewhere in

803-518: A previous marriage. A popular position held by many Catholics, derived from the writings of Jerome , is that Joseph was the husband of Mary, but that references to Jesus' "brothers" should be understood to mean cousins. Such usage is prevalent throughout history, and occurs elsewhere in the Bible. Abraham 's nephew Lot (Genesis 11:26-28) was referred to as his brother (Genesis 14:14), as was Jacob 's uncle Laban (Genesis 29:15). Jesus himself frequently used

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876-411: A problem: they stated clearly that Mary conceives Jesus virginally, and Joseph is not his father; however, Jesus was described unambiguously by John and Matthew as "Joseph's son" and "the carpenter's son", and Joseph's paternity was essential to establish Jesus' Davidic descent . The theological situation was complicated by the gospel references to "brothers and sisters" of Jesus , who may have been: (1)

949-446: A tradition intended to protect Mary's perpetual virginity. In the original Greek the words used to describe Joseph describe him as middle-aged. This fits with Joseph's duties and aligns with the saints who said he was 33 when he married Mary. Mauro Gagliardi presents a hypothesis that Joseph was assumed into Heaven with body and soul because he belongs to the few saints who left no bodily relics. The Gospel of James (also known as

1022-404: A world map that depicted all of Earth's continents. Underwater exploration is the exploration of any underwater environment , either by direct observation by the explorer, or by remote observation and measurement under the direction of the investigators. Systematic, targeted exploration, with simultaneous survey, and recording of data, followed by data processing, interpretation and publication,

1095-874: Is a solemnity (first class if using the Tridentine calendar ), and is transferred to another date if impeded (i.e., 19 March falling on Sunday or in Holy Week). Joseph is remembered in the Church of England and the Episcopal Church on 19 March. Popular customs among Christians of various liturgical traditions observing Saint Joseph's Day are attending Mass or the Divine Service , wearing red-coloured clothing, carrying dried fava beans that have been blessed , and assembling home altars dedicated to Saint Joseph. In Sicily , where Saint Joseph

1168-470: Is associated with various feast days . The month of March is dedicated to Saint Joseph. Pope Pius IX declared him to be both the patron and the protector of the Catholic Church, in addition to his patronages of the sick and of a holy death, due to the belief that he died in the presence of Jesus and Mary. Joseph has become patron of various dioceses and places. Being a patron saint of virgins, he

1241-580: Is born in Bethlehem because Joseph and Mary have to travel there to be counted in a census. Subsequently, Jesus was born there. Luke's account makes no mention of him being visited by angels (Mary and various others instead receive similar visitations), the Massacre of the Innocents, or of the flight into Egypt. The last time Joseph appears in person in any of the canonical Gospels is in the narrative of

1314-658: Is not mentioned as being present at the Wedding at Cana at the beginning of Jesus' mission, nor at the Passion at the end. If he had been present at the Crucifixion , he would under Jewish custom have been expected to take charge of Jesus' body, but this role is instead performed by Joseph of Arimathea . Nor would Jesus have entrusted his mother to the care of John the Apostle if her husband had been alive. While none of

1387-579: Is reflected in the celebration of the Feast of Saint Joseph, primarily in New Orleans and Buffalo , every March 19. Many families in those cities prepare a " Saint Joseph's Day table", at which relatives or neighbors portray Jesus, Joseph and Mary and oversee the serving of meat-free Lenten meals to the poor of the community. The tables are the vestiges of a Sicilian legend which states that farmers prayed to St. Joseph, promising that if he interceded in

1460-602: Is regarded by many as their patron saint , and in many Italian-American communities, thanks are given to Saint Joseph ( San Giuseppe in Italian ) for preventing a famine in Sicily during the Middle Ages . According to legend, there was a severe drought at the time, and the people prayed for their patron saint to bring them rain. They promised that if God answered their prayers through Joseph's intercession, they would prepare

1533-493: Is that both Joseph and his father were the sons of Levirate marriages. A third explanation proposed by Augustine of Hippo is that Joseph was adopted, and his two genealogies trace Joseph's lineage through his biological and adopted families. In the Gospels, Joseph's occupation is mentioned only once. The Gospel of Matthew asks about Jesus: Is not this the carpenter's son ( ho tou tektōnos huios )? Joseph's description as

