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57-1455: (Redirected from Constituante ) National Constituent Assembly may refer to: Constituent assembly , a body of representatives assembled to draft or adopt a constitution Specific assemblies [ edit ] ( alphabetical by country or state ) A – C [ edit ] 1972 Bahraini Constituent Assembly election Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh (1971–1973) Bolivian Constituent Assembly (various, from 1825 to 1967) Bolivian Constituent Assembly of 2006–07 Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1823) Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1933–1934) Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1988) Cambodia Constituent Assembly (1993) Constituent Assembly of Colombia (1991) Constituent Assembly of Costa Rica (1949) D – I [ edit ] Ecuadorian Constituent Assembly (2007–2008) National Assembly (Eritrea) (1997) 1919 Estonian Constituent Assembly election National Constituent Assembly (France) (1789–1791) Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919–1921) Constituent Assembly of India (1946–1950) Constituent Assembly of Italy (1946–1948) J – P [ edit ] Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir (1951–1957) Constituent Assembly of Lithuania (1920–1922) Constituent Assembly of Luxembourg (1848) Constituent Assembly of Pakistan (1947) Constituent Assembly (Philippines) ,

114-675: A National Constituent Assembly ( Assemblée nationale constituante ) was formed when representatives assembled at the only location available – a tennis court – and swore the Tennis Court Oath on June 20, 1789, promising that they would not adjourn until they had drafted a new constitution for France. Louis XVI recognized the validity of the National Constituent Assembly on June 27, 1789. See also 1848 French Constituent Assembly election . Parlamentarischer Rat (Parliamentary Council) (1948) – Drafted

171-553: A "future" constitution of Israel, as well as "regular" statutory legislation. Jon Elster Jon Elster ( / ˈ ɛ l s t ər / ; born 22 February 1940, Oslo ) is a Norwegian philosopher and political theorist who holds the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University and since 2005 professor of social science at the Collège de France . He received his PhD in social science from

228-578: A Constituent Congress was formed with the participation of the States and it enacted the 1824 Constitution . Many disputes aroused between federalists and centralists, which resulted in political instability and in 1836 the Siete Leyes (Seven Laws) were enacted. The Siete Leyes dissolved the federation and created a unitary republic, but that ended in 1846 when the Constitutive and Reforms Act

285-448: A constituent assembly elected by universal suffrage for the sole task of writing a new constitution. And there are all sorts of intermediate arrangements." Australia held four constitutional conventions, one each in 1891, 1897, 1973, and 1998 . The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was the first and, to date, the only constitution-making body of Bangladesh, convened in 1972 by the government of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman following

342-399: A foundation in game theory (the economic notion that people make choices based on the expected benefits and the choices others are likely to make). Elster wrote numerous books attempting to use rational choice theory for a wide variety of social explanations. "Rational choice theory is far more than a technical tool for explaining behaviour," he once wrote. "It is also, and very importantly,

399-401: A new constitution and passed it unanimously with 25 votes and no abstentions. On 20 October 2012 the parliament put the bill to a national referendum, in which 67% of the voters supported the bill. Further, 67% of the voters supported equal voting rights (one person, one vote) and 83% supported national ownership of natural resources, two key provisions of the bill. Parliament has failed to ratify

456-470: A new constitution for Sri Lanka . Constituent Assembly of Turkey was established in 1961 after the 1960 Turkish coup d'état to prepare a democratic constitution . The constitution was prepared and approved by the voters in a referendum of 1961. The U.S. Constitutional Convention drafted the still-current United States Constitution in 1787. Its delegates were appointed by the states, not directly elected, and not all states sent delegates; moreover,

513-438: A provision of the 1987 Constitution National Constituent Assembly (Portugal) (1911) Constituent Assembly of Portugal (1975–1976) R – Z [ edit ] Russian Constituent Assembly (1917–1918) Constituent Assembly of Tunisia (2011–2014) Ukrainian Constituent Assembly (1917–1918) 1999 Constituent National Assembly , Venezuela 2017 Constituent National Assembly , Venezuela Topics referred to by

570-422: A review essay. "The breadth and depth of his writings are striking in a time of high specialisation; he is read and discussed by political scientists, legal scholars, economists and philosophers. His work is difficult to summarise in a slogan, but ... it is generally informed by a broad and deep acquaintance with relevant literature in economics, political science, history, philosophy, and psychology." A student of

