74-637: Others In terms of Ihsan : Present Pakistan United Kingdom Bangladesh Sri Lanka South Africa The Barelvi movement , also known as Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah (People of the Prophet's Way and the Community) is a Sunni revivalist movement that generally adheres to the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of jurisprudence, and Maturidi and Ash'ari schools of theology with hundreds of millions of followers, and it encompasses
148-573: A Nabi Ummati , a subordinate prophet to Muhammad who came to restore Islam to the pristine form as practiced by Muhammad and early Sahaba . Khan declared Mirza Ghulam Ahmad a heretic and apostate and called him and his followers disbelievers ( kuffar ). The theological difference with the Deobandi school began when Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi objected in writing to some of the following beliefs of Deobandi scholars. When Ahmed Raza Khan visited Mecca and Medina for pilgrimage in 1905, he prepared
222-420: A subset of those who are mu'min , and those who are mu'min are a subset of muslims : From the preceding discussion it should be clear that not every Muslim is a man or woman of faith ( mu'min ), but every person of faith is a Muslim . Furthermore, a Muslim who believes in all the principles of Islam may not necessarily be a righteous person, a doer of good ( muhsin ), but a truly good and righteous person
296-532: A ' Wahhabi ' due to his support for Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 's ideology. Similarly, founder of Khairabad school, Allama Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi in 1825 in his book 'Tahqîqul-Fatâwâ' and Allama Fazle-Rasûl Badayûnî in his book 'Saiful-Jabbâr' issued Fatwas against the founders of Ahl-i Hadith and Deobandi movements Fazle Haq Khairabadi Islamic scholar and leader of 1857 rebellion issued fatwas against Wahhabi Ismail Dehlvi for his doctrine of God's alleged ability to lie (Imkan-i-Kizb) from Delhi in 1825. Ismail
370-474: A choice of giving water to a thirsty infidel or to a dog, a believer should make the offering to dog. In 1905, Khan, on the request of contemporaries from Hijaz, wrote a verdict on the permissibility of using paper as a form of currency, entitled Kifl-ul-Faqeehil fehim Fe Ahkam-e-Kirtas Drahim . Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed to be the Messiah , Prophet, and Mahdi awaited by some Muslims as well as
444-462: A draft document entitled Al Motamad Al Mustanad ("The Reliable Proofs"). In this work, Ahmad Raza branded Deobandi leaders such as Ashraf Ali Thanwi , Rashid Ahmad Gangohi , and Qasim Nanotwi and those who followed them as kuffar . Khan collected scholarly opinions in the Hejaz and compiled them in an Arabic language compendium with the title, Hussam al Harmain ("The Sword of Two Sanctuaries"),
518-589: A light which predates creation. The primordial reality of Muhammad existed before creation, and God created for the sake of Muhammad. Adherents of this doctrine believe that the word Nur (light) in the Quran 5:15 refers to Muhammad. Sahl al-Tustari , the ninth-century Sunni Quran commentator, describes the creation of Muhammad's primordial light in his tafsir . Mansur Al-Hallaj (al-Tustari's student) affirms this doctrine in his book, Ta Sin Al-Siraj : That is, in
592-851: A public meeting on 19–20 July 1935 at the Badshahi mosque , and marched directly on the Shaheedganj mosque. Police opened fire on the crowd to kill more than a dozen. Peer Jamaat Ali Shah presided over the first session of the Conference to organize protests against the demolition. He was appointed the Chief of the protests. "Shaheedganj Day" was observed on 20 September 1935 under his leadership. His appointment as leader of this movement garnered support from other Sunni scholars. Fazal Shah of Jalalpur and Ghulam Mohiuddin of Golra Sharif, Zainulabedin Shah of
666-433: A tree at which the knowledge of every person reaches its limit. When there shrouded the lote tree that which shrouded [it]. This means: "that which shrouded" the lote tree ( ay mā yaghshā al-shajara ) was from the light of Muḥammad as he worshipped. It could be likened to golden moths, which God sets in motion towards Him from the wonders of His secrets. All this is in order to increase him [Muḥammad] in firmness ( thabāt ) for
