Misplaced Pages

#20979

37-615: The Kōyō Gunkan ( 甲陽軍鑑 ) is a record of the military exploits of the Takeda family , compiled largely by the Takeda vassal Kōsaka Danjō Masanobu , and completed in 1616 by Obata Kagenori . It provides some of the most detailed descriptions and statistics of warfare in the Sengoku period available today. The term Bushidō was first used in Kōyō Gunkan . The chronicle describes each of

74-542: A Noh performance at their residence in Kyoto and assassinated him during the evening play. Yoshinori was 47 at the age of his assassination which was organized by Mitsusuke, who had learned that Yoshinori planned to bestow three provinces belonging to him to his cousin Akamatsu Sadamura, who came to be given an important position by Yoshinori because Sadamura's younger sister became his concubine and gave birth to

111-597: A branch of the Minamoto clan ( Seiwa Genji ), by Minamoto no Yoshimitsu (1056–1127), son of the Chinjufu-shōgun Minamoto no Yoriyoshi (988-1075), and brother to the famous Minamoto no Yoshiie (1039–1106). Minamoto no Yoshikiyo (1075–1149), son of Yoshimitsu, was the first to take the name of Takeda, which he took when his father granted him Takeda domain in Hitachi Province ; thereafter, he

148-528: A fairly common family name in modern Japan, though it is unlikely that everyone with the Takeda name is descended from this noble house (several divisions of the family have the Takeda name). In fact, most of the real descendants of the Takeda had a different name when they created a cadet branch. It is also acknowledged that members of the clan married into other Japanese families. During the Tokugawa period , several daimyō families were direct descendants of

185-414: A large number of foot archers. In order to defeat these missile troops, Shingen transformed his samurai from archers to lancers . Shingen died on May 13, 1573, at age 53 from illness. His son Takeda Katsuyori (1546–1582) effectively succeeded Shingen though the nominal head of the family was his grandson Takeda Nobukatsu; Katsuyori continued Shingen's aggressive expansion plan south and westward and

222-578: A letter to the shogunate via the kingdom of the Ryūkyū Islands ; Yoshinori responded favorably. Receiving the Ming-designated title "King of Japan" allowed Yoshinori to monopolize Japan's trade with China, advantaging him over local lords. According to Mansai Jugo Nikki (満済准后日記), the system of the Tosen-bugyō (唐船奉行) was established in 1434 to mediate overseas trade. The functions of

259-669: A pension from the shogunate and had privileged missions confided to them. Three major cadet branches of the Takeda clan were established across Japan, along with several smaller branches. Due to the establishment of these cadet branches, the main Takeda clan in Kai Province is also referred to as the Kai Takeda clan. The Aki Takeda clan , established in Aki Province in the present-day western part of Hiroshima Prefecture . Takeda Nobumitsu (1162–1248), Shugo of Kai, received

296-464: A son. Shortly thereafter, it was determined that his 8-year-old son, Yoshikatsu, would become the new shōgun . Akamatsu Mitsusuke had already a problem in 1427 with the fifth Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimochi , who tried to confiscate his territory; Mitsusuke burned down his own residence in Kyoto and went to own Harima province, and gathered his family and retainer to prepare for the battle. This infuriated Yoshimochi, who ordered to search and kill them, but

333-553: Is a playable faction in Shogun: Total War and Shogun 2 . Takeda is a playable nation in Europa Universalis IV . The Takeda clan in feudal Japan is in the manga and the anime of Inuyasha . Takeda Shingen and his peasant doppelgänger are the main subjects of Kagemusha , directed by Akira Kurosawa . The character Miku Nakano from the anime and manga series The Quintessential Quintuplets

370-536: Is also known as the Mariyatsu Takeda, a reference to their base of power, Mariyatsu Castle. The Kōshū Hatto , composed at some point in the 15th century, is the code of law of the Takeda family, while the Kōyō Gunkan , composed largely by Kōsaka Masanobu in the mid-16th century, is an epic poem recording the family's history and Shingen's innovations in military tactics. Among the notable members of

