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91-616: The Prince Olav Mountains were discovered in 1911 by Roald Amundsen on the way to the South Pole , and named by him for the then Crown Prince Olav of Norway. This range includes the following high mountains and peaks: The Prince Olav Mountains extend in a generally northwest – southeast direction between the Shackleton Glacier to the west and the Liv Glacier to the east. The Gabbro Hills and Lillie Range are to

182-792: A Longhorn herd on his ranch, the Y O , in Mountain Home, Texas , as a tribute to the ranching legacy of his grandfather, Captain Charles Armand Schreiner, and the Longhorns he ran on his ranches. Schreiner purchased five heifers and one bull calf for $ 75 each from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge near Lawton. In 1964, Schreiner founded the Texas Longhorn Breeders Association of America. The YO herd were

273-544: A higher tolerance of heat and drought than most European breeds. It can be of any color or mix of colors. In some 40% of the cattle it is some shade of red, often a light red; the only shade of red not seen is the deep color typical of the Hereford . In the 21st century it is considered part of the cultural heritage of Texas. The Texas Longhorn derives from cattle brought to the Americas by Spanish conquistadors from

364-558: A member of the winter party at McMurdo Station in 1963. 84°36′S 174°45′W  /  84.600°S 174.750°W  / -84.600; -174.750 . A high ridge, 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) long, extending north from the Prince Olav Mountains between Massam and Barrett Glaciers to the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf. A series of rock spurs extend from the west side. Visited and so named by

455-540: A new ship, Maud , lasted until 1925. Maud was carefully navigated through the ice west to east through the Northeast Passage . With him on this expedition were Oscar Wisting and Helmer Hanssen, both of whom had been part of the team to reach the South Pole. In addition, Henrik Lindstrøm was included as a cook. He suffered a stroke and was so physically reduced that he could not participate. The goal of

546-402: A quarrel within the group, and Amundsen sent Johansen and the other two men to explore King Edward VII Land . A second attempt, with a team of five made up of Olav Bjaaland , Helmer Hanssen , Sverre Hassel , Oscar Wisting and Amundsen, departed base camp on 19 October. They took four sledges and 52 dogs. Using a route along the previously unknown Axel Heiberg Glacier , they arrived at

637-576: A steep bluff at the east side of Shackleton Glacier. Named by F. Alton Wade, leader of the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Party (1962–63), in honor of Lubbock, Texas , home of Texas Technological College, to which all three members of the party were affiliated. 84°45′S 173°47′W  /  84.750°S 173.783°W  / -84.750; -173.783 . A ridge, 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) long, extending northwest from Mount Llano and terminating at

728-476: A winter for which they were poorly prepared. By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, the American Frederick Cook , probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat. In cases where citrus fruits are lacking, raw meat – particularly offal – from animals often contains enough vitamin C to prevent scurvy. In 1903, Amundsen led

819-550: Is an American breed of beef cattle , characterized by its long horns , which can span more than 8 ft (2.4 m) from tip to tip. It derives from cattle brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Americas by Spanish conquistadors from the time of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus until about 1512. For hundreds of years the cattle lived a semi-feral existence on the rangelands ; they have

910-1130: Is easily viewed from positions on Shackleton Glacier or the Ross Ice Shelf. Discovered and photographed by R. Admiral Byrd on flights to the Queen Maud Mountains in November 1929. Named by US-SCAN after Franklin Alton Wade (1903–78), geologist with the ByrdAE (1933–35), senior scientist at West Base of the US AS (1939–41), and leader of two Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Parties (1962–63 and 1964–65) to this vicinity; Senior Scientist USARP Marie Byrd Land Survey, 1966–67 and 1967-68. 84°57′S 174°00′W  /  84.950°S 174.000°W  / -84.950; -174.000 . A peak 4,070 metres (13,350 ft) high situated 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) south-southeast of Mount Wade. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos 1960-65. Named by US-ACAN in recognition of

1001-505: Is extremely variable. In some 40% of the cattle it is some shade of red, often a light red; the only shade of red not seen is the deep colour typical of the Hereford . The finching pattern is common; when the base color is black it is called zorillo , from the Spanish word for ' skunk '. Other colors include variations of black, blue, brown, cream, dun, grey, yellow or white, either with or without brindling (called gateada , from

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1092-569: Is little evidence, it was said that Amundsen had a brief affair with his landlady in Antwerp —until he came home and found her dead after an apparent suicide. His biographer Tor Bomann-Larsen also suggests a romantic relationship between Amundsen and Sigrid Castberg, wife of the lawyer Leif Castberg from Gjøvik , in the years before the South Pole expedition, a relationship Amundsen broke off after that expedition in favour of Kiss Bennett. Author Julian Sancton noted that in his younger years, Amundsen