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1606-788: Is the exploration of manmade structures, usually abandoned ruins or hidden components of the manmade environment. Photography and historical interest/documentation are heavily featured in the hobby, sometimes involving trespassing onto private property. The activity presents various risks, including physical danger and, if done illegally and/or without permission, the possibility of arrest and punishment. Some activities associated with urban exploration violate local or regional laws and certain broadly interpreted anti-terrorism laws , or can be considered trespassing or invasion of privacy. Traditionally, mineral exploration relied on direct observation of mineralisation in rock outcrops or in sediments. More recently, however, mineral exploration also includes

1679-423: Is the most effective method to increase understanding of the ocean and other underwater regions, so they can be effectively managed, conserved, regulated, and their resources discovered, accessed, and used. Less than 10% of the ocean has been mapped in any detail, even less has been visually observed , and the total diversity of life and distribution of populations is similarly incompletely known. Space exploration

1752-487: Is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space . While the exploration of space is currently carried out mainly by astronomers with telescopes , its physical exploration is conducted both by uncrewed robotic space probes and human spaceflight . Space exploration, like its classical form astronomy , is one of the main sources for space science . While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy, predates reliable recorded history , it

1825-408: Is venerated as "most chaste". A specific veneration is attributed to the pure and most Chaste Heart of Joseph . Several venerated images of Saint Joseph have been granted a decree of canonical coronation by a pontiff . Religious iconography often depicts him with lilies or spikenard . With the present-day growth of Mariology , the theological field of Josephology has also grown and since

1898-402: Is well known as the patron saint of fathers, both families and virgins, workers, especially carpenters, expecting mothers and unborn children. Among many others, he is the patron saint of attorneys and barristers, emigrants, travelers and house hunters. He is invoked against hesitation and for the grace of a holy death. Many cities, towns, and locations are named after Saint Joseph. According to

1971-763: The Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus , Joseph is one of the three members of the Holy Family ; since he only appears in the birth narratives of the Gospels, Jesus is depicted as a child when with him. The formal veneration of the Holy Family began in the 17th century by François de Laval . In 1962, Pope John XXIII inserted the name of Joseph in the Canon of the Mass , immediately after that of

2044-532: The Council of Constance . In 1889 Pope Leo XIII issued the encyclical Quamquam pluries in which he urged Catholics to pray to Saint Joseph, as the patron of the church in view of the challenges facing the church. Likewise, Leo stated that Saint Joseph "set himself to protect with a mighty love and a daily solicitude his spouse and the Divine Infant; regularly by his work he earned what was necessary for

2117-554: The Ice Age land bridge from Siberia to Alaska, and moved southwards to settle in the Americas. For the most part, these cultures were ignorant of each other's existence. The second period of exploration, occurring over the last 10,000 years, saw increased cross-cultural exchange through trade and exploration, and marked a new era of cultural intermingling, and more recently, convergence. Early writings about exploration date back to

2190-652: The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency , the Spanish form, San Jose , is the most common place name in the world. Probably the most-recognized San Joses are San José, Costa Rica , and San Jose, California , United States , given their name by Spanish colonists . Joseph is the patron saint of the New World and of many countries ( Austria – especially venerated in Carinthia , Styria , and Tyrol , Croatia – proclaimed as

2263-617: The Passover visit to the Temple in Jerusalem when Jesus is 12 years old, which is found only in Luke. No mention is made of him thereafter. The story emphasizes Jesus' awareness of his coming mission: here Jesus speaks to both Mary and Joseph of "my father," meaning God, but they fail to understand. Christian tradition represents Mary as a widow during the adult ministry of her son. Joseph

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2336-481: The 1950s centers for studying it have been formed. The Pauline epistles are the oldest extant Christian writings. These mention Jesus' mother (without naming her), but do not refer to his father. The Gospel of Mark , believed to be the first gospel to be written and with a date about two decades after Paul , also does not mention Jesus' father. The first appearance of Joseph is in the gospels of Matthew and Luke , often dated from around 80–90 AD. Each contains

