Sumilao , officially the Municipality of Sumilao ( Bukid and Higaonon : Banuwa ta Sumilao ; Cebuano : Lungsod sa Sumilao ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Sumilao ), is a 4th class municipality in the province of Bukidnon , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 29,531 people.
101-527: The word “Sumilao” came from a Bukidnon phrase " Kon sumilaw da ”, which means “When light comes again.” A story has been told that there lived a man named Walu who possessed supernatural powers. Many believed that he lives somewhere in Kilabong, a place near Palaopao Hill. Time came when seven “baylan” (spiritual leaders who possessed special powers), who were living at the plain below, fabricated degrading stories against Walu. This angered him. Standing on
202-593: A Cebuano word was a bit ironic but they deemed it appropriate as the Lumad tribes do not have any other common language except Cebuano. This marked the first time that these tribes had agreed to a common name for themselves, distinct from that of other Mindanao native groups: the Muslim Moro peoples of southwestern Mindanao; and the sea-faring Visayans of coastal areas in northern and eastern Mindanao ( Butuanon , Surigaonon , and Kagay-anon , collectively known as
303-779: A baylan whose ordination is voluntary and may come from any sex. The Bukidnons have rich musical and oral traditions which are celebrated annually in Malaybalay city's Kaamulan Festival , with other tribes in Bukidnon (the Manobo tribes, the Higaonon, Matigsalug, Talaandig, Umayamnom, and the Tigwahanon). The Bukidnon Lumad is distinct from and should not be confused with the Visayan Suludnon people of Panay and
404-432: A "stone age" level of technology and had been completely isolated from the rest of Philippine society. They later attracted attention in the 1980s when it was reported that their discovery had in fact been an elaborate hoax , and doubt was raised both about their status as isolated from other societies and even about the reality of their existence as a separate ethnic group. The question of whether Tasaday studies published in
505-582: A 360-room hotel, restaurant, housing projects, inter alia. Then Atty. Leni Robredo lawyered for the Sumilao farmers and pushed for their rights against corporate greed. On December 17, 2007, the government revoked the conversion order on the disputed 144-hectare lot in Sumilao, resulting to the return of the land ownership to the 55 members of the Higaonon tribe farmers who marched 1,700 kilometers for 2 months from Mindanao to Metro Manila. The order reads: “Wherefore premises considered and as recommended by DAR,
606-547: A cease-and-desist order (CDO) on the contested 144-hectare property in Barangay (village) San Vicente, Sumilao which San Miguel Foods Inc. (SMFI) converted into a hog farm. The Supreme Court of the Philippines had earlier dismissed the farmers' rights lack of legal standing. Farmer Tuminhay stated that: “Our titles were cancelled because Norberto Quisumbing was allowed to convert his land on condition that he would implement
707-494: A collection of spirits, governed by the supreme deity Magbabaya , although it appears that their contact with monotheist communities and populations has made a considerable impact on the Mamanwa's religious practices. The tribe produces winnowing baskets, rattan hammocks, and other household containers. Mamanwa (also spelled Mamanoa ) means 'first forest dwellers', from the words man (first) and banwa (forest). They speak
808-567: A council of elders ( magani ), and mabalian or female shamans. The supreme spirit in their indigenous anito religions is Eugpamolak Manobo or Manama. The Blaan is an indigenous group that is concentrated in Davao del Sur and South Cotabato . They practice indigenous rituals while adapting to the way of life of modern Filipinos. The Bukidnon are one of the seven tribes in the Bukidnon plateau of Mindanao . Bukidnon means 'that of
909-479: A density of 160 people/km. The density appears very good and ideal noting the density against the census of 10,000 people/km. Poverty incidence of Sumilao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Sumilao is basically an agriculture-based community where most of the populace are dependents on agriculture as its main economic activity and as source of main income. Ordinary farmers are planting rice, corn and vegetables both traditional and high value crops while
1010-475: A drone without any accompanying melodic instrument. Lumad groups also have traditional stringed instruments, such as the hegalong , and various forms of wind and percussive instruments. Traditional vocal music include love songs, lullabies, funeral songs, narrative songs, and songs about nature. Music may be used to accompany dances in rituals and celebrations. Lumad peoples confront a variety of social issues. Identical with other Indigenous peoples (IPs) across
1111-568: A few indigenous peoples scattered in the Visayas area who are also alternatively referred to as "Bukidnon" (also meaning "highland people"). The Higaonon are mainly located in the entire province of Misamis Oriental as well as northern parts of Bukidnon , western parts of Agusan del Norte , western parts of Agusan del Sur , Camiguin (used to be Kamiguing), Rogongon in Iligan City , and eastern parts of Lanao del Norte . The Higaonons have
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#17327840318921212-504: A five-year development plan. Since he did not implement the plan, it is only proper that DAR renew the CARP process and give us back our titles.” Quisumbing's development plan for the property included the establishment of a development academy, a cultural center, an institute for livelihood science, a museum, library, golf course, a sports development complex, an agro-industrial park, forest development and support facilities, and construction of