627-695: A situation that led to the dissolution of Congress by Iturbide on October 31, 1822, without a formal Constitution being enacted. After the dissolution of Congress, Iturbide created the National Instituent Junta , which enacted the Provisional Political Bylaws of the Mexican Empire on December 18, 1822. The dissolution of Congress had resulted in an armed revolution under the Plan de Casa Mata , which called for

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684-879: A way of coming to grips with ourselves - not only what we should do, but even what we should be." He attempted to apply it to topics as varied as politics ( Political Psychology ), bias and constrained preferences ( Sour Grapes ), emotions ( Alchemies of the Mind ), self-restraint ( Ulysses and the Sirens , which was selected for the Norwegian Sociology Canon ), Marxism ( Making Sense of Marx ), and more. In doing so, he elucidated many issues with simplistic notions of rational choice: endogenous preference formation (certain actions today can change preferences tomorrow, so how does one decide which preferences one prefers?), framing (people express different preferences when

741-757: Is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters . He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , of the American Philosophical Society , of the Academia Europaea , and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy . Elster is doctor honoris causa at the universities of Valencia , Stockholm , Oslo , Trondheim (NTNU) , Louvain-la-Neuve , Torcuato di Tella , and

798-415: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Constituent assembly Unlike forms of constitution-making in which a constitution is unilaterally imposed by a sovereign lawmaker, the constituent assembly creates a constitution through "internally imposed" actions, in that members of the constituent assembly are themselves citizens, but not necessarily

855-642: Is granted 12 months to draft a new constitution, which has to be ratified by referendum once written, with compulsory voting . Immediately after the 1948 Costa Rican Civil War that overthrew the Rafael Angel Calderón Government, the leaders of the victorious side called for the election of a Constituent Assembly in the same year. The Assembly successfully drafted and approved the current Costa Rican Constitution. The Danish Constituent Assembly ( Danish : Den Grundlovgivende Rigsforsamling ; lit. The Constitution giving Assembly of

912-758: Is known as Constitution Day in Denmark. The European Convention (2001) drafted the Constitution for Europe for approval by the European Council and ratification by the member states . This constitution was abandoned after being rejected in French and Dutch referendums , and was replaced by the Treaty of Lisbon in 2007. During the French Revolution (from July 1789 to September 1791)

969-721: The Basic Law of the Federal Republic for ratification by the Länder . This council was not recognized as legitimate by Soviet-occupied East Germany , which drafted its own constitution in 1949 and would not accept the Basic Law until German reunification in 1990. On 27 November 2010, Iceland held an election for a constitutional assembly , with 522 people competing for 25 delegate seats. The assembly, in session for four months from early April until late July 2011, drafted

1026-539: The National University of Colombia . He is honorary professor at the University of Chongqing . Much of Elster's writing is characterized by attempts to use analytical theories, especially rational choice theory , as a springboard for philosophical and ethical analysis, with numerous examples from literature and history. "Elster has made important contributions to several fields," Daniel Little wrote in

1083-652: The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation Torolf Elster , and poet Magli Elster . He earned his PhD in 1972 from the École Normale Superieure in Paris with a dissertation on Karl Marx under the direction of Raymond Aron . Elster was a member of the September Group for many years but left in the early 1990s. Elster previously taught at the University of Oslo in the department of history and held an endowed chair at

1140-841: The Polish-Russian War of 1792 and the Third Partition of Poland . The Philippines has had several conventions: The Russian Constituent Assembly was established in Russia in the wake of the October Revolution of 1917 to form a new constitution after the overthrow of the Russian Provisional Government . The Sri Lankan Parliament approved the creation of a Sri Lanka Constitutional Assembly on March 9, 2016, proposed by Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe . The assembly will draft

1197-622: The United Kingdom , New Zealand and Israel are examples. In these countries there is no need to call constituent assemblies, and no provision to do so, as the legislature can effectively modify the constitution. Although it lacks a written constitution, the United Kingdom has had several conventions at the subnational level including: The constitution of New Zealand consists of a collection of statutes (Acts of Parliament), Treaties, Orders-in-Council, Letters Patent, decisions of