2409-498: The 4th millennium B.C. in ancient Egypt . One of the earliest and most impactful thinkers on exploration was Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. Between the 5th century and 15th century AD, most exploration was done by Chinese and Arab explorers. This was followed by the Age of Discovery after European scholars rediscovered the works of early Latin and Greek geographers. While the Age of Discovery

2482-616: The 9th century, and continued growing to the 14th century. Thomas Aquinas discussed the necessity of the presence of Saint Joseph in the plan of the Incarnation for if Mary had not been married, the Jews would have stoned her and that in his youth Jesus needed the care and protection of a human father. In the 15th century, major steps were taken by Bernardine of Siena , Pierre d'Ailly, and Jean Gerson . Gerson wrote Consideration sur Saint Joseph and preached sermons on Saint Joseph at

2555-566: The Blessed Virgin Mary. In 2013, Pope Francis had his name added to the three other Eucharistic Prayers . 19 March, Saint Joseph's Day, has been the principal feast day of Saint Joseph in Western Christianity since the 10th century, and is celebrated by Catholics, Anglicans , Lutherans , and other denominations. In Eastern Orthodoxy , the feast day of Saint Joseph is celebrated on 26 December (Synaxis of

2628-444: The Gospels mentions Joseph as present at any event during Jesus' adult ministry, the synoptic Gospels share a scene in which the people of Nazareth, Jesus' hometown, doubt Jesus' status as a prophet because they know his family. In Mark 6:3, they call Jesus "Mary's son" instead of naming his father. In Matthew , the townspeople call Jesus "the carpenter's son," again without naming his father. In Luke 3:23 NIV: "Now Jesus himself

2701-750: The Mother of God and flight of the Holy Family into Egypt ), the First Sunday after the Nativity of Christ , on 19 March and on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Nativity ) and on the Sunday of the Holy Fathers (Sunday before the Nativity ), when he is commemorated together with other ancestors of Jesus . In the Catholic Church, the Feast of Saint Joseph (19 March)

2774-592: The Protoevangelium of James), written about 150 AD, presents Joseph as an old man chosen by God to watch over the Virgin. Jesus' brothers are presented as Joseph's children by an earlier marriage. The History of Joseph the Carpenter , written in the 5th century and framed as a biography of Joseph dictated by Jesus, describes how Joseph, aged 90, a widower with four sons and two daughters, is given charge of

2847-399: The United States before Italian unification , and reached its peak at a time when regional differences were still very strong and marked, many Sicilian immigrants identified (and still identify), both linguistically and ethnically , primarily on a regional rather than a national basis. Today, there are many studies also dedicated to the history of Sicilian Americans. Sicilian emigration to

2920-449: The United States grew substantially starting in the 1880s to 1914, when it was cut off by World War I . Many Sicilians planned to return home after a few years making money in the United States, but the wartime delay allowed many to assimilate into better jobs and wartime experience, so they did not return. By 1924, about 4,000,000 Italians emigrated to the US. The Emergency Quota Act , and

2993-688: The Wednesday in the second week after Easter, and gave it an octave . In 1955, Pope Pius XII introduced in its place the feast of Saint Joseph the Worker on 1 May in the General Roman Calendar as an ecclesiasical counterpart to the International Workers' Day on the same day. This reflects Saint Joseph's status as patron of workers. Pius XII established the feast both to honor Saint Joseph, and to make people aware of

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3066-412: The ability to learn, and has been described in, amongst others, social insects foraging behaviour, where feedback from returning individuals affects the activity of other members of the group. Geographical exploration, sometimes considered the default meaning for the more general term exploration, is the practice of discovering lands and regions of the planet Earth remote or relatively inaccessible from

3139-455: The carpenter to whom she had been betrothed, as having been guilty of adultery, and that she bore a child to a certain soldier named Pantera ." Origen, however, argues that Celsus's claim was a fabricated story. The earliest records of a formal devotional following for Saint Joseph date to the year 800 and references to him as Nutritor Domini (educator/guardian of the Lord) began to appear in

3212-644: The child to Nazareth in Galilee and settles there. Thus in Matthew, the infant Jesus, like Moses, is in peril from a cruel king, like Moses he has a (fore)father named Joseph who goes down to Egypt, like the Old Testament Joseph this Joseph has a father named Jacob, and both Josephs receive important dreams foretelling their future. In the Gospel of Luke, Joseph already lives in Nazareth, and Jesus