1313-749: A municipal mayor for four terms. He acquired his primary education in his native town Talibon, then took his secondary education in Cebu Provincial High School , now Abellana National School, both at the top of his class. Initially, he pursued his college education at Silliman University in Dumaguete , Negros Oriental , and later studied at the Philippine Law School , then the College of Law of National University , where he earned his law degree in 1923 and later, where he
1414-417: A part of Davao del Norte Province). Manobo is the hispanicized spelling of the endonym Manuvu (also spelled Menuvu or Minuvu). Its etymology is unclear; in its current form, it means "person" or "people". It is believed that it is derived from the root word tuvu, which means "to grow"/"growth" (thus Man[t]uvu would be "[native]-grown" or "aboriginal"). The Manobo are considered the most diverse among
1515-416: A rather traditional way of living. Farming is their most important economic activity. The word Higaonon is derived from the word "higa" in the Higaonon dialect, which means coastal plains, and "gaon" meaning ascend to the mountains. Taken together, Higaonon, means the people of the coastal plains that ascended to the mountains. Higaonons were formerly coastal people of the provinces, as mentioned, who resisted
1616-530: A result, a substantial proportion of their diet includes starch-dense domesticated foods. The extent to which agricultural products are bought or exchanged varies in each Mamanwa settlement with some individuals continuing to farm and produce their own domesticated foods while others rely on purchasing food from market centers. The Mamanwa have been exposed to many of the modernities mainstream agricultural populations possess and use, such as cell phones, televisions, radio, and processed foods. The political system of
1717-480: A satellite barangay for other rural barangays. In the 2020 census, the population of Sumilao, Bukidnon, was 29,531 people, with a density of 150 inhabitants per square kilometre or 390 inhabitants per square mile. Sumilao had the lowest population in the census year 1990 and second lowest in 1995, among the 21 municipalities. However, as for population growth, it ranks the highest percent increase of 18.90% with an increase population of 2,146 between 1990 and 1995. On
1818-622: A separate ethnic grouping," as in the case of the Bagobo or the Higaonon. Part of what makes the classification more difficult is that a dialectical subgroup's membership within a supergroup can shift depending on specific points of view regarding linguistics. The Manobo possess Denisovan admixture, much like the Mamanwa. Manobos also hold Austroasiatic ancestry. The term "Mansaka" derives from "man" with literal meaning "first" and "saka" meaning "to ascend", and means "the first people to ascend mountains/upstream". The term most likely describes
1919-646: A source of income for the populace. Small cottage industries like broom making made of guiyong, ceramics and pot made of clay and hollow blocks making are gaining headway in the area. Health as a devolved function, the Municipal Government through the Local Health Board and the Municipal Health Office, has given priority on health related programs. Crude birth rates and crude death rates are maintained and improved through
2020-820: A variety of deities, namely: The Kalagan, also spelled K'lagan or (by the Spanish) Caragan, are a subgroup of the Mandaya-Mansaka people who speak the Kalagan language . They comprise three subgroups which are usually treated as different tribes: the Tagakaulo, the Kagan, and the Kallao people of Samal . They are native to areas within Davao del Sur , Compostela Valley , Davao del Norte (including Samal Island), Davao Oriental , and North Cotabato ; between
2121-839: Is because unlike the Lumad, the Moros converted to Islam during the 14th to 15th centuries. This can be confusing since the word lumad literally means "native" in Bisayan languages . The Bagobo are one of the largest subgroups of the Manobo peoples. They comprise three subgroups: the Tagabawa, the Klata (or Guiangan), and the Ovu (also spelled Uvu or Ubo) peoples. The Bagobo were formerly nomadic and farmed through kaingin " slash-and-burn " methods. Their territory extends from Davao Gulf to Mount Apo . They are traditionally ruled by chieftains ( matanum ),
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#17327840318922222-413: Is being given to Filipino artists, scientists, historians, and writers. At the end of his second term, he ran for re–election in the presidential elections of November 14, 1961 , but was defeated by Vice President Diosdado Macapagal , who belonged to the rival Liberal Party . After his failed re-election bid, Garcia retired to Tagbilaran to resume life as a private citizen. On June 1, 1971, Garcia
2323-471: Is equivalent in size of the original property they sought for. Sumilao is one of the 20 municipalities of Bukidnon. It is located between latitudes 8 degrees, 11 seconds and 8 degrees, 12 seconds North and longitudes 124 degrees, 52 seconds and 125 degrees and 2 seconds East. It is bounded in the east by the Municipality of Impasugong , in the south by the municipalities of Baungon and Libona and in
2424-449: Is located falls under the third or intermediate A type. Under this type, seasons are not very pronounced; relatively dry from November to April and wet for the rest of the year, maximum rain period is not very pronounced. Specifically, the climate in the southern part of the municipality is relatively cool and humid throughout the year. These areas are along the foot of the Mt. Kitanglad while in