740-629: A variety of Sufi orders , including the Chistis , Qadiris , Suhrawardis and Naqshbandis as well as many other orders of Sufism. They consider themselves to be the continuation of Sunni Islamic orthodoxy before the rise of Salafism and the Deobandi movement. The Barelvi movement is spread across the globe with millions of followers, thousands of mosques, institutions, and organizations in India , Pakistan , Bangladesh , Afghanistan , Sri Lanka ,
814-455: A warrior who accompanied Nader Shah , having migrated from Kandahar (current-day Afghanistan ) to Lahore (current-day Pakistan ) while the family later settled down in Bareilly. His father, Naqi Ali Khan , was an Islamic scholar. The name corresponding to the year of his birth was al-Mukhtar. His birth name was Muhammad. Khan used the appellation "Abd-ul-Mustafa" ("servant of
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#1732772681267888-750: A work containing 34 verdicts from 33 ulama (20 Meccan and 13 Medinese). However, Deobandis claim the evidence provided to the scholars in Arabia were fabricated and that Ahmed Raza Khans takfir of them was unjust, and this initiated a reciprocal series of fatwas between Barelvis and Deobandis which has lasted to the present. Ahmed Raza Khan wrote various books against the beliefs and faith of Shia Muslims and declared various practices of Shia as kufr. He considered most Shiites of his day apostates because, he believed, they repudiated necessities of religion. Ahmed Raza Khan declared Wahhabis as disbelievers ( kuffar ) and collected many fatwas of various scholars against
962-711: Is a 1910 Urdu paraphrase translation of the Qur'an by Khan. It is associated with the Hanafi jurisprudence within Sunni Islam, and is a widely read version of the translation in the Indian Subcontinent. It has been translated into English, Hindi, Bengali, Dutch, Turkish, Sindhi, Gujarati, and Pashto, and also recently translated into Gojri language by Mufti Nazir Ahmed Qadri. Husam ul-Haramain or Husam al-Harmain Ala Munhir Kufr wal-Mayn (The Sword of
1036-604: Is a common theme within classical Sunni literature. The Quran says, O you who believe! Fear Allah and seek a wasila to him (5:35). Further, the Quran says, We sent not the Messenger, but to be obeyed, in accordance with the will of Allah. If they had only, when they were unjust to themselves, come to the Messenger and asked Allah's forgiveness, and the Messenger had (also) asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah indeed Oft-returning, Most Merciful. (Al-Qur'an, Surah an-Nisa, 4:64) The belief that Muhammad intercedes
1110-500: Is a matter of taking one's inner faith ( iman ) and showing it in both deed and action, a sense of social responsibility borne from religious convictions. In Islam , Ihsan is the Muslim responsibility to obtain perfection, or excellence, in worship, such that Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see Him, they undoubtedly believe that He is constantly watching over them. That definition comes from
1184-648: Is both a Muslim and a true person of faith. Some Islamic scholars explain ihsan as being the inner dimension of Islam whereas shariah is often described as the outer dimension. Ihsan "constitutes the highest form of worship" ( ibadah ). It is excellence in work and in social interactions. For example, ihsan includes sincerity during Muslim prayers and being grateful to parents, family, and God. Ahmad Raza Khan Present Pakistan United Kingdom Bangladesh Sri Lanka South Africa Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (14 June 1856–28 October 1921), known reverentially as A'la Hazrat ,
1258-535: Is considered as an intellectual ancestor of Deobandis. This refutation of traditional scholars against newly emerging Wahabi sect influenced Sunni scholars such as Ahmed Raza Khan Qadri and paved the way for more organised movement which later came to be known as Ahle-Sunnat movement in South Asia. The movement formed as a defense of the traditional mystic practices of South Asia, which it sought to prove and support. The Ahl-i Sunnat or Sunni Barelwi movement began in
1332-489: Is found in Sunni books such as Rumi 's Fihi Ma Fihi : Mohammed is not called "unlettered" [Ummi] because he was incapable of writing or reading. He is called "unlettered" [Ummi] because with him writing and wisdom were innate, not taught. He who inscribes characters on the face of the moon, is such a man not able to write? And what is there in all the world that he does not know, seeing that all people learn from him? What can