1183-1068: Is southwest of the central portion, north of the McGregor Glacier , which flows west to the Shackleton Glacier. It is north of the Cumulus Hills . The southeastern part of the Prince Olaf Mountains include Jones Peak and the Seabee Heights to the southwest of the DeGanahl Glacier , which joins the LaVergne Glacier east of Garcia Point. North of the DeGanahl Glacier are, from west to east, Mount Fisher, Mount Ray, Mount Wells, Mount Roe and Mercie Peak, opposite Hardiman Peak where Zotikov Glacier joins Liv Glacier from

1274-623: The Alentejana and Mertolenga of Portugal. Like other Criollo cattle of the Americas and many breeds of southern Europe, it is principally of taurine (European) derivation, but has a small admixture of indicine genetic heritage; this may be a consequence of gene flow across the Strait of Gibraltar from cattle of African origin dating to before the time of the Spanish Conquest. The horns are in some cases very long. In general,

1365-567: The Northeast Passage on the ship Maud , Amundsen began planning for an aerial expedition instead. On 12 May 1926, Amundsen and 15 other men in the airship Norge became the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole. Amundsen disappeared in June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission for the airship Italia in the Arctic. The search for his remains, which have not been found,

1456-496: The Parry Channel and then south through Peel Sound , James Ross Strait , Simpson Strait and Rae Strait . They spent two winters at King William Island , in the harbor of what is today Gjoa Haven . During this time, Amundsen and the crew learned from the local Netsilik Inuit about Arctic survival skills, which he found invaluable in his later expedition to the South Pole. For example, he learned to use sled dogs for

1547-584: The Royal Norwegian Navy , tried to fly from Wainwright, Alaska , to Spitsbergen across the North Pole. When their aircraft was damaged, they abandoned the journey. To raise additional funds, Amundsen traveled around the United States in 1924 on a lecture tour. In 1925, accompanied by Lincoln Ellsworth , pilot Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen , flight mechanic Karl Feucht and two other team members, Amundsen took two Dornier Do J flying boats ,

1638-491: The United States Geological Survey . Roald Amundsen This is an accepted version of this page Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen ( UK : / ˈ ɑː m ʊ n d s ən / , US : /- m ə n s -/ ; Norwegian: [ˈrùːɑɫ ˈɑ̂mʉnsən] ; 16 July 1872 – c.  18 June 1928 ) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions . He was a key figure of

1729-657: The 1963–64, 1964–65, and 1965–66 summer seasons. 85°10′S 169°48′W  /  85.167°S 169.800°W  / -85.167; -169.800 . A massive ice-covered mountain standing at the west side of Liv Glacier, about 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northwest of June Nunatak . Named by US-ACAN for Harry Wells, Executive Secretary of the Committee on Polar Research, National Academy of Sciences, 1962-66. 85°08′S 169°36′W  /  85.133°S 169.600°W  / -85.133; -169.600 . A flattish, largely ice-covered mountain overlooking

1820-711: The Amundsen flight. Amundsen was a lifelong bachelor, but he had a long-time relationship with the Norwegian-born Kristine Elisabeth ('Kiss') Bennett, the wife of an Englishman, Charles Peto Bennett . He met her in London in 1907 and they remained close for many years; Amundsen kept the relationship a secret from everyone outside his intimate circle. Later, he became engaged to Bess Magids, an American divorcée whom he had met in Alaska. Though there

1911-620: The Arctic in the airship Norge , designed by Nobile. They left Spitsbergen on 11 May 1926, flew over the North Pole on 12 May, and landed in Alaska the following day. The three previous claims to have arrived at the North Pole, by the Americans Frederick Cook in 1908; Robert Peary in 1909; and Richard E. Byrd in 1926 (just a few days before the Norge ) are disputed by some, as being either of dubious accuracy or outrightly fraudulent. If these other claims are false,

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2002-568: The Barrier, along a line directly south to the Pole. Amundsen also planned to kill most of his dogs on the way and use them as a source for fresh meat. As he went he butchered some of the dogs and fed them to the remaining dogs, as well as eating some himself. A small group, including Hjalmar Johansen , Kristian Prestrud and Jørgen Stubberud , set out on 8 September, but had to abandon their trek due to extreme temperatures. The painful retreat caused

2093-569: The Baselaying Flight of Nov. 18, 1929, and surveyed by A.P. Crary in 1957-58. Named by Crary for Harry Sellery of the United States National Bureau of Standards, who was Antarctic Project Leader for ionosphere studies, 1957-60. 84°59′S 172°10′W  /  84.983°S 172.167°W  / -84.983; -172.167 . A mountain over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) high along the north escarpment of

