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50-789: It was bought out by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1939 and its facilities became known as the company's Southwark brewery. The brewery produced Nathan beer ( Nathan Bitter ), named after a new type of beer making equipment introduced in 1927 (later renamed Southwark Bitter by the SA Brewing Co.). The first brewery in Walkerville was founded in 1847 by William Colyer and William Williams , reported by one source to be South Australia's first licensed publican, William Williams had been general storekeeper, auctioneer, first licensed victualer, landlord of

100-775: A Japan-based beverage company. It manufactures West End Draught beer. The company was created in 1888 as the South Australian Brewing, Malting, and Wine and Spirit Company , from an amalgamation of the West End Brewery (in Hindley Street , Adelaide city centre ), the Kent Town Brewery , and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell & Simms. In 1938 the company took over the Walkerville Brewery , whose main site

150-696: A chimney in the two teams' colours would continue at the Hoffmann Kiln at the Brickworks Marketplace in nearby Torrensville from 2021, with the cost of the painting continuing to be borne by Lion. SA Brewing was the original sponsor of the "Showdown" in the Australian Football League in 1997, and is one of the sponsors of the "Slowdown" charity football match. Henry Ayers Sir Henry Ayers (now pron. "airs") GCMG (1 May 1821 – 11 June 1897)

200-612: A closed brewing system in cylindro-conical vessels, in which the beer was exposed to fewer contaminants during its production, and the brewing time was much reduced. Patented first in the United States in 1908, the system was refined over the following two decades. In November 1925 the Walkerville Co-op signed an agreement with the Nathan Institute of Zǔrich for the installation of a "Nathan patent" plant at

250-527: A law office in 1832. Less than a month after his marriage in 1840, he emigrated with his wife, Anne (née Potts), to South Australia , as a carpenter, with free passages. Until 1845, he worked as a law clerk, and was then appointed secretary of the South Australian Mining Association , which owned the copper mine at Burra Burra . Henry Roach was chief Captain, responsible for day-to-day operations, from 1847 to 1867. Within

300-667: A new listed company named Southcorp . One of Southcorp's major assets was " Southcorp Wines ", (acquired from the Adelaide Steamship Company in 1990), and subsequently acquired by Lion Nathan's main Australian rival, the Foster's Group . West End Draught was the largest selling beer in South Australia in 2007. West End Draught is a 4.5% abv pale lager , first brewed in 1859. In October 2020 it

350-410: A year the mine employed over 1000 men. For nearly 50 years, Ayers was in control of the operation, known as the "Monster Mine", initially as the secretary and later as the managing director. He made his wealth from the mine, which also secured the wealth of the colony of South Australia . On 9 March 1857, Ayers was elected to the first South Australian Legislative Council under responsible government,

400-763: The Kent Town Brewery , became chairman of the board and general manager of SA Brewing; Stock died in 1904 and Samuel Jacobs served from 1904 to 1937. Jacobs' son (later Sir) Roland Jacobs was managing director from 1948 to 1967. The black and red colours of the SA Brewing Company came about after the West Adelaide Football Club (whose colours are black and red) defeated Port Adelaide in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) 1911 Grand Final, and defeated VFL premiers Essendon in

450-521: The South Australian Heritage Register on 20 May 2021. Its significance is described thus: Significance The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower built in 1886, enlarged in 1898-1899 and then doubled in size in 1901-1903, demonstrates important associations with the brewing industry in South Australia and 135 years of brewing at the site. The introduction of brewhouse towers in the late nineteenth century enabled brewers to implement

500-535: The Torrens was used as cellars. The "tunnel to Warwick St" story has elsewhere been debunked, and identified as nothing but drains. (filled in c. 1970 preparatory to erecting the Highways Department building). James Thompson was the brewer. Another brewery was constructed before 1855 on Lots 66 and 67,. It was initially owned by James Thomson and George Ball was brewer, who with George Huntley took over