1406-416: Is found in various Hadith, as well. A Bedouin of the desert visited the Prophet's tomb and greeted the Prophet, addressing him directly as if he were alive. "Peace upon you, Messenger of God!" Then he said, "I heard the word of God 'If, when they had wronged themselves . . .,' I came to you seeking pardon for my mistakes, longing for your intercession with our Lord!" The Bedouin then recited a poem in praise of
1480-528: Is of the tidings of the Unseen which We inspire in thee (Muhammad). Thou thyself knewest it not, nor did thy folk (know it) before this. Then have patience. Lo! the sequel is for those who ward off (evil).[Surah Hud (11), verse 49] Ihsan Ihsan ( Arabic : إحسان ʾiḥsān , also romanized ehsan ), is an Arabic term meaning "to do beautiful things", "beautification", "perfection", or "excellence" (Arabic: husn , lit. ' beauty ' ). Ihsan
1554-777: Is published in Arabic , Urdu , English, Turkish and Hindi . Fatawa Razawiyya or the full name al-Ataya fi-Nabaviah Fatawa-i Razawiyya (translates to Verdicts of Imam Ahmed Raza by the blessings of the Prophet) is the main fatwa (Islamic verdicts on various issues) book of his movement. It has been published in 30 volumes and in approx. 22,000 pages. It contains solutions to daily problems from religion to business and from war to marriage. He reached judgments with regard to certain practices and faith in his book Fatawa-i Razawiyya , including: He wrote na'at (devotional poetry in praise of Muhammad) and always discussed him in
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#17327726812671628-468: Is that Muhammad helps in this life and in the afterlife. According to this doctrine, God helps the living through Muhammad. Sunni Muslims of the Barelvi movement believe that any ability that Muhammad has to help others is from God. The help received from Muhammad is therefore considered God's help. Proponents of this belief look to the Quran 4:64 for proof that God prefers to help through Muhammad. One of
1702-848: The Ahl-E-Sunnat wal Jamat . Ahmed Raza Khan died in October 1921 (Safar 1340 AH ) at the age of 65. He is buried in Bareilly Sharif Dargah . Imam Ahmed Raza Khan wrote several hundred books in Arabic, Persian, and Urdu, including the thirty-volume fatwa compilation Fatawa Razawiyya , and Kanz ul-Iman (Translation & Explanation of the Qur'an ). Several of his books have been translated into European and South Asian languages. He also wrote many books on science and physics. Kanz ul-Iman (Urdu and Arabic: کنزالایمان )
1776-511: The Awliya and Salihin (the saints and the pious). In 1323 Hijri (1905), Ahmad Raza went for his second Haj. Allamah Shaikh Saleh Kamal a Alim of Makkatul Mukarrama, he presented five questions to Ahmad Raza on behalf of the Ulema of Makkatul Mukarrama, this question was asked by Makkatul Mukarrama Wahhabi Ulema regarding Knowledge of the knowledge of Unseen (Ilm-e-Ghaib). At that time Ahmed Raza
1850-734: The Bhangi misl Sikh army conquered Lahore and occupied the mosque. The Muslims were not allowed to enter and pray, although Sikhs were given the right to pray. The Sikhs built a gurdwara in the courtyard while the Mosque building was used as a residence for the Sikh priest. On 17 April 1850, a case was in Punjab High Court. Several suits were filed between 1853 and 1883 to recover the Shaheed Ganj Mosque, but courts maintained
1924-523: The Deobandi movement in South Asia and the Wahhabi movement elsewhere. Imam Ahmed Raza Khan supported Tawassul , Mawlid , Prophet Muhammad's awareness of complete knowledge of the unseen, and other practices which were opposed by Wahhabis , Salafis and Deobandis . In this contrast to the beliefs of the Wahhabis and Deobandis, Ahmed Raza Khan supported the following beliefs: This concept
1998-466: The Deobandi movement , and by his writing and activity became the founder of the Barelvi movement. The movement has spread across the globe with followers in Pakistan , India , South Africa and Bangladesh . The movement now has over 200 million followers globally. The movement was largely a rural phenomenon when began but is currently popular among urban, educated Pakistanis and Indians as well as
2072-547: The Hadith of Gabriel in which Muhammad states, "[Ihsan is] to worship God as though you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, then indeed He sees you". ( Al-Bukhari and Al-Muslim ). According to Muhammad's hadith "God has written ihsan on everything". Ihsan is one of the three dimensions of the Islamic religion ( ad-din ): In contrast to the emphases of islam (what one should do) and iman (why one should do),