3285-524: The dignity of human work. The Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary is observed in some liturgical calendars (e. g. that of the Oblates of Saint Joseph ) on 23 January. Pope Francis on 8 December 2020, released the apostolic letter Patris corde on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the declaration by Pius IX, on 8 December 1870, of Saint Joseph as patron of the Universal Church; for

3358-462: The disbelieving neighbors refer to "Jesus the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know". Joseph appears in Luke as the father of Jesus and in a "variant reading in Matthew". Matthew and Luke both contain a genealogy of Jesus showing his ancestry from David , but through different sons; Matthew follows the major royal line from Solomon , while Luke traces another line back to Nathan , another son of David and Bathsheba . Consequently, all

3431-836: The economic potential. In all these definitions there is an implication of novelty, or unfamiliarity or the expectation of discovery in the exploration, whereas a survey implies directed examination, but not necessarily discovery of any previously unknown or unexpected information. The activities are not mutually exclusive, and often occur simultaneously to a variable extent. The same field of investigation or region may be explored at different times by different explorers with different motivations, who may make similar or different discoveries. Explorers: General Pre-Renaissance Exploration and Empire The Continents The Oceans The Poles Space Saint Joseph Joseph ( Hebrew : יוסף , romanized :  Yosef ; Greek : Ἰωσήφ , romanized :  Ioséph )

3504-499: The father of James and his three brothers ( Joses , Simeon , Judah ) and two sisters (a Salome and a Mary or a Salome and an Anna ) with James being the eldest sibling. James and his siblings were not children of Mary but were Joseph's children from a previous marriage. After Joseph's first wife died, many years later when he was eighty, "he took Mary (mother of Jesus)". Eusebius of Caesarea relates in his Church History (Book III, ch. 11) that " Hegesippus records that Clopas

3577-414: The first part of a two-part marriage, is frequently translated as "betrothal". Couples who fulfill the requirements of the kiddushin are married, until death or divorce. The New Testament has no mention of Joseph's death, but he is never mentioned after the story of finding Jesus in the temple when Jesus was 12. This is in contrast with some eastern traditions that made Joseph out to be 90 years old,

3650-603: The following hymn is chanted: Verily, Joseph the betrothed, saw clearly in his old age that the foresayings of the Prophets had been fulfilled openly; for he was given an odd earnest, receiving inspiration from the angels, who cried, Glory to God; for he hath bestowed peace on earth. In the Catholic tradition, just as there are prayers for the Seven Joys of Mary and Seven Sorrows of Mary , there are also prayers for

3723-532: The names between David and Joseph are different. According to Matthew 1:16 "Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary", while according to Luke 3:23, Joseph is said to be "the son of Heli ". The variances between the genealogies given in Matthew and Luke are explained in a number of ways. One possibility is that Matthew's genealogy traces Jesus' legal descent, according to Jewish law , through Joseph; while Luke's genealogy traces his actual physical descent through Mary. Another possibility proposed by Julius Africanus

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3796-556: The one and the other for nourishment and clothing" Josephology , the theological study of Saint Joseph, is one of the most recent theological disciplines. In 1989, on the occasion of the centenary of Quamquam pluries Pope John Paul II issued Redemptoris Custos ( Guardian of the Redeemer ), which presented Saint Joseph's role in the plan of redemption, as part of the "redemption documents" issued by John Paul II such as Redemptoris Mater to which it refers. Together with

3869-768: The origin of the explorer. The surface of the Earth not covered by water has been relatively comprehensively explored, as access is generally relatively straightforward, but underwater and subterranean areas are far less known, and even at the surface, much is still to be discovered in detail in the more remote and inaccessible wilderness areas. Two major eras of geographical exploration occurred in human history: The first, covering most of Human history, saw people moving out of Africa , settling in new lands, and developing distinct cultures in relative isolation. Early explorers settled in Europe and Asia; about 14,000 years ago, some crossed

