101-593: The Toyota 86 and the Subaru BRZ are 2+2 sports cars jointly developed by Toyota and Subaru , manufactured at Subaru's Gunma assembly plant. The 2+2 fastback coupé has a naturally aspirated boxer engine , front-engined, rear-wheel-drive configuration, 53/47 front/rear weight balance and low centre of gravity; it was inspired by Toyota's earlier AE86 , a small, light, front-engine/rear-drive Corolla variant widely popular for Showroom Stock , Group A , Group N , Rally , Club and drift racing. For
202-434: A Triumph Spitfire and Ferrari 488 Pista can be considered sports cars, despite vastly different levels of performance. Broader definitions of sports cars include cars "in which performance takes precedence over carrying capacity", or that emphasise the "thrill of driving" or are marketed "using the excitement of speed and the glamour of the (race)track" However, other people have more specific definitions, such as "must be
303-399: A controversial choice for a "purist" sports car. The Elan sold poorly and was discontinued after three years. The 1996 Lotus Elise , a mid-engined, rear-wheel drive roadster, was much more successful and remained in production until 2021. Roadsters enjoyed a resurgence in the mid-1990s, including the 1989-present Mazda MX-5 , the 1995-2002 BMW Z3 (succeeded by the 2002-2016 BMW Z4 ),
404-423: A fixed roof (which were previously considered grand tourers ). Attributing the definition of 'sports car' to any particular model can be controversial or the subject of debate among enthusiasts. Authors and experts have often contributed their ideas to capture a definition. Insurance companies have also attempted to use mathematical formulae to categorise sports cars, often charging more for insurance due to
505-516: A front engine, rear-wheel drive layout and 2+2 seating and was powered by a V6 engine with hybrid electric assistance. In 2008, Toyota bought 16.5% of Fuji Heavy Industries , which includes the Subaru automotive brand. Toyota, led by project leader Tetsuya Tada, then invited Subaru to partner in the project, by co-developing the new D-4S boxer engine. The offer, which conflicted with Subaru's reputation for high performance all-wheel drive (AWD) cars,
606-584: A larger drive shaft , and Brembo brakes, along with interior changes including a new steering wheel, front seat, gauges, and Alcantara accents. A further tS GT Package includes Recaro seats, black BBS wheels, and an adjustable carbon fibre rear wing. The tS is limited to 500 units in total, with a maximum of 250 of them being the GT package. In 2015, a similar release of 300 units was sold again only in Japan. In 2014, as part of running changes consistent with those of
707-497: A limited edition SOA 50th Anniversary edition BRZ based on the Limited trim level featuring Heritage Blue exterior colour, satin chrome exterior trim and badging; and SOA 50th anniversary emblem. The interior features black upholstery with contrasting silver stitching; silver seatbelts; and the 50th Anniversary logo embroidered on the front seats and carpeted floor mats. Only 250 were made. In late July 2020, Subaru ended production of
808-399: A pressed-steel chassis, a gated 4-speed transmission, pushrod-actuated overhead inlet valves , a honeycomb radiator, low-tension magneto ignition , a long wheelbase, a low center of mass and a very effective suspension system. The overall result was a "safe and well-balanced machine" with a higher performance than any other contemporary production car. At the 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup ,
909-427: A production Simplex 60 hp was entered only due to a specially-built 90 hp racing car being destroyed in a fire; the 60 hp famously went on to win the race. The 1910 Austro-Daimler 27/80 is another early sports car which had success in motor racing. The 27/80 was designed by Ferdinand Porsche , who drove the car to victory in the 1910 Prince Henry Tour motor race. The Vauxhall and Austro-Daimler —like
1010-496: A red Cb logo embroidered leather steering wheel, white (instead of red) backlit instruments and a dark woodgrain-style panel across the dashboard. The most peculiar features are the replacement of the front side gills with a set of LED-illuminated fins and optional contrasting colour for the car's upper body section. Another option is different alloy wheels than those fitted as standard on the GT86. On sale from April, this Japan-only model
1111-532: A similar variant known as the Special Edition, also at additional cost. It featured stripes across the bonnet, boot and roof; 17-inch STI black alloy wheels; STI boot spoiler plus front, side and rear-side under spoilers; a rear diffuser and a push-button starter switch. It was available in every existing BRZ paint hue. In 2015, for the 2016 model year, Subaru released the limited edition Hyper Blue range across its WRX, WRX STI and BRZ models. In Australia,
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#17327732461781212-453: A total displacement of 2.0 L; 121.9 cu in (1,998 cc) that results in 200 PS (197 bhp; 147 kW) at 7,000 rpm and 151 lb⋅ft (205 N⋅m) of torque at 6,400 rpm. The 86, BRZ and FR-S are offered with two 6-speed transmissions: an in-house developed Toyota TL70 manual gearbox (based on Aisin AI's AZ6) and an Aisin-Warner A960E automatic transmission , which
1313-620: A two-seater or a 2+2 seater" or a car with two seats only. In the United Kingdom, early recorded usage of the "sports car" was in The Times newspaper in 1919. The first known use of the term in the United States was in 1928. Sports cars started to become popular during the 1920s. The term initially described two-seat roadsters (cars without a fixed roof), however, since the 1970s the term has also been used for cars with