407-532: Is perhaps most famous for his use of the cavalry charge at the Battle of Mikatagahara . The strength of Shingen's new tactic became so famous that the Takeda army came to be known as the Kiba Gundan (騎馬軍団), or 'mounted army'. Up until the mid-16th century and Shingen's rise to power, mounted samurai were primarily archers. There was already a trend at this time towards larger infantry -based armies, including

SECTION 10

#1732773333021

444-629: Is shown to have an obsession with Takeda Shingen. The Soldier in Team Fortress 2 has a weapon called the Concheror that includes the Takeda clan's Kamon. Ashikaga Yoshinori Ashikaga Yoshinori ( 足利 義教 , July 12, 1394 – July 12, 1441) was the sixth shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1429 to 1441 during the Muromachi period of medieval Japan . Yoshinori

481-466: The Sengoku period . While this rivalry existed, the Takeda and the Uesugi still had a huge amount of respect for one another. Takeda Harunobu (1521 – 1573) succeeded his father Nobutora in 1540 and became shugo lord of Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture . In this period the Takeda began to quickly expand from their base in Kai Province. In 1559, Harunobu changed his name to

518-594: The Tosen-bugyō included: (1) guarding trading ships in Japanese waters, (2) procuring export goods, (3) mediating between the Muromachi shogunate and shipping interests, and (4) managing record-keeping. It is significant that the Muromachi shogunate was the first to appoint the executive officers of the samurai class to high positions in its diplomatic bureaucracy. After Yoshinori's time, the totosen (渡唐船) (the fleet of ships going from Japan to Ming China) consisted of

555-506: The shogunate . Yoshimochi had no other sons, nor did he name a successor before he himself died in 1428. Yoshinori, who had been a Buddhist monk since the age of ten, became Sei-i Taishōgun on the day of Yoshimochi's death. From amongst the handful of possible Ashikaga candidates, his name was selected by the shogunal deputy ( Kanrei ), Hatakeyama Mitsuie , who drew lots in the sanctuary of Iwashimizu Hachiman Shrine in Kyoto ; and it

592-460: The Oda/Tokugawa alliance and Nobunaga succeeded in destroying the Takeda clan shortly thereafter. The campaign saw most of the Takeda followers simply abandoning Katsuyori and the other Takeda family members to their fate. The clan was effectively eliminated, although descendants of the Takeda clan would take prominent positions in the Tokugawa shogunate , established in 1603. Takeda is also

629-727: The Taira, against Kiso Yoshinaka (1184), distinguished himself in the Battle of Ichinotani (1184), and was appointed Shugo (Governor) of Kai province. He also fought against the Northern Fujiwara (1189) and against Wada Yoshimori (1213). During the Jōkyū War , he helped the Hōjō , and led 50,000 soldiers as 'Daishogun of the Tosando' , and in reward received the governorship of Aki province (1221). Takeda Nobuhide (1413–40), eldest son of

666-570: The Takeda Nobushige (1390–1465), Shugo of Aki, helped the 6th shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori (1394–1441) against the revolt of Isshiki Yoshitsura and was granted the governorship of Wakasa province (1440). Takeda Nobukata (1420–71) inherited the titles of Shugo of Wakasa from his brother Nobuhide, and that of Shugo of Aki from his father Nobushige. During the Ōnin War (1467–77) he occupied Tango province that belonged to Isshiki Yoshinao and received

703-663: The Takeda clan was Takeda Nobushige , who wrote the Kyujukyu Kakun , which introduced the 99 rules for the clan members. Takeda Nobumitsu , who was a noted warrior under the Hojo shikken of Kamakura, became a monk and founded the Takeda family of Kai. Another important figure was Minamoto no Yoshimitsu, who developed the Daito-ryu Aikijujutsu / Takeda-ryu . Other noted members include Nobuyoshi , Nobutora , Harunobu (Shingen) , Katsuyori , Matsuhime Takeda