550-448: The 8.4 hectares (21 acres) Thebarton site from Lion Nathan for $ 61.5 million in 2023, intending to develop it with over 1,000 homes, of which 20% would be economical residential. The site is within 2   km of the CBD, and is well serviced by trams. The West End Brewery chimney tower has been heritage-listed and will be preserved when the site is redeveloped. The tradition of painting

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600-471: The Championship of Australia play-off at Adelaide Oval shortly afterwards in the same year. In 1927 T. A. Nation was the brewer and G. B. Bryant the general manager. His board of directors comprised S. J. Jacobs (later managing director), Sir Lancelot Stirling , K.C.M.G., Edward Fitzgerald, LL.D., and H. W. Morphett. The Walkerville Cooperative Brewery , which produced the popular Nathan beers,

650-496: The City-Bridge Hotel, and common brewer. later research suggests that he was the second to be licensed and the third brewer in the colony. The partnership was dissolved late the same year, and Colyer returned to England. Williams commissioned architect Thomas Price in 1846 to erect buildings, including malthouse , store and other buildings on William St (now Walkerville Tce) Lot 41. A series of three tunnels running to

700-740: The Co-operative in 1895 to manage the East Adelaide Brewery, a two-storey establishment which the newly revived E. Clark & Co. built on the south side of the River Torrens, on Walkerville Road (now Stephen Terrace). The probable location is about 1   km south of the Walkerville Brewery. E. Clark & Co. was founded with twelve shareholders inc. William Warren, James Wells, and Eliza Dreyer as Clark & Co., became Clark, Ware & Co. before absorbing

750-1173: The General Gordon Hotel, was bought by the Arthur, Charles and Thomas Ware, who sold to Walkerville Brewery in 1898. Frequently spelled "Torrensside", the brewery was founded by the Port Road Southwark, now Thebarton , on the banks of the River Torrens in 1886 by A. W. & T. L. Ware, and produced Southwark brand beer . Their first customer was the Exchange Hotel, operated by their brothers George and Boxer. The Ware brothers were sons of Charles James Ware (c. 1824 – 19 December 1891) who arrived in SA aboard Augustus in November 1846 and married Fanny Crawford (1829 – 7 April 1898) on 22 August 1859. Fanny arrived with her parents aboard D'Auvergne in March 1839. Fanny

800-623: The Hindley Street building. From 1949, the brewery was again renamed Southwark Brewery, administration was centralised at Hindley Street, and in November 1951 Walkerville's Nathan beer (Bitter) was renamed Southwark beer (Bitter). "Southwark Bitter" (actually a lager ) became the most well-known product. From 1955 operations were split between the company's two major factories, with the West End Brewery in Hindley Street making only draught beer in kegs ; bottled beer only

850-624: The Torrenside Brewery (established 1886) and the Walkerville Co-Operative Brewing Company (established 1889). The Torrenside and Walkerville breweries amalgamated in 1898 with brewing continuing at the Thebarton site. The Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company was SABCo's biggest competitor and the other major South Australian brewer during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It

900-671: The Wares' Torrenside Brewery, which took place in April 1898, their owners combining as Clark, Ware & Co. The East Adelaide premises were closed and the Torrenside brewery at Southwark expanded. In 1899 the activities of the Walkerville Brewing Company and Clark, Ware & Co. combined as Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company at Southwark. Additional buildings were erected at the site. The old Walkerville Brewery

950-433: The brewery chimney with the team colours of the South Australian National Football League (SANFL) premiership team began in 1954, when a West Adelaide player and employee Clarrie Cannon suggested painting the chimney in the West Adelaide Football Club colours, red and black, as the West End Brewery (then still in Hindley Street ) was located in their territory. General manager C. R. Aitken agreed, but only if West Adelaide

1000-603: The brewery in 1868. Williams was found insolvent 1851, but had his certificate annulled in 1853 and died 1857. Lot 41 was purchased by Nathaniel. P. Levi in October 1842. Edmund Levi, (son of N. P. Levi who died 1843) took over management of Walkerville Brewery in 1853, leasing it to one James Thomson, brewer and proprietor of nearby Sussex Arms Inn. In January 1860 fire destroyed the malthouse , which had been leased to Richard Goss (died 1869), who sold malt to Simms as well as to Thomson. In 1854 Thomson relinquished his share of