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1254-669: The University of Chicago , teaching in the departments of philosophy and political science. He is now Robert K. Merton Professor of Social Sciences with appointments in Political Science and Philosophy at Columbia University and professeur honoraire at the Collège de France . He was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize in 1997, the John von Neumann Award in 2002, and the Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2016. He

1311-482: The interim government of Bangladesh is mulling over convening a new constituent assembly to draft a new inclusive democratic constitution, ensuring the inviolability of human dignity. As of May 2021 Chile is the most recently elected constitutional assembly. The 155 members of this assembly were elected between 15 and 16 May 2021 . The assembly has gender parity (50% females and 50% males) and has 17 seats reserved for people belonging to indigenous peoples. The assembly

1368-412: The philosophy of social science and rational choice theory . He is also a notable proponent of analytical Marxism , and a critic of neoclassical economics and public choice theory , largely on behavioral and psychological grounds. In 2016, he was awarded the 22nd Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science for his contributions to political science . Elster is the son of journalist/author and CEO of

1425-435: The École Normale Superieure in 1972. He has previously taught at the University of Paris , the University of Oslo , and the University of Chicago , where he became professor of political science in 1984. Since 1995, he has held the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University , as well as being professor of social science at the Collège de France since 2005. Elster has authored works in

1482-599: The Congress enacted the Constitutional Decree for the Liberty of Mexican America ( Decreto Constitucional para la Libertad de la América Mexicana ), known as the Constitution of Apatzingán . The 1814 Constitution entered into force in the territories dominated by the insurgents, but as the war continued and the first insurgent leaders (like Morelos) were defeated, it was largely forgotten. After independence

1539-590: The Constituent Assembly started functioning as India's Parliament. Dr.B. R. Ambedkar drafted the Constitution of India in conjunction with the requisite deliberations and debates in the Constituent Assembly. The Assembly approved the Constitution on November 26, 1949 (celebrated as Constitution Day ), and it took effect on January 26, 1950 — a day now commemorated as Republic Day in India. Once

1596-627: The Constitution took effect, the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of India. The Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia was established to draw up a permanent constitution. Its membership was elected in November 1955, and it met for the first time in November 1956. After four sessions, it failed to agree on the fundamental basis for the state. It was dissolved in 1959, and the original constitution imposed by presidential decree.(OTP) The Constituent Assembly of Italy

1653-565: The Courts and unwritten constitutional conventions. Because it is not supreme law, the constitution is comparatively easy to reform, requiring only a majority of Members of Parliament to amend it. The constitutional law of Israel is determined by the Knesset which, since 1949, serves as the country's ongoing constituent assembly. The Knesset has the power to create Basic Laws of Israel , laws which are entrenched legislation and will become part of

1710-693: The Realm ) of 1848 established the Constitution of Denmark in 1849 ( Danish : Danmarks Riges Grundlov ; lit. The Constitutional Act of the Realm of Denmark ) and formalized the transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy . The assembly consisted of members of which 114 were directly elected in October 1848, 38 were appointed by the king and the rest were government ministers. The constituent assembly met at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen and first met on 23 October 1848. The assembly

1767-501: The bill, however, inviting accusations that the political class is trying to thwart the will of the people by disrespecting the result of the 2012 constitutional referendum. In Ireland , the government elected in March 2011 has committed to establishing constitutional amendments on six specified issues and others it may consider; the government has separately promised amendments on five other issues. The Constituent Assembly of India

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1824-761: The church and Mexican conservatives, and the Plan de Tacubaya called for its derogation. This events led to the Reform War , which the liberals won, then restoring the 1857 Constitution and adding to it the Reform Laws . After the Porfiriato , and whilst the Mexican Revolution was still being fought, President Venustiano Carranza formed a Constituent Congress, which met in Querétaro and enacted

1881-407: The controversies and opposition, Sheikh Mujib's uncompromising leadership enabled the Constituent Assembly to draft and enact the Constitution in less than a year. However, from the time of its drafting until today, the constitution has been often labelled as "fascist" and criticized for fostering autocracy and failing to adequately safeguard human rights. In the aftermath of 2024 mass uprising ,

