The Nissan AD is a subcompact van and wagon built by Nissan since 1982. The AD is sold under a different name when manufactured as a passenger car, called the Nissan Wingroad ( Japanese : 日産・ウィングロード , Hepburn : Nissan Wingurōdo ) .
122-594: In October 1982, the AD Van supplemented (and also gradually replaced) the commercial delivery vans based on Nissan's other vehicles. In 1983, the Nissan Cedric van was discontinued, as was the Nissan Gloria van . It originally came with four front doors and a liftback hatch in back. In July 1983, a two-door version was introduced, meaning that the earlier B310 Sunny Van could finally be retired. The AD range
244-621: A 4WD version. The Wingroad shares a MacPherson strut front suspension with the other Nissan C-Segment cars of the era, such as the B15 Sunny/Sentra and the N16 Almera/Pulsar. In most models, the rear suspension consisted of a beam axle with coil springs and panhard rod . The four-wheel drive versions and the ZV-S FWD variant used a multi-link rear suspension . All variants were fitted with ventilated disc brakes in
366-560: A NAPS badge on the trunk lid. In South Africa, the car was sold as the Datsun 260C with a 96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) version of the L26 engine; this engine (still of 2.6 liters) was upgraded to produce 110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp) in late 1975 when the car was somewhat confusingly renamed the Datsun 300C . The four-door sedan and two-door hardtop were available, and the interior
488-403: A dictaphone , stereo and cruise control buttons integrated into a fixed position steering wheel hub, and sonar-based backup sensors installed in the rear bumper. Rear seat passengers were also pampered, with the ability to control the stereo and climate control functions from a control pad located at the leading edge of the rear seat armrest, that could be dislodged from the armrest and function as
610-404: A self-levelling suspension for the rear wheels on hardtop and sedan top trim packages. They also introduced " Super Sonic Suspension " system, which featured a sonar module mounted under the front bumper that scanned the road surface and adjusted the suspension accordingly via actuators mounted on all four MacPherson strut towers. There was also a switch next to the steering wheel that allowed
732-639: A sports sedan / coupe , whereas the Nissan Gloria was turned into a sporty version of the Cedric (with identical styling but using a different radiator grille and front & rear light clusters). In Japan, the Cedric/Gloria series was affectionately called CedGlo , and this long-running series finally came to an end in October 2004, replaced by the Nissan Fuga . The Cedric name is still in use, on
854-667: A Nissan. It did not sell well and only a handful are known to exist in the United States. The Cedric Special was produced between 1963 and 1965 as competition to the Toyota Crown , Isuzu Bellel , Mitsubishi Debonair and Prince Gloria . Production began in time for the 1964 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo in October 1964. It was a long-wheelbase version of the H31 series Cedric Custom, lengthened 145 mm (5.7 in) to fit
976-474: A door has an effect on production logistics, temperature and pressure control. High-speed cleanroom doors, usually consisting of a transparent material on a stainless steel frame, are used in pharmaceutical industries to allow passage between work areas while admitting minimal contaminants. The powerful high-speed doors have a smooth surface structure and no protruding edges, allowing minimal particle retention and easy cleaning. High-speed doors are made to handle
1098-461: A double door. At Kuffeir near Bostra in Syria, Burckhardt found stone doors, 2.74 to 3.048 m (8.99 to 10.00 ft) high, being the entrance doors of the town. In Etruria many stone doors are referred to by Dennis. Ancient Greek and Roman doors were either single doors, double doors, triple doors, sliding doors or folding doors , in the last case the leaves were hinged and folded back. In
1220-769: A few. When the Nissan Stagea was discontinued June 2007, the Wingroad/AD van was the only station wagon still built by Nissan, with Nissan instead introducing a number of new MPV's, such as the Nissan Lafesta , the Nissan Presage , and the Nissan Elgrand . In December 2008, the AD Van is now available with the HR16DE engine and the e4WD all wheel drive system. In the same month, the last of
1342-585: A four-speed manual transmission. The Pulsar van weighed 840 kg (1,852 lb) and had a payload rating of 540 kg (1,190 lb). The second-generation AD Van (sold as the Y10/N14 Wagon in Europe), introduced in October 1990, replaced the Nissan Sunny B13 series wagon, but with a different rear end compared to exported standard Sunny wagons. The vehicle continued as the AD Van, and as
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#17327905748131464-467: A generator, and a new starter system. The Cedric 1500 Standard, first introduced in October 1962, was dropped after 1964. The last change was the adoption of a new grille for the 1965 model year. This generation was imported to the United States around 1963 and 1965. Unlike other cars sold by Nissan before their global rebranding, which were sold as Datsuns in North America, the Cedric was sold as
1586-578: A hand-held remote, along with separate reclining seat and backrest combined with a cellphone located inside the armrest compartment. The Wagon and Van versions continued in production after the introduction of the succeeding Y31, Y32, and Y33 versions, with the Wagon version ending production in August 1999. The wagon trim packages were the V20E SGL at the top, with an optional DI-NOC woodgrain appearance ,
1708-469: A high number of openings, generally more than 200,000 a year. They must be built with heavy-duty parts and counterbalance systems for speed enhancement and emergency opening function. The door curtain was originally made of PVC, but was later also developed in aluminium and acrylic glass sections. High-speed refrigeration and cold-room doors with excellent insulation values have also been introduced for green and energy-saving requirements. In North America,
1830-404: A key to open, going from outside to inside, or from public to private). It is important to get the hand and swing correct on exterior doors, as the transom is usually sloped and sealed to resist water entry, and properly drain. In some custom millwork (or with some master carpenters), the manufacture or installer bevels the leading edge (the first edge to meet the jamb as the door closes) so that
1952-548: A late 1950s commuter train from Japan, the Tobu JNR 151). The taillights were the same as the Datsun Bluebird 312 . and was considered a six-seater. April 1962 saw the introduction of a station wagon–van, able to seat eight people. The twin-stacked headlight approach, which first appeared on large North American and European vehicles in the late 1950s, was a novel approach to suggest size and luxurious accommodations, and