1050-602: The brewing facilities at West End and centring the malting work at Kent Town . It began a campaign of purchasing hotels freehold or leasehold, and by the end of the 1880s had a stranglehold on the Adelaide market, owning 44 hotels and leasing 65. In 1893 they sold off their wine and spirit business to A. E. & F. Tolley Pty Ltd and Milne & Co. , and the name was changed to South Australian Brewing Company, Limited. Robert Stock, Edwin Smith's brother-in-law and manager of

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1100-453: The business and in October left the partnership to White & Phillips who shortly went bankrupt. Thomson was found insolvent in 1864 and jailed for two months. He was not clearly related to James Turnbull Thomson , brewer and founder of Balhannnah , who had more than his share of financial failures. Around 1862 Ball & Huntley took over Thomson's defunct brewery, named it the "Black Horse Brewery". and began brewing there again, purchasing

1150-506: The company's brewery at Southwark, and has been claimed as the first Australian adopter of the system. The installation of the new equipment required the construction of additional buildings to accommodate it, with beer production using the new system beginning in late 1927. A formal opening ceremony took place in January 1928. (However Nathan's process was in operation at Peter Grant Hay 's Richmond N.S. Brewery in 1927, so although they signed

1200-494: The contract earlier, Southwark brewery was the second in Australia to implement the system.) Nathan Bitter, thee first beer brewed using the new process, was immediately popular, and was marketed around the whole country. However, the Walkerville company made substantial losses in the year 1928–29, and the South Australian Brewing Company was dominating the market at that time. The Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company Ltd.

1250-406: The first Dutton cabinet. This ministry resigned just 11 days later however, as council demanded that it should have an executive minister to represent the government and Dutton refused. Ayers formed his first ministry as Premier and Chief Secretary on 15 July 1863. The house was much divided and it was almost impossible to get business done. Ayers reconstructed his ministry on 22 July 1864 but

1300-480: The gravitational method of brewing and were once a key element of the larger South Australian breweries. The consolidation and closure of many breweries in the twentieth century and the adoption of newer methods of brewing have led to these structures becoming uncommon. The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower is one of a few remaining and one of the largest examples of a brewhouse tower in South Australia. The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower also demonstrates important associations with

1350-406: The old Walkerville Brewing Company. The product proved so popular the factory's capacity had to be doubled a year later. In 1897 a bottling plant was installed and production capacity doubled again. By 1898 the East Adelaide Brewery was contracted to supply fifty "free houses", and once again a doubling of capacity was deemed necessary to keep up with demand. It was decided instead to amalgamate with

1400-425: The profits depended on the amount of trade they did with the company. The company merged with Clark and Ware 's company and its operations moved to Southwark , but the Walkerville Brewery had one last spasm when it was resurrected by Charles Williams in 1901 and operated for five more years before closing for the last time; see below for more information. In 1896 the hotel now known as The Griffins , then called

1450-468: The property in 1870. Their malthouse was destroyed by fire on 5 June 1871. Ball died in 1882 and Huntley continued operating the brewery until 1890 when he retired. In 1889 the brewery was taken over and run as a co-operative by a consortium of four "free" hotel owners: Robert Hyman, John Selby Cocker, Samuel Harris, and Vincent Henry Simpson. The Walkerville Brewing Company was founded with 19 other shareholders, all publicans or hotel owners, whose share of

1500-531: The property sold, operations moved to the Southwark Brewery in Thebarton, which was rebadged "West End". The old Hindley Street building was demolished in 1983, and in 1993, Lion Nathan took over the West End brands. Prior to the acquisition of the brewing assets by Lion Nathan in 1993, SA Brewing split its brewing assets into "SA Brewing Holdings", and its diversified operations were formed into

1550-488: The runners-up. The tradition of painting the colours of the premier and runners-up was maintained at the Hindley Street premises until its closure in 1980, before transferring to the Thebarton site, which was rebadged "West End". It continued there until the last finals before the closure of the brewery in 2020, with the Woodville West Torrens Eagles colours aloft. The tradition of painting