2525-518: Is not known, although they occupy core areas from Sarangani island into the Mindanao mainland in the regions of Agusan , Davao, Bukidnon, Surigao, Misamis, and Cotabato . A study by the NCCP-PACT put their population in 1988 at around 250,000. The geographical distribution of the subgroups is so great that some of the local groups have been noted to "assumed the character of distinctiveness as
2626-468: Is politically subdivided into ten (10) barangays , six of which are traversed by the Kulaman River that separate them from the other four barangays. The ten barangays are Kisolon, Kulasi, Licoan, Lupiagan, Occasion, Poblacion, Puntian, San Roque, San Vicente and Vista Villa. Unlike any other municipalities, the seat of government in Sumilao is located at barangay Kisolon; Barangay Poblacion serves as
2727-695: Is the language used by the Bagobo-Tagabawa. They are an indigenous tribe in Mindanao. They live in the surrounding areas of Mt. Apo . Tagakaulo is one of the tribes in Mindanao . Their traditional territories is in Davao del Sur and the Sarangani Province particularly in the localities of Malalag, Lais, Talaguton Rivers, Sta. Maria, and Malita of Davao Occidental, and Malungon of the Sarangani Province. Tagakaulo means "from
2828-734: The Agta , Ati , and Aeta tribes in the Philippines) are a continued topic of debate, with recent evidence suggesting that the phenotype convergently evolved in several areas of southeast Asia. However, recent genomic evidence suggests that the Mamanwa were one of the first populations to leave Africa along with peoples in New Guinea and Australia, and that they diverged from a common origin about 36,000 years ago. Currently, Mamanwa populations live in sedentary settlements ("barangays") that are close to agricultural peoples and market centers. As
2929-520: The Butuanons and Surigaonons , even though these two groups are also native to Mindanao. This is due to their Visayan ethnicity and lack of close affinity with the Lumad. The Moros like the Maguindanaon , Maranao , Tausūg , Sama-Bajau , Yakan , etc. are also excluded, despite being also native to Mindanao and despite some groups being closely related ethnolinguistically to the Lumad. This
3030-653: The Congress of the Philippines , finally, approved a bill outlawing the Philippine Communist Party . Despite the pressure exerted against the congressional measure, Garcia signed the aforementioned bill into law as Republic Act No. 1700 or the Anti-Subversion Act on June 19, 1957. The act was superseded by Presidential Decree No. 885, entitled "Outlawing Subversive Organization, Penalizing Membership Therein and For Other Purposes", and
3131-874: The Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation "to establish a rice research institute" in Los Baños, Laguna . This led to the establishment of the International Rice Research Institute in 1960. In addition to his laws and programs, the Garcia administration also put emphasis on reviving the Filipino culture. In doing so, the Republic Cultural Award was created. To this day, the award
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3232-735: The Independence Grandstand in Manila , commencing his second consecutive and only full term. The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines Ricardo Paras . Juan Pajo, the then- governor of Bohol , held the Bible which Garcia took oath on, breaking the tradition wherein it is held by presidential spouses. After much discussion, both official and public,
3333-538: The Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II . He assumed the office when Congress re-convened in 1945 after Allied liberation and the end of the war. When he resumed duties as senator after the war, he was chosen Senate majority floor leader. The press consistently voted him as one of the most outstanding senators. Simultaneously, he occupied a position in the Nacionalista Party. Garcia
3434-710: The Mamanwa language (or Minamanwa). They are genetically related to the Denisovans . "Mandaya" derives from "man" meaning "first", and "daya" meaning "upstream" or "upper portion of a river", and therefore means "the first people upstream". It refers to a number of groups found along the mountain ranges of Davao Oriental, as well as to their customs, language, and beliefs. The Mandaya are also found in Compostela and New Bataan in Compostela Valley (formerly
3535-672: The Sama-Bajau ) were separated when borders were drawn between the Philippines and Indonesia during the colonial era . The Sangil people are traditionally animistic, much like other Lumad peoples. During the colonial era, the Sangil (who usually call themselves "Sangir") in the Sangihe Islands mostly converted to Protestant Christianity due to proximity and contact with the Christian Minahasa people of Sulawesi . In
3636-570: The Supreme Court administered the oath of office , which took place at 5:56 PM PHT on March 18, 1957. President Garcia's first actions were to declare a period of national mourning and to preside over the burial ceremonies for Magsaysay. President Garcia won a full term as president with a landslide win in the national elections of November 12, 1957 . Garcia, the Nacionalista candidate, garnered around 2.07 million votes or 41% of
3737-592: The Umayam River watershed and the headwaters of the Pulangi River . They are a subgroup of the Manobo. The Lumad peoples speak Philippine languages belonging to various branches. These include: Most of the Mindanao Lumad groups have a musical heritage consisting of various types of agung ensembles – ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed gongs which act as
3838-761: The "Dumagat" or "Sea People" by the Lumad). All of which, in turn are distinct from the (mostly Visayan) migrant majority of modern Mindanao. On 2 March 2021, the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples issued a resolution denouncing the use of the term lumad when referring to Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICC) and Indigenous Peoples (IPs). The resolution stated that elders, leaders, and members of different ICCs and IPs in Mindanao requested that they not be called "lumad", and instead want to be referred to by their respective ethnolinguistic group names. However, anthropologists and historians pointed out errors in