2184-754: The Cathedral Peaks, a group of summits that form a portion of the wall on the east side of Shackleton Glacier. The peak is 2,090 metres (6,860 ft) high and stands 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southwest of Mount Kenney. Named by US-ACAN for Helmut Ehrenspeck, geologist with the Ohio State University Party of 1970–71 which geologically mapped this vicinity. 85°50′S 175°25′W  /  85.833°S 175.417°W  / -85.833; -175.417 . A high ridge, about 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) long, extending west from Mount Wade and terminating in

2275-809: The Centennial of the Ohio State University in 1970, the same year the University's Institute of Polar Studies celebrated its Decennial. The University and the Institute have been very active in Antarctic investigations since 1960. 84°55′S 174°00′W  /  84.917°S 174.000°W  / -84.917; -174.000 . A prominent peak 3,790 metres (12,430 ft) high standing 3.5 nautical miles (6.5 km; 4.0 mi) southeast of Mount Wade. Discovered and photographed by

2366-408: The Committee on Polar Research, National Academy of Sciences, 1957-63. 85°13′S 171°15′W  /  85.217°S 171.250°W  / -85.217; -171.250 . Rugged snow-covered heights rising to 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) high. The heights are about 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) long and 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide and are bounded by the flow of

2457-564: The DeGanahl, LaVergne and Liv Glaciers. Named by US-ACAN for the United States Navy Construction Battalions (Seabees) which have played a significant role in the building of United States Antarctic stations. 85°14′S 170°16′W  /  85.233°S 170.267°W  / -85.233; -170.267 . A conspicuous point which forms the south side of the terminus of DeGanahl Glacier, where

2548-613: The International Texas Longhorn Association; and the Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry. The online National Texas Longhorn Museum displays the diversity of horns found in the breed, stories about notable individual cattle of the breed, and a gallery of furniture made from cattle horns. The Longhorn is genetically close to Iberian cattle breeds such as the De Lidia and Retinta of Spain and

2639-503: The Inuit, threatening their community. His Inuit grandparents saved him. In 2012, Y-DNA analysis, with the families' permission, showed that Ikuallaq was not a match to the direct male line of Amundsen. Not all descendants claiming European ancestry have been tested for a match to Amundsen, nor has there been a comparison of Ikuallaq's DNA to that of other European members of Amundsen's crew. Texas Longhorn The Texas Longhorn

2730-616: The Moon was named after him; the rim of the crater is being considered by NASA as a potential landing location for their Artemis III lunar lander. Built in 1929 and opened in 1930, Amundsen High School opened its doors in Chicago's Ravenswood neighborhood. The 1969 film The Red Tent tells the story of the Nobile expedition and Amundsen's disappearance. Sean Connery plays Amundsen. A book Scott and Amundsen , by Roland Huntford ,

2821-484: The N-24 and N-25, to 87° 44′ north. It was the northernmost latitude reached by plane up to that time. The aircraft landed a few miles apart without radio contact, yet the crews managed to reunite. The N-24 was damaged. Amundsen and his crew worked for more than three weeks to clean up an airstrip to take off from ice. They shovelled 600 tons of ice while consuming only one pound (450 g) of daily food rations. In

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2912-514: The North Pole. Amundsen's French Latham 47 flying boat never returned . Later, a wing-float and bottom gasoline tank from the plane, which had been adapted as a replacement wing-float, were found near the Tromsø coast. It is assumed that the plane crashed in the Barents Sea , and that Amundsen and his crew were killed in the wreck, or died shortly afterward. The search for Amundsen and team

3003-617: The Northwest Passage "was a great achievement for Norway". He said he hoped to do more and signed it "Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen". The crew returned to Oslo in November 1906, after almost three and a half years abroad. Gjøa was returned to Norway in 1972. After a 45-day trip from San Francisco on a bulk carrier, she was placed on land outside the Fram Museum in Oslo, where she is now situated inside her own building at

3094-472: The Norwegian supporters felt misled. Scott was planning his own expedition to the South Pole that year. Using the ship Fram , earlier used by Fridtjof Nansen , Amundsen left Oslo for the south on 3 June 1910. At Madeira , Amundsen alerted his men that they would be heading to Antarctica, and sent a telegram to Scott: "Beg to inform you Fram proceeding Antarctic – Amundsen." Nearly six months later,

3185-657: The Prince Olav Mountains, at the confluence of Holzrichter and Gough Glaciers. Discovered by the United States Ross Ice Shelf Traverse Party (1957–58) under A.P. Crary, and named for Professor Carroll William Dodge , who analyzed and reported upon lichens and lichen parasites for the ByrdAE. 1933-35. 84°58′S 172°45′W  /  84.967°S 172.750°W  / -84.967; -172.750 . A prominent peak 3,895 metres (12,779 ft) high between Mounts Oliver and Smithson. Discovered and photographed by Rear Admiral Byrd on