740-688: The Takeda's major battles, chronicling not only strategy and tactics but the outcomes as well. It describes the Chinese matchlock arquebuses used at Uedahara in 1548, making that the first field battle in Japan to see the use of firearms. And the chronicle tells of the famous one-on-one skirmish fought by Takeda Shingen against Uesugi Kenshin at the fourth battle of Kawanakajima in 1561. Having broken through Takeda's forces, Uesugi Kenshin found his way to Shingen's command tent, where he engaged Shingen directly, slashing at him with his sword. Shingen deflected

777-832: The Takeda. In 1868, these daimyō families were : In 1868, two branches named Takeda were also ranked among the Kōke (the High Families). This title was given to descendants of great dispossessed daimyo families of the Kamakura period to Sengoku period such as the Takeda, the Kyōgoku , the Rokkaku , the Ōtomo , the Toki , the Isshiki and the Hatakeyama clans. They received

SECTION 20

#1732773333021

814-416: The army also provides an interesting look into the hierarchy of retainers or allies within such a force. The Heihō Okigusho , contained within the chronicle, and attributed to general Yamamoto Kansuke , is one of Japan's earliest treatises on martial arts, along with tactics and strategy. It provides practical advice towards the wielding of sword, spear, gun and bow for the individual warrior rather than for

851-630: The arts and developing the Takeda school of military etiquette. The Kazusa Takeda clan, established at the beginning of the Sengoku period in Kazusa Province in the present-day central area of Chiba Prefecture . Along with the Satomi clan of Awa Province in the southern part of present-day Chiba Prefecture the two clans replaced the dominance of the Chiba clan in the region. The Kazusa Takeda

888-447: The attack with his iron war fan, and reached for his own sword. A Takeda retainer then speared Kenshin's horse, forcing him to retreat. In one section, the chronicle gives a detailed breakdown of the entire Takeda army in 1573, counting everything from pages and banner bearers to kitchen staff, horse doctors, and finance commissioners. According to the document, the 33,736 members of the Takeda army included; The detailed breakdown of

925-611: The better-known Takeda Shingen. He faced the Hōjō clan a number of times, and most of his expansion was to the north, where he fought his most famous battles against Uesugi Kenshin . This series of regional skirmishes is known as the Battles of Kawanakajima . The battles began in 1553, and the best known and severest among them was fought on September 10, 1561. Shingen is famous for his tactical genius, and innovations, though some historians have argued that his tactics were not particularly impressive nor revolutionary. Nevertheless, Shingen

962-519: The confusion continued as those who were ordered to subjugate them refused to dispatch troops. Another person who died in the incident was Yamana Hirotaka (Shugo of Iwami province ), Kyogoku Takakazu (Shugo of Yamashiro , Izumo , Oki and Hida province ), and Ouchi Mochiyo (Shugo of Suo , Nagato , Buzen and Chikuzen province ). Mitsusuke confined himself in Yamashiro Castle, and died with 69 members of his family on October 12, after he

999-655: The governorship of Aki province in 1221. Takeda Nobutake († 1362) was the last Takeda Shugo of the two provinces of Kai and Aki. His elder son Nobunari received Kai and the younger Ujinobu received Aki province. The Aki Takeda was granted the governorship of Wakasa province in 1440. The Wakasa Takeda clan was established in Wakasa Province in present-day southern Fukui Prefecture , and separates from Aki province in 1500, when Takeda Motonobu (1461-1521) ruled Wakasa, while his uncle Takeda Mototsuna (1441-1505) ruled Aki. The Wakasa Takeda were known for their patronage of

1036-512: The governorship of Tango province (1469). His brother Takeda Kuninobu (1437–90) inherited the titles of Shugo of Aki, Wakasa, and Tango provinces, but lost Tango in 1474. Until the Sengoku period , the Takeda were Shugo of the provinces of Kai (since Yoritomo), Aki (since 1221), and Wakasa (since 1440). Immediately prior to the Sengoku period, the Takeda helped to suppress the Rebellion of Uesugi Zenshū (1416–1417). Uesugi Zenshū (d. 1417)