2074-623: A new appearance, called " coke bottle ," which began to appear internationally during the 1960s and 1970s. The four-door hardtop had a standard interior dome light and a secondary fluorescent lamp that extended from the front to rear passenger seats, attached to the ceiling for ambient purposes. The 2.4-litre engine was replaced with a larger 2.6-litre version to conform to emission regulations enacted in April 1973 without losing performance. Vehicles installed with Nissan's new emission control technology, including fuel-injected models, could be identified by
2196-520: A parallel plane, or by spinning along an axis at the center of the frame) to allow or prevent ingress or egress. In most cases, a door's interior matches its exterior side. But in other cases (e.g., a vehicle door ) the two sides are radically different. Many doors incorporate locking mechanisms to ensure that only some people can open them (such as with a key ). Doors may have devices such as knockers or doorbells by which people outside announce their presence. Apart from providing access into and out of
2318-498: A power failure. Architectural doors have numerous general and specialized uses. Doors are generally used to separate interior spaces (closets, rooms, etc.) for convenience , privacy , safety , and security reasons. Doors are also used to secure passages into a building from the exterior, for reasons of climate control and safety. Doors also are applied in more specialized cases: Panel doors, also called stile and rail doors, are built with frame and panel construction. EN 12519
2440-648: A private use (non-commercial) it was marketed as the Nissan Sunny California wagon (N14/Y10). The engines used were the 1.5 L and 1.3 L GA15DS & GA13DS with DOHC and the 1.7 L CD17 diesel continued. The Wingroad/AD Van were also accompanied by a larger retail/commercial station wagon/delivery van called the Nissan Avenir /Expert that replaced the Nissan Bluebird U12 wagon/delivery van. In 1996, Nissan added
2562-483: A resemblance to the 1956 Rambler and Fiat 2300 limousine, which made the car 18 cm (7 in) longer. In 1965, the pressed-steel tappet cover (valve cover) was replaced with an alloy version (same as the CSP311 Silvia). The taillights were smaller and resembled MG units. All models were equipped with white wall tires. The Cedric was updated again in 1964 with a new dashboard, an alternator rather than
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#17327905748132684-406: A solid timber frame, filled on one face, face with tongue and groove boards. Quite often used externally with the boards on the weather face. Flushing of a door means the door is flush with the face of the wall on either side. Generally, door swings , or handing, are determined while standing on the outside or less secure side of the door while facing the door (i.e., standing on the side requiring
2806-456: A space, doors may have the secondary functions of ensuring privacy by preventing unwanted attention from outsiders, of separating areas with different functions, of allowing light to pass into and out of a space, of controlling ventilation or air drafts so that interiors may be more effectively heated or cooled, of dampening noise , and of blocking the spread of fire . Doors can have aesthetic , symbolic , ritualistic purposes. Receiving
2928-421: A top choice for many homeowners, largely because of the aesthetic qualities of wood. Many wood doors are custom-made, but they have several downsides: their price, their maintenance requirements (regular painting and staining) and their limited insulating value (R-5 to R-6, not including the effects of the glass elements of the doors). Wood doors often have an overhang requirement to maintain a warranty. An overhang
3050-583: A winged and despoilered version of the AD Van, usually with more powerful engines. Four-wheel drive was optional. Unusually, the Wingroad also received a redesigned, larger rear end with a longer rear overhang. The Wingroad name originated as a trim level on the Bluebird U11-series wagon. April 1992 saw the introduction of the AD Max with an unusual raised cargo bay, called fourgonnette after
3172-404: Is a panel that fits into the doorway of a building , room , or vehicle . Doors are generally made of a material suited to the door's task. They are commonly attached by hinges , but can move by other means, such as slides or counterbalancing. The door may be able to move in various ways (at angles away from the doorway/portal, by sliding on a plane parallel to the frame, by folding in angles on
3294-552: Is a roof, porch area or awning that helps to protect the door and its finish from UV rays. Steel doors are another major type of residential front doors; most of them come with a polyurethane or other type of foam insulation core – a critical factor in a building's overall comfort and efficiency. Steel doors mostly in default comes along with frame and lock system, which is a high cost efficiency factor compared to wooden doors. Most modern exterior walls provide thermal insulation and energy efficiency , which can be indicated by
3416-404: Is activated: In addition to activation sensors, automatically opening doors are generally fitted with safety sensors. These are usually an infrared curtain or beam, but can be a pressure mat fitted on the swing side of the door. The safety sensor prevents the door from colliding with an object by stopping or slowing its motion. A mechanism in modern automatic doors ensures that the door can open in
3538-552: Is an early example of the 12th century in Lincoln . In France, the metalwork of the doors of Notre Dame at Paris is a beautiful example, but many others exist throughout France and England. In Italy, celebrated doors include those of the Battistero di San Giovanni (Florence) , which are all in bronze—including the door frames . The modeling of the figures, birds and foliage of the south doorway, by Andrea Pisano (1330), and of
3660-641: Is describing the terms which are officially used in European Member States. The main parts are listed below: Also known as ledges and braced, board and batten doors are an older design consisting primarily of vertical slats: As board and batten doors. Impact-resistant doors have rounded stile edges to dissipate energy and minimize edge chipping, scratching and denting. The formed edges are often made of an engineered material. Impact-resistant doors excel in high traffic areas such as hospitals, schools, hotels and coastal areas. This type consists of