2146-753: The Hanafi , Maliki , Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs of fiqh in addition to optionally choosing from one of the Sunni Sufi orders or tariqas , most Barelvis in South Asia follow the Maturidi school of Islamic theology, the Hanafi madhhab of fiqh and the Qadiri or Chishti Sufi orders. Barelvis in Southern parts of India such as Kerala , Karnataka and Tamil Nadu follow Shafi'i maddhab of fiqh and Ashari school of Islamic Theology . Barelvis have mostly
2220-616: The Haramayn at the throat of disbelief and falsehood) 1906, is a treatise which declared infidels the founders of the Deobandi , Ahl-i Hadith and Ahmadiyya movements on the basis that they did not have the proper veneration of Muhammad and finality of prophethood in their writings. In defense of his verdict he obtained confirmatory signatures from 268 scholars in South Asia , and some from scholars in Mecca and Medina . The treatise
2294-836: The United Kingdom , South Africa and other parts of Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and the United States . As of 2000, the movement had around 200 million followers globally but mainly located in Pakistan and India. The movement claim to revive the Sunnah as embodied in the Qur’an, literature of traditions (hadith) and the way of the scholars, as the people had lapsed from the Prophetic traditions. Consequently, scholars took
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2368-673: The 1880s under the leadership of Ahmad Raza Khan (1856-1921), who spent his lifetime writing fatwas (judicial opinion) and later established Islamic schools in 1904 with the Manzar-e-Islam in the Bareilly and other madrasas in Pilibhit and Lahore cities. The Barelvi movement formed as a defense of the traditional mystic practices of South Asia, which it sought to prove and support. The movement views themselves as Sunni or Ahle Sunnat wal Jamaat and according to it main leaders of
2442-671: The Arya Samaj leaders for debates. Mufti Naeemuddin Moradabadi, Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri and Hamid Raza Khan along with a team of Ahle Sunnat scholars through Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa worked in north Indian towns and villages against the Shuddhi movement . The Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa prevented around four hundred thousand conversions to Hinduism in eastern U.P and Rajasthan during its activities under anti- Shuddhi movement. In 1917, Islamic scholar Mufti Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi organized
2516-541: The Barelvi movement has around 200 million followers in the region. Khan is viewed as a Mujaddid , or reviver of Islam by his followers. Khan was born on 10 Shawwal 1272 Hijri corresponds to 14 June 1856 to an Indian Muslim family in the Mohallah of Jasoli in Bareilly district , North-Western Provinces , British India . The family belonged to the Barech tribe of Pashtuns , his ancestor Muhammad Saeedullah Khan,
2590-681: The Conference demanded to respect the Holy and sacred places of the Muslims. The third Conference held on 27–30 April 1946 at Benaras discussed the disturbed condition of the country and possible solution for the Muslims in the wake of demand for Pakistan . Several Sufi Barelvi scholars supported the All-India Muslim League and Pakistan's demand claiming that Congress aimed at establishing Hindu state and arguing, that Muslims need to have their own country. Few Barelvi scholars opposed
2664-531: The Friends of God ), describing how Sufis may experience the presence of Muhammad. Proponents of this doctrine assert that the term Shahid (witness) in the Quran ( 33:45 , 4:41 ) refers to this ability of Muhammad, and cite hadiths to support it. This concept was interpreted by Shah Abdul Aziz in Tafsir Azizi in these words: "The Prophet is observing everybody, knows their good and bad deeds, and knows
