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90-511: Swede Hollow was a neighborhood of Saint Paul, Minnesota . It was one of a large group of neighborhoods collectively known as the East Side, lying just to the east of the near-downtown Railroad Island neighborhood, and at the northwestern base of Dayton's Bluff . It was capped in the north by the sprawling Hamm's Brewery (with its imposing Hamm family mansion), and in the south by the historic Seventh Street Improvement Arches . Although one of

180-495: A St. Paul mailing address. The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code. Saint Paul is the birthplace of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz , who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960. Schulz's Peanuts inspired giant, decorated sculptures around the city, a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s. Other notable residents include writer F. Scott Fitzgerald and playwright August Wilson , who premiered many of

270-663: A bend in the Mississippi River , Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center of Minnesota's government. The Minnesota State Capitol and the state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city's downtown district. One of the oldest cities in Minnesota, Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks, such as the Summit Avenue Neighborhood , the James J. Hill House , and

360-589: A crucial point in their history. Despite the absence of legal slavery in Minnesota, Army officers were permitted to bring their enslaved individuals into the region. Today, African Americans are one of the largest groups among Saint Paul's population; African Americans make up approximately 14% of Saint Paul's population, the second-largest background group, before Hmongs and after German-Americans. The city's African American residents are concentrated in its central and eastern neighborhoods. Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are Christian , split between

450-471: A large number of Somalis and Ethiopians since the 1990s, largely as refugees fleeing conflict in their home regions. Somali and Ethiopian populations are largest in the neighborhoods of Summit-University and Frogtown , where there are many businesses and organizations for Somali and Ethiopian populations. African Americans in St. Paul initially entered through servitude to officers at Fort Snelling, marking

540-480: A mark that would change what was once Mill Creek to Phalen. Among the earliest inhabitants to settle permanently in the isolated spot were Swedish immigrants. First arriving in the 1850s, they gave their new home the name "Svenska Dalen" (lit. [the] Swedish Valley ), a designation that remained (in English translation) long after they moved on, to be replaced by a wave of Italian immigrants in the early 20th century. At

630-625: A member of a young Social Democrats club in 1913. In his works, he often expressed a republican (anti‑royalist) point of view. He was strongly influenced by the facts that surfaced in the Kejne affair and Haijby affair , in which Moberg took an active part. From the 1950s, Moberg participated in debates about the Swedish monarchy , bureaucracy, and corruption. In addition, he devoted much time to help individual citizens who had suffered injustice. Much like others of his generation of Swedish authors from

720-456: A multipurpose entertainment and sports venue, can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events. It occupies the site of the demolished Saint Paul Civic Center . The Xcel Energy Center hosts the Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament, the Minnesota high school girls' volleyball tournament, and concerts throughout the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in

810-439: A music scene landmark since the 1940s. Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed Rose Ensemble . As an Irish stronghold, the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music, such as Shamrocks, The Dubliner, and until its closure in 2019, O'Gara's. The internationally acclaimed Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra is the nation's only full-time professional chamber orchestra. The Minnesota Centennial Showboat on

900-421: A nature center in 1976. A 1917 report remarked, "Phalen Creek and the banks of this stream are ideal for park purposes, while in their present state they constitute a menace to the health of the residents and to the community at large." The area remains uninhabited to this day. The original woodland state has returned (although some of the building foundations still remain), the creek has been partially restored, and

990-413: A piece called "Swede Hollow Lament". In 2012 composer Ann Millikan premiered an opera about Swede Hollow. In Sweden, the history of 19th-century migration to Minnesota was popularized by Vilhelm Moberg 's four-novel series The Emigrants (1949–1959), which describes rural, hard-working, successful settlers in the 1850s. Former ABBA members Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson adapted these books into

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1080-551: A position on the newspaper Vadstena Läns Tidning in Östergötland , which published many of his stories between 1919 and 1929. In 1926, Moberg made his breakthrough as a playwright when his comedy Kassabrist had a successful run in Stockholm. He published his first novel Raskens the following year. Moberg became a full‑time writer when the financial success of Raskens enabled him to devote himself entirely to writing. Many of his works have been translated into English, and he

1170-476: A single dirt road. Toilets consisted of outhouses constructed directly over Phalen Creek. The original inhabitants got their water from springs and used Phalen Creek as their sewer, leading to sanitation problems. So squalid were the conditions of the Hollow, in fact, that in 1956 the city declared the entire neighborhood a health hazard. The last remaining families were forcibly evicted, and the entire housing stock