3782-518: Is far less than the R-40 walls or the R-50 ceilings of super-insulated buildings – passive solar and zero-energy buildings . Typical doors are not thick enough to provide very high levels of energy efficiency. Many doors may have good R-values at their center, but their overall energy efficiency is reduced because of the presence of glass and reinforcing elements, or because of poor weatherstripping and
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3904-670: Is found in Verona , where the edges of the stiles and rails are beveled and notched. In the Renaissance period, Italian doors are quite simple, their architects trusting more to the doorways for effect; but in France and Germany the contrary is the case, the doors being elaborately carved, especially in the Louis XIV and Louis XV periods, and sometimes with architectural features such as columns and entablatures with pediment and niches,
4026-711: Is known as the hanging stile, the other as the middle or meeting stile. The horizontal cross pieces are the top rail, bottom rail, and middle or intermediate rails. The most ancient doors were made of timber, such as those referred to in the Biblical depiction of King Solomon's temple being in olive wood (I Kings vi. 31–35), which were carved and overlaid with gold. The doors that Homer mentions appear to have been cased in silver or brass. Besides olive wood, elm , cedar , oak and cypress were used. Two doors over 5,000 years old have been found by archaeologists near Zürich, Switzerland. Ancient doors were hung by pintles at
4148-637: Is shared with the Japanese market Nissan Sunny B15 as well. The second generation Wingroad received a facelift in October 2001, with a sleeker front end and a new interior. The Wingroad version slotted in Nissan's product range between the Nissan Bluebird and the Primera , available with the 1.5 L QG15DE , the 1.8 L QG18DE and the 2.0 L SR20VE engines. The 1.8 L exists only as
4270-449: Is sometimes the case in trains or airplanes, such as for the door to the toilet, which opens inward. It is often useful to have doors which slide along tracks, often for space or aesthetic considerations. A bypass door is a door unit that has two or more sections. The doors can slide in either direction along one axis on parallel overhead tracks, sliding past each other. They are most commonly used in closets to provide access one side of
4392-703: Is unrelated to the Familia passenger car range, and kept the Familia name after the car range was replaced by the Axela (Mazda3) . Engines available for the AD Van were the 2.2 L YD22 diesel, 1.3 L QG13DE , the 1.5 L QG15DE , and the 1.8 L QG18DE (only with 4WD). The 1.8-litre option was upgraded to the QG18DEN designed to run on CNG for emissions reduction on January 14, 2000. The CNG option achieved 1,000 sales by July 24, 2002, however, CNG vehicles were no longer offered by December 3, 2008. The diesel engine
4514-664: The Austin A50 Nissan was building under license from Austin Motor Company of England, which was called the Nissan Austin, and also benefited from earlier vehicles built by Nissan, called the Datsun DB Series . The six-seater Cedric introduced Nissan's first monocoque body and a wrap-around windshield. The first Cedric featured two stacked headlights on either side of a large grille (inspired by
4636-519: The Energy Star label or the passive house standards. Premium composite (including steel doors with a thick core of polyurethane or other foam), fiberglass and vinyl doors benefit from the materials they are made from, from a thermal perspective. There are very few door models with an R-value close to 10 (the R-value measures how well a barrier resists the conductive flow of heat). This
4758-551: The L20 , was introduced in this generation Cedric. The modernized appearance was influenced by other Japanese luxury sedans of the period that introduced sleek, squared, and angular sedans, like the 1962 Toyota Crown and the 1964 Mitsubishi Debonair . Its appearance was not shared with the executive limousine flagship Nissan President and this generation of Cedric were both available at "Nissan Stores". In August 1966, Nissan Motor Company and Prince Motor Company merged. Starting in 1967,
4880-579: The Nissan Wingroad to the lineup. The Wingroad was offered with the SR20DE as well as the SR18DE and GA15DE, while the smallest 1.3 and the diesel option were not available. Trying to cash in on Japan's RV ("recreational vehicle", usually versions of existing vans and wagons combining a slight off-road vibe with sporty equipment) craze of the late 1990s. The Wingroad followed this recipe closely, being
5002-624: The Pantheon are similar in design, with narrow horizontal panels in addition, at the top, bottom and middle. Two other bronze doors of the Roman period are in the Lateran Basilica . The Greek scholar Heron of Alexandria created the earliest known automatic door in the first century AD during the era of Roman Egypt . The first foot-sensor-activated automatic door was made in China during
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5124-504: The Suzuki Alto Hustle . The AD Max was available with regular rectangular side windows or a more unusual triangular arrangement (pictured), as well as a panelled version of the latter. August 1993 saw minor changes, with the 1.3 L automatic transmission upgraded to a four-speed. The Wingroad transmission selections were either the four-speed automatic or a five-speed manual. The Wingroad JS trim level shares an appearance with
5246-408: The key to a door can signify a change in status from outsider to insider. Doors and doorways frequently appear in literature and the arts with metaphorical or allegorical import as a portent of change. The earliest recorded doors appear in the paintings of Egyptian tombs, which show them as single or double doors, each of a single piece of wood. People may have believed these were doors to
5368-460: The "E" represents fuel injection. Japanese buyers of the top level "SGL" models were liable for higher road taxes which justified the higher equipment levels and optional features added. October 1977 saw 1 million Cedrics produced. Halogen headlights were added in June 1976. As with the 230, the 330 was offered as a Sedan, Wagon/Van, Coupé, and rare pillarless Hardtop Sedan. The Datsun 220C Diesel
5490-460: The 1.3 and 1.5-litre carburetted E13S and E15S and the 1.7-litre CD17 diesel engine. The transmissions were either a four- or five-speed manual transmission, with the availability of a three-speed automatic for the bigger of the gasoline options. Power outputs for 1984 models in Japan are 75 PS (55 kW), 85 PS (63 kW), and 61 PS (45 kW) respectively. The rear suspension
5612-477: The 118 hp (88 kW) 2.8-litre K -Series straight-six engine (an H engine with two extra cylinders). The grille is different from the one on the 31 series; it features a badge that said "Cedric Special", and the Cedric Star emblem. The side badges said "Cedric" and "Special". On the trunk lid (on the left side) is a "2800" badge, on the right side is a "Cedric Special" badge. The gold trim pieces on