2738-734: The Gilani family from Multan and Anjuman Hizb-ul-Ahnaf from Lahore offered support to Shah's leadership. This consensus created a religious and political base which reduced urban-rural differences. The struggle continued for several years. Ahle Sunnat established in 1925 a body of Islamic scholars and Sufis named All India Sunni Conference, in the wake of Congress led secular Indian nationalism , changing geo-political situation of India. Islamic scholars and popular leaders Jamaat Ali Shah , Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi , Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri , Amjad Ali Aazmi , Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni , Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi and Pir Syed Faiz-ul Hassan Shah were
2812-525: The Khairabad School. Fazle Haq Khairabadi Islamic scholar and leader of 1857 rebellion issued fatwas against Wahabi Ismail Dehlvi for his doctrine of God's alleged ability to lie ( imkan-i kizb ) from Delhi in 1825. Ismail is considered as an intellectual ancestor of Deobandis. The movement emphasizes personal devotion to and oneness of God i.e. tawhid and the finality of prophethood, adherence to sharia and in fiqh following
2886-489: The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) is anything but a part. But what a patent and tremendous difference between one part [the Prophet's] and another [anyone else's]: like the difference between the sky and the earth, or rather even greater and more immense. Raza Khan was emphatic in opposing the Hindu influences on Muslim identity. To differentiate between a Muslim and a Infidel he emphatically said: Presented with
2960-493: The Prophet and departed. The person who witnessed the story says that he fell asleep, and in a dream he saw the Prophet saying to him, "O 'Utbi, rejoin our brother the Bedouin and announce [to] him the good news that God has pardoned him!" Syrian Islamic scholars Salih al-Nu'man, Abu Sulayman Suhayl al-Zabibi, and Mustafa ibn Ahmad al-Hasan al-Shatti al-Hanbali al-Athari al-Dimashqi have similarly released fatwas in support of
3034-483: The South Asian diaspora throughout the world. The efforts of Khan and his associate scholars to establish a movement to counter the Deobandi and Ahl-i Hadith movements resulted to in the institutionalization of diverse Sufi movements and their allies in various parts of the world. Khan founded an organization Jamat Raza E Mustafa , on 17 December 1920 with the aim of progress, unity and religious education of
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3108-641: The Wahhabi movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab , who was predominant in the Arabian peninsula , just as he had done with the Ahmadis and Deobandis. Until this day, Khan's followers remain opposed to the Wahhabi movement and their beliefs. Unlike other Muslim leaders in the region at the time, Khan and his movement opposed the Indian independence movement due to its leadership under Mahatma Gandhi , who
3182-482: The basis of writings of Mawlana Ahmed Raza Khan Barelwi. The Database of Religious History refers the movement as the Ahl-e-Sunnat wa Jamaat (often, Ahl-e-Sunnat) which has a very strong presence in South Asia. Professor Usha Sanyal , an expert on 'Ahl-i Sunnat Movement', referred the movement as Ahl-i Sunnat. She wrote that the movement refer to themselves as 'Sunnis' in their literature and prefer to be known by
3256-489: The beginning when God, Glorified and Exalted is He, created him as a light within a column of light ( nūran fī ʿamūd al-nūr ), a million years before creation, with the essential characteristics of faith ( ṭabāʾiʿ al-īmān ), in a witnessing of the unseen within the unseen ( mushāhadat al-ghayb bi'l-ghayb ). He stood before Him in servanthood ( ʿubūdiyya ), by the lote tree of the Ultimate Boundary [53:14], this being
3330-666: The belief. Al-Suyuti , in his book History of the Caliphs , also reports Caliph Umar’s prayer for rain after the death of Muhammad, and specifies that on that occasion, Umar was wearing his mantle ( al-burda )—a detail confirming his tawassul through Muhammad. Sahih al-Bukhari narrates a similar situation as: Whenever there was drought, ' Umar bin Al-Khattab used to ask Allah for rain through Al-'Abbas ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib , saying, "O Allah! We used to request our Prophet to ask You for rain, and You would give us. Now we request
3404-645: The chosen one") prior to signing his name in correspondence. According to Hayat-e-Aala Hazrat written by Malik Zafaruddin Bihari, some of his famous teachers included: In the year 1294 A.H. (1877), at the age of 22 years, Ahmed Raza became the Mureed (disciple) of Shah Aale Rasool Marehrawi. His Murshid bestowed him with Khilafat in several Sufi Silsilas . Some Islamic scholars received permission from him to work under his guidance. Imam Ahmed Raza wrote extensively in defense of his views, countered Wahhabism and