1260-434: A snow sculpting competition, a medallion treasure hunt , food, activities, and an ice palace when it can be arranged. The Como Zoo and Conservatory and adjoining Japanese Garden are popular year-round. The historic Landmark Center in downtown Saint Paul hosts cultural and arts organizations. The city's recreation sites include Indian Mounds Park , Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park , Highland Park ,

1350-573: A town until 1854. The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is "Imnizaska" for the "white rock" bluffs along the river. The city has three sports venues: Xcel Energy Center , home to the Minnesota Wild and the Minnesota Frost , CHS Field , home to the St. Paul Saints , and Allianz Field , home to Minnesota United . Saint Paul has a mayor–council government . The current mayor

1440-575: A working‑class background, such as Ivar Lo‐Johansson , Harry Martinson and Moa Martinson , Moberg depicted the life of the dispossessed, their traditions, customs, and everyday struggle. His novels are important documents of social history, and trace the influences of various social and political movements in Sweden. Moberg's most famous work is The Emigrants series of four novels , written between 1949 and 1959, that describe one Swedish family's emigration from Småland to Chisago County, Minnesota in

1530-665: Is Melvin Carter III , who was first elected in 2018. Burial mounds in present-day Indian Mounds Park suggest the area was inhabited by the Hopewell Native Americans about 2,000 years ago. From the early 17th century to 1837, the Mdewakanton Dakota , a band of the Dakota people , lived near the mounds at the village of Kaposia and consider the area encompassing present-day Saint Paul Bdóte ,

1620-540: Is being redeveloped into a mixed-used area called Highland Bridge which, when complete, will include 3,800 housing units, most opening in 2023. Saint Paul has financed city development with tax increment financing (TIF) . In 2018, it had 55 TIF districts. Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the St. Paul Saints stadium , and the affordable housing along the Twin Cities Metro Green Line . In November 2021, Saint Paul became

1710-609: Is now the Highland Park neighborhood was included in this. Pike planned a second military reservation at the confluence of the St. Croix and Mississippi rivers. In 1819, Fort Snelling was built at the Minnesota and Mississippi confluence. The 1837 Treaty with the Sioux ceded all tribal lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. government. Chief Little Crow III moved his village, Kaposia , from south of Mounds Park across

1800-524: Is part of the Mississippi, Lake Phalen , and Lake Como . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 56.18 square miles (145.51 km ), of which 51.98 square miles (134.63 km ) is land and 4.20 square miles (10.88 km ) is water. The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers. The city ranked #2 in park access and quality, after only Minneapolis , in

1890-692: Is well‑recognized in the English‑speaking world among those interested in Scandinavian culture and history. In his autobiographical novel, A Soldier with a Broken Rifle (Swedish: Soldat med brutet gevär ), he speaks to the importance of giving voice to the downtrodden, illiterate classes of his forebears. This viewpoint also formed his History of the Swedish People, I–II (Swedish: Min svenska historia, berättad för folket , I–II), published in 1970–71 in both Swedish and English. He had intended

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1980-683: The Cathedral of Saint Paul . Like the adjacent city of Minneapolis , Saint Paul is known for its cold, snowy winters and humid summers. According to census estimates, in 2022 the city's population was 303,176, making it the 67th-most populous city in the United States , the 12th-most populous in the Midwest , and the second-most populous in Minnesota. Most of the city lies east of the Mississippi River near its confluence with

2070-768: The Greater East Side , which are considered ethnic enclaves for Hmong Minnesotans , with a large number of businesses, organizations, and events catering to the Hmong population, such as the Hmongtown Marketplace in Frogtown. Other large Southeast Asian populations live in Saint Paul, particularly Burmese Americans of the Karen and Karenni ethnic group, who immigrated to the U.S. as refugees in

2160-617: The Hopewell tradition , who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs (now Indian Mounds Park ). The next known inhabitants were the Mdewakanton Dakota in the 17th century, who fled their ancestral home of Mille Lacs Lake in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the Ojibwe nation. The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River. By 1800, French-Canadian explorers came through

2250-687: The James J. Hill House , the Minnesota Transportation Museum , the Science Museum of Minnesota , and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum. The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams. Saint Paul hosts a number of professional, semi-professional, and amateur sports teams. The Minnesota Wild play their home games at downtown Saint Paul's Xcel Energy Center , which opened in 2000. The Wild brought