5734-763: The 11th and 12th centuries there are numerous examples of bronze doors, the earliest being one at Hildesheim , Germany (1015). The Hildesheim design affected the concept of Gniezno door in Poland. Of others in South Italy and Sicily, the following are the finest: in Sant'Andrea , Amalfi (1060); Salerno (1099); Canosa di Puglia (1111); Troia , two doors (1119 and 1124); Ravello (1179), by Barisano of Trani, who also made doors for Trani cathedral ; and in Monreale and Pisa cathedrals, by Bonano of Pisa. In all these cases
5856-409: The 2.2-liter diesel engine was still available in what was called the 220C ; this model was also sold as a sedan or van in Japan until it was cancelled with the 1981 facelift. This was the first generation Cedric with available four-wheel disc brakes, although drums all around were fitted to the cheapest versions. Styling was achieved with the cooperation of Pininfarina , providing a cleaner image than
5978-424: The 4-door hardtop, the front driver and passenger seat belt shoulder strap was connected at the top to the ceiling, however, the upper portion could be detached, with the shoulder strap resting on the driver's and front passenger's shoulder without the seat belt hanging from the ceiling. The upper part would then swing up to the ceiling and could be fastened into place. This arrangement provided an additional benefit to
6100-857: The Cedric was sold in various export markets, as the Datsun 2000/2300/2400 rather than "Nissan Cedric". There were three body styles available: a four-door sedan, five-door station wagon (Wagon Six from 1967, WP130, later WH130) and a five-door van (Van Six from 1968, also as Van Deluxe Six for 1970, VP130, later VH130) Trim levels offered were the four-cylinder 130 (later called Standard) for 1966–1967, as 130S for 1968–1970. The Deluxe Six (P130, 1967.5-1970), Custom Six (P130D, dropped after 1966, reintroduced in 1970 as H130V), Standard (later called Personal Six, P130S, G130S), Personal Deluxe Six (G130Q, H130Q, replaced Personal Six for 1970), Standard Diesel (later called Diesel, Q130), and Special Six (also called Super Six, H130 for 1966–1967, G130 for 1969–1970, G130V for 1968 Super Six). In 1967, there were 68 model variations of
6222-454: The Cedric. Unique to this generation, Nissan produced a police car installed with the Y40 V8 engine, and was the only time Nissan installed a V8 engine in the Cedric. Engines: This was the first Cedric that was available in versions no longer regarded as compact sedans under Japanese vehicle classification regulations , since the engines' displacement exceeded two litres. The 230 series
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#17327905748136344-586: The Custom. The only component that was identical to the Custom were the tail lights. The Mark I Special was produced in 1963, and was replaced by the Mark II in 1964. The Mark II was mostly the same as the Mark I except for a redesigned dashboard, new grille design (gold Cedric Star emblem and separate gold letters spelling "Special"), and rectangular reflectors below the tail lights (replacing the round reflectors used on
6466-738: The Door and Access Systems Manufacturing Association (DASMA) defines high-performance doors as non-residential powered doors characterized by rolling, folding, sliding or swinging action, that are either high-cycle (minimum 100 cycles/day) or high-speed (minimum 20 inches (508 mm)/second), and two out of three of the following: made-to-order for exact size and custom features, able to withstand equipment impact (break-away if accidentally hit by vehicle), or able to sustain heavy use with minimal maintenance. Automatically opening doors are powered open and closed either by electricity, spring, or both. There are several methods by which an automatically opening door
6588-576: The E11 Note's shorter rear), engines, transmission, suspension, etcetera, while differing superficially in design. Parts are compatible depending on the initial market. The Wingroad debuted November 14, 2005, with a preview at the 39th Tokyo Motor Show in October. Like the Tiida/Versa, it has a wheelbase of 2600 mm, and the new HR15DE and MR18DE engines along with the CR12DE. While the Wingroad
6710-483: The French designation, with two French doors in back and two doors for front passengers. The wheelbase was extended by 70 mm (2.8 in) to 2,470 mm (97.2 in), with the height of the cargo area measured to be 1,810 mm (71.3 in). Overall length also increased to 4,270–4,290 mm (168.1–168.9 in) Two rear wipers were installed on each of the French doors. Suzuki also tried this approach with
6832-640: The GA13DS and GA15DS versions for better emissions performance. the 2.0 L CD20 diesel engine was introduced with the ATTESA 4WD system, and ventilated front disc-brakes were introduced on all trim levels. The front windshield wipers were offered with a de-icer option. The Y10 platform was introduced to Thailand, Taiwan and Malaysia in September 1993 as the Nissan AD Resort. A pickup truck body version
6954-645: The Kennedy Space Center contains the four largest doors. The Vehicle Assembly Building was originally built for the assembly of the Apollo missions' Saturn vehicles and was then used to support Space Shuttle operations. Each of the four doors are 139 meters (456 feet) high. The oldest door in England can be found in Westminster Abbey and dates from 1050. In England in the 17th century
7076-519: The L28 engine climbed from 145 to 155 PS (107 to 114 kW); the L20E engine became equipped with ECCS as well at this time, which caused a slight power drop from 130 to 125 PS (96 to 92 kW) but with an increase in fuel economy. The diesel engine that had been first introduced with the previous generation was complemented by a 2.8 L inline-six diesel, a first for the Japanese market. This,
7198-562: The LD28, was introduced in October 1979, somewhat later than petrol versions, and remained in production until September 1985. It was uncommonly quiet and comfortable for a diesel of this period, and found a large proportion of private buyers. It was originally only available with an automatic transmission; a five-speed model arrived in February 1980 (Vans and Wagons only received the manual option three months later). Mainly for taxi and fleet use
7320-530: The Mark I). An automatic transmission, the Borg-Warner 35 , became available starting with the Mark II. The Mark II was produced in 1963 and 1964, and was replaced by the Mark III Special in 1964. The Mark III featured a new grille and tail lights from the 1965 31 Series Cedric. The Mark III Cedric Special was replaced by the Nissan President in 1965. Produced from 1965 through 1971, the P130 Cedric had Pininfarina bodywork and several new engine options on an all-new dedicated platform. Nissan's first OHC engine,