1938-520: The convention was originally charged with drafting amendments to the Articles of Confederation rather than a new constitution. The US Constitution contains no provision for its own replacement (and because of the presence of entrenched clauses it cannot be revoked through an amendment). Article V of the Constitution does permit Congress to appoint a national constitutional convention to propose amendments but it has never done so. While Congress has

1995-656: The country's independence. It comprised representatives elected in the national and provincial council elections of Pakistan held in 1970. As the assembly was formed with representatives elected under the Legal Framework Order, 1970 , issued by Pakistan's then-military ruler and President Yahya Khan , several political parties and political leaders, including Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani , Badruddin Umar , A.S.M. Abdur Rab , Farhad Mazhar , and others, have labeled this assembly as illegitimate. However, despite

2052-674: The establishment of a Federal Republic and for the restoration of the Constituent Congress. Iturbide was forced to abdicate and he reinstalled the Constituent Congress. The Congress then created a provisional government, called the Triumvirate , and enacted the Constituent Act of the Mexican Federation, by which the former Provinces of Mexico were transformed into free and sovereign States. After this,

2109-525: The existing American constitutions, so that the constituent's assembly could draw upon the latest in constitutional design. The powers of these state constituent assemblies were also highly contested, with some claiming that they had unlimited legal power and others claiming that they must operate within the pre-existing legal landscape. In the end, a common law of constituent power emerged which held that elected constituent assemblies had limited powers. Several U.S. states have held multiple conventions over

2166-520: The formation of the Federal Constitution in 1787 as well as after its ratification. Since 1776 nearly 150 state constitutional conventions have met to draft or revise state constitutions. These early state constitutional conventions frequently did not use procedural steps like popular ratification that became commonplace in the mid-19th century. Yet they were considered to be constituent assemblies that exercised their authority as that of

2223-479: The option to submit both its own proposals for amendments and those of a national convention to state conventions rather than the state legislatures for ratification; this process has been used only once (for the Twenty-first Amendment ). A long tradition in the use of constituent assemblies exists at the state level of Constitutionalism . In fact, constituent assemblies met in the states before

2280-458: The people. As American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War by Christian G. Fritz notes:. "A legitimate constitution depended on whether the sovereign people authorized it, not whether a particular procedure was used or whether revolutionary conventions were free of other responsibilities, such as passing ordinary legislation. It was the people as

2337-702: The philosophy of social science (a topic he investigated through case studies in Explaining Technical Change ), Elster strongly argued that social scientific explanations had to be built on top of methodological individualism (the belief that only individuals, not larger entities like "organizations" or "societies", can actually do things) and microfoundations (explaining big societal changes in terms of individual actions). He criticized Marxists and other social scientists for believing in functionalism (the belief that institutions exist because of their effect on society) and instead tried to give Marxism

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2394-401: The political leaders, of the country for which they are creating a constitution. As described by Columbia University Social Sciences Professor Jon Elster : "Constitutions arise in a number of different ways. At the non-democratic extreme of the spectrum , we may imagine a sovereign lawgiver laying down the constitution for all later generations. At the democratic extreme , we may imagine

2451-440: The power of reason'." His magisterial 500-page book Explaining Social Behavior includes something of a recantation: I now believe that rational-choice theory has less explanatory power than I used to think. Do real people act on the calculations that make up many pages of mathematical appendixes in leading journals? I do not think so. ... There is no general nonintentional mechanism that can simulate or mimic rationality. ... At

2508-499: The same question is asked different ways), imperfect rationality (weakness of the will, emotion, impulsiveness, habit, self-deception) and our adjustments for it, and time preferences , among others. As time went on Elster began to sour on rational choice. A 1991 review in the London Review of Books noted "Elster has lost his bearings, or at least his faith. [His latest books], he says, 'reflects an increasing disillusion with

2565-455: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title National Constituent Assembly . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Constituent_Assembly&oldid=1178999940 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2622-437: The same time, the empirical support ... tends to be quite weak. This is of course a sweeping statement. ... let me simply point out the high level of disagreement among competent scholars ... fundamental, persistent disagreements among 'schools.' We never observe the kind of many-decimal-points precision that would put controversy to rest. The book discusses both rational behavior, but also irrational behavior, which Elster says