1414-494: Is a type of car that is designed with an emphasis on dynamic performance, such as handling , acceleration, top speed, the thrill of driving, and racing capability. Sports cars originated in Europe in the early 1910s and are currently produced by many manufacturers around the world. Definitions of sports cars often relate to how the car design is optimised for dynamic performance, without any specific minimum requirements; both
1515-452: Is an iconic sports car of the early 1960s, due to its attractive styling and claimed top speed of 241 km/h (150 mph). The E-type was produced for 14 years and was initially powered by a six-cylinder engine, followed by a V12 engine for the final generation. In 1962, the MG B introduced a new era of affordable lightweight four-cylinder roadsters. The MG B used a unibody construction and
1616-578: Is available in Japan from Toyota's Netz Store and Corolla Store line of dealerships; the 1980s Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno were sold at the same networks. Four trim levels are offered, with the RC model being the base aimed at people wishing to modify or race their vehicles. This model is available with only a 6-speed manual transmission and comes with unpainted bumpers and mirrors, 16 inch steel wheels, simpler interior trim components, analogue speedometer and no stereo or air conditioning. Outside Japan,
1717-481: Is based on the Limited trim level for the BRZ and features the optional Performance package as standard, which includes 4 piston Brembo brakes in the front, 2 piston Brembo brakes in the rear, and Sachs dampers, a special yellow body colour called Charlesite Yellow with black trim, a yellow embroidered BRZ logo on the seats, and yellow accents and stitching throughout the interior. In February 2018, Subaru of America released
1818-438: Is listed for ¥4,180,000 , which is a ¥1,280,000 premium over the regular 86 GT on which this variant is based. To celebrate Australia's 86 2016 Pro-Am racing series, the following November Toyota launched 450 "Blackline" units (250 of which with manual transmission). Based on the standard GTS model, this limited edition carries a A$ 2,000 premium because of its cosmetic upgrade with TRD parts and special livery. In Indonesia,
1919-487: Is listed for ¥6,300,000 , which is significantly higher than the ¥2,100,000 for the base RC model or ¥3,100,000 for the top-of-the-range GT Limited. In 2015, the 86xstyle Cb was officially launched after its presentations at the 2013 and 2014 Tokyo Auto Salon. It is characterised by a drastically different front end design with revised lights and bumper bar but standard bonnet. Available in 6-speed manual or automatic transmission, it has revised interior trimmings including
2020-1135: Is modified from that used on the Lexus IS 250 . The latter uses a traditional wet torque converter design, but its software has been engineered to mimic the response of a dual-clutch transmission . The automatic transmission uses three different modes: Sport, Snow, and Normal. A torsen style limited slip differential is standard on most models. The vehicles are offered with 16" steel and alloy wheels fitted with Yokohama dB Decibel E70 tyres in 205/55 size or 17" alloy wheels fitted with Michelin Primacy HP tyres in 215/45 size, depending on sales market. The limited editions Toyota Racing Development (TRD) GT86 models are instead offered with 18" forged aluminium wheels, which are fitted with either Yokohama Advan Sport tyres or Michelin Pilot Sport 3 tyres in 225/40 size, also depending on market. The braking systems vary between models and countries: Suspension design comprises front MacPherson struts and double wishbones at
2121-454: Is no need to wait." The design of the GT86 was inspired by the Toyota 2000GT, as part of the concept of 'Neo Functionalism' (the idea that the cars driving quality and appearance were part of its functionality). 2000GT references were especially apparent in the side profile, windows and dashboard of the car. The 86 "boxer" side badge appears on all Toyota and Scion versions of the car, but not
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#17327732461782222-406: Is notable for using a three-seat layout, where the front row consists of a centrally-located driver's seat. The location of the engine and driven wheels significantly influence the handling characteristics of a car and are therefore crucial in the design of a sports car. Traditionally, most sports cars have used rear-wheel drive with the engine either located at the front ( FR layout ) or in
2323-710: Is only available with the optional Dynamic Performance Package. It was only sold in Australia and United Kingdom with both manual and automatic transmission options. Peculiarly, in Jamaica and Nicaragua, the 86 is marketed and sold using one of its pre-launch concept car badges, the "FT-86". Although BRZ production ended in July 2020, 86 production was to continue at least until the third quarter of 2020. The BRZ's name comes from three elements: Boxer engine, rear-wheel drive, and Z standing for Zenith. The Subaru BRZ differs from
2424-830: The FR-S Sports Coupé Concept , co-developed with aftermarket tuner Five Axis. Another semi-transparent Subaru concept, known as the BRZ Prologue , was shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show that September, followed in November at the Los Angeles Auto Show by the BRZ Concept STi , the first full mock-up of Subaru's version of the 86 with input from Subaru Tecnica International (STI). The production Toyota 86 debuted at
2525-521: The FT-86 G Sports concept car. It featured G Sports carbon fibre panels, a vented bonnet , rear wing, 19 in (48 cm) wheels, Recaro race seats, and an interior rollcage. The D-4S engine also added a turbocharger . In 2011, Toyota and Subaru unveiled five near-production concept cars to show their progress with the project. The first, known as the FT-86 II Concept , was unveiled at