3276-477: The Prince Olav Mountains, standing 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) east of Mount Sellery between the heads of Krout and Harwell Glaciers. Named by US-ACAN for James Smithson , English philanthropist. In 1835, his property came into the possession of the United States Government, having been bequeathed by him for the purpose of founding an institution at Washington, DC, to be called

3367-510: The Queen Maud Mountains in November 1929, and named by him for the Fisher brothers, Detroit industrialists and contributors to the ByrdAE, 1928-30. 85°07′S 170°48′W  /  85.117°S 170.800°W  / -85.117; -170.800 . A peak, 3,905 metres (12,812 ft) high, standing 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) southeast of Mount Fisher. Named by US-ACAN for Carleton Ray, USARP zoologist at McMurdo Station in

3458-523: The Queen Maud Mountains in November 1929. Named by US-ACAN for Capt. William H. Munson, United States Navy, Commanding Officer of United States Navy Air Development Squadron Six, otherwise known as VX-6, 1959-61. 84°51′S 174°19′W  /  84.850°S 174.317°W  / -84.850; -174.317 . A massive mountain 4,085 metres (13,402 ft) high which is a most distinctive landmark in its region, standing 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northwest of Mount Campbell. The feature

3549-499: The Smithsonian Institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men. 85°05′S 172°00′W  /  85.083°S 172.000°W  / -85.083; -172.000 . A mainly ice-free peak, 3,670 metres (12,040 ft) high, standing 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) west-northwest of Mount Fisher at the head of DeGanahl Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for John M. Jones, Program Officer of

3640-555: The Southern Party of NZGSAE (1963–64) because this is the first place where rocks of these groups have been found on the coast, surprising the geologists. 84°33′S 174°45′W  /  84.550°S 174.750°W  / -84.550; -174.750 . A spur on the west side of Longhorn Spurs, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) south of Cape Surprise. So named by the Southern Party of New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE) (1963–64) because of

3731-479: The Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Party (1964–65) because of the resemblance of the spurs to the horns of longhorn cattle . 84°31′S 174°25′W  /  84.517°S 174.417°W  / -84.517; -174.417 . A cape marking the northern end of Longhorn Spurs, between Massam and Barrett Glaciers, at the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf. It is composed of rocks of the Beacon and Ferrar groups. So named by

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3822-561: The United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Commander James E. Waldron, United States Navy Reserve , pilot with Squadron VX-6 in 1957-58. 84°32′S 175°25′W  /  84.533°S 175.417°W  / -84.533; -175.417 . A prominent peak 780 metres (2,560 ft) high at the north end of Waldron Spurs, marking the east side of the mouth of Shackleton Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for W.B. Nilsen, Master of

3913-656: The United States Antarctic Service (1939–41), and surveyed by A.P. Crary (1957–58). Named by Crary for Joel Campbell of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Antarctic Project Leader for geomagnetic operations, 1957-60. 84°56′S 173°44′W  /  84.933°S 173.733°W  / -84.933; -173.733 . A peak over 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) high, standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) southeast of Mount Campbell. Discovered and photographed by

4004-428: The United States Antarctic Service, 1939-41. Surveyed by A.P. Crary (1957–58) and named by him for Norman Oliver, Air Force Cambridge Research Center, who was Antarctic Project Leader for aurora operations, 1957-60. 84°52′S 172°22′W  /  84.867°S 172.367°W  / -84.867; -172.367 . A mainly ice-free peak 1,760 metres (5,770 ft) high on a mountain spur descending northward from

4095-548: The United States Antarctic Service, 1939-41. Surveyed by A.P. Crary (1957–58) and named by him for James A. McCue, United States Navy, radio mechanic, who was in charge of the first Beardmore Camp during the 1957–58 season. 84°48′S 174°26′W  /  84.800°S 174.433°W  / -84.800; -174.433 . A mountain 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) high rising from the northwest flank of Mount Wade, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) from its summit. Discovered and photographed by R. Admiral Byrd on flights to

4186-518: The United States Naval Ship Chattahoochee during Operation Deep Freeze 1965. 84°37′S 175°26′W  /  84.617°S 175.433°W  / -84.617; -175.433 . A peak 1,520 metres (4,990 ft) high standing 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) south of Nilsen Peak, at the west side of Massam Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Howard J. Orndorff, United States Navy,

