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34-532: The academy's establishment may be viewed as a result of the incorporation of the Left-Bank Ukraine into Muscovy after the Treaty of Pereyaslav . Under Fyodor Rtishchev 's auspices, Epiphanius Slavinetsky and other learned monks moved from Kiev to Moscow and brought a taste for learning there. The Ukrainian and Polish influence was paramount at the court of Tsar Feodor III . In 1682, he signed

68-423: A 17th-century chapel over St. Paraskeva's well are still visible. In 1550s, a wooden palisade surrounding the cloister was replaced with 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long stone walls, featuring twelve towers, which helped the monastery to withstand a celebrated 16-month Polish-Lithuanian siege in 1608–1610. A shell-hole in the cathedral gates is preserved as a reminder of Wladyslaw IV 's abortive siege in 1618. By

102-762: A few students left. In September 1943, at the peak of the World War II , Soviet leader Joseph Stalin met three metropolitans ( Sergius , Alexis and Nicholas ) of the Russian Orthodox Church and established the new policy of cooperation with the Orthodox Church. He promised to formally recognize and reopen the Higher Theological School. The promised school was opened as the Theological Institute in

136-550: A location in Ukraine is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Ukrainian history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Troitse-Sergieva Lavra The Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius ( Russian : Троице-Сергиева лавра ) is a lavra and the most important Russian monastery , being the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church . The monastery

170-485: Is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (east) bank of the Dnieper River , comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv , Poltava and Sumy as well as the eastern parts of Kyiv and Cherkasy . Left-bank Ukraine is bordered by the historical regions of Right-bank Ukraine to the southwest, Zaporizhzhia to the southeast, Sloboda Ukraine to the east, and Polesia and White Ruthenia to

204-470: Is situated in the town of Sergiyev Posad , about 70 kilometres (43 mi) to the northeast from Moscow by the road leading to Yaroslavl , and currently is home to over 300 monks. The monastery was founded in 1337 by one of the most venerated Russian saints, Sergius of Radonezh , who built a wooden church in honour of the Holy Trinity on Makovets Hill. Early development of the monastic community

238-467: Is well documented in contemporary lives of Sergius and his disciples. In 1355, Sergius introduced a charter which required the construction of auxiliary buildings, such as refectory , kitchen , and bakery . This charter was a model for Sergius' numerous followers who founded more than 400 cloisters all over Russia, including the celebrated Solovetsky , Kirillov , and Simonov monasteries. St. Sergius supported Dmitri Donskoi in his struggle against

272-810: The Eternal Peace Treaty (1686) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Tsardom of Russia . Under Russian rule, the left-bank Ukraine initially enjoyed a degree of autonomy within the Tsardom (from 1721, Imperial Russia ) as the Cossack Hetmanate , which was slowly withdrawn throughout the eighteenth century when the Zaporizhian Sich was destroyed. 51°N 33°E  /  51°N 33°E  / 51; 33 This article about

306-648: The Novodevichy Convent on June 14, 1944. It was the first official theologian school allowed in the Soviet Union . The program was prepared by Gregory (Chukov) , Archbishop of Saratov and its first rector was S.V. Savinsky. In 1946 the Theological Institute was transformed into the Moscow Seminary and Moscow Theological Academy. In 1947 the academy gained the right to award theological degrees of Candidate, Doctor and Professor . In 1949

340-561: The Tatars and sent two of his monks, Peresvet and Oslyabya , to participate in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). At the outbreak of the battle, Peresvet died in a single combat against a Tatar bogatyr . The monastery was devastated by fire, when a Tatar unit raided the area in 1408. St. Sergius was declared patron saint of the Russian state in 1422. The same year the first stone cathedral

374-540: The journal on Russian Orthodoxy - Bogoslovsky vestnik (formerly edited by Gorsky-Platonov and Pavel Florensky ). The Bolsheviks closed the academy in Troitse-Sergieva Lavra in 1918. Some professors of the academy (including its former rector Archbishop Theodore (Pozdeevsky) , professors I.V. Popov and Pavel Florensky ) moved to the informal Higher Theological School in Moscow , but there were only

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408-749: The 1960s and 1970s. In 1993, the Trinity Lavra was inscribed on the UN World Heritage List . The Lavra has a number of representative churches ( podvorie or metochia ) in its vicinity and throughout Russia. The Lavra's hieromonks have manned a number of sketes at remote locations (such as the Anzer Island in the Solovki Archipelago in the White Sea), as well as Trinity Church on King George Island in