7442-442: The Mexican market) as there was no B13-based wagon, unlike the former B12 and B11 platforms. The Tsubame range featured two trim levels: GS and GST. The third series AD (Y11) began in May 1999, once again available only with a station wagon body, sold in the Japanese, New Zealand (badged as Pulsar) and Caribbean markets. It is mechanically related to the Nissan Sunny B15 series but has a different exterior design. The interior design
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#17327905748137564-413: The V20E/28D-6 GL, and the V20E Deluxe. Wagons (intended for private buyers) were mainly available with the 115 PS (85 kW) VG20E petrol unit and the 94 PS (69 kW) RD28 diesel engine (until March 1994). The rear compartment opposite the driver had a rear quarter window that could be opened or closed from the outside by inserting the ignition key in addition to opening the rear tailgate from
7686-411: The V6 engine gave the sedan a max speed of 190 km/h (118 mph), with 0–60 mph (97 km/h) being achieved in about 8.4 seconds, but was only available on base model trim packages. The sedan trim packages started with the V30 Turbo Brougham VIP, V30 Turbo/V30E Brougham, the V20 Turbo Brougham, the V20 Turbo/V20E/28D-6 SGL, the V20E Custom Deluxe, the Deluxe/28D-6 Deluxe and the Standard. On
7808-598: The Y30 was sold as the Yue Loong Cedric 811 with a 2-litre four, or as the Cedric 830 with the three-litre VG30 six. This generation saw the introduction of the PLASMA engine family VG series V6, which was inspired by an Alfa Romeo design due to a partnership that Nissan and Alfa Romeo had at the time with the Alfa Romeo Arna . The Cedric was offered in three bodystyles; four-door hardtop, four-door sedan and station wagon. The trim level packages were numerous and offered increasing amounts of technology and convenience features on top level platforms. The top level package for
7930-402: The Y31 series fleet vehicle traditionally used as a taxi, where it competes with the Toyota Comfort , and is still in production. Throughout the many versions of the Cedric, it was always considered to be the prime competitor to the Toyota Crown . The hood ornament was inspired by the diamond pattern used by Lincoln but was changed to two right angles set next to each other. The Cedric name
8052-452: The afterlife, and some include designs of the afterlife. In Egypt, where the climate is intensely dry, doors were not framed against warping, but in other countries required framed doors—which, according to Vitruvius (iv. 6.) was done with stiles (sea/si) and rails (see: Frame and panel ) , the enclosed panels filled with tympana set in grooves in the stiles and rails. The stiles were the vertical boards, one of which, tenoned or hinged ,
8174-433: The back. In 1993, Great Wall was able to make clones of the Y30 under the name CC1020. French doors A door is a hinged or otherwise movable barrier that allows ingress (entry) into and egress (exit) from an enclosure. The created opening in the wall is a doorway or portal . A door's essential and primary purpose is to provide security by controlling access to the doorway (portal). Conventionally , it
8296-403: The backyard. Such doors are also popular for use for the entrances to commercial structures, although they are not counted as fire exit doors. The door that moves is called the "active leaf", while the door that remains fixed is called the "inactive leaf". A high-speed door is a very fast door some with opening speeds of up to 4 m/s, mainly used in the industrial sector where the speed of
8418-411: The car remained unchanged. Nissan Cedric#Sixth generation Y30 The Nissan Cedric ( Japanese: 日産・セドリック , Nissan Sedorikku ) is a large automobile produced by Nissan from 1960 to 2015. It was developed to provide upscale transportation, competing with the Prince Skyline and Gloria which were later merged into the Nissan family. In later years, the Nissan Skyline was positioned as
8540-472: The church at Gisors (1575) are carved with figures in niches subdivided by classic pilasters superimposed. In St. Maclou at Rouen are three magnificently carved doors; those by Jean Goujon have figures in niches on each side, and others in a group of great beauty in the center. The other doors, probably about forty to fifty years later, are enriched with bas-reliefs , landscapes, figures and elaborate interlaced borders. NASA 's Vehicle Assembly Building at
8662-427: The class in the 80s (Mercedes S-Class, BMW 7 Series). Trimmed in moquette cloth, the car featured adjustable front seats, adjustable steering wheel, power steering, air conditioning, tinted windows, a LW/MW/FM stereo/cassette player, and the V30 3.0 L V6. The sedan featured the same independent front suspension as the wagon, but had a five-link suspension system for ride quality. Beginning June 1985, Nissan offered
8784-455: The closet at a time. Doors in a bypass unit overlap slightly when viewed from the front so they do not have a visible gap when closed. Doors which slide inside a wall cavity are called pocket doors . This type of door is used in tight spaces where privacy is also required. The door slab is mounted to roller and a track at the top of the door and slides inside a wall. Sliding glass doors are common in many houses, particularly as an entrance to
8906-421: The door fits tight without binding. Specifying an incorrect hand or swing can make the door bind, not close properly, or leak. Fixing this error is expensive or time-consuming. In North America, many doors now come with factory-installed hinges, pre-hung on the jamb and sills. While facing the door from the outside or less secure side, if the hinge is on the right side of the door, the door is "right handed"; or if
9028-400: The door panels were raised with bolection or projecting moldings, sometimes richly carved, around them; in the 18th century the moldings worked on the stiles and rails were carved with the egg-and-dart ornament . There are many kinds of doors, with different purposes: Most doors are hinged along one side to allow the door to pivot away from the doorway in one direction, but not
9150-467: The doorway being in plain masonry. While in Italy the tendency was to give scale by increasing the number of panels, in France the contrary seems to have been the rule; and one of the great doors at Fontainebleau , which is in two leaves, is entirely carried out as if consisting of one great panel only. The earliest Renaissance doors in France are those of the cathedral of St. Sauveur at Aix (1503). In
9272-409: The driver to change between "Auto", "Soft", "Medium" and "Hard" settings. The speed-sensitive rack-and-pinion power steering could also be separately reduced for a sporting feeling, and the suspension setting would modify both the steering feel and the shift points on the automatic transmission. The feature was only installed on V30 Turbo Brougham VIP sedans and hardtops. A five-speed manual gearbox and