2626-520: The Audi RS 2 Avant . Ford Europe withdrew from the sports car market at the end of 1986 when the Capri was discontinued after a production run of nearly two decades. There was no direct successor, as Ford was concentrating on higher-performance versions of its hatchback and saloon models at the time. In 1989, a new generation of Lotus Elan roadster was released which used a front-wheel drive layout,
2727-541: The BMW 303 , Citroën Traction Avant and Fiat 508 — offered similar handling and comfort to the more expensive sports cars. Powerful, reliable, and economical (although softly suspended) American saloons began to be imported to Europe in significant numbers. Sports car ownership was increased through models such as the Austin 7 and Wolseley Hornet six , however many of these sports cars did not offer any performance upgrades over
2828-623: The Bentley Speed Six (1928-1930), with the former famously described by Bugatti's founder as "the fastest lorry in the world". Between the Great Depression and the World War II the pre-war era was a period of decline in importance for sports car manufacturers, although the period was not devoid of advances, for example streamlining . Cheap, light-weight family sedans with independent front suspension— such as
2929-632: The December 2011 Tokyo Motor Show . Its development was led by chief engineer Testuya Tada. All variants are built at Subaru's Gunma Main Plant, with the first cars assembled on 2 February 2012 before sales began in March and deliveries in April. 7,000 orders were placed for the Toyota 86 in the first month of production, while Subaru took in 3,500 orders. In the United States, Scion were allocated 10,000 units of
3030-759: The GR86 as part of the Gazoo Racing family. The development code of the 2+2 was 086A and the eight six (Hachi-Roku in Japanese), references the historic 1983 to 1987 AE 86 . Initial layout and design elements for the 86 were presented by Toyota using its "FT" (Future Toyota) concept car nomenclature. The first was the Toyota FT-HS , which was presented at the North American International Auto Show in 2007. It had
3131-568: The Geneva Motor Show in March 2011. ED refined the design of the initial FT-86, by developing new front and rear fascias, and marginally increasing the dimensions of the concept. At the same show, Subaru unveiled a transparent silhouette of the car showing the new D-4S boxer engine and displayed the "Boxer Sports Car Architecture". Scion followed in April 2011 at the New York International Auto Show with
Toyota 86 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3232-520: The Jensen FF became the first sports car to use all-wheel drive . The Ford Capri is a 2+2 coupe that was produced from 1968 to 1986 and intended to be a smaller European equivalent of the Ford Mustang. A main rival to the Capri was Opel Manta , which was produced from 1970 to 1988. The 1973-1978 Lancia Stratos was a mid-engined two-seat coupe that was powered by a Ferrari V6 engine. This
3333-603: The LA Auto Show in November. Mazda announced production of the 2013 CX-5 compact crossover, to be revealed at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September. The 2010 show was held from April 2 through April 11, with press preview days on March 31 and April 1. The 2009 show was held from April 10 until April 19, with press preview days on April 8 and April 9. The 2008 show was held from March 21 until March 30, with press preview days on March 19 and March 20. The 2007 show
3434-708: The "Monogram Series" limited to 2000 units worldwide. Of these, only 25% came equipped with a manual transmission making the rarest examples those delivered in Asphalt (61K) or Hot Lava (H8R) with a manual transmission. This FR-S closely matched the equipment offered on Toyota's GTS-variant including: heated leather and Alcantara seats; keyless entry with push button start; rear seat centre armrest; frameless rear view mirror; heated side mirrors; automatic high-intensity discharge headlamps with LED daytime running lights; dual-zone climate control; colour-keyed rear spoiler; BeSpoke audio and navigation. Sports car A sports car
3535-403: The 1905 Isotta Fraschini Tipo D, the 1906 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost , the 1908 Delage , the 1910 Bugatti Type 13 , and the 1912 DFP 12/15 . Early motor racing events included the 1903 Paris–Madrid race , the 1905-1907 Herkomer Trophy, the 1908-1911 Prince Henry Tour and the 1911–present Monte Carlo Rally . The Prince Henry Tours (which were similar to modern car rallies) were among
3636-495: The 1921 Coppa Florio . Another approach— such as that used by Morris Garages— was to convert touring cars into sports cars. The first 24 Hours of Le Mans race for sports cars was held in 1923, although the two-seat sports cars only competed in the smallest class, with the majority of cars entered being four-seat fast touring cars. "This race, together with the Tourist Trophy Series of Races , organised after
3737-404: The 1948 Ferrari 166 S . A new concept altogether was the modern Gran Turismo class from Italy, which was in effect unknown before the war: sustained high-speed motoring from relatively modest engine size and compact closed or berlinetta coachwork. The 1947 Maserati A6 1500 two-seat berlinetta was the first production model from Maserati. In Germany, the motor industry was devastated by
3838-499: The 1980 Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft and Giro d'Italia automobilistico marathon. The Montecarlo was a basis for the silhouette racing car , Lancia Rally 037 . In the 1970s, turbocharging began to be adopted by sports cars, such as the BMW 2002 Turbo in 1973, the first Porsche 911 Turbo in 1975, and the Saab 99 Turbo in 1978. Turbocharging became increasingly popular in the 1980s, from relatively affordable coupes such as