2340-595: The Köppen climate classification , Saint Paul falls in the hot summer humid continental climate zone ( Dfa ). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet , ice, rain, thunderstorms , tornadoes , and fog . Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic air masses , especially during late December, January, and February. The average annual temperature of 46.5 °F (8.1 °C) gives

2430-856: The Minnesota River . Minneapolis is mostly across the Mississippi River to the west. Together, they are known as the "Twin Cities" and make up the core of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area , the third most populous metropolitan area in the Midwest. The Legislative Assembly of the Minnesota Territory established the Town of Saint Paul as its capital near existing Dakota Sioux settlements in November 1849. It remained

2520-629: The Nobel Prize in Literature to its recipient Alexander Solzhenitsyn – who was refused permission to attend the ceremony in Stockholm – through the Swedish embassy in Moscow . Moberg's suicide by self‑inflicted drowning drew much attention. He had had a long struggle with depression and writer's block . Karl Artur Vilhelm Moberg was born in 1898 on a farm outside of the town Emmaboda in

2610-733: The Northern Pacific Railway were both headquartered in Saint Paul until they merged with the Burlington Northern . Today they are part of the BNSF Railway. On August 20, 1904, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes damaged hundreds of downtown buildings, causing $ 1.78 million ($ 60.36 million today) in damages and ripping spans from the High Bridge . During the 1960s, in conjunction with urban renewal , Saint Paul razed neighborhoods west of downtown for

2700-554: The Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are Jewish synagogues such as Mount Zion Temple and significant populations of Hindus , Muslims , and Buddhists . The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large Wiccan population. The Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington area employs 1,570,700 people in

2790-500: The United States under the sponsorship of Archbishop John Ireland , who settled them on prairie claims near Graceville, Minnesota . When the original rural colonization plan was aborted by poor planning and the long, blizzard -wracked "Snow Winter" of 1880-81 (a season so harsh it was immortalized in the Laura Ingalls Wilder book The Long Winter ), the desperate immigrants were resettled along lower Phalen Creek in

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2880-799: The Wabasha Street Caves , Lake Como , Lake Phalen , and Rice Park , as well as several areas abutting the Mississippi River . The Irish Fair of Minnesota is held annually at the Harriet Island Pavilion area. The country's largest Hmong American sports festival, the Freedom Festival, is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park. The city is associated with the Minnesota State Fair in neighboring Falcon Heights just west of Como Park. The fair dates to before statehood. With

2970-630: The census of 2020 , the population was 311,527. The population density was 5,994.0 inhabitants per square mile (2,314.3/km ). There were 127,392 housing units at an average density of 2,451.1 per square mile (946.4/km ). In terms of race, the city's population was 50.5% White (21.1% German ), 19.2% Asian (10.9% Hmong , 2.53% Burmese , 0.85% Vietnamese , 0.69% Chinese , 0.51% Indian ), 16.8% Black or African American (1.7% Somali , 1.5% Ethiopian ), 1.0% Native American , 4.8% from other races , and 7.6% from two or more races. Residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race, made up 9.7% of

3060-479: The 1930s; although Mexican populations exist throughout Saint Paul, by far the largest concentration of Mexican Americans is on St. Paul's West Side , where Mexicans form a plurality of the population; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005. Saint Paul also has a large population of Central Americans, particularly Salvadorans , throughout eastern St. Paul and the West Side. St. Paul has become home to

3150-617: The 1950s. Of people who specified European ancestry in the 2005–07 American Community Survey of St. Paul, 26.4% were German , 13.8% Irish , 8.4% Norwegian , 7.0% Swedish , and 6.2% English . There is also a visible community of people of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population. By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as Frogtown (German: Froschburg ), became home to Vietnamese and other Southeast Asian people who had left their war-torn countries. A settlement program for

3240-531: The 1950s. Interstate 94 currently occupies a substantial portion of the old enclave. The rest of the site is largely vacant, except for a few dilapidated industrial structures. Minnesota Historical Society Videos Connemara Patch at the MHS Saint Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul (often abbreviated St. Paul ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County . Situated on high bluffs overlooking

3330-405: The 1970s. Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction. The tallest buildings, such as Galtier Plaza (Jackson and Sibley Towers), The Pointe of Saint Paul condominiums, and the city's tallest building, Wells Fargo Place (formerly Minnesota World Trade Center), were constructed in the late 1980s. In