4277-591: The United States Ross Ice Shelf Traverse Party (1957–58) under A.P. Crary. Named after George Albert Llano , American biologist and authority on polar lichems; Program Manager for Biological and Medical Sciences, Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, 1960–77; member of several seasonal expeditions to Antarctica from 1957-58. 84°45′S 174°41′W  /  84.750°S 174.683°W  / -84.750; -174.683 . A peak 1,710 metres (5,610 ft) high standing 5.5 nautical miles (10.2 km; 6.3 mi) northwest of Mount Wade. Discovered by

4368-552: The breed was saved from near extinction by enthusiasts from the United States Forest Service . They collected a small herd of stock to breed on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Lawton, Oklahoma . The breed also received significant attention after a Texas Longhorn named " Bevo " was adopted as the mascot of The University of Texas at Austin in 1917. The animal's image became commonly associated with

4459-459: The carefully collected scientific data was lost during the ill-fated journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen , two crew members sent on a mission by Amundsen. The scientific materials were later retrieved in 1922 by Russian scientist Nikolay Urvantsev from where they had been abandoned on the shores of the Kara Sea . The 1923 attempt to fly over the Pole failed. Amundsen and Oskar Omdal , of

4550-533: The command of Wisting, was to resume the original plan to drift over the North Pole in the ice. The ship drifted in the ice for three years east of the New Siberian Islands, never reaching the North Pole. It was finally seized by Amundsen's creditors as collateral for his mounting debt. Although they were unable to reach the North Pole, the scientific results of the expedition, mainly the work of Sverdrup, have proven to be of considerable value. Much of

4641-487: The continent and to Hobart , Australia, where Amundsen publicly announced his success on 7 March 1912. He telegraphed news to backers. Amundsen's expedition benefited from his careful preparation, good equipment, appropriate clothing, a simple primary task, an understanding of dogs and their handling, and the effective use of skis. In contrast to the misfortunes of Scott's team, Amundsen's trek proved relatively smooth and uneventful. In 1918, an expedition Amundsen began with

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4732-568: The crew got the ship loose from the ice, but it froze again after eleven days somewhere between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island . During this time, Amundsen suffered a broken arm and was attacked by a polar bear. As a result, he participated little in the work outdoors, such as sleigh rides and hunting. He, Hanssen, and Wisting, along with two other men, embarked on an expedition by dog sled to Nome, Alaska, more than 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) away. But they found that

4823-623: The crew of the Norge would be the first explorers verified to have reached the North Pole, when they floated over it in the Norge in 1926. If the Norge expedition was the first to the North Pole, Amundsen and Oscar Wisting were the first men to have reached both geographical poles, by ground or by air. Amundsen disappeared on 18 June 1928 while flying on a rescue mission in the Arctic. His team included Norwegian pilot Leif Dietrichson , French pilot René Guilbaud , and three more Frenchmen. They were seeking missing members of Nobile's crew, whose new airship Italia had crashed while returning from

4914-535: The crew. During the third winter, Maud was frozen in the western Bering Strait. She finally became free and the expedition sailed south, reaching Seattle , in the American Pacific Northwest in 1921 for repairs. Amundsen returned to Norway, needing to put his finances in order. He took with him two young indigenous girls, a four-year-old he adopted, Kakonita, and her companion Camilla. When Amundsen went bankrupt two years later, however, he sent

5005-941: The east margin of Shackleton Glacier. From the glacier the peaks resemble the spires and turrets of a cathedral. Named by F. Alton Wade, who worked in this area as leader of the Texas Tech Shackleton Glacier Party, 1962-63. 84°44′S 175°28′W  /  84.733°S 175.467°W  / -84.733; -175.467 . A sharp summit 2,030 metres (6,660 ft) high in the Cathedral Peaks, rising 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) east of Shackleton Glacier and 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) northwest of Mount Wade. Discovered and photographed by United States Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47. Named by US-ACAN for 1st Lieutenant Leroy S. Kenney, United States Marine Corps Reserve, helicopter and airplane pilot with United States Navy Squadron VX-6 during Deep Freeze operations. 84°46′S 175°35′W  /  84.767°S 175.583°W  / -84.767; -175.583 . One of

5096-460: The east side of Barrett Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Robert C. Watt, United States Navy, Supply Officer during United States Navy OpDFrz 1964. 84°48′S 173°21′W  /  84.800°S 173.350°W  / -84.800; -173.350 . A mountain peak 1,930 metres (6,330 ft) high in the foothills of the Prince Olav Mountains, standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) northeast of Mount Wade. Surveyed by