3939-452: The 1980–1986 Renault Fuego and 1992–1996 Rover 220 Coupé Turbo , to expensive supercars such as the 1984-1987 Ferrari 288 GTO and 1987-1992 Ferrari F40 . In the late 1980s and early 1990s, several manufacturers developed supercars that competed for production car top speed records . These cars included the 1986–1993 Porsche 959 , 1991–1995 Bugatti EB 110 , 1992–1994 Jaguar XJ220 and 1993–998 McLaren F1 . The 1980-1995 Audi Quattro
4040-506: The 1990s, all-wheel drive has become more common in sports cars. All-wheel drive offers better acceleration and favorable handling characteristics (especially in slippery conditions), but is often heavier and more mechanically complex than traditional layouts. Examples of all-wheel drive sports cars are the Lamborghini Huracan , Bugatti Veyron , and Nissan GT-R . Rear engine layouts are not typical for sports cars, with
4141-614: The 1995-2002 MG F , the 1996–present Porsche Boxster and the 1998–present Audi TT . New York International Auto Show#2011 The New York International Auto Show is an annual auto show that is held in Manhattan , New York City in late March or early April. It is held at the Jacob Javits Convention Center . It usually opens on or just before Easter weekend and closes on the first Sunday after Easter. The show has been held annually since 1900. It
Toyota 86 - Misplaced Pages Continue
4242-424: The 2013 model year (MY13) production, while Subaru was limited to only 6,000 units. The 86's low-weight design uses an aluminium hood, a fixed roof, and a trunk as opposed to a hatchback . To improve driving dynamics, the boxer engine is mounted low in a front engine / rear drive layout, yielding a weight distribution of 53% in front and 47% in the rear and a low centre of mass height. The 86's engine, known by
4343-684: The 2014 Nissan NV200 Taxi, the New York City " Taxi of Tomorrow ", on the evening before show press days began. It was on display at the show as well. The 2011 show was held from April 22 through May 1, with press preview days on April 20 and April 21. Infiniti announced production of the JX mid-size crossover, to be revealed as a concept at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance in August, and in production form at
4444-557: The 86 was launched in 2012. The facelifted version was launched in August 2016. Toyota Indonesia sells the 86 in the TRD package with only an automatic transmission and the non-TRD package with both manual and automatic transmission. In 2018, Toyota sold a special edition 86 called Apollo Blue to celebrate that the 86 had passed 20,000 units sold in Australia. It features a unique Apollo Blue body colour, black rear spoiler and mirror caps, and
4545-411: The 86's design in the front fascia, with a different grille and headlight assembly, as well as a different front fender vent. The BRZ's grill is hexagonal in shape, compared to the Toyota's trapezoid. The BRZ features a wraparound of LED parking lights in the headlight assembly, while daytime running lights are integrated into the bumper. The suspension setup of the Subaru is different from the Toyota. Like
4646-456: The 86's designers, "The goal was to create an authentic rear-wheel drive sports car with compelling style, exceptionally balanced performance and handling, flexible utility and surprising MPG." When asked about the TRD version of the car, the lead engineer Mr. Tada said "There is definitely going to be a more TRD oriented variant down the line. However any of the parts that would be standard on the TRD model will fit on your current Toyota 86 so there
4747-658: The August 2013 production update (which carried the formal year designation MY14), the automatic GT also gained LSD as standard (but with a price increase of A$ 300 ; manual price unchanged in Australia) and the GTS gained the same rear spoiler fitted to the Japanese GTS Limited and the Subaru BRZ (with a price increase of A$ 500 for both the manual and automatic model in Australia). Other distinguishing features on
4848-682: The BRZ was limited to 50 units with manual transmission only. This limited edition is characterised by the said blue paint and a host of other cosmetic upgrades. For the 2017 model year Subaru released another new special edition for the newly redesigned BRZ. This edition is called the Series.Yellow in America which was limited to 500 units but known as the Inazuma Edition in Canada which was limited to between 200 and 250 cars. This special edition
4949-505: The Center being on standby for the foreseeable future. They also announced that the organizers would focus on the 2021 show instead. The 2019 show was held from April 19 through April 28, with press preview days on April 17 and 18. The 2018 show was held from March 30 through April 8, with press preview days on March 28 and 29. The 2017 show was held from April 14 through April 23, with press preview days on April 12 and 13. The 2016 show
5050-603: The FR-S but with silver dash trim, a red stitched parking brake boot, black gauge faces (instead of the white tachometer of the 86 GTS models) and a touch-screen navigation head unit; the second interior to leather and Alcantara heated seats, automatic HVAC controls, and a push-button start. The top-of-the-range 86 models are fitted like the BRZ except as noted above, and the Japanese interior can be had in black/red leather and Alcantara or full black leather and Alcantara. The Toyota 86
5151-805: The FR-S was offered in a single standard trim, with exterior colours and the choice of transmission typically being the only factory options. However, Scion offered some limited-production special editions with added factory equipment and exclusive colours. As part of the 10th anniversary of the Scion marque, 2,500 units of "10 Series" FR-S models were released by Scion in June 2013 for the 2013 model year. They were painted in Silver Ignition and fitted with extra equipment, including HID headlights, automatic climate control, push button start, illuminated exterior badges plus shifter knob. In January 2014, Scion released