9394-406: The east doorway by Ghiberti (1425–1452), are of great beauty. In the north door (1402–1424), Ghiberti adopted the same scheme of design for the paneling and figure subjects as Andrea Pisano, but in the east door, the rectangular panels are all filled, with bas-reliefs that illustrate Scripture subjects and innumerable figures. These may the gates of Paradise of which Michelangelo speaks. Doors of
9516-694: The eighth and ninth century, are wrought in bronze, and the west doors of the cathedral of Aix-la-Chapelle (9th century), of similar manufacture, were probably brought from Constantinople, as also some of those in St. Marks, Venice . The bronze doors on the Aachen Cathedral in Germany date back to about 800 AD. Bronze baptistery doors at the Cathedral of Florence were completed in 1423 by Ghiberti. (For more information, see: Copper in architecture ). Of
9638-602: The facility in Shonan . The 2.0 L SR20VE engine is replaced with the 2.0 L QR20DE . Various trim level packages were introduced on the Wingroad approximately every six months, including aero packages and limited offering names, such as "Aero Sport Limited". The commercial AD Van version continued to also be sold as the Mazda Familia Wagon and as the Subaru Leone (until March 2001). The Mazda version
9760-482: The floor plate to provide a wider transmission tunnel. At this time, the L20-engined van received a version of the engine which met the 1981 emissions standards; this model received the new chassis code V431. In February 1983, the "Excellence" trim was added to help sell the last 430 cars before the introduction of the new Y30, fitted with either the turbocharged or the fuel injected L20 engine. This model approached
9882-563: The front and drum brakes in the rear; the exception being the ZV-S which was fitted with non-ventilated disc brakes in the rear. From October 2000, the Wingroad was offered as a trim level called "G Extra" that included an optional TV screen that folded down from the ceiling for rear passengers. In March 2001, manufacturing operations were moved from the Nissan Shatai factory in Kyoto to
10004-425: The hanging stile had pivots at the top and bottom. The exact period when the builder moved to the hinge is unknown, but the change apparently brought about another method of strengthening and decorating doors—wrought-iron bands of various designs. As a rule, three bands with ornamental work constitute the hinges, with rings outside the hanging stiles that fit on vertical tenons set into the masonry or wooden frame. There
10126-525: The hanging stile was over 360 millimetres (14 in) diameter. Other sheathings of various sizes in bronze show this was a universal method adopted to protect the wood pivots. In the Hauran in Syria where timber is scarce, the doors were made of stone, and one measuring 1.63 by 0.79 m (64 by 31 in) is in the British Museum; the band on the meeting stile shows that it was one of the leaves of
10248-633: The hardtop was called the V30 Turbo Brougham VIP, followed by V30Turbo/V30E Brougham, V20 Turbo Brougham, V20 Turbo/V20E/28D-6 SGL, V20E/28D-6 GL, the V20 Turbo Urban X and the V20 Turbo Urban. The installation of a turbo was to provide better fuel economy and reduce tailpipe emissions as the Japanese pay a tax on the amount of emissions their car produces. The sedan was meant to target the German luxury executive cars that dominated
10370-411: The hinge is on the left, it is "left handed". If the door swings toward you, it is "reverse swing"; or if the door swings away from you, it is "normal swing". In other words: New exterior doors are largely defined by the type of materials they are made from: wood , steel , fiberglass , UPVC /vinyl, aluminum , composite, glass (patio doors) , etc. Wooden doors – including solid wood doors – are
10492-464: The hood were longer, and there was wheel arch and sill trim that was unique to the Cedric Special. The front bumper design is also different, with a raised section in the middle above the license plate. Due to the larger 2.8 L engine used in the Cedric Special, Japanese buyers are liable for a higher annual road tax which added to its exclusivity. The interior was slightly more luxurious than
10614-475: The junior sedan and coupe to the Gloria. The 230 series was offered in four-door sedan and wagon, and saw the introduction of a two-door coupé. The coupé " personal luxury car " was introduced as a result of the 1970 Toyota Crown hardtop coupé. In August 1972, a four-door hardtop sedan, with no B-pillar between the front and rear passenger side windows, was added to the options list. This generation introduced
10736-754: The larger Nissan Avenir Blastar , and both also use a two-tone paint scheme. Beginning in April 1994, the Y10 series AD van was also sold as the Subaru Leone and from August 1994 as the Mazda Familia Wagon/Van light commercial vehicle . The Subaru version was added as a result of the Leone platform having been replaced by the Subaru Impreza ; the Impreza has a reduced size cargo area on
10858-466: The lower panels there are figures 3 ft (0.91 m). high in Gothic niches , and in the upper panels a double range of niches with figures about 2 ft (0.61 m). high with canopies over them, all carved in cedar . The south door of Beauvais Cathedral is in some respects the finest in France; the upper panels are carved in high relief with figure subjects and canopies over them. The doors of
10980-524: The more compact (but still roomy) Laurel was now available with the same diesel engine and suited European needs better. Most of the information in this article was translated from the Nissan Cedric article on Japanese Misplaced Pages at ja:日産・セドリック . The Y30 was sold from 1984 through 1987. It used the 3.0 L (2,960 cc) VG30E V6 for the 300C private cars. The diesel engine was used for taxi in Japan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. In Taiwan,
11102-615: The more frugal 2- and 2.2-litre four-cylinder SD-series engines also remained available. These lower-spec models received four round headlights and the C-pillar window was made out of plastic rather than glass, So did the LPG-powered models with the 95 PS (70 kW) L20P engine. The two-door coupé was no longer offered, and was replaced by the Skyline -based Nissan Leopard luxury sports coupé. A four-door convertible version
11224-562: The mosques in Cairo were of two kinds: those externally cased with sheets of bronze or iron, cut in decorative patterns, and incised or inlaid, with bosses in relief; and those of wood-framed with interlaced square and diamond designs. The latter design is Coptic in origin. The doors of the palace at Palermo , which were made by Saracenic workmen for the Normans , are fine examples in good preservation. A somewhat similar decorative class of door