5187-626: The edge of the Polar Plateau on 21 November after a four-day climb. The team and 16 dogs arrived at the pole on 14 December, a month before Scott's group. Amundsen named their South Pole camp Polheim . Amundsen renamed the Antarctic Plateau as King Haakon VII's Plateau. They left a small tent and letter stating their accomplishment, in case they did not return safely to Framheim. The team arrived at Framheim on 25 January 1912, with 11 surviving dogs. They made their way off

5278-430: The end of the 17th century. Eventually, some cattle escaped or were turned loose on the open range , where they remained mostly feral for the next two centuries. Over several generations, descendants of these cattle developed to have high feed- and drought-stress tolerances and other "hardy" characteristics that have given Longhorns their reputation as livestock . The Texas Longhorn stock slowly dwindled, but in 1927,

5369-526: The end, the six crew members were packed into the N-25. In a remarkable feat, Riiser-Larsen took off, and they barely became airborne over the cracking ice. They returned triumphant when everyone thought they had been lost forever. In 1926, Amundsen and 15 other men (including Ellsworth, Riiser-Larsen, Oscar Wisting, and the Italian air crew led by aeronautical engineer Umberto Nobile ) made the first crossing of

5460-670: The expedition arrived at the eastern edge of the Ross Ice Shelf (then known as "the Great Ice Barrier"), at a large inlet called the Bay of Whales , on 14 January 1911. Amundsen established his base camp there, calling it Framheim . Amundsen eschewed the heavy wool clothing worn on earlier Antarctic attempts in favour of adopting Inuit -style furred skins. Using skis and dog sleds for transportation, Amundsen and his men created supply depots at 80°, 81° and 82° South on

5551-469: The expedition told of their relations with Inuit women, and historians have speculated that Amundsen might also have taken a partner, although he wrote a warning against this. Specifically, half-brothers Bob Konona and Paul Ikuallaq say that their father Luke Ikuallaq told them on his deathbed that he was the son of Amundsen. Konona said that their father Ikuallaq was left out on the ice to die after his birth, as his European ancestry made him illegitimate to

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5642-440: The expedition was to explore the unknown areas of the Arctic Ocean, strongly inspired by Fridtjof Nansen's earlier expedition with Fram . The plan was to sail along the coast of Siberia and go into the ice farther to the north and east than Nansen had. In contrast to Amundsen's earlier expeditions, this was expected to yield more material for academic research, and he carried the geophysicist Harald Sverdrup on board. The voyage

5733-429: The first cattle registered with the association. To draw attention to the Longhorn and its new association, in 1966, Schreiner organized a cattle drive of Longhorn steers from San Antonio , Texas to Dodge City , Kansas. The drive was promoted as a centennial commemoration of the earlier Chisholm Trail drives. Schreiner arranged for local members of the Quanah sheriff's posse to stage a simulated “Indian attack” as

5824-442: The first expedition to traverse Canada's Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He planned a small expedition of six men in a 45-ton fishing vessel, Gjøa , to have flexibility. His ship had relatively shallow draft. His technique was to use a small ship and hug the coast. Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small 13 horsepower single-screw paraffin (diesel) engine. They traveled via Baffin Bay ,

5915-426: The girls to be cared for by Camilla's father, who lived in eastern Russia. In June 1922, Amundsen returned to Maud , which had been sailed to Nome. He decided to shift from the planned naval expedition to aerial ones, and arranged to charter a plane. He divided the expedition team in two: one part, led by him, was to winter over and prepare for an attempt to fly over the pole in 1923. The second team on Maud , under

6006-660: The head of Massam Glacier, 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northeast of Mount Kenney, in the Prince Olav Mountains. The feature was geologically mapped on November 18, 1970, by the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) Ohio State University Party of 1970-71. Named by US-ACAN for Vaughn P. Wendland, geologist and field assistant with the Ohio State party. 84°44′S 175°40′W  /  84.733°S 175.667°W  / -84.733; -175.667 . A rugged mountain mass surmounted by several conspicuous peaks, located north of Lubbock Ridge and extending for about 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) along

6097-432: The horns of bulls are of moderate length, while those of steers may be much longer. In 2022 the Guinness Book of Records reported the longest spread of cattle horns (on a living animal) to be: 323.7 cm (127.4 in) for a steer called Poncho Via; 265.1 cm (104.4 in) for a cow named 3S Danica; and 262.5 cm (103.3 in) for a bull named Cowboy Tuff Chex. All three were Texas Longhorns. Coat color

6188-486: The ice was not frozen solid in the Bering Strait , and it could not be crossed. They sent a telegram from Anadyr to signal their location. After two winters frozen in the ice, without having achieved the goal of drifting over the North Pole, Amundsen decided to go to Nome to repair the ship and buy provisions. Several of the crew ashore there, including Hanssen, did not return on time to the ship. Amundsen considered Hanssen to be in breach of contract, and dismissed him from