3420-465: The 1990s and 2000s, the tradition of bringing new immigrant groups to the city continued. As of 2004, nearly 10% of the city's population were recent Hmong immigrants from Vietnam , Laos , Cambodia , Thailand , and Myanmar . Saint Paul is the location of the Hmong Archives . Saint Paul's history and growth as a landing port are tied to water. The city's defining physical characteristic,

3510-472: The 1995 musical Kristina från Duvemåla . The poorer, urban, less successful emigrants of the 1890s received less attention until described in Ola Larsmo 's 2016 novel Swede Hollow , which has also been adapted into a play. Just south and downstream of Swede Hollow was a lesser-known Irish neighborhood called Connemara Patch. It was so named after the original home of its Irish settlers, who arrived in

3600-518: The 19th century. They have been adapted for a total of three movies (two in the 1970s and one in 2021), and a musical. Among his other works are Raskens (1927) and Ride This Night (1941), a historical novel of a 17th‑century rebellion in Småland , acknowledged for its subliminal but widely recognised criticism of the Hitler regime . A prominent public intellectual and debater in Sweden, Moberg

3690-579: The 2000s and 2010s due to internal conflict and discrimination in Myanmar . Minnesota is believed to have the largest population of Karen Americans , with a population of 12,000 in 2017, who are mostly concentrated in Saint Paul. Burmese and Karen residents of Saint Paul make up 5.2% of the population in 2021, and are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of the North End , Payne-Phalen , and Frogtown . Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul since

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3780-468: The 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land . Saint Paul's Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into 17 Planning Districts, created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use Community Development Block Grants . With a funding agreement directly from the city,

3870-533: The Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation. Hmong Americans make up 11% of St. Paul's population as of 2021, and Saint Paul, as well as the Twin Cities area in general, is considered the center of Hmong culture in America. Hmongs are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of Frogtown , Payne-Phalen , Dayton's Bluff , the North End , and

3960-671: The Maplewood campus in 1964. 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St. Paul operations ceased. The city was home to the Ford Motor Company 's Twin Cities Assembly Plant , which opened in 1924 and closed at the end of 2011. The plant was in Highland Park on the Mississippi River, adjacent to Lock and Dam No. 1, Mississippi River , which generates hydroelectric power. The site

4050-590: The Minneapolis−Saint Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the continental U.S. Saint Paul is expected to be affected by climate change. More extreme heat waves are expected, as is increased precipitation in the spring and summer, which could cause river and flash flooding. Vector-borne transmission of such diseases as West Nile Virus , Lyme disease , and human anaplasmosis may increase because of changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. As of

4140-956: The Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota's first centennial celebration. Saint Paul has a number of museums, including the University of Minnesota's Goldstein Museum of Design, the Minnesota Children's Museum , the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments, the Minnesota Museum of American Art , the Traces Center for History and Culture, the Minnesota History Center , the Alexander Ramsey House,

4230-681: The Mississippi, named for their home, Connemara , Ireland. The Irish became prolific in politics, city governance, and public safety, much to the chagrin of the Germans and French, who had grown into the majority. In 1850, the first of many groups of Swedish immigrants passed through St. Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the territory . A large group settled in Swede Hollow , which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along Payne Avenue in

4320-586: The NHL back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the Minnesota North Stars left the state for Dallas, Texas . The World Hockey Association 's Minnesota Fighting Saints played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977. Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels, Sports Illustrated called Saint Paul the new Hockeytown U.S.A. in 2007. The Xcel Energy Center,

4410-550: The Parish of Algutsboda in Småland , in southern Sweden. He was the fourth child of six, of whom only three survived into adulthood. His forebears were soldiers and small farmers. He lived the first nine years of his life at the tenement soldier's cottage in Moshultamåla that his father Karl Moberg, a territorial soldier, took over in 1888. In 1907 the family moved to a small farm in the village of Moshultamåla. This had been

4500-450: The US by ESPN . Vilhelm Moberg Karl Artur Vilhelm Moberg (20 August 1898 – 8 August 1973) was a Swedish journalist , author, playwright , historian , and debater. His literary career, spanning more than 45 years, is associated with his four‑volume series The Emigrants . The novels, published between 1949 and 1959, deal with the Swedish emigration to the United States in