3478-501: The community. This view of Khan's was similar to other reformers Syed Ahmed Khan and Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy . The Muslim League mobilized the Muslim masses to campaign for Pakistan, and many of Khan's followers played a significant and active role in the Pakistan Movement at educational and political fronts. Many religious schools, organizations, and research institutions teach Khan's ideas, which emphasize
3552-471: The concept of ihsan is primarily associated with intention. One who "does what is beautiful" is called a muhsin . It is generally held that a person can only achieve true Ihsan with the help and guidance of God , who governs all things. While traditionally Islamic jurists have concentrated on islam and theologians on iman , the Sufis have focused their attention on ihsan . Those who are muhsin are
3626-435: The duty of reminding Muslims go back to the ‘ideal’ way of Islam. The movement drew inspiration from the Sunni doctrines of Shah Abdur Rahim (1644-1719) founder of Madrasah-i Rahimiyah and one of the compiler of Fatawa-e-Alamgiri . Shah Abdur Rahim is father of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi . The movement also drew inspiration from Shah Abdul Aziz Muhaddith Dehlavi (1746 –1824) and Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (1796–1861) founder of
3700-531: The four schools, following the Ilm al-Kalam and Sufi practices such as veneration of and seeking help from saints among other things associated with Sufism. The movement defines itself as the most authentic representative of Sunnī Islam, Ahl-i-Sunnat wa-al-Jamāʿat (The people who adhere to the Prophetic Tradition and preserve the unity of the community). Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921) who
3774-589: The historical Jama'at Raza-e-Mustafa conference at Jamia Naeemia Moradabad U.P, with a mission to curb, and if possible reverse, the tide of re-conversions threatening the Muslim community in the wake of the Shuddhi movement. Shaheed Ganj Mosque was commissioned in 1722 during the reign of Mughal Emperor Alamgir II and built by Abdullah Khan. The construction was completed in 1753. It was located in Naulakha Bazaar area of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. In 1762,
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#17327726812673848-430: The influx [of graces] (mawārid) which he received [from above]. According to Stūdīyā Islāmīkā , all Sufi orders are united in the belief in the light of Muhammad. Another central doctrine of this movement is that Muhammad is a viewer and witness (حاضر و ناظر, Ḥāḍir-o nāẓir) actions of people. The doctrine appears in works predating the movement, such as Sayyid Uthman Bukhari's (d. ca. 1687) Jawahir al-Quliya ( Jewels of
3922-419: The intercession of Muhammad, the knowledge of Muhammad, the "Nur Muhammadiyya" (Light of Muhammad), and whether Muhammad witnesses the actions of people. All jurists comprising Shafi'i , Maliki , Hanafi and Hanbali unanimously agree the on the permissibly of tawassul whether during the lifetime of Muhammad or after it. Tawassul is a fundamental belief of all traditional Sunni movements. The belief
3996-555: The main leaders. In 1925, its first Conference was attended by three hundred Ulema and Mashaikh. AISC focus was on Unity, brotherhood, preaching and protection of Islamic faith with a stress on need for acquiring modern education for Muslims. The Second Conference was held in Badaun U.P in October 1935 under the Presidency of Jamaat Ali Shah. It discussed Shaheed Ganj Mosque Movement. and openly opposed Ibn Saud 's policies in Arabia,
4070-646: The movement including Imam Ahmad Riza Khan, did not invent new sect but defended traditional Sunni Islam. According to Ahle Sunnat scholars, Deobandis have created a new sect. The Sunni madrasas of this movement have rarely, if ever, been involved in extremist politics and militancy. Hindu Arya Samaj , through its founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati initiated converting Muslims back in to Hinduism specially in North India , and Punjab in early 1900s. They became active in Bharatpur State and they also preached to