6279-436: The latter enters Liv Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Leopoldo Garcia, USARP meteorologist at South Pole Station, winter 1965. 85°06′S 171°03′W  /  85.100°S 171.050°W  / -85.100; -171.050 . A domed, snow-capped summit 4,080 metres (13,390 ft) high standing 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) northwest of Mount Ray. Discovered and photographed by R. Admiral Byrd on flights to

6370-401: The museum. Amundsen next planned to take an expedition to the North Pole and explore the Arctic Basin . Finding it difficult to raise funds, when he heard in 1909 that the Americans Frederick Cook and Robert Peary had claimed to reach the North Pole as a result of two different expeditions, he decided to reroute to Antarctica. He was not clear about his intentions, and Robert F. Scott and

6461-417: The northeast. In the northwest the mountains include the Waldron Spurs, including Nilsen Peak and Mount Orndorff, the Longhorn Spurs, including Cape Surprise, Garden Spur and Olds Peak, and Cathedral Peaks including Mount Kenney, McCuistion Glacier and Lubbock Rudge, all to the west of Barrett Glacier . The Dick Glacier runs west to the Shackleton Glacier to the south of Lubbock Ridge. The central part of

6552-619: The period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration . Born in Borge, Østfold , Norway, Amundsen began his career as a polar explorer as first mate on Adrien de Gerlache 's Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899. From 1903 to 1906, he led the first expedition to successfully traverse the Northwest Passage on the sloop Gjøa . In 1909, Amundsen began planning for a South Pole expedition . He left Norway in June 1910 on

6643-547: The range is separated from the Gabbro Hills by Watt Ridge, terminating in Mount Llano. It includes, from northwest to southeast, Mount McCue, Mount Munson, Mount Wade, Mount Campbell, Mount Oliver, Mount Dodge, Mount Sellery and Mount Smithson. The Holzrichter Glacier , Krout Glacier and Harwell Glacier drain east into Gough Glacier . The Yeats Glacier drains west into Shackleton Glacier. The Mount Finley massif

6734-730: The rich flora of mosses, algae and lichens found there. 84°40′S 174°41′W  /  84.667°S 174.683°W  / -84.667; -174.683 . A peak 1,480 metres (4,860 ft) high standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) northeast of Mount Kenney in the south part of Longhorn Spurs, Queen Maud Mountains. Named by US-ACAN for Commander Corwin A. Olds, United States Navy, who participated in Antarctic Support Activity during United States Navy OpDFrz 1964. 84°42′S 175°18′W  /  84.700°S 175.300°W  / -84.700; -175.300 . A peak 1,650 metres (5,410 ft) high near

6825-577: The ridge descending from the latter. Named by US-ACAN for James E. Mercik, USARP aurora scientist at South Pole Station, winter 1965. 85°01′S 169°23′W  /  85.017°S 169.383°W  / -85.017; -169.383 . A peak, 1,210 metres (3,970 ft) high, forming the east extremity of the ridge along the north side of Zotikov Glacier. Named by US-ACAN for Terrance L. Hardiman, USARP geomagnetist/seismologist at South Pole Station, 1965. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

6916-608: The school's sports teams, known as the Texas Longhorns . A few years later, J. Frank Dobie and others gathered small herds to keep in Texas state parks. Oilman Sid W. Richardson helped finance the project. The Longhorns were cared for largely as curiosities, but the stock's longevity, resistance to disease, and ability to thrive on marginal pastures resulted in a revival of the breed as beef stock and for their link to Texas history. In 1957, Charles Schreiner III began creating

7007-581: The ship Fram and reached Antarctica in January 1911. His party established a camp at the Bay of Whales and a series of supply depots on the Barrier (now known as the Ross Ice Shelf ) before setting out for the pole in October. The party of five, led by Amundsen, became the first to reach the South Pole on 14 December 1911. Following a failed attempt in 1918 to reach the North Pole by traversing

7098-698: The state large mammal. In the 21st century, Texas Longhorns from elite bloodlines can sell for $ 40,000 or more at auction. The record of $ 380,000 on March 18, 2017, was for a cow, 3S Danica, and heifer calf at side, during the Legacy XIII sale in Fort Worth, Texas . Registries for the breed include: the Texas Longhorn Breeders Association of America , founded in 1964 by the Kerr County rancher Charles Schreiner III;

7189-652: The steers crossed the Red River at Doan's Crossing . The attack was so authentic that the steers stampeded with cowboys in close pursuit. Four hours were needed to reassemble the herd. In 1976, Texas Tech University in Lubbock persuaded Schreiner to stage a cattle trail drive to celebrate its new National Ranching Heritage Center . In 1995, the Texas Legislature designated the Texas Longhorn as