4590-417: The United States, following his uncle and aunt, but ultimately decided to remain in Sweden with his parents. Largely self‑educated, Moberg studied at Kronoberg County Folk High School in Grimslöv from 1916 to 1917, and at Katrineholms Praktiska Skola, a private school in Katrineholm , from 1917 to 1918. Moberg contracted the Spanish flu in 1918, and was sick for half a year. After his illness, Moberg took

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4680-469: The area between East Seventh and East Fourth streets as a stopgap measure—one that ultimately became permanent. The legendary Irish-language storyteller Éamon a Búrc spent several years in the district before a railroad accident took his leg, leading him to return to his village in County Galway , Ireland . Like Swede Hollow, Connemara Patch was eventually cleared of its inhabitants. The neighborhood's remnants were completely destroyed by urban renewal in

4770-422: The city's west, southwest, and southeast sides. Minneapolis , the state's largest city, lies to the west. Falcon Heights , Lauderdale , Roseville , and Maplewood are north, with Maplewood lying to the east. The cities of West Saint Paul and South Saint Paul are to the south, as are Lilydale , Mendota , and Mendota Heights , across the river from the city. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, which

4860-422: The city. The population density was 5,484.2 inhabitants per square mile (2,117.5/km ). There were 120,795 housing units at an average density of 2,323.9 per square mile (897.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% white, 15.7% African American, 1.1% Native American, 15.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander , 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of

4950-461: The competing interests of Minneapolis and St. Paul, it was held on "neutral ground" between both. That area refused to become part of St. Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s. The University of Minnesota Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights. Fort Snelling is often identified as being in St. Paul but is actually its own unorganized territory . The eastern part of Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory ( MSP included ) has

5040-420: The confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, was carved into the region during the last ice age , as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built. Receding glaciers and Lake Agassiz forced torrents of water from a glacial river that served the river valleys. The city is situated in east-central Minnesota. The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of

5130-481: The councils share a pool of funds. The councils have significant land-use control, a voice in guiding development, and they organize residents. The planning districts mostly represent traditional neighborhoods and combinations of smaller neighborhoods within the city. The city's 17 Planning Districts are: Saint Paul has a humid continental climate typical of the Upper Midwestern United States . Winters are frigid and snowy, while summers are warm to hot and humid. On

5220-421: The creation of the interstate freeway system. From 1959 to 1961, the Rondo neighborhood was demolished for the construction of Interstate 94 . The loss of that African American enclave brought attention to racial segregation and unequal housing in northern cities. The annual Rondo Days celebration commemorates the African American community. Downtown Saint Paul had skyscraper-building booms beginning in

5310-510: The creek by the 1850s. Railroad tracks were built along the creek in 1865 because the creek bed provided an easier grade up from the Mississippi River than bluffs elsewhere. Unusually for a neighborhood in the heart of a mid-20th-century major American city (especially given the Twin Cities ' challenging climate ), Swede Hollow was never electrified, and plumbing was extremely primitive. The residences were constructed almost entirely out of recovered and scrapped building materials and serviced by

5400-399: The entire valley has been made part of Swede Hollow Park, a city park. The trail running along the west edge of Swede Hollow is the Bruce Vento Regional Trail , paved on the former right-of-way of the Northern Pacific Railway's Skally Line that ran from St. Paul to Duluth . The award-winning album Minnesota: A History of the Land , released by musician Peter Ostroushko in 2005, included

5490-445: The family home of his mother Ida Moberg; they had lost it due to poverty. Money from her family in America enabled them to buy the property back. Moberg had only limited schooling from 1906 until 1912. However, as a child he was an avid reader; he published his first writing at the age of 13. Moberg worked as a farmer and forest laborer, and later at glassblowing before and between his various studies. In 1916 he nearly emigrated to

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5580-422: The history to have more volumes, but he never finished it. As a playwright, Moberg wrote 38 works for the stage or for radio (1919–1973). Some were produced as lighter classics of the Swedish stage and television, or were adapted as feature films by directors such as Ingmar Bergman ( Lea och Rakel / Leah and Rachel ; Malmö City Theatre 1955) and Alf Sjöberg ( Domaren / The Judge ; 1960). Moberg had become

5670-609: The influential Artists' Quarter , first established in the 1970s in Whittier, Minneapolis , and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994. Artists' Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam, home of the 2009 National Poetry Slam Champions. At The Black Dog, in Lowertown, many French or European jazz musicians (Evan Parker, Tony Hymas, Benoît Delbecq, François Corneloup) have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe. Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins, Dean Magraw/Davu Seru, Merciless Ghosts, and Willie Murphy are regulars. The Turf Club in Midway has been