3939-661: The Buluan Lake in the Cotabato Basin or in Agusan del Norte. The T'boli, then, reside on the mountain slopes on either side of the upper Allah Valley and the coastal area of Maitum, Maasim, and Kiamba. In former times, the T'boli also inhabited the upper Allah Valley floor. The Tigwahonon are a subgroup of Manobo originally from the Tigwa River basin near San Fernando, Bukidnon . The Umayamnon are originally from
4040-599: The DOH representative, public health nurse, rural sanitary inspector and midwives with the Barangay Health Workers and trained hilots as extension workers. The functions of the OIC of the said office are only focused on signing Daily Time Records, payrolls, communication representing head of office and other administrative functions but not on signing death certificates, medico legal and all claims which are referred to
4141-611: The Guadalupe Formation Center, Balindog, Kidapawan , Cotabato . Usage of the term was accepted in Philippine jurisprudence when President Corazon Aquino signed into law Republic Act 6734 , where the word was used in Art. XIII sec. 8(2) to distinguish Lumad ethnic communities from the islands of Mindanao . Mindanao is home to a substantial part of the country's indigenous population, comprising around 15% of
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4242-573: The Japanese stragglers who were still roaming in the vicinity of Poblacion, Sumilao. Kisolon which was then a part of Impasugong , was formerly a ranch owned by a certain Guingona. When Mr. Juan Sumbalan died in 1945, Mr. Restituto Parista was appointed to the vacated position. In 1953, Mr, Martin Langue replaced Mr. Parista. However, he did not stay long for on that same year, Mr. Candido G. Sumbalan
4343-420: The Mamanwa is informally democratic and age-structured. Elders are respected and expected to maintain peace and order within the tribe. The chieftain, called a Tambayon , usually takes on the duties of counseling tribal members, speaking at gatherings, and arbitrating disagreements. The chieftain may be a man or a woman, which is characteristic of other gender-egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies. They believe in
4444-484: The Mamanwas are phenotypically distinct from the lowlanders and the upland Manobos, exhibiting curly hair and much darker skin tones. They are traditionally hunter-gatherers and consume a wide variety of wild plants, herbs, insects, and animals from tropical rainforests . The Mamanwa are categorized as having the "negrito" phenotype : dark skin, kinky hair, and short stature. The origins of this phenotype (found in
4545-519: The Manobo groups from Surigao del Norte . The Mamanwa are a Negrito tribe often grouped together with the Lumad. They come from Leyte , Agusan del Norte , and Surigao provinces in Mindanao; primarily in Kitcharao and Santiago , Agusan del Norte, though they are lesser in number and more scattered and nomadic than the Manobos and Mandaya tribes who also inhabit the region. Like all Negritos,
4646-642: The Manobo into several major groups: (1) The Ata subgroup: Dugbatang, Talaingod, and Tagauanum; (2) The Bagobo subgroup: Attaw (Jangan, Klata, Obo, Giangan, Guiangan), Eto (Ata), Kailawan (Kaylawan), Langilan, Manuvu/Obo, Matigsalug, (Matigsaug, Matig Salug), Tagaluro, and Tigdapaya; (3) The Higaonon subgroup: Agusan, Lanao, and Misamis; (4) North Cotabato: Ilianen, Livunganen, and Pulenyan; (5) South Cotabato: Cotabato (with subgroup Tasaday and Blit), Sarangani, Tagabawa; (6) Western Bukidnon: Kiriyeteka, Ilentungen, and Pulangiyen; (7) Agusan del Sur; (8) Banwaon; and (9) Bukidnon and others. The total current Manobo population
4747-566: The National Sayre Highway , which traverses the municipality's area. Sumilao has an aggregate land area of is 207.49 km representing 2.4% of the total land area of the province. Its participation in the region is 0.7212. Of the ten barangays, Lupiagan has the largest area accounting to about 29.18% of the total land area. San Vicente is the smallest with 8.54 km or 4.14% of the total land area. The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) data revealed that
4848-435: The Philippine population. The name Lumad grew out of the political awakening among tribes during the martial law regime of President Ferdinand Marcos . It was advocated and propagated by the members and affiliates of Lumad-Mindanao, a coalition of all-Lumad local and regional organizations that formalized themselves as such in June 1986 but started in 1983 as a multi-sectoral organization. Lumad-Mindanao's main objective
4949-400: The Philippines is unknown but is estimated to be around 10,000 people. The Subanons are the first settlers of the Zamboanga peninsula. The family is patriarchal while the village is led by a chief called a Timuay. He acts as the village judge and is concerned with all communal matters. History has better words to speak for Misamis Occidental. Its principal city was originally populated by
5050-403: The Philippines, most Sangil converted to Islam due to the influence of the neighboring Sultanate of Maguindanao . However, elements of animistic rituals still remain. The Indonesian and Filipino groups still maintain ties and both Manado Malay and Cebuano are spoken in both Indonesian Sangir and Filipino Sangil, in addition to the Sangirese language . The exact population of Sangil people in