4144-399: The neo-Muslim Malkanas, in Etawah, Kanpur, Shahajahnpur, Hardoi, Meerut and Mainpuri in the western United Provinces, exhorting them to return to what they believed was their 'ancestral religion'. As a result, the movement became controversial and it also antagonized the Muslims populace To counter this movement Indian Muslims started Islamic Dawa work among the Muslim population and challenged
4218-455: The partial intellect know that the Universal Intellect [Muhammad] does not possess? Allah has sent down to you the Book and Wisdom and has taught to you what you did not know, and great is the grace of Allah upon you" [Sura an-Nisa, verse 113]. Imam Jalal udin Al-Suyuti writes: (Taught to you what you did not know) means that Allah Most High has told the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) of Ahkam and Unseen. Qur'an states: This
4292-425: The partition of India and the League's demand to be seen as the only representative of Indian Muslims. Main roles played by Ahle Sunnat movement scholars and leaders : Like other Sunni Muslims, they base their beliefs on the Quran and Sunnah and believe in monotheism and the prophethood of Muhammad . Although Barelvis may follow any one of the Ashari and Maturidi schools of Islamic theology and one of
4366-399: The present tense with the belief that he is able to listen. They believe that Muhammad is a Rahmah (mercy) to all creation as mentioned in the Quran 21:107 . Muhammad therefore is a means by which God expresses his attribute, Ar-Rahman , to creation. A central doctrine of this movement is that Muhammad is both human and (Noor) light. Muhammad's physical birth was preceded by his existence as
4440-508: The present tense. His main book of poetry is Hadaiq-e-Bakhshish . His poems, which deal for the most part with the qualities of Muhammad, often have a simplicity and directness. His Urdu couplets, entitled Mustafa Jaane Rahmat pe Lakhon Salaam (Hundreds of Thousands of Salutations upon Mustafa, the Paragon of Mercy), are recited in mosques globally. They contain praise of Muhammad, his physical appearance (verses 33 to 80), his life and times, praise of his family and companions, praise of
4514-456: The primacy of Islamic law along with the adherence to Sufi practices and personal devotion to Muhammad. Imam Ahmed Raza Khan had two sons and five daughters. His sons Hamid Raza Khan and Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri are celebrated scholars of Islam. Hamid Raza Khan was his appointed successor. After him Mustafa Raza Khan succeeded his father, who then appointed Akhtar Raza Khan as his successor. His son, Mufti Asjad Raza Khan now succeeds him as
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#17327726812674588-469: The same beliefs and structure of Sunni Sufis around the world as they celebrate Mawlid , belief in Taqleed , belief in Sufi saints and follow Sufi orders . The movement is defined by a set of theological positions that revolve around the persona of Muhammad and his special, if not exceptional, relationship and status with God . Several beliefs and practices differentiate the movement from others (particularly Deobandis and Wahhabis including beliefs in
4662-408: The status quo. On 29 June 1935, the Sikhs announced that they would demolish the Shaheed Ganj Mosque. Several thousand Muslims assembled in front of the mosque to protect it. But, on the night of 7 July 1935 the Sikhs demolished the mosque, leading to riots and disorder in Lahore. Ahle Sunnat scholar and Sufi Peer Jamaat Ali Shah of Sialkot, Pakistan, led the Shaheed Ganj Mosque movement. Muslims held
4736-423: The strength of faith (Imaan) of every individual Muslim and what has hindered his spiritual progress." Hafiz Ibn Kathir says: "You are witness of the oneness of Allah Almighty and that there is no God except Allah. You will bear evidence about the actions and deed of whole mankind on the day of judgment. (Tafseer Ibne Katheer, Vol. 3, Page 497). A fundamental Sunni Barelvi belief is that Muhammad has knowledge of
4810-500: The title of Ahle Sunnat wa Jama'at a reference to the perception of them, as forming an international majority amongst Sunnis, although Barelvi is the term used by section of media to refer to this specific movement arising from Sunni Islam. Main leaders of Ahle Sunnat movement Imam Ahmad Raza Khan and other scholars never used the term 'Barelvi' to identify themselves or their movement; they saw themselves as Sunni Muslims defending traditional Sunni beliefs from deviations. Only later