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#17327732461785252-595: The GT remained unchanged while the GTS was the subject of a price increase of A$ 500 and A$ 800 for the manual and automatic version, respectively. In late 2014, as part of its MY15 range, Toyota offered in the UK two new models: the GT86 Aero, featuring a full bodykit and 18 inch OZ Ultraleggera alloy wheels in anthracite grey finish; and the GT86 "Giallo" (meaning yellow in Italian), limited to only 86 units. Similar to
5353-593: The Japanese Toyota 86, Subaru offers an RA base model lacking most interior comforts and using 16 inch steel wheels, with the only difference from the 86 RC being that the BRZ RA's bumpers are painted the same colour as the body. Two main trim levels are offered: R trim, known as Premium in North America, and S trim, known as Limited in North America. The most notable differences between the trims being
5454-630: The Limited Edition in Italy is € 28,500, which translates to € 1,700 more than the standard base model. At the same time in Japan, Toyota released the 14R-60 model limited to 100 units, inspired by the GT86 TRD Griffon Project of 2013. Its engine power remains the same as the standard models despite featuring various drivetrain changes such as twin central exhausts, a TRD mechanical LSD, a short-shifter, and revised gearing for
5555-624: The MY14 models include the removal of the lettered "TOYOTA" badge from the rear bonnet of the GTS and optional availability of rear parking sonar sensors on GT and GTS. In July 2014, an updated version of the Australian Toyota 86 range was launched with year designation MY15. The key highlights include: revised suspension settings; "shark-fin" roof antenna; GTS instrument cluster on GT; carbon-fibre look dash insert and reverse-view camera on GTS; new white and silver exterior paints. The price of
5656-708: The MY15 Toyota 86 GTS, the Subaru BRZ also featured a new key fob and two new colours, including 'WR Blue Pearl' metallic finish. In addition, Subaru also launched special editions both for the United States and Australia markets. For the former, one thousand BRZ Series. Blue editions were marketed at additional cost, half painted in Blue Pearl and the other half in Crystal Pearl White . This model featured STI body kit parts, 17-inch STI black alloy wheels and red brake calipers. For Australia, Subaru launched
5757-468: The Mercedes Simplex 60 hp— were production fast touring cars. The 1912 Hispano-Suiza Alfonso XIII is also considered one of the earliest sports cars, as it was a "purpose built, high performance, two-seater production automobile". The model was named after King Alfonso XIII of Spain , a patron of the car's chief designer and an enthusiast for the marque. Other early sports cars include
5858-583: The RC model is only available in New Zealand. The G model adds all the interior components missing from the RC, plus a fully painted exterior and 16 inch alloy wheels and the availability of an automatic transmission. The GT86 model adds high intensity discharge headlights with LED daytime running lights , fog lamps, automatic climate control, keyless start with engine start button, 17 inch alloy wheels, chrome exhaust tips, white tachometer face with analogue and digital speedometer, silver accents on
5959-512: The S trim (Limited) received leather seats with Alcantara inserts that were heated rather than the cloth seats in the R trim (Premium). In Europe and Australia BRZs offer a Toyota stereo unit, while Japanese and North American vehicles use a Subaru unit. Australian BRZs were originally available for sale only online. In 2013, Subaru unveiled a BRZ tS model for the Japanese market, tuned by STI. The tS model features an improved suspension setup, 18 inch silver BBS wheels , STI bodykit and front spoiler,
6060-473: The Subaru BRZ. Aside from badging, the main differences between the 86/GT86 and the BRZ are the front grilles and bumper bars. The car included numerous references to the number 86: The interior uses low mounted front seats and fold down rear enabling increased storage space. The FR-S and base 86 models have cloth seats with all black interior trim with a black patterned dash trim, and shift boot red stitching. The BRZ has two available interiors, one identical to
6161-434: The Toyota code 4U-GSE and Subaru code FA20 , is a naturally aspirated engine that uses Subaru's flat-four engine design, with the addition of Toyota's D-4S injection system, which uses Gasoline direct injection (GDI). With its front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout , its engine runs on 98 RON (premium unleaded) fuel and features a compression ratio of 12.5:1 with a bore and stroke of 86 mm (3.39 in) for
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#17327732461786262-479: The car appeared during the next year or two, all conforming to the same basic design and earning for themselves a reputation second to none for fast and reliable travel. The 60-h.p. cars were announced late in 1902. The cars were possessed of a very real performance superior to anything else which could be bought at the time... and the model achieved an almost invincible position among the fast cars of its day. The Sports Car: Development and Design The basis for
6363-706: The centre dash and steering wheel, aluminium pedals. The top-of-the-range GT Limited adds leather and Alcantara seating and a rear spoiler . In Europe, GT86 models are generally the same as the Japanese 86 GT with a red/black leather/Alcantara interior with red stitching. In the United Kingdom, the Japanese G model is sold as the GT86 Primo and the car has also been available as a limited edition Toyota Racing Development "TRD GT86", which features: 18 inch forged aluminium wheels with Yokohama Advan Sport tyres; full bodykit with front and side skirts, rear spoiler and new diffuser; quad-exhaust system; TRD-branded detailing on