5151-425: The Poblacion and Kisolon. Sumilao is approximately 62 kilometers from Cagayan de Oro and 29 kilometers from the provincial capital, the City of Malaybalay. It is situated between the two growth centers of the province, Manolo Fortich and the City of Malaybalay . It is accessible by land transportation and vehicles plying the Cagayan de Oro and Malaybalay/Valencia routes passing through the eight kilometer stretch of
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#17327840318925252-429: The Provincial Health Office in Malaybalay City. Lumad The Lumad are a group of Austronesian indigenous peoples in the southern Philippines . It is a Cebuano term meaning "native" or "indigenous". The term is short for Katawhang Lumad (Literally: "indigenous people"), the autonym officially adopted by the delegates of the Lumad Mindanao Peoples Federation (LMPF) founding assembly on 26 June 1986 at
5353-398: The Rancheria de Sumilao. In January 1890, Sumilao was created into the first active mission station in Bukidnon, thus making her the nucleus of the Roman Catholic faith in the province. Mission de Sumilao assumed jurisdiction over the rancherias of Tagoloan up to Bugcaon, formerly all under the parish of Tagoloan. Sumilao was now under the Residencia de Balingasag . The name rancheria
5454-518: The Salug River (now called the Davao River )". Although often classified under the Manobo ethnolinguistic group, the Matigsalug are a distinct subgroup. The Sangil people (also called Sangir, Sangu, Marore, Sangirezen, or Talaoerezen) are originally from the Sangihe and Talaud Islands (now part of Indonesia ) and parts of Davao Occidental (particularly in the Sarangani Islands ), Davao del Norte , Davao del Sur , Sultan Kudarat , South Cotabato , and North Cotabato . Their populations (much like
5555-417: The Spanish colonizations, the local datu were appointed to political positions by the missionary priests. These political leaders were under the administrative control of the higher authorities who are stationed at Misamis Oriental . Some of these local leaders were Capitanes Dalahigon, Alejo Yansao – alis Mandita, Akuman and Tao. In 1907, the American took over the administration of Bukidnon. The town's chief
5656-428: The Spanish occupation and later avoided contact with southward migrants from Luzon and Visayas during the late Spanish colonial period and since American colonial and postwar eras seeking better economics opportunities awaiting them in Higaonon homelands. Driven to the hills and mountains, these people continued to exist and fought for the preservation of their people, heritage, and culture. The Higaonon people believe in
5757-427: The Subanon, a cultural group that once roamed the seas in great number; the province was an easy prey to the marauding sea pirates of Lanao whose habit was to stage lightning forays along the coastal areas in search of slaves. As the Subanon retreated deeper and deeper into the interior, the coastal areas became home to inhabitants from Bukidnon who were steadily followed by settlers from nearby Cebu and Bohol. Tagabawa
5858-413: The affairs of their respective municipalities. Population conducted during the period of 1918-1948 showed that Sumilao has the lowest number of inhabitants compared to the other municipal districts. It has only one barangay in the 1900s (Barangay Puntian). Sumilao became a regular municipality on July 1, 1956, pursuant to Executive Order No. 272 signed by the President Carlos P. Garcia . The following were
5959-447: The beginning of the 20th century, the Lumad controlled an area that now covers 17 of Mindanao's 24 provinces, but by the 1980 census, they constituted less than 6% of the population of Mindanao and Sulu . Significant migration to Mindanao of Visayans , spurred by government-sponsored resettlement programs, turned the Lumad into minorities. The Bukidnon province population grew from 63,470 in 1948 to 194,368 in 1960 and 414,762 in 1970, with
6060-417: The castles of our racial hopes, dreams and traditions and where we establish the warehouse of our happiness and prosperity, of our joys and sorrows. In the face of the trying conditions in the country, Garcia initiated what has been called "The Austerity Program". His administration was characterized by its austerity program and its insistence on a comprehensive nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed
6161-499: The census conducted by the Philippine Statistics Authority on the year 2000, the population of Sumilao increased to 17,958 brought about by in-migration of agro-industrial workers from the neighboring towns of Manolo Fortich, Impasugong, Malaybalay City and from the provinces of Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Camiguin, Bohol and other places in Luzon. The urban barangay of Kisolon and the two urbanizable barangays of San Vicente and Poblacion and one rural barangay of Vista Villa have
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#17327840318926262-767: The commission's resolution, particularly with regard to the origin and usage of the term Lumad. Scholars and Lumad leaders stated that the resolution stems from a lack of historical awareness and the commission's ignorance of Lumad struggles in Mindanao. The Lumad include groups such as the Erumanen ne Menuvu', Matidsalug Manobo, Agusanon Manobo, Dulangan Manobo, Dabaw Manobo, Ata Manobo, B'laan, Kaulo, Banwaon, Bukidnon, Teduray, Lambangian, Higaunon, Dibabawon, Mangguwangan, Mansaka, Mandaya, K'lagan, Subanen , Tasaday , Tboli , Mamanuwa, Tagakaolo, Talaandig, Tagabawa, Ubu', Tinenanen, Kuwemanen, K'lata and Diyangan. Considered as "vulnerable groups", they live in hinterlands , forests, lowlands, and coastal areas. The term lumad excludes
6363-483: The constitutional right to form associations. On September 22, 1992, Republic Act No. 1700, as amended, was repealed by Republic Act No. 7636 during the administration of Fidel V. Ramos , which legalized the Communist Party of the Philippines , other underground movements and subversion , though sedition remained a crime. Garcia exercised the Filipino First Policy , for which he was known. This policy heavily favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors. He