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1600-514: The youngest member elected. He was continuously a member for over 36 years. For many years the whole colony formed a single electorate for the council; on two occasions (1865 and 1873) Ayers headed the poll. In March 1863 Ayers was selected as one of the three South Australian representatives at the inter-colonial conference on uniform tariffs and inland customs duties. He also represented the colony at several other conferences from 1864 to 1877. On 4 July 1863 Ayers became minister without portfolio in

1650-797: Was a long-term member and chairman of the board of trustees of the Savings Bank of South Australia , being re-appointed chairman only a few days before his death. He was the first chairman of the South Australian Gas Company , was a governor of the Adelaide Botanic Gardensfrom 1862, was president of the South Australian Old Colonists' Association, and was, for many years, on the council of the University of Adelaide . He

1700-475: Was also the first of its kind in South Australia to successfully run a brewery following the cooperative model. Other breweries operating in the late 1860s included: South Australian Brewing Company The South Australian Brewing Company, Limited was a brewery located in Thebarton , an inner-west suburb of Adelaide , South Australia. It is a subsidiary of Lion , which in turn is owned by Kirin ,

1750-579: Was announced that the Thebarton brewery would be closing in June 2021, with the loss of over 90 jobs. It finally closed at close of business on 17 June 2021, with about a third of the workforce, mainly those in sales and sponsorship roles, staying on with the company in South Australia. Artefacts in the on-site museum were catalogued and donated to the State Library of South Australia and other local institutions. The South Australian Government purchased

1800-582: Was at 107 Port Road, Thebarton (the original site of Torrenside Brewery established in 1886). The company's operations continued at its two breweries on Hindley Street and Thebarton, with the Thebarton site becoming known as the Nathan Brewery after the takeover in 1838, then again reverting to its former name, Southwark Brewery , before being rebadged the West End Brewery after the Hindley Street premises closed in 1980. The Thebarton brewery closed in June 2021. The South Australian Brewing Company

1850-556: Was bought out by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1938 and its facilities became the company's main brewery. Because Nathan Bitter was so popular, they renamed the brewery the Nathan Brewery, later (1949) being renamed to Southwark Brewery. Nathan beer (Bitter) was renamed Southwark beer (Bitter) in November 1951. The Walkerville Brewhouse Tower at 107 Port Road was provisionally added to

1900-847: Was changed to Adelaide Lager in 1914 amid the anti-German sentiment that swept Australia and resulted in wholesale changing of German-sounding place names . The Walkerville Co-Operative Brewing Co. continued its growth and by the end of World War I was the largest brewery in South Australia. In September 1925 Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company, Limited, was first listed on the Adelaide Stock Exchange . Directors were Charles Boxer Ware, Frederick James Blades, Vincent Henry Simpson, and William Walter Warren. The company absorbed Haussen's Brewery in 1926; Haussen & Co. retained ownership of its string of hotels. Leopold Nathan (born 30 July 1864 in Württemberg , Germany) invented

1950-432: Was defeated, and resigned on 4 August 1864. The Blyth ministry which was then formed included Ayers as chief secretary, but did not survive a general election and resigned on 22 March 1865. When Dutton formed his second ministry, Ayers regained his old position as chief secretary and, still retaining that office, formed his third administration on 20 September 1865, which lasted just over a month. In spite of dissolutions, it

2000-523: Was elected President of the South Australian Legislative Council and, until December 1893, carried out his duties with ability, impartiality and courtesy. He died in Adelaide on 11 June 1897. His wife had died in 1881, and he was survived by three sons and a daughter. He was created a CMG in 1870, knighted a KCMG in 1872, and raised to GCMG in 1894. Apart from his mining interests, Ayers held important directorates and