6464-411: The development of performance cars such as the 1910 Vauxhall Prince Henry , 1910 Sunbeam 12/16 , 1910 Talbot 25 hp , 1910 Straker-Squire 15 hp and 1913 Star 15.9 hp . Following the halt in sports car production caused by World War I , Europe returned to manufacturing automobiles from around 1920. It was around this time that the term 'Sports Car' began to appear in the motor catalogues, although
6565-400: The early 1920s, the cost to produce a racing car was not significantly higher than a road car, therefore several manufacturers used the design from the current year's racing car for the next year's sports car. For example, the 1921 Ballot 2LS based on the racing car that finished third at the 1921 French Grand Prix. The Benz 28/95PS was also a successful racing car, with victories including
6666-463: The exact origin of the name is not known. The decade that followed became known as the vintage era and featured rapid technical advances over the preceding Brass Era cars . Engine performance benefited from the abandonment of " tax horsepower " (where vehicles were taxed based on bore and number of cylinders, rather than actual power output) and the introduction of leaded fuel , which increased power by allowing for higher compression ratios . In
6767-402: The filler cap, radiator cap and gear knob. In New Zealand, the TRD 86 is sold with the above features except for Michelin Pilot Sport 3 tyres instead plus upgraded TRD braking system. Options not available to all markets include a Bose sound system upgrade. In Australia, the GT is the equivalent of the Japanese G model but with only an all black interior trim and standard radio head unit, whereas
6868-472: The first supercars . Other significant European models of the 1960s and 1970s which might be considered supercars today are the Ferrari 250 GTO (1962-1964), Ferrari 250 GT Lusso (1963-1964), Ferrari 275 GTB/4 (1966-1968), Maserati Ghibli (1967-1973), Ferrari Daytona (1968-1973), Dino 246 (1969-1974), De Tomaso Pantera (1971-1993), Ferrari 308 GTB (1975-1980) and BMW M1 (1978-1981). In 1966,
6969-528: The first World War by the R.A.C. , appealed to the public imagination and offered to the manufacturers of the more sporting cars an excellent opportunity for boosting sales of their products." The classic Italian road races— the Targa Florio , and the Mille Miglia (first held in 1927)— also captured the public's imagination. By 1925, the higher profits available for four-seater cars resulted in
7070-465: The first-generation BRZ, and no more orders were accepted. In the United States and Canada, the GT86 was initially sold under Toyota's youth-oriented Scion brand, with its name derived from a description of the platform: F ront-engine, R ear-wheel drive, S port. Scion used a simplified "pure price" sales model that eschewed traditional factory options in favor of fixed base-vehicle pricing and buyer customization via dealer-installed accessories; hence,
7171-735: The first-generation model, Toyota marketed the sports car as the 86 in Asia, Australia, North America (from August 2016), South Africa, and South America; as the Toyota GT86 in Europe; as the 86 and GT86 in New Zealand; as the Toyota FT86 in Brunei, Nicaragua and Jamaica and as the Scion FR-S (2012–2016) in the United States and Canada. The second-generation model is marketed by Toyota as
7272-466: The hybrid V6 powerplant was replaced by the new D-4S boxer. Subaru provided the chassis, modifying it from their Impreza . The custom red paint was based on the backside of a Japanese macaque . Classic Toyota sports cars such as the AE86, Celica and Supra were cited as inspirations for the concept. At the 2010 Tokyo Motor Show , Toyota launched its G Sports line of aftermarket accessories, along with
7373-799: The inherent risk of performance driving. There is no fixed distinction between sports cars and other categories of performance cars, such as muscle cars and grand tourers , with some cars being members of several categories. Traditionally, the most common layout for sports cars was a roadster (a two-seat car without a fixed roof). However, there are also several examples of early sports cars with four seats. Sports cars are not usually intended to transport more than two adult occupants regularly, so most modern sports cars are generally two-seat or 2+2 layout (two smaller rear seats for children or occasional adult use). Larger cars with more spacious rear-seat accommodation are usually considered sports sedans rather than sports cars. The 1993-1998 McLaren F1
7474-573: The late 1920s were AC Cars , Alfa Romeo , Alvis , Amilcar , Bignan and Samson, Chenard-Walcker , Delage , Hispano-Suiza , Hotchkiss , Mercedes-Benz and Nazzaro . Two cars from the Vintage Era that would influence sports cars for many years were the Austin Seven and MG M-type "Midget". Successful sports cars from Bentley during this era were the Bentley 3 Litre (1921-1929) and
7575-494: The latter, Toyota also offered in Italy a total of 50 "Limited Edition" models. Externally, the key distinguishing feature of these limited editions is the new Sunrise Yellow metallic paint and black side stripes (bonnet, roof and bonnet stripes are available in the UK at no extra cost and standard in Italy). The interior is distinguished by a limited edition badge and heated quilt leather seats with yellow 86 logo. The retail price of
7676-518: The mass-produced cars upon which they were based. The highest selling sports car company of the 1930s was Morris Garages , who produced 'MG Midget' models of the M-Type , J-Type , P-Type and T-Type . The K3 version of the K-Type Magnette was a successful racing car, achieving success in the Mille Miglia , Tourist Trophy and 24 Hours of Le Mans . The Bugatti Type 57 (1934-1940)