11346-467: The naturally aspirated 280E received electronic fuel injection and the ECCS (Electronic Concentrated Engine Control System) engine management system. All of these firsts helped the 430-series Cedric/Gloria becoming named Japan's Car of The Year of 1979. The trim level of SGL-F became available with the turbocharged engine from April 1981, which was also when the range received a facelift. At this time, power of
11468-639: The original AD Wagon. Thai cars mostly received the GA16DS engine with 95 PS (70 kW). In Mexico, only the station wagon body of the Y10 AD was marketed between 1993 and 2001, being named Nissan Tsubame (a Japanese term which refers the woodswallow bird species, and also the name of a city in Niigata, Japan). This model was introduced in 1993 as a local companion for the then recently launched B13-series saloon range (Sunny/Sentra, designated "Nissan Tsuru" in
11590-415: The other. The axis of rotation is usually vertical. In some cases, such as hinged garage doors , the axis may be horizontal, above the door opening. Doors can be hinged so that the axis of rotation is not in the plane of the door to reduce the space required on the side to which the door opens. This requires a mechanism so that the axis of rotation is on the side other than that in which the door opens. This
11712-585: The preceding Y11 series were finally taken out of production; CNG and 4WD versions of the Y11 had been built in parallel for a few years after the Y12 was introduced. Intelligent Key was added to the Wingroad September 11, 2006, and the Wingroad can be equipped with a GPS navigation package using HDD technology. The AD Van had been sold without passenger side airbag, but from May 2009 this became standard across
11834-581: The previous generation. The new model was a "six-light" design, with a small window in the C-pillar . The rear suspension was upgraded to a rigid link coil system. Beginning in August 1980, the six-cylinder 2.8-liter diesel was added to the Van and Wagon models in Japan. A lock-up torque converter was added to the four-speed automatic transmission, which was added in June 1982. This new transmission gave considerably better fuel economy, but did necessitate altering
11956-519: The range. In May 2013, the 1.2-liter engine option for the AD was discontinued. The AD Van received a facelift on November 30, 2016, and was renamed the NV150 AD to tie into the rest of Nissan's commercial vehicle lineup. The passenger-oriented Wingroad was discontinued on March 24, 2018. In May 2021, the name was reverted to Nissan AD once again. Specifications were altered somewhat, but the appearance of
12078-490: The rear seat passenger opposite the driver because the front passenger seat could be pushed forward with the head restraint removed, providing the rear seat passengers an unobstructed view through the front windshield, and both side view windows, adding to the luxurious feel of a hardtop luxury sedan. Nissan introduced a PIN activated keyless entry feature on the front exterior door handles. The doors could be unlocked, trunk opened and all windows retracted, as well as rolling up
12200-545: The reign of Emperor Yang of Sui (r. 604–618), who had one installed for his royal library. Gates powered by water featured in illustrations of the automatons of the Arab inventor Al-Jazari . Copper and its alloys were integral in medieval architecture. The doors of the church of the Nativity at Bethlehem (6th century) are covered with plates of bronze, cut out in patterns. Those of Hagia Sophia at Constantinople , of
12322-497: The same purpose, there was a version of the four-cylinder "H20" petrol engine which ran on LPG . The engines were further modified as emission control regulations were again adjusted in 1976, using the moniker Nissan NAPS . Trim levels offered were the Deluxe, Custom Deluxe, GL, GL-E, SGL, SGL-E, 2800SGL, and 2800SGL-E. The SGL Brougham also first appeared in this generation. The "SGL" designation stands for Senior Grade Level, and
12444-577: The second generation was introduced in 1990 with the Y10 series. The three-door van was also available as a strict two-seater. Nissan Australia sold the VB11 three-door panel van as part of the Nissan Pulsar range between September 1983 and December 1985, replacing the Sunny (B310) panel van that had been discontinued earlier in 1983. The Pulsar panel van was fitted with the 1.3-liter E13 engine and
12566-623: The time. Several models were available, including the Cedric 1500 DeLuxe and Standard (30), Cedric 1900 Deluxe (D30, powered by the 1.9 L Nissan H engine ), Cedric 1900 Custom (G30, also powered by the Nissan H engine), Cedric Van (V30, six-seater) and the Cedric Wagon (WP30, eight-seater). Only the Cedric Standard used a 1.5 L (1,488 cc) G-series I4 engine which produced 70 hp (52 kW). The 1.9 L (1,883 cc) H-series with 87 hp (65 kW)
12688-534: The tomb of Theron at Agrigentum there is a single four-panel door carved in stone. In the Blundell collection is a bas-relief of a temple with double doors, each leaf with five panels. Among existing examples, the bronze doors in the church of SS. Cosmas and Damiano , in Rome, are important examples of Roman metal work of the best period; they are in two leaves, each with two panels, and are framed in bronze. Those of
12810-495: The top Brougham's trim, but occupied a lower tax bracket and featured special two-tone paint. The 2.0-litre turbocharged L20ET first appeared in the Cedric and its sister car, the Gloria in December 1979, a first for the Japanese market. Production actually began two months earlier. To receive official approval of this engine, Nissan focused attention on the energy saving capacities of the turbo engine. In another first for Japan,
12932-722: The top and bottom of the hanging stile, which worked in sockets in the lintel and sill , the latter in some hard stone such as basalt or granite . Those Hilprecht found at Nippur , dating from 2000 BC, were in dolerite . The tenons of the gates at Balawat were sheathed with bronze (now in the British Museum ). These doors or gates were hung in two leaves, each about 2.54 m (100 in) wide and 8.2 m (27 ft) high; they were encased with bronze bands or strips, 25.4 cm (10.0 in) high, covered with repoussé decoration of figures. The wood doors would seem to have been about 7.62 cm (3.00 in) thick, but
13054-555: The wagon/five-door hatchback and was not suitable for a commercial derivative. The Subaru version was continued to be available in the Y11 generation but was discontinued in 2001, as the Sambar was encroaching on Leone sales. The Mazda Familia-badged AD derivatives continued to be offered in the succeeding generations until June 2018. April 1996 saw a driver-side airbag added as an extra-cost option. May 1997 saw minor cosmetic changes. The 1.3 and 1.5-liter GA13DE and GA15DE engines replaced