6464-426: The elected and appointed officials of the municipality from its establishment up to the present. On December 3, 2007, 55 farmers of the Higaonon tribe from Sumilao arrived in Metro Manila , 2 months after their march through 13 provinces from Mindanao to ask the government to stop the conversion of the land they are claiming into a hog farm . They farmers petitioned the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) to issue
6565-792: The globe, the IPs in the Philippines represent the country's poorest sector who endure disproportionate access to healthcare, education, and human rights. There are claims that Lumad social issues arise from ethnic grievances that develop into an issue of economic greed. They face loss of ancestral lands due to land grabbing or militarization, economic and social exclusion , and threats to their traditional culture and identity. Lumad groups contend with displacement, extrajudicial killings , harassment of Lumad rights defenders, and forced closure of Lumad schools. Lumads face loss of ancestral lands due to land grabbing or militarization. Some communities have been forced out of their lands for resisting encroachment by mining, logging, and energy companies. At
6666-542: The head(waters)". The Tagakaulo tribe originally came from the western shores of the Gulf of Davao and south of Mt. Apo . a long time ago. Talaandig are originally from the foothills of Mount Kitanglad in Bukidnon , specifically in the municipalities of Talakag and Lantapan . The Tasaday is a group of about two dozen people living within the deep and mountainous rainforests of Mindanao, who attracted wide media attention in 1971 when they were first "discovered" by western scientists who reported that they were living at
6767-417: The hill, he shouted at the top of his voice and pointed to the seven men rebuking them for their evil intentions. At this instant, bright, glaring light emitted from the tip of the pointing finger and the seven “baylan” were blinded. It was said that their eyesight will be restored when the same light will come again. Oral history from the town's old-time residents stated that before the Spanish colonization,
6868-447: The implementation of programs and projects of health. The Municipal Health Office of Sumilao was renovated and a Philhealth station was constructed adjacent to it staffed by the personnel from the Provincial Government under the Provincial Indigency Health Program of Jose Ma. R. Zubiri Jr. The Municipal Health Office is staffed by the designated Officer-in-Charge who is at the same time its medical technologist, including other personnel like
6969-414: The indigenous peoples of South Mindanao. From the body of ethnographic and linguistic literature on Mindanao, they are variously known as Tboli, Teboli, Tau Bilil, Tau Bulul or Tagabilil. They self-identify as T'boli. Their whereabouts and identity are to some extent confused in the literature; some publications present the Teboli and the Tagabilil as distinct peoples; some locate the Tbolis to the vicinity of
7070-461: The information on Sumilao's total land area which is 207.49 km can be classified as: 155.92 km are considered alienable and disposable and 51.57 km of which are forestal/timberland. Generally, Sumilao's physical configuration is characterized by extreme features. From the south to the central portion moving towards the north and north-western areas are mountain ranges, canyons, and high relief topography, including part of Mt. Kitanglad ,
7171-415: The large corporations, the DOLE Philippines-Skyland Division and the De Monte Philippines, Inc. are engaged in planting commercial crops of sweet lakatan variety banana and pineapple. There is also an influx of agro-industrial establishment in the area, the piggery and breeder farms but required a minimal employment only. The municipality boost of its natural and man-made attractions which when developed can be
7272-452: The many indigenous peoples of the Philippines , with the largest number of subgroups within its family of languages. The Philippines' National Commission on Culture and the Arts has been able to develop a tentative classification of Manobo subgroups, but notes that "the various subgroupings are not sufficiently defined" as of the time the classification was developed. The classification divides
7373-421: The mountains engage in dry field agriculture, supplemented by hunting and the gathering of forest products. Tedurays are famous for their craftsmanship in weaving baskets with two-toned geometric designs. While many have adopted the cultures of neighboring Muslims and Christians people, a high percentage of their population still believe and practice their indigenous customs and rituals. The Tboli are one of
7474-560: The mountains or highlands' (i.e., 'people of the mountains or highlands'), despite the fact that most Bukidnon tribes settle in the lowlands. The name Bukidnon itself used to describe the entire province in a different context (it means 'mountainous lands' in this case) or could also be the collective name of the permanent residents in the province regardless of ethnicity. The Bukidnon people believe in one god, Magbabaya (Ruler of All), though there are several minor gods and goddesses that they worship as well. Religious rites are presided by
7575-786: The natives were defeated due to the inferiority of their weapons. So they laid down their arms and accepted the new ruler. They were baptized to the Christian religion. In the 1860s, the Recollect missionaries were already making visits to Sumilao. When the Jesuit priests took over the missionary work in Bukidnon in the 1870s, Sumilao was already one of the rancherias of the Visita of Tagoloan . Regular missionary trips to Sumilao and Linabo were intensified by Fathers Juan Terricarbas and Eusebio Barrado. By 1887, there were 200 Christian residents of