5760-434: The main characters featured in The Emigrants Series . The Vilhelm Moberg Society, headquartered in the Swedish Emigrant Institute, promotes publications, research and popular interest in Moberg's works. Moberg struggled with severe depression in the last years of his life. He committed suicide by drowning himself in a lake outside his house. He left a note to his wife saying: "The time is twenty past seven; I go to seek in

5850-565: The mid‑19th century. This was a destiny shared by almost one million Swedish people, including several of the author's relatives. These novels have been translated into English: The Emigrants (1951), Unto a Good Land (1954), The Settlers (1961), and The Last Letter Home (1961). His literary portrayal of the Swedish‑American immigrant experience is considered comparable to Ole Edvart Rølvaag 's work depicting that of Norwegian‑American immigrants. From 1948 to 1960, Moberg lived in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California . While there he wrote

5940-416: The move. The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul, making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or Dakota Territory . Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub. The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley's topography. For a time, Saint Paul was called "The Last City of the East." Fort Snelling

6030-527: The oldest settlements in the city, it was also arguably the poorest as each wave of immigrants settled in the valley. Swedes , Poles , Italians and Mexicans all at one point called the valley home. A similar community just downstream called Connemara Patch also existed for Irish immigrants. The area was originally a small, steep, wooded ravine cut through by Phalen Creek . The first settler, Edward Phelan , moved there in 1841. Phelan fled Minnesota in 1850 after perjury charges arose but not before leaving

6120-409: The only Midwestern city to regulate rent increases when voters passed a rent control ordinance as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs. The law limited annual rent increases to three percent and prohibited higher increases after a tenant vacated a unit. In September 2022, the Saint Paul City Council voted to amend the law, allowing higher vacancy increases and exempting units built in

6210-451: The popular The Emigrants series. The Vilhelm Moberg House is located on Carmel Point at 2423 San Antonio Avenue, near Isabella & Martin Way. Moberg also lived for a time in the guesthouse of Gustaf Lannestock, his friend and translator, at 26085 Scenic Road. Swedish film director Jan Troell in 1971–72 adapted the books into two major feature films, The Emigrants (based on the first two novels) and The New Land (based on

6300-479: The population (6.58% Mexican , 0.68% Salvadoran ). The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing. According to the American Community Survey estimates for 2016–2020, the median income for a household in the city was $ 59,717, and the median income for a family was $ 74,852. Male full-time workers had a median income of $ 50,186 versus $ 45,541 for female workers. The per capita income

6390-443: The population. There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

6480-728: The preceding or following 20 years from the increase cap. Every January, Saint Paul hosts the Saint Paul Winter Carnival , a tradition that began in 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul "another Siberia ". The organizers had a model in the Montreal Winter Carnival the year before. Architect A. C. Hutchinson designed the Montreal ice castle and was hired to design St. Paul's first. The event has now been held 135 times with an attendance of 350,000. It includes an ice sculpting competition,

6570-681: The private sector as of July 2008, 82.43% of whom work in private service providing-related jobs. Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include Ecolab , a chemical and cleaning product company that the Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal named in 2008 as the eighth-best place to work in the Twin Cites for companies with 1,000 full-time Minnesota employees, and Securian Financial Group Inc. The 3M Company moved to St. Paul in 1910. It built an art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands. Headquarters operations moved to

6660-501: The region after the introduction of European goods. After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase , U.S. Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike negotiated approximately 100,000 acres (40,000 ha; 160 sq mi) of land from the indigenous Dakota in 1805 to establish a fort. A military reservation was intended for the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers on both sides of the Mississippi up to Saint Anthony Falls . All of what

6750-471: The region and attracted fur traders. Fort Snelling and Pig's Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from New England and English , Irish , and Scottish immigrants , who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge. These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river. The first wave of immigration came with the Irish, who settled at Connemara Patch along

6840-461: The reservation, particularly irritated the commander. By the early 1840s, a community had developed nearby that locals called Pig's Eye (French: L'Œil du Cochon ) or Pig's Eye Landing after Parrant's popular tavern. In 1842, a raiding party of Ojibwe attacked the Kaposia encampment south of Saint Paul. A battle ensued where a creek drained into wetlands two miles south of Wakan Tipi. The creek