442-937: The Moscow Theological Academy was allowed to reclaim its original buildings at the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra, where they teach theological students to the present time. Most of the present bishops and theologians of Russian Orthodox Church have graduated from the academy. Departments, institutes and research centers as structural units and individual entities include: Training is conducted in more than 150 profiles and areas of B.A, M.A and additional vocational training. 55°45′23.8″N 37°37′16.8″E  /  55.756611°N 37.621333°E  / 55.756611; 37.621333 Left-Bank Ukraine Left-bank Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Лівобережна Україна , romanized :  Livoberezhna Ukrayina ; Russian : Левобережная Украина , romanized :  Levoberezhnaya Ukraina ; Polish : Lewobrzeżna Ukraina )

476-698: The Slavic Greek Latin Academy was transformed into the Ecclesiastical Academy (Theological Academy) and relocated to the Troitse-Sergieva Lavra . In the 19th century the academy continued as the principal theological school of the Russian Orthodox Church . Among its professors were the historian Vasily Klyuchevsky and the Christian philosopher Pavel Florensky. Since 1892 the academy has been publishing

510-558: The academic curriculum, such as law, ecclesiastic history, medicine , broadened selection of ancient and new European languages . Publishing activities were also revived, including popular books on Orthodox Christianity for children. In 1775, the Slavic Greek Latin Academy became the official name of the academy. It worked together with the Troitskaya theological seminary of the Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra . In 1814,

544-662: The academy's charter ( priviley ), which had been elaborated by Sylvester Medvedev . The academy was organized in 1685-1687 under the guidance of two Greek brothers Joannicus and Sophronius Likhud on the premises of the Zaikonospassky Monastery with over 70 students. The academy was placed under the care of the Patriarch Prikaz . The curriculum was divided into levels ("schools"), including Slavonic and Greek writing, seven liberal arts (septem artes liberales), and theology. The academy itself

578-662: The academy, invited the graduates of Lvov and Kiev seminaries (so-called "brotherhood schools"), familiar with educational practices of Western Europe , to teach at the Slavic Greek Latin Academy. After that, the Latin language became the principal teaching language of the establishment. The curriculum consisted of two major stages, including elementary stage (grammar, arithmetics , geography , history, languages, dogmatism or theology ) and highest stage (theory of poetry, rhetorics , philosophy , theology). The whole educational process lasted for 12 to 15 years. The education itself

612-757: The church during World War II , the Lavra was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. On April 16, 1946 divine service was renewed at the Assumption Cathedral. The lavra continued as the seat of the Moscow Patriarchate until 1983, when the patriarch was allowed to settle at the Danilov Monastery in Moscow. After that, the monastery continued as a prime centre of religious education. Important restoration works were conducted in

646-598: The church of the Holy Spirit. This structure is one of the few remaining examples of a Russian church topped with a belltower. The interior contains the earliest specimens of the use of glazed tiles for decoration. In the early 16th century, Vasily III added the Nikon annex and the Serapion tent, where several of Sergius' disciples were interred. It took 26 years to construct the six-pillared Assumption Cathedral, which

680-448: The end of the 17th century, when young Peter I twice found refuge within the monastery from his enemies, numerous buildings had been added. These include a small baroque palace of the patriarchs, noted for its luxurious interiors, and a royal palace, with its facades painted in checkerboard design. The refectory of St. Sergius, covering 510 square metres (5,500 sq ft) and also painted in dazzling checkerboard design, used to be

714-401: The hall was used to demonstrate the new radio technology before a mixed audience primarily composed of peasants and soldiers, but with some townspeople. The broadcast started with an announcement followed by music with a band from the Moscow cavalry playing Stenka Razin . Then the audience were treated to a short lecture on the benefits of chemical manure and machine ploughs. After a gypsy song

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748-591: The largest hall in Russia. The five-domed Church of John the Baptist's Nativity (1693–1699) was commissioned by the Stroganovs and built over one of the gates. Other 17th-century structures include the monks' cells, a hospital topped with a tented church, and a chapel built over a holy well discovered in 1644. In 1744, Empress Elizabeth conferred on the cloister the dignity of a Lavra . The metropolitan of Moscow

782-476: The monastery grew into one of the wealthiest landowners in Russia, the woods where it had stood were cleared and a village (or posad ) sprang up near the monastery walls. It gradually developed into the modern town of Sergiyev Posad. The cloister itself was a notable centre of chronicle-writing and icon painting. Just opposite the monastery walls St. Paraskeva's Convent was established, among whose buildings St. Paraskeva's Church (1547), Introduction Church (1547), and