7777-537: The middle of the vehicle ( MR layout ). Examples of FR layout sports cars include the Caterham 7 , Mazda MX-5 , and the Dodge Viper . Examples of MR layout sports cars are the Ferrari 488 , Ford GT , and Toyota MR2 . To avoid a front-heavy weight distribution , many FR layout sports cars are designed so that the engine is located further back in the engine bay, as close to the firewall as possible. Since
7878-809: The notable exception of the Porsche 911 . The front-wheel drive layout with the engine at the front ( FF layout ) is generally the most common for cars, but it is not as common among traditional sports cars. Nonetheless, the FF layout is used by sport compacts and hot hatches such as the Mazdaspeed3 . Sports cars with an FF layout include the Fiat Barchetta , Saab Sonett , or Opel Tigra . The ancestor of all high-performance cars had its origin in Germany. The 28-h.p. Cannstatt-Daimler racing car of 1899
7979-456: The philosophy of achieving performance through minimizing weight and has been rated as one of the top 10 sports cars of the 1960s. The Elan featured fibreglass bodies, a backbone chassis, and overhead camshaft engines. A different style of roadster was the AC Cobra , released in 1962, which was fitted with V8 engines up to 7.0 L (427 cu in) in size by Shelby . The Porsche 911
8080-423: The production of two-seat sports cars being limited to smaller manufacturers such as Aston-Martin (350 Astons built from 1921 to 1939) and Frazer-Nash (323 cars built from 1924 to 1939). Then by the late 1920s, the cost of producing racing cars (especially Grand Prix cars) escalated, causing more manufacturers to produce cars for the growing sports car market instead. Significant manufacturers of sports cars in
8181-441: The rear. In 2016, for the 2017 model year, the manual transmission 86 was upgraded to 153 kW (205 bhp; 208 PS) and 212 N⋅m (156 lb⋅ft). The final drive ratio was changed from 4.10 to 4.30. The 86's rear-wheel drive configuration and front-mounted flat boxer engine allow a low centre of gravity for strong handling characteristics. The bodywork has a drag coefficient of C d =0.27. According to
8282-465: The show, there are automobile related conferences, forums, symposiums, and other gatherings. The ten day event contribution to economy of the City and State is estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The 2024 show will be held from March 29–April 7, with press preview days on March 27 and 28. The 2023 show was held from April 7–16, with press preview days on April 5 and 6. The 2022 show
8383-520: The six-speed manual transmission. Other changes include extra body reinforcement, a variable-height coil-over spring suspension setup and more rigid suspension bushings. A TRD bodykit with carbon fibre components is complemented by 18 inch magnesium wheels and, overall, 14R-60 model results lighter than the base model. Inside there are race-style bucket seats with four-point belts, an Alcantara-clad steering wheel, carbon fibre dashboard trim and yellow piping and highlights. Price-wise, this Japan-only model
8484-558: The sporting events of the period, bringing renown to successful entrants. The Prince Henry Tours started the evolution of reasonably large and technically advanced production sports cars. In England, the development of sporting cars was inhibited by the Motor Car Act 1903 , which imposed a speed limit of 20 mph (32 km/h) on all public roads. This led to the 1907 opening of the Brooklands motor circuit , which inspired
8585-408: The sports car is traced to the early 20th century touring cars and roadsters , and the term 'sports car' would not be coined until after World War One. A car considered to be "a sports-car years ahead of its time" is the 1903 Mercedes Simplex 60 hp , described at the time as a fast touring car and designed by Wilhelm Maybach and Paul Daimler . The Mercedes included pioneering features such as
8686-476: The sports car, but also the most important and diverse technical developments [and] very rapid and genuine improvement in the qualities of every modern production car; assisted by new design and manufacturing techniques a consistently higher level of handling properties has been achieved." In Italy, a small but wealthy market segment allowed for the manufacture of a limited number of high-performance models directly allied to contemporary Grand Prix machines, such as
8787-504: The top-of-the-range GTS model is the equivalent of the Japanese GT Limited except for an all black leather/Alcantara and red-stitch interior trim only and touchscreen multimedia head unit. Upon Australian launch in June 2012, all models for Australia featured a full-size spare wheel, the GTS lacked a rear spoiler, and a limited slip differential or LSD was standard on all models except automatic GT's. The full-size spare wheel
8888-478: The war, but a small number of manufacturers returned it to prominence. In 1948, the Porsche 356 was released as the debut model from Porsche. The significance of the Porsche 356 and its successors was described in 1957 as "future historians must see them as among the most important of mid-century production cars". The 1954 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL is another significant car from this era. The 1961 Jaguar E-Type
8989-415: Was a pioneering all-wheel drive sports car. The 1995 Porsche 911 Turbo (993) saw the 911 Turbo model switch to all-wheel drive, a drivetrain layout that the model uses to this day. The BMW M3 was released in 1986 and has been produced for every generation since. The 1993-1996 Mercedes-Benz W124 E36 AMG was the mass-produced AMG model. Audi's equivalent division, called "RS", was launched in 1994 with