7676-480: The need for complete economic freedom and added that the government no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests (especially American) in the national economy. He promised to shake off "the yoke of alien domination in business, trade, commerce and industry". Garcia was also credited with his role in reviving Filipino cultural arts. The main points of the Austerity Program were: The program
7777-400: The nickname "Prince of Visayan Poets" and the "Bard from Bohol." Garcia entered politics in 1925, scoring an impressive victory to become representative of the third district of Bohol . He was elected for another term in 1928 and served until 1931. He was elected governor of Bohol in 1933, but served only until 1941 when he successfully ran for Senate , but he was unable to serve due to
7878-417: The north by the Municipality of Manolo Fortich . It is particularly bounded in the east by the town of Impasugong, south by Lantapan and Talakag, west and north by Manolo Fortich. Ten barangays comprise the municipality with Kisolon as the seat of government. It occupies an aggregate land area of 20, 445 hectares. Sumilao is traversed by the deep Kulaman Canyon which physically separates six barangays from
7979-567: The northern areas, rainfall is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Most often in these areas, heavy downpour occurs every afternoon while in the morning the sun shines. The average heaviest rainfall for the past five years occurs in June with 431.7 millimeters and the lowest in March with only 89.2 millimeters. Sumilao is politically subdivided into 10 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . Sumilao
8080-735: The origin of these people who are found today in Davao del Norte and Davao de Oro and some parts of Davao Oriental, specifically in the Batoto River, the Manat Valley, Caragan, Maragusan , the Hijo River Valley, and the seacoasts of Kingking, Maco, Kwambog, Hijo, Tagum, Libuganon, Tuganay, Ising, and Panabo. Bukidnon groups are found in the Valley in Kitaotao in Bukidnon province, Philippines. Their name means "people along
8181-407: The petition for cancellation and/or revocation of the conversion order covering 144 hectares of land…is hereby granted.” San Miguel Foods as landowner must be paid the current value of the property before the land can be distributed to the farmers. In March 2008, San Miguel and the Sumilao farmers signed a deal returning 50 hectares to the farmers. The farmers will get a total of 144 hectares, which
8282-555: The present site of the Poblacion was already inhabited. Four big buildings housing several families were already constructed. These families were directly controlled by a settlement datu or chief. They have grouped together to protect themselves from the fierce “mangangayaw” or headhunters from the hills. When the Spaniards came, Datu Manlomero and Opecio, with their men, fought against the invading conquistadores . Unfortunately,
8383-483: The presidency. He won a full term in the 1957 presidential election . He ran for a second full term as president in the 1961 presidential election and was defeated by Vice President Diosdado Macapagal . Garcia was born in Talibon, Bohol , Philippines on November 4, 1896, to Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polestico, who were both natives of Bangued , Abra . Garcia grew up with politics, with his father serving as
8484-403: The proportion of indigenous Bukidnons falling from 64% to 33% to 14%. Carlos P. Garcia Carlos Polestico Garcia KR ( Tagalog: [ˈkaːɾ.los poˌlɛːs.tɪˈxo gɐɾˈsiː.ɐ] ; November 4, 1896 – June 14, 1971), often referred to by his initials CPG , was a Filipino teacher, poet, orator, lawyer, public official, political economist, guerrilla and Commonwealth military leader who
8585-681: The school building were bombed by the American fighter planes in 1944. Mr. Juan Sumbalan was the president sometime in the 1920s up to the outbreak of the war. Under the Japanese military government, Mr, Restituto Parista was appointed as the town's chief. During the war, several young and brave men of Sumilao joined the guerilla resistance movement. Some of these men were Lieutenants Candido G. Sumbalan and Alejandro Sale. When liberation came, Mr, Juan Sumbalan, who returned to power, ordered some of his men to settle in Kisolon to protect themselves from
8686-597: The second highest mountain peak in the Philippines, and the Palaopao Mountains. In the Upper Kulaman areas, settlements sprawl between the vast stretches of pineapple plantations. Per topographic map of the municipality from NAMRIA , the average elevation of Sumilao is 600 meters above sea level. Bukidnon province has two prevailing climate variations based on rainfall pattern existing in its northern and southern sections. The northern part where Sumilao
8787-550: The seventies are accurate is still being discussed. The Teduray people live in the municipalities of Datu Blah T. Sinsuat , Upi , and South Upi in southwestern Maguindanao Province ; and in Lebak municipality, northwestern Sultan Kudarat Province . They speak the Teduray language , which is related to Bagobo , B'laan , and T'boli . Coastal Tedurays are mostly farmers, hunters, fishermen, and basket weavers; those living in
8888-568: The territories of the Blaan people and the coastline. The Caraga region is named after them. Their name means "spirited people" or "brave people", from kalag , ("spirit" or "soul"). They were historically composed of small warring groups. Their population, as of 1994, is 87,270. A subgroup of the Manobo from the island of Camiguin . They speak the Kamigin language and are closely related to