2050-956: Was established in February 1888 as the South Australian Brewing, Malting, and Wine and Spirit Company by the amalgamation of Sir Edwin Thomas Smith 's Kent Town Brewery , William Knox Simms 's West End Brewery and the wine and spirit merchants Rounsevell & Simms (Ben Rounsevell and Alfred Simms). The managing directors of the new company were Robert Alfred Stock , Alfred Simms, and W. B. (Ben) Rounsevell. Provisional directors were Edwin Smith, W. K. Simms, W. B. Rounsevell, R. A. Stock, Alfred Simms, Charles H. T. Hart , and Frank Rymill of Adelaide, and Hon. N. Fitzgerald , John Robb , Malcolm McEacharn , John B. Watson , and John McIlwraith (brother of Thomas McIlwraith ), of Melbourne . The new company set about enlarging

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2100-497: Was found very difficult to get a workable house. 18 ministries came and went between July 1863 and July 1873. Ayers became the premier again from May 1867 to September 1868, October to November 1868, 27 January 1872 to March 1872 and, with an entirely new team of ministers, from March 1872 to July 1873. He held the position of chief secretary in the Colton ministry from June 1876 to October 1877, his last term of office. In 1881, Ayers

2150-534: Was in parliament for an unbroken term of 37 years and in no other Australian colony or state has a politician exercised so much influence or been in so many ministries while a member of the upper house. It is likely, however, that if Ayers had been in the House of Assembly he would have had more control of business, and his seven premierships would have been longer in duration and more fruitful in results. An address he gave on Pioneer Difficulties on Founding South Australia

2200-522: Was produced in the Thebarton plant. Until 1974, when the Whitlam government revised the Trade Practices Act , they were legally able to dispense only the company's beer in their pubs. In 1980, faced with mounting problems with traffic on West Terrace and ageing and inefficient equipment, not to mention the rapidly increasing value of City land, the original West End Brewery closed and

2250-488: Was published as a pamphlet in 1891. Ayers resided in Ayers House from 1855 until 1897 and, in the 1860s, expanded it from a nine-room house into a grand mansion. His youngest child, Lucy, was born there. During Sir Henry's parliamentary service, Ayers House was used for cabinet meetings, parliamentary dinners, and grand balls. Henry Ayers married Anne Potts (1812 – 13 August 1881) at Alverstokein around 1839. Anne

2300-473: Was taken over by its erstwhile head brewer Charles Williams in 1901 and operated successfully as "Williams' Walkerville Brewery", with outlets at the Tea Tree Gully Hotel and perhaps a few others not tied to either of the two combines, no doubt to the chagrin of the Co-operative, which bought out the company in 1906. A popular drink produced by the Walkerville Co-op was König Lager, whose name

2350-421: Was taken over by the South Australian Brewing Company in 1938, after which operations were concentrated on the old Torrenside Brewery (established 1886, a precursor of Walkerville Brewery). The brewery was renamed Nathan Brewery to remove the Walkerville's "Southwark" branding in 1939. In 1941, architect F. Kenneth Milne (who was contracted to the company from 1912 until 1946 ) was responsible for upgrading

2400-716: Was the daughter of William Crawford, Builder. Charles ran the Burra Hotel, then in 1868 took over the Exchange Hotel, owned by Sir Henry Ayers . Edward Clark, son of W. H. Clark , was brewer for the Murray Brewery in Goolwa in the 1880s, formed E. Clark & Co. in Adelaide with one A. Wheelwright, was found insolvent in 1889 through lack of capital, then served as brewer for the Walkerville Co-operative Brewing Company. He left

2450-576: Was the eighth Premier of South Australia , serving a record five times between 1863 and 1873. His lasting memorial was in the name Ayers Rock , now better-known as Uluru, which was named in 1873 by the explorer William Gosse . Ayers was born at Portsea , Portsmouth , Hampshire, England, the son of William Ayers, of the Portsmouth dockyard, and Elizabeth, née Breakes. Educated at the Beneficial Society's School (Portsea) he entered

2500-409: Was the winning team that year. However Port Adelaide Football Club coach and captain, Fos Williams , said that he expected his team to win, and the men agreed that if Port Adelaide won, their colours would be painted on the chimney. Port Adelaide won that year , so the chimney was painted in black and white vertical stripes, but Williams suggested that a red stripe be painted below the black to honour

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