4884-579: The titles of the Prophet is "shaafi," or "one who performs intercession." Other spiritual leaders who will act as intermediaries will be prophets, martyrs, huffaz of the Quran, angels, or other pious people whom God deems fit. Jesus's intercession for believers on the Day of Judgment is mentioned in the Quran (5:16-18), as well. They also believe that, on the Day of Judgement, Muhammad will intercede on behalf of his followers, and God will forgive them their sins and allow them to enter Jannah ("paradise"). The belief that Muhammad provides support to believers
4958-472: The uncle of our Prophet to ask You for rain, so give us rain." And they would be given rain." A Hadith states that on that day people will be running to and fro looking for an intercessor, until they come to Muhammad, who will answer, "I am for intercession". The Lord will then ask him to "...intercede, for your intercession will be heard" (Bukhari). Sunni Muslims of this movement also commonly say Ya Rasul Allah ('O Messenger of Allah'), addressing Muhammad in
5032-416: The unseen, which is granted him by Allah ( ata'e ) and is not equal to God's knowledge. This relates to the concept of Ummi as mentioned in the Quran ( 7:157 ). This movement does not interpret this word as "unlettered" or "illiterate", but "untaught". Muhammad learns not from humankind, but from Allah; his knowledge is universal, encompassing the seen and unseen realms. This belief predates this movement, and
5106-413: Was a Sunni Sufi scholar and reformer in north India wrote extensively, including the Fatawa-i Razawiyya , in defense of Muhammad and popular Sufi practices and became the leader of a movement called Ahl i Sunnat wa al Jamàat . The Barelvi movement is also known as the Ahl al-Sunnah wal-Jama'ah . According to Oxford Reference , Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jamaah or Barelvi is movement developed on
5180-526: Was an Indian Islamic scholar and poet who is considered as the founder of the Barelvi movement . Born in Bareilly , British India , Khan wrote on law, religion , philosophy and the sciences , and because he mastered many subjects in both rational and religious sciences he has been called a polymath by Francis Robinson , a leading Western scholar of Islam in South Asia. He was a reviver who wrote extensively in defense of Muhammad and popular Sufi practices. He influenced millions of people, and today
5254-406: Was interpreted by Shah Abdul Aziz in Tafsir-e-Azizi in these words: The prophet is observing everybody, knows their good and bad deeds, and knows the strength of faith (Iman) of every individual Muslim and what has hindered his spiritual progress. We do not hold that anyone can equal the knowledge of Allah Most High, or possess it independently, nor do we assert that Allah's giving of knowledge to
5328-579: Was not a Muslim. Imam Ahmed Raza Khan declared that India was Dar al-Islam and that Muslims enjoyed religious freedom there. According to him, those arguing the contrary merely wanted to take advantage of the provisions allowing Muslims living under the non-Muslim rule to collect interest from commercial transactions and had no desire to fight Jihad or perform Hijra . Therefore, he opposed labeling British India to be Dar al-Harb ("abode of war"), which meant that waging holy war against and migrating from India were inadmissible as they would cause disaster to
5402-470: Was suffering from a high fever, despite the illness he tried to answer all the questions, he answered in such detail that the answer took the form of a book, and this book was named Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya. Khan saw an intellectual and moral decline of Muslims in British India. His movement was a mass movement, defending popular Sufism , which grew in response to the influence of
5476-512: Was the term 'Barelvi' used by the section of media and by opposition groups on the basis of the hometown Bareilly, of its main leader Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Qadri (1856–1921). The Barelvis are also called Sunni Sufis. Islamic scholar and teacher of Ahmed Raza Khan Qadri, Maulana Naqi Ali Khan (1830-1880) had refuted the ideas of Sayyid Ahmad Barelwi (d. 1831), who was a founder of Wahabism in India. Naqi Ali Khan declared Sayyid Ahmad Rae Barelwi,
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