3942-665: The poor. The first Josephites in America re-devoted their part of the order to ministry within the newly emancipated African American community. The Oblates of St. Joseph were founded in 1878 by Joseph Marello . In 1999 their Shrine of Saint Joseph the Guardian of the Redeemer was named after the Apostolic exhortation Redemptoris Custos . In the Eastern Orthodox Church, during the feast day of Saint Joseph

4015-839: The predominantly Sicilian neighborhoods after World War II were Bensonhurst , Dyker Heights , and Gravesend , all in Brooklyn; in Chicago, "Little Sicily" was predominantly Sicilian, and in New Orleans, "Little Palermo ", the lower French Quarter , was mostly Sicilian. One of the earliest, and among the most controversial, figures in jazz was Nick LaRocca , who was of Sicilian heritage. Modern Sicilian-American jazz artists include Bobby Militello and Chuck Mangione . In 1892 Mother Cabrini arrived in New Orleans and opened an orphanage which became Cabrini High School in 1959. The Sicilian-American respect for San Giuseppe (Saint Joseph)

4088-413: The rebuilding. Specifically the large theatre in the city has been suggested, although this has aroused much controversy over dating and other issues. Other scholars see Joseph and Jesus as the general village craftsmen, working in wood, stone, and metal on a wide variety of jobs. The name "Joseph" is found almost exclusively in the genealogies and the infancy narratives. The canonical gospels created

4161-676: The requirement that the Messiah be born in Bethlehem with the tradition that Jesus in fact came from Nazareth . In Matthew, Joseph obeys the direction of an angel to marry Mary. Following the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem, Joseph is told by an angel in a dream to take the family to Egypt to escape the massacre of the children of Bethlehem planned by Herod, the ruler of the Roman province of Judea . Once Herod has died, an angel tells Joseph to return but to avoid Herod's son, and he takes his wife and

4234-412: The same reason he declared a Year of Saint Joseph , from 8 December 2020, to 8 December 2021. Pope Pius IX proclaimed Saint Joseph the patron of the Universal Church in 1870. Having died in the "arms of Jesus and Mary" according to Catholic tradition, he is considered the model of the pious believer who receives grace at the moment of death, in other words, the patron of a happy death. Saint Joseph

4307-534: The sons of Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Joseph; (2) sons of Mary, the wife of Clopas and sister of Mary the mother of Jesus; or (3) sons of Joseph by a former marriage. Modern positions on the question of the relationship between Joseph and the Virgin Mary vary. The Eastern Orthodox Church , which names Joseph's first wife as Salome , holds that Joseph was a widower and betrothed to Mary, and that references to Jesus' "brothers" were children of Joseph from

4380-982: The subsequent Immigration Act of 1924 sharply reduced immigration from Southern Europe except for relatives of immigrants already in the U.S. This period saw political and economic shifts in Sicily that made emigration desirable. There was also a large wave of immigration after World War II. A great portion of the Sicilian immigrants would settle in Middletown , New York City , New Jersey , New Haven , Buffalo , Rochester , Erie , Tampa , Pittsburgh , Chicago , Boston , Pittston , Johnston, Rhode Island , Detroit , Philadelphia , Los Angeles , San Francisco , New Orleans , Milwaukee , and Birmingham . In 2020, there were over 1 million Americans of Sicilian descent, while there were around 85,000 Sicilian-born in U.S.. Sicilian immigrants brought with them their own unique culture, including theatre and music. Giovanni De Rosalia

4453-544: The twelve-year-old Mary, who then lives in his household raising his youngest son James the Less (the supposed author of the Protoevangelium) until she is ready to be married at age 14½. Joseph's death aged 111, attended by angels and asserting the perpetual virginity of Mary , takes up approximately half the story. According to the bishop of Salamis, Epiphanius , in his work The Panarion (AD 374–375) Joseph became

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4526-409: The use of geologic , geophysical , and geochemical tools to search for anomalies, which can narrow the search area. The area to be prospected should be covered sufficiently to minimize the risk of missing something important, but it can take into account previous experience that certain geological evidence correlates with a very low probability of finding the desired minerals. Other evidence indicates