13176-421: The windows and locking the vehicle. The level of comfort, convenience items and chassis technology was vast in relation to other products offered at the time, and the buyer could choose from seemingly endless options. Some of the items included a digitally synthesized AM stereo/FM stereo radio tuner with the ability to listen to broadcast TV stations, and a cassette tape player with recording feature to function as
13298-475: Was also used on the 1961 Isuzu Bellel . The "31" series was produced from 1962 until 1965. The models from the 30 series carried over to the 31 series with the addition of a few new models, including the Cedric 1900 Standard (G31S) and a 2.0 L four-cylinder SD20 diesel (QGS31) from June 1964. Also new was a three-speed automatic transmission, sourced from Borg Warner , offered from July 1964. The new front with its horizontally mounted quad headlights shows
13420-675: Was available in Thailand as AD "Wingroad" (which was different from the Japanese-market Wingroad version). The Y10 was also built in Thailand under license as the Nissan NV. This was built on the longer wheelbase of the AD Max in a bewildering array of bodystyles to suit the Thai buyers' penchant for pickup trucks, including a double-cab ute . There was also a wagon version based on the pickup, essentially going full circle from
13542-647: Was available with 4WD from the beginning, the AD Vans originally only came with front-wheel drive. The transmission for the AD van and the Wingroad is a four-speed automatic or the optional CVT . From 2007, there is also a new Familia Cargo, based on the Y12 shape AD Van. The Y12 was introduced in late December 2008 as the Mitsubishi Lancer Cargo ( Japanese : Japanese Misplaced Pages entry ). The Wingroad received limited edition trim level packages, called "Rider α II", "Sport Acapello", "V Selection" to name
13664-808: Was based on the B11 series Nissan Sunny wagon but has a more square-rigged and utilitarian appearance. This wagon was sold in Japan as the Sunny AD Van at Nissan Satio Store and as the Pulsar AD Van at Nissan Cherry Store . It was also sold as the "Nissan Datsun AD Van", to tie it together with the Nissan Datsun , which was the name used for the Nissan Pickup in the Japanese Domestic Market. It came with three engines;
13786-546: Was commonly used as taxis in Singapore and Hong Kong. This model came with front bench seat and column-shift manual transmission. Engines: The 430 series was produced from 1979 through 1983. Engines largely carried over from the previous generation. Most export markets received the 2.8 L L28 OHC I6 or the new LD28 diesel version, and was called the Datsun 280C . For taxi use in Singapore and Hong Kong ,
13908-464: Was designed for commercial usage, so it used a simple leaf spring setup and wasn't intended for ride quality. Low cost, light weight, and a flat, low loading floor were the main consideration. The AD van was designed for very basic duties, and the options list was kept small to enhance economical use and running costs. The AD van used a front wheel drive engine configuration shared with the Sunny. The AD Van
14030-677: Was discontinued in 2001 as Japan actively discouraged the use of diesel vehicles within its cities. A driver-side airbag is now standard on both the AD Van and the Wingroad, with a passenger-side airbag optional. The AD Van Max was no longer offered. An all-new AD Van (Y12) debuted December 20, 2006, now using the Renault-Nissan B-platform . AD/Wingroad Y12 is almost the same car as the European/Japanese 2005-2013 Nissan Note E11 hatchback and Nissan Livina station wagon (Asia). Models fully share body (except for
14152-621: Was inspired by the main character, Cedric , in Frances Hodgson Burnett 's novel Little Lord Fauntleroy by the Nissan CEO at the time Katsuji Kawamata. The first Cedric was the "30" series, introduced in March 1960 and produced through 1962. It was available only at Japanese Nissan dealerships called Nissan Cedric Store . It was the first product labeled as a Nissan, but shared mechanicals with Datsun products built at
14274-533: Was made available in small numbers for special use. These were mainly bought by government entities for ceremonial use and the bodystyle was not offered on sale to the general public. The 430 series Cedric was assembled and sold in Taiwan as the Yue Loong Cedric 2.0 and 2.4. At first codenamed 806, it became the 807 after a minor facelift. This was the last Cedric to be sold in many European markets, as
14396-606: Was marketed as the Nissan Sunny in some European markets such as Belgium (glazed five-door), beginning with the 1984 model year. In the Netherlands this version was sold as a "Stationwagen" as well as a van, both with the 1.3-liter engine. The United Kingdom received three three-door panel van version with the 1.3-litre E13 engine and 60 hp (45 kW). Payload is 505 kg (1,113 lb). The AD van remained basically unchanged, except for minor cosmetic changes until
14518-623: Was only available with the diesel engine, aiming in particular at the taxi market. The Cedric was exclusive to Japanese Nissan dealership network called Nissan Store as the private ownership luxury sedan to the shorter Nissan Laurel , while the Nissan Gloria, manufactured by the Prince Motor Company , was exclusive to Nissan Prince Store locations after the merger with Nissan, with the Nissan Skyline serving as
14640-405: Was optional. A four-speed manual transmission with the top three gears synchronized was standard, with a three-speed manual fitted to 1900 versions. Diesel engines were supplied by newly acquired Minsei Diesel Industries, Ltd, which was renamed Nissan Diesel Motor Co., Ltd in 1960. All four-cylinder engines were shared with the redesigned Nissan Junior and Nissan Caball . The Cedric replaced
14762-492: Was released in 1971 and was produced through 1975. The Cedric was now being built at the Tochigi factory location. The suspension configuration remained the same type as used in the second generation. Front disc brakes were added to the standard equipment list for some versions. The Cedric name was dropped for most export markets, with the car now called the Datsun 200C , 220C , 240C , or 260C . In many European markets this car
14884-473: Was renewed along with the upgrade. The trim levels offered were the 2600 GL, the 2600 Custom Deluxe, and the Deluxe. Engines: Diesel: The 330 series Cedric was produced from 1975 through 1979. Again, it was sold as the Gloria as well in the domestic Japanese market; in the export it was marketed as the 200C , 220C , 260C , and 280C (after 1978). The diesel engine returned, mainly for taxi usage. For
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