1073-579: The power of the shogunate by defeating Mochiuji, who committed suicide the following year as dissatisfaction with Yoshinori continued to grow. During this period, Ming Chinese contacts were increased and Zen Buddhism gained influence, which had broad cultural consequences. For example, the Hon-dō or main hall at Ikkyu-ji is today the oldest standing Tang -style temple in the Yamashiro (southern Kyoto Prefecture) and Yamato (Nara Prefecture) Provinces. It

1110-479: The ships belonging principally to three different kinds of owners: the Muromachi shōgun , shrines and temples, and the shugo daimyō . In 1441, Yoshinori granted the Shimazu clan suzerainty over the Ryūkyū Islands . Yoshinori was notorious for his oppressive measures and unpredictable dictatorial whims. In 1441, Yoshinori was assassinated by Akamatsu Noriyasu, son of Akamatsu Mitsusuke who invited him to

1147-488: The strategy of an entire troop. Sections by Kosaka Masanobu express his views on the warrior code in relation to the connection between lord and vassal. He compares Shingen to the ideal lord, and contrasts him to his son Takeda Katsuyori , whose poor leadership quickly led to the downfall of the clan. Takeda family The Takeda are descendants of the Emperor Seiwa (858–876), the 56th Emperor of Japan, and are

Kōyō Gunkan - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-578: Was believed that Hachiman 's influence had affected this auspicious choice. Yoshinori was appointed shōgun in 1429, one year before the surrender of the Southern Court . However during his reign, several rebellions erupted, including the Ōtomo rebellion and the uprising of rebel monks on Mount Hiei , both occurring in 1433; and the Eikyō Rebellion occurred under the leadership of Kantō kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji in 1438. Yoshinori strengthened

1221-597: Was built in 1434 and was dedicated by Yoshinori. The Yasaka Pagoda at Hokanji in Kyoto was destroyed by fire in 1436 but was reconstructed four years later by Yoshinori. Earlier in 1432, the samurai Akamatsu Mitsusuke had fled the region and later murders Yoshinori in the Kakitsu Incident; Akamatsu is in turn killed by Yamana. In 1432, trade and diplomatic relations between the shogunate and Ming China were restored. Both had been discontinued by Yoshimochi. The Chinese emperor reached out to Japan by sending

1258-470: Was initially successful, briefly achieving the largest extent of Takeda rule. However, he was defeated in the Battle of Nagashino in 1575 by Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu . After Nagashino, the Takeda clan fell into sharp decline as it had lost many of its most notable samurai during the battle. Katsuyori's position within the clan also became precarious (as he did not fully inherit the clan leadership position); in 1582, two of his relatives defected to

1295-677: Was known as Takeda Yoshikiyo. In the 12th century, at the end of the Heian period, the Takeda family-controlled Kai Province . Along with a number of other families, they supported their cousin Minamoto no Yoritomo against the Taira clan in the Genpei War (1180–85). When Yoritomo was first defeated at Ishibashiyama (1181), Takeda Nobuyoshi (1128–86) was applied for help, and the Takeda sent an army of 25,000 soldiers to support Yoritomo. Takeda Nobumitsu (1162–1248), son of Nobuyoshi, fought against

1332-456: Was the kanrei chief advisor to Ashikaga Mochiuji , an enemy of the central Ashikaga shogunate and the Kantō kubō governor-general of the Kantō region . Mochiuji, lord of the Uesugi clan , made a reprisal against the Takeda clan in 1415. This reprisal began a rivalry between the Uesugi and Takeda clans which would last roughly 150 years until the destruction of the Takeda clan at the end of

1369-431: Was the son of the third shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu . His childhood name was Harutora ( 春寅 ). In 1433, he initiated the compilation of the last imperial waka anthology, Shinshoku Kokinwakashū , but was not satisfied with its compilation agenda which undermined his authority. After the death of the fifth shōgun Ashikaga Yoshikazu in 1425, the fourth Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimochi resumed his role as head of

#20979