816-619: The monastery maintained several sketes , one of which is a place of burial for the conservative philosophers Konstantin Leontiev and Vasily Rozanov . After the Russian Revolution of 1917 , the Soviet government closed the lavra in 1920. Its buildings were assigned to different civic institutions or declared museums. Part was used for training electrical engineers specialising in radio. In May 1923 Charles Ashleigh reported how

850-577: The north. Since the Middle Ages , the region formed part of the Khazar Khanate , Kievan Rus' , Mongol Empire , Golden Horde , Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland . The term appeared in 1663 with the election of Ivan Bryukhovetsky as the hetman of Ukraine in opposition to Pavlo Teteria . Bryukhovetsky was the first known "left-bank Ukraine" hetman over the area, that

884-467: The performance was brought to a conclusion with a talk about the wonders of radio. In 1930, monastery bells, including the Tsar-Bell of 65 tons, were destroyed. Pavel Florensky and his followers prevented the authorities from stealing and selling the sacristy collection but overall many valuables were lost or transferred to other collections. In 1945, following Joseph Stalin 's temporary tolerance of

918-513: Was built by a team of Serbian monks who had found refuge in the monastery after the Battle of Kosovo . The relics of St. Sergius still may be seen in this cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Trinity . The greatest icon painters of medieval Russia, Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chyorny , were summoned to decorate the cathedral with frescoes . Traditionally, Muscovite royals were baptized in this cathedral and held thanksgiving services here. In 1476, Ivan III invited several Pskovian masters to build

952-575: Was commissioned by Ivan the Terrible in 1559. The cathedral is much larger than its model and namesake in the Moscow Kremlin . The magnificent iconostasis of the 16th–18th centuries features Simon Ushakov 's masterpiece, the icon of Last Supper . The interior walls were painted with violet and blue frescoes by a team of Yaroslavl masters in 1684. The vault contains burials of Boris Godunov , his family and several 20th-century patriarchs. As

986-625: Was henceforth also the Archimandrite of the Lavra. Elizabeth particularly favoured the Trinity and annually proceeded afoot from Moscow to the cloister. Her secret spouse Alexey Razumovsky accompanied her on such journeys and commissioned a baroque church to the Virgin of Smolensk, the last major shrine to be erected in the Lavra. Another pledge of Elizabeth's affection for the monastery is a white-and-blue baroque belltower, which, at 88 meters,

1020-565: Was named the "Greek Latin School", or "Spassky schools" (Спасские школы). After the dismissal of the Likhud brothers in nd Nikolay Semyonov (Golovin) became teachers at the academy. By the beginning of the 18th century, there had been more than 200 students at the Slavic Greek Latin Academy. In 1701, Peter the Great turned it into a state academy. A celibate priest Palladius (Rogovsky), president of

1054-470: Was one of the tallest structures built in Russia up to that date. Its architects were Ivan Michurin and Dmitry Ukhtomsky . Throughout the 19th century, the Lavra maintained its status as the richest Russian monastery. A seminary founded in 1742 was replaced by an ecclesiastical academy in 1814. The monastery boasted a supreme collection of manuscripts and books. Medieval collections of the Lavra sacristy attracted thousands of visitors. In Sergiyev Posad,

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1088-484: Was similar to that of Western European universities. The Slavic Greek Latin Academy produced not only theologians, but specialists for civil service , as well, such as medical professionals and translators. During the reign of Peter the Great , the academy began to gradually turn into a higher theological educational establishment, as opposed to many new secular professional schools. In 1721, the Slavic Greek Latin Academy

1122-481: Was transferred under the care of the Holy Synod . Throughout the first half of the 18th century, among its graduates were the first Russian academicians Mikhail Lomonosov and Vasily Trediakovsky , poet Antioch Kantemir , architect Vasili Bazhenov , geographer Stepan Krasheninnikov , chemist Dmitry Vinogradov . When Platon II was elected Metropolitan of Moscow (1775), new disciplines were introduced into

1156-422: Was under the Russian influence. Up until the mid-17th century, the area had belonged to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . The Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1654 saw the region tentatively come under Russian control, when local Cossack leaders swore allegiance to the Russian monarchy in exchange for military protection. Russian sovereignty over the area was later reaffirmed in the Treaty of Andrusovo (1667), and

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