2679-673: The sovereign who authorized drafting those first [state] constitutions that gave them their legitimacy, not whether they used procedures that matched what was later understood to be necessary to create fundamental law." American state constituent assemblies in the 19th and 20th centuries reflected many qualities of a citizen's movement. From the start of state American constitution-making, delegates to constitutional conventions studied earlier state models of constitutions. They often self-consciously "borrow[ed]" constitutional text and provisions from other states. They often used in their drafting and debates compact and pocket-sized compilations of all

2736-496: The still-current Political Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1917. Nepal had two Constituent assemblies , the last one being elected after its predecessor failed to deliver a constitution, despite multiple extensions. It also served as the country's parliament. Finally Nepal had made constitution with 89% majority. Nepal has adopted Federalism since. The Great Sejm (also known as Four-Year Sejm )

2793-588: The years to change their particular state's constitutions . All 50 states have had at least one Constitutional Convention, numbering over 233. 11 were illegal and defeated by arms (Confederacy and Dorr's Rebellion). 12 were illegal and won through arms (Revolutionary War, Republic of Texas, and Vermont Republic). 37 were made in accordance with a Federal enabling law. State legislatures put restrictions on conventions that were not followed in these cases. A few countries do not have an entrenched constitution , which can thus be amended by normal legislative procedures;

2850-621: Was consummated on September 27, 1821, and based on the Plan de Iguala and the Treaty of Córdoba , the Provisional Governing Junta was stablished. The Junta proclaimed the Act of Independence of the Mexican Empire and acted as a de facto legislative assembly until February 24, 1822, when the Constituent Congress was gathered. On May 19, 1822, the Constituent Congress proclaimed Agustín de Iturbide as Emperor. The relations between Emperor and Congress were always problematic,

2907-514: Was dissolved on 31 January 1948, to be replaced by the new Parliament of Italy . The Viceroyalty of New Spain sent deputies to the Cortes of Cadiz , which enacted the 1812 Constitution . By the time this Constitution was enacted, an insurgency fighting for independence from Spain was already established. The first Constituent Congress of independent Mexico, known as the Congress of Anahuac ,

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2964-803: Was elected to write the Constitution of India , and served as its first Parliament as an independent nation. It was set up as a result of negotiations between the leaders of the Indian independence movement and members of the British Cabinet Mission . The constituent assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the Provincial legislative assembly, which existed under the British Raj . It first met on December 9, 1946, in Delhi . On August 15, 1947, India became an independent nation, and

3021-408: Was enacted and the 1824 Constitution, and thus the federation, was restored. On October 16, 1854, President Juan Álvarez , under the Plan de Ayutla , decreed the formation of another Constituent Congress, which met in 1856. During the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort , the Constituent Congress enacted the 1857 Constitution , which was liberal in character. The Constitution was not well received by

3078-405: Was established in 1946 in the wake of Fascist Italy 's defeat during World War II. It was elected with universal suffrage, simultaneously with a referendum about the adoption of Republic or the continuation of monarchy. Voters chose Republic, and the new assembly had the task to approve the new republic governments, as well as to write a new constitution. This was approved on 22 December 1947. It

3135-602: Was first gathered in Chilpancingo whilst the war of independence was still ongoing. During the opening of Congress, José María Morelos outlined its program in a document called Sentimientos de la Nación (Feelings of the Nation), which was the first antecedent of the various Constitutions of Mexico. Being persecuted by royalist troops, the Congress fled Chilpancingo and gathered in Apatzingán . On October 22, 1814,

3192-473: Was held between 1788 and 1792. Its principal aim became to restore sovereignty to, and reform, the federative Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth politically and economically. These attempts were made by writing Constitution of 3 May 1791 that was designed to redress long-standing political defects of the Commonwealth and its system of Golden Liberties . The constitution lasted for merely a year because of

3249-641: Was overall split in three different groupings: the National liberals , the Friends of Peasants, and the Conservatives . A key topic for discussion was the political system, and the rules governing elections. On 25 May 1849, the constituent assembly approved the new constitution, and on 5 June 1849 it was signed by King Frederick VII . For this reason, it is also known as the June constitution . Today, 5 June

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