9090-684: Was an unusual arrangement for a car used to compete in rallying, nonetheless it was very successful and won the World Rally Championship in 1974 , 1975 , and 1976 . The Lancia Montecarlo was produced from 1975 to 1981 and is a mid-engine two-seater, available as a coupé or a targa-top. It was sold as Lancia Scorpion in the USA. Its racing variant, Montecarlo Turbo, won the 1979 World Championship for Makes in its division and overall for 1980 World Championship for Makes and 1981 World Endurance Championship for Makes . Montecarlo also won
9191-627: Was another significant sports car of the pre-war era and is now among the most valuable cars in the world. The T57 was successful in sports car races, including winning the 1937 24 Hours of Le Mans and 1939 24 Hours of Le Mans . Another successful Bugatti sports car was the Bugatti Type 55 (1932-1935), which was based on the Type 51 Grand Prix racing car. The decade following the Second World War saw an "immense growth of interest in
9292-425: Was held from April 15–24, with press preview days on April 13 and 14. This year marked the first time the auto show contained micromobility exhibits. The 2021 show was scheduled to take place from August 20–29, 2021. However, it was again canceled, due to COVID-19 Delta variant . The 2020 show was previous scheduled to be held from August 28 through September 6, with press preview days on August 26 and 27. It
9393-407: Was held from April 6 until April 15, with press preview days on April 4 and April 5. The 2006 show was held from April 14 until April 23, with press preview days on April 12 and April 13. The 2005 show saw the following introductions: The 2004 show saw the following introductions: The 2003 show saw the following introductions: The 2002 show saw the following introductions: The 2001 show saw
9494-539: Was held from March 25 through April 3, with press preview days on March 23 and 24. The 2015 show was held from April 3 through April 12, with press preview days on April 1 and 2. The 2014 show was held from April 18 through April 27, with press preview days on April 16 and 17. The 2013 show was held from March 29 through April 7, with press preview days on March 27 and 28. The 2012 show was held from April 6 through April 15, with press preview days on April 4 and 5. Ram 1500 (facelift) Nissan also introduced
9595-494: Was originally scheduled for April 10 through 19, but on March 10, it was postponed to late August due to the coronavirus pandemic . Planned introductions included the production Lucid Air and a hydrogen-powered supercar from newcomer Hyperion Motors. On May 22, 2020, the organizers announced that the 2020 show would be canceled due to the Convention Center continuing to be used as an active makeshift hospital, with
9696-478: Was phased out after the first shipments to Australia, replaced with a repair kit. This model also benefited from a remapping of its Electronic Control Unit ( ECU ) to address initial reports of rough idling and stalling. The range of models and main options had the following retail prices: GT manual A$ 29,990 ; GT automatic A$ 32,490 ; GTS manual A$ 35,490 ; GTS automatic A$ 37,990 ; metallic paint A$ 425 for all models; "Aero pack" bodykit A$ 3,000 for GTS only. As of
9797-694: Was produced until 1980. Other successful lightweight roadsters include the Triumph Spitfire (1962-1980) and the Alfa Romeo Spider (1966-1993). The Fiat X1/9 (1972-1989) was unusual for its use of a mid-engine design in an affordable roadster model. A late entrant to the affordable roadster market was the 1975 Triumph TR7 , however by the late 1970s the demand for this style of car was in decline, resulting in production ceasing in 1982. The original Lotus Elan (1962-1975) two-seat coupe and roadster models are an early commercial success for
9898-732: Was rejected. The project came to a six-month halt before Toyota invited journalists and Subaru engineers to test a developmental prototype. Following the test, Subaru agreed to become further involved in development. The collaboration produced a concept car, the FT-86 Concept , which debuted at the Tokyo Motor Show in October 2009. Smaller than the FT-HS, the design of the FT-86 was further refined by Toyota's ED design studio while
9999-675: Was released in 1964 and has remained in production since. The 911 is notable for its use of the uncommon rear-engine design and the use of a flat-six engine . Another successful rear-engine sports car was the original Alpine A110 (1961-1977), which was a successful rally car during the Group 4 era. In 1965, the BMW New Class Coupes were released, leading to the BMW 6 Series which remains in production to this day. The Lamborghini Miura (1966) and Alfa Romeo 33 Stradale (1967) mid-engined high-performance cars are often cited as
10100-900: Was the first automotive exhibition in North America. The show was held at the New York Coliseum from 1956 to 1987 when the show moved to the Javits Center. Before the show opens every year, several auto companies debut new production and concept vehicles for the press. In addition, the Greater New York Auto Dealers Association (GNYADA) and the International Motor Press Association (IMPA) host corporate meetings and events. The World Car Awards typically announces its annual award winners as part of these events. In addition to individual programs during
10201-417: Was without a doubt the first attempt to give real performance to a road car. Many of its features, such as a honeycomb radiator and gate gear change, were continued on the much improved version which Paul Daimler designed in 1899-1900. This was of course the famous Mercedes. It also laid down standards of chassis design which were to be followed, almost unthinkingly, for the next thirty years. Several variants of
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