4599-668: The village, it is estimated that the population was at most about 400. It was, however, only about 6 kilometers from the city of Sepphoris , which was destroyed and depopulated by the Romans in 4 BC, and thereafter was expensively rebuilt. Analysis of the landscape and other evidence suggest that in Joseph's lifetime Nazareth was "oriented toward" the nearby city, which had an overwhelmingly Jewish population although with many signs of Hellenization , and historians have speculated that Joseph and later Jesus too might have traveled daily to work on

4672-478: The word "brother" as a generic term for one's fellow man. This custom has continued into modern times, with close friends, colleagues, and fellow churchgoers often called "brothers and sisters." Generally, most Protestants read "brothers and sisters" of Jesus as referring specifically to children born of Mary. The doctrine of the perpetual virginity of Mary means among other things that Joseph and Mary never had sexual relations. The term kiddushin , which refers to

4745-569: The world churches named after the saint may be known as those of San Giuseppe , e.g. San Giuseppe dei Teatini , San José , e.g. Metropolitan Cathedral of San José or São José , e.g. in Porto Alegre , Brazil. The Sisters of St. Joseph were founded as an order in 1650 and have about 14,013 members worldwide. In 1871, the Josephite Fathers of the Catholic Church were created under the patronage of Joseph, intending to work with

4818-469: Was a 1st-century Jewish man of Nazareth who, according to the canonical Gospels , was married to Mary, the mother of Jesus , and was the legal father of Jesus . Joseph is venerated as Saint Joseph in the Catholic Church , Eastern Orthodox Church , Oriental Orthodox Church , Anglicanism and Lutheranism . In Catholic traditions, Joseph is regarded as the patron saint of workers and

4891-421: Was a brother of Joseph and an uncle of Jesus." Epiphanius adds that Joseph and Cleopas were brothers, sons of "Jacob, surnamed Panther." Origen quotes the Greek philosopher and opponent of early Christianity Celsus (from his work On the True Doctrine , c. 178 AD) as controversially asserting that Joseph left Mary upon learning of her pregnancy: "...when she was pregnant she was turned out of doors by

4964-420: Was a carpenter. Because the feast occurs during Lent, traditionally no meat was allowed on the celebration table. The altar usually has three tiers, to represent the Trinity. In 1870, Pope Pius IX declared Joseph patron of the Universal Church and instituted another feast, a solemnity to be held on the third Sunday of Eastertide. Pope Pius X, in order to restore the celebration of Sundays, moved this feast to

5037-631: Was a noted Sicilian American playwright in the early period and farce was popular in several Sicilian dominated theatres. In music Sicilian Americans would be linked, to some extent, to jazz . Three of the more popular cities for Sicilian immigrants were New York City (especially Brooklyn), New Orleans and Chicago. The latter two cities were pivotal in the history of jazz. In New York City, the predominantly Sicilian neighborhoods prior to World War II were East Harlem and Elizabeth Street in Harlem and Little Italy , respectively, in Manhattan, Bushwick , Carroll Gardens and East Williamsburg in Brooklyn, and

5110-413: Was about thirty years old when he began his ministry. He was the son, so it was thought, of Joseph, the son of Heli,"; or alternatively punctuated: "(ὡς ἐνομ. τοῦ Ἰωσὴφ) τοῦ Ἡλί, ‘the son (as supposed of Joseph, but in reality) of Heli'". In Luke the tone of the contemporary people is positive, whereas in Mark and Matthew it is disparaging. This incident does not appear in John , but in a parallel story,

5183-409: Was considered wise and highly literate in the Torah. At the time of Joseph, Nazareth was an obscure village in Galilee , about 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the Holy City of Jerusalem , and is barely mentioned in surviving non-Christian texts and documents. Archaeology over most of the site is made impossible by subsequent building, but from what has been excavated and tombs in the area around

5256-548: Was partly driven by land routes outside of Europe becoming unsafe, and a desire for conquest, the 17th century also saw exploration driven by nobler motives, including scientific discovery and the expansion of knowledge about the world. This broader knowledge of the world's geography meant that people were able to make world maps , depicting all land known. The first modern atlas was the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum , published by Abraham Ortelius , which included

5329-428: Was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the mid-twentieth century that allowed physical extraterrestrial exploration to become a reality. Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, national prestige, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity, and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries. Urban exploration

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