7280-601: The time of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus until about 1512. The first cattle were landed in 1493 on the Caribbean island of La Isla Española (now known as Hispaniola ) to provide food for the colonists. Over the next two centuries, the Spaniards used the cattle in Mexico and gradually moved them north to accompany their expanding settlements. The Spaniards reached the area that became known as "Texas" near

7371-569: The transport of goods and to wear animal skins in lieu of heavy, woolen parkas, which could not keep out the cold when wet. Leaving Gjoa Haven, he sailed west and passed Cambridge Bay , which had been reached from the west by Richard Collinson in 1852. Continuing to the south of Victoria Island , the ship cleared the Canadian Arctic Archipelago on 17 August 1905 . It had to stop for the winter before going on to Nome on Alaska's Pacific coast. The nearest telegraph station

7462-581: The west side of Liv Glacier. It stands 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) northeast of Mount Wells at the southeast end of Prince Olav Mountains. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Donald W. Roe, Jr., of US Navy Squadron VX-6, a member of the 1961 winter party at McMurdo Station and squadron safety officer in the 1962-63 season. 85°05′S 169°06′W  /  85.083°S 169.100°W  / -85.083; -169.100 . A conspicuous peak, 1,425 metres (4,675 ft) high, located 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) northeast of Mount Wells, on

7553-529: The west. Features extending northwest of the range, just east of the Shackleton Glacier, include: 84°35′S 175°40′W  /  84.583°S 175.667°W  / -84.583; -175.667 . A group of rocky spurs at the east side of the terminus of Shackleton Glacier in the foothills of the Queen Maud Mountains. Discovered by the United States Antarctic Service (United States Antarctic Service) (1939–41), and named by

7644-691: The whole course of my life". Amundsen joined the Belgian Antarctic Expedition as first mate at the age of 25 in 1897. This expedition, led by Adrien de Gerlache using the ship the RV Belgica , became the first expedition to overwinter in Antarctica. The Belgica , whether by mistake or design, became locked in the sea ice at 70°30′S off Alexander Island , west of the Antarctic Peninsula . The crew endured

7735-534: Was 500 mi (800 km) away in Eagle . Amundsen traveled there overland to wire a success message on 5 December, then returned to Nome in 1906. Later that year he was elected to the American Antiquarian Society . Amundsen learned of the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden , and that he had a new king. The explorer sent the new king, Haakon VII , news that his traversing

7826-563: Was adapted into the TV serial The Last Place on Earth . It aired in 1985 and features Sverre Anker Ousdal as Amundsen. On 15 February 2019, a biographic Norwegian film titled Amundsen , directed by Espen Sandberg , was released. At least two Inuit in Gjøa Haven with European ancestry have claimed to be descendants of Amundsen, from the period of their extended winter stay on King William Island from 1903 to 1905. Accounts by members of

7917-474: Was aged 21. He promptly quit university for a life at sea. Amundsen was in the Uranienborg neighbourhood an occasional childhood playmate of the pioneering Antarctica explorer Carsten Borchgrevink . When he was fifteen years old, Amundsen was enthralled by reading Sir John Franklin 's narratives of his overland Arctic expeditions. Amundsen wrote "I read them with a fervid fascination which has shaped

8008-527: Was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found. In 2004 and in late August 2009, the Royal Norwegian Navy used the unmanned submarine Hugin 1000 to search for the wreckage of Amundsen's plane. The searches focused on a 40-square-mile (100 km ) area of the sea floor, and were documented by the German production company ContextTV. They found nothing from

8099-409: Was called off that September. Amundsen was born into a family of Norwegian shipowners and captains in Borge , between the towns Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg . His parents were Jens Amundsen and Hanna Sahlqvist. Roald was the fourth son in the family. His mother wanted him to avoid the family maritime trade and encouraged him to become a doctor, a promise that Amundsen kept until his mother died when he

8190-595: Was said to have ignored romantic relationships in pursuit of his goals. He "found little use in activities that didn't help him fulfill his polar ambitions". Owing to Amundsen's numerous significant accomplishments in polar exploration, many places in both the Arctic and Antarctic are named after him. The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station , operated by the United States Antarctic Program , was jointly named in honour of Amundsen and his British rival Robert Falcon Scott . The Amundsen crater on

8281-568: Was to the northeasterly direction over the Kara Sea . Amundsen planned to freeze the Maud into the polar ice cap and drift towards the North Pole ;– as Nansen had done with the Fram  – and he did so off Cape Chelyuskin . But, the ice became so thick that the ship was unable to break free, although it was designed for such a journey in heavy ice. In September 1919,

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