6930-399: The river a few miles onto Dakota land. Fur traders, explorers, and settlers came to the area for the fort's security. Many were French-Canadians who predated American pioneers by some time. A whiskey trade flourished among the squatters and the fort's commander evicted them all from the fort's reservation. Fur trader turned bootlegger "Pig's Eye" Parrant , who set up business just outside

7020-429: The second two), both starring Max von Sydow and Liv Ullmann as Karl Oskar and Kristina. These were nominated for several Academy Awards , and The New Land won Golden Globe Awards . The musical Kristina från Duvemåla (English title Kristina ) (1995) by ex‑ ABBA members Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson is based on Moberg's The Emigrants Series . A later film adaptation, known simply as The Emigrants

7110-609: The site of creation for their people. The Dakota called the area Imniza-Ska ("white cliffs") for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on the river's eastern side. The Imniza-Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota. The explorer Jonathan Carver documented the historic Wakan Tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767. In the Menominee language Saint Paul was called Sāēnepān-Menīkān , which means "ribbon, silk or satin village", suggesting its role in trade throughout

7200-560: The ten plays in his Pittsburgh Cycle at the local Penumbra Theater. The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts hosts theater productions and the Minnesota Opera is a founding tenant. RiverCentre , attached to Xcel Energy Center , serves as the city's convention center. The city has contributed to the music of Minnesota and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues. Great jazz musicians have passed through

7290-456: The time of the neighborhood's demise in the mid-fifties, it had attracted some Mexican families as well. Although remembered with a certain nostalgia today, the former area was a true slum . People and industries occupying the surrounding "upper" neighborhoods used the Hollow as a makeshift dump, which the inhabitants down below routinely scavenged for clothing, metals, building supplies, and even shoe repair needs. Several gristmills operated on

7380-400: Was $ 32,779. About 13.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher. As of the 2010 census , there were 285,068 people, 111,001 households, and 59,689 families residing in

7470-421: Was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33. The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of

7560-467: Was burnt to the ground on December 11 of the same year. At one time (1905) as many as 1,000 people called the tiny little glade their home, although there were far fewer (14 families in all) remaining at the time of the December 11, 1956 clearing. Soon after the destruction, the area became a dumping ground and gathering place for the homeless. In the 1970s the valley was cleaned up, and it was designated

7650-400: Was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital. The U.S. Army made the territory's first improved road, Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road, in 1850. It passed through what became Saint Paul neighborhoods. In 1857, the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to Saint Peter , but Joe Rolette , a territorial legislator, stole the text of the bill and went into hiding, preventing

7740-454: Was important to Saint Paul from the start. Direct access from Saint Paul did not happen until the 7th bridge was built in 1880. Before that, there was a cable ferry crossing dating to at latest the 1840s. Once streetcars appeared, a new bridge to Saint Paul was built in 1904. Until the town built its first jail the fort's brig served Saint Paul. Industrialist James J. Hill founded his railroad empire in Saint Paul. The Great Northern Railway and

7830-718: Was recognized for his vocal criticism of the Swedish monarchy (most notably after the Haijby affair ), describing it as a servile government by divine mandate , and publicly supporting its replacement with a Swiss‑style confederal republic . He spoke out aggressively against the policies of Nazi Germany , the Greek military junta , and the Soviet Union , and his works were among those destroyed in Nazi book burnings . In 1971, he scolded Prime Minister Olof Palme for refusing to present

7920-791: Was released in 2021, and in August 2022 on digital platforms. Several other works by Moberg have been turned into films and TV series in Sweden over the years. Moberg donated his papers to the Swedish Emigrant Institute in Växjö, Sweden , It displays his original manuscripts, excerpts, notes, and photographs in The Moberg Room, in such a way that visitors get a feeling of meeting Vilhelm Moberg in his workshop. This unique collection of Moberg memorabilia includes Axel Olsson's sculpture entitled The Emigrants , which portrays

8010-502: Was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota. He had a chapel he named for St. Paul built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling. Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel 's name for the settlement and cease the use of "Pig's Eye". In 1847, New York educator Harriet Bishop moved to the settlement and opened the city's first school. The Minnesota Territory

8100-673: Was thereafter called Battle Creek and is today parkland. In the 1840s-70s the Métis brought their oxen and Red River Carts down Kellogg Street to Lambert's landing to send buffalo hides to market from the Red River of the North . Saint Paul was the southern terminus of the Red River Trails . In 1840, Pierre Bottineau became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement's center. In 1841, Catholic missionary Lucien Galtier

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