8989-488: The time of President Magsaysay's sudden death due to an airplane crash on March 17, 1957, Garcia was heading the Philippine delegation to the SEATO conference then being held at Canberra , Australia . Having been immediately notified of the tragedy, Vice President Garcia enplaned back for Manila . Upon his arrival, he directly reported to Malacañang Palace to assume the duties of president. Chief Justice Ricardo Paras of
9090-561: The total votes counted, defeating his closest rival, Jose Y. Yulo of the Liberal Party. His running mate, House Speaker Jose B. Laurel Jr. , lost to Pampanga 1st district Representative Diosdado Macapagal . This was the first time in Philippine electoral history where a president was elected by a plurality rather than a majority, and in which the winning presidential and vice-presidential candidates came from different parties. Garcia took his oath of office on December 30, 1957, at
9191-510: Was also responsible for changes in retail trade which greatly affected the Chinese businessmen in the country. In a speech during a joint session of Congress on September 18, 1946, Garcia said the following: We are called upon to decide on this momentous debate whether or not this land of ours will remain the cradle and grave, the womb and tomb of our race – the only place where we can build our homes, our temples, and our altars and where we erect
9292-419: Was appointed Mayor by Provincial Governor Marcus A. Reciña. Although Sumilao was one of the early missionary centers of Bukidnon, its economic and political growth was quite slow. This could be attested by the fact that by 1917, four municipal districts of the province were organized into regular municipalities. These municipalities have bigger populations and their leaders were politically prepared to administer
9393-600: Was awarded the honorary degree Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa from the National University in 1961. He also received an honorary doctorate degree from Tokyo University in Japan. He was among the top ten law students in the 1923 bar examination. Rather than practicing law right away, he worked as a teacher for two years at Bohol Provincial High School. He became famous for his poetry in Bohol, where he earned
9494-558: Was elected delegate of the 1971 Constitutional Convention , where delegates elected him as president of the convention. However, on June 14, 1971, Garcia died from a heart attack on 5:57 p.m. at his Manila residence along Bohol Avenue (now Sergeant Esguerra Avenue), Quezon City. Garcia was the first layman to lie in state in Manila Cathedral —a privilege once reserved for the Archbishops of Manila —and
9595-590: Was hailed by the people at large and confidence was expressed that the measures proposed would help solve the standing problems of the Republic. During his administration, he acted on the Bohlen–Serrano Agreement, which shortened the lease of the American military bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years. President Garcia, with the strong advocacy of Agriculture and Natural Resources Secretary Juan G. Rodriguez, invited
9696-549: Was later amended by Presidential Decree No. 1736 and later superseded by Presidential Decree No. 1835, entitled, "Codifying The Various Laws on Anti-Subversion and Increasing the Penalties for Membership in Subversive Organization." This, in turn, was amended by Presidential Decree No. 1975. On May 5, 1987, Executive Order No. 167 repealed Presidential Decrees No. 1835 and No. 1975 as being unduly restrictive of
9797-458: Was later changed to reduccion de Nuevo Cristianos. By 1891, Mission de Sumilao had 15 reducciones with a combined Christian population of 8, 399. The reduccion of Sumilao, however had 11, 340 inhabitants. Father Eusebio Barrado was the missionary curate during that time. In 1893, Mission de Mailag (Mailag) was created. This reduced the number of reducciones of Mission de Sumilao. By 1894, the mission had only 4, 122 Christian inhabitants. During
9898-510: Was now called president . In 1914, Sumilao was one of the communities created into municipal districts of Bukidnon pursuant to Executive Order No. 10 issued by Frank Carpenter, Governor of the Department of Mindanao and Sulu on August 15, 1914. It was also during the American regime that a parochial school known as Little Flower Academy flourished. Its operation, however, lasted only up to the outbreak of World War II. The Catholic Church and
9999-489: Was the eighth President of the Philippines . A lawyer by profession, Garcia entered politics when he became representative of Bohol’s 3rd district in the House of Representatives . He then served as a senator from 1945 to 1953. In 1953 he was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the 1953 presidential election . He then served as vice president from 1953 to 1957. After the death of Magsaysay in March 1957, he succeeded to
10100-637: Was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the 1953 presidential election in which both men won. He was appointed secretary of foreign affairs by President Magsaysay, and for four years served concurrently as vice-president . Garcia acted as chairman of the eight-nation Southeast Asian Security Conference held in Manila in September 1954, which led to the development of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). At
10201-467: Was to achieve self-determination for their member-tribes or, put more concretely, self-governance within their ancestral domain in accordance with their culture and customary laws. No other Lumad organization had the express goal in the past. Representatives from 15 tribes agreed in June 1986 to adopt the name; there were no delegates from the three major groups of the T'boli , the Teduray. The choice of
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