Francoeur was a Canadian television series, first aired by TFO in 2003. It was the first Franco-Ontarian téléroman . The series has produced 44 episodes to date.
87-602: The series revolves around the Francoeurs, a Franco-Ontarian family in Eastern Ontario running a family farm . Written by Guy Boutin and directed by Derek Diorio , it was created and produced by Robert Charbonneau (who would later create TFO's first sitcom, Météo+ ). The series has also aired on Télévision de Radio-Canada across the country. This article relating to a drama television series in Canada
174-499: A Quebecer who worked in Ontario for much of her professional career as a lawyer and judge. As a result, both women have been referred to as "the first Franco-Ontarian Supreme Court justice", although the technically correct practice is to credit Charron, Franco-Ontarian in both senses, with that distinction. Conversely, two of the most famous rock musicians from Ontario, Avril Lavigne and Alanis Morissette , are Franco-Ontarian by
261-574: A second language . In 2016, approximately 16.1 per cent of francophone Ontarians identified as a visible minority. More than half of Ontario's francophone visible minority population reside within Central Ontario (including the Greater Toronto Area ), with 37.8 per cent residing in Eastern Ontario , and the remaining 5.7 per cent in other areas of the province. In 2016, 59.5 per cent of francophones in Ontario were born in
348-709: A French-language institution was incorporated in April 2018 as the Université de l'Ontario français , expecting to accept its first cohort of full-time students in 2021. On September 21, 2020, Legislative Assembly of Ontario passed an amendment to the Franco-Ontarian Emblem Act, 2001 , first proposed by Progressive Conservative MPP, Natalia Kusendova , to designate Franco-Ontarian flag as an official emblem of Ontario . It received royal assent and became law on September 24, 2020. On September 25, 2020,
435-576: A barrier to economic development in their home communities. As well, even today many students of Franco-Ontarian background are still educated in anglophone schools. This has the effect of reducing the use of French as a first language in the province, and thereby limiting the growth of the Franco-Ontarian community. Quebec writer Yves Beauchemin once controversially referred to the Franco-Ontarian community as "warm corpses" (« cadavres encore chauds ») who had no chance of surviving as
522-675: A community. In a similar vein, former Quebec Premier René Lévesque referred to them as "dead ducks". The late 1960s saw a schism form between the francophones in Quebec, and the other francophone communities of Canada, notably the francophones in Ontario. The emergence of a separate québécois identity during the Quiet Revolution ; also resulted in the development of a unique Franco-Ontarian identity, with francophones in Ontario forced to re-conceptualize their identities without relying on francophones in Quebec. Recommendations from
609-570: A minority (40,045 respondents in 2016) reported having proficiency in only the French language and limited or no knowledge of English. In the same census, more than 1.52 million Ontarians, or 11.5 per cent of the province's population, reported having proficiency in the French language ; while 11.2 per cent of the population reported to be bilingual in French and English. However, that figure includes both Franco-Ontarians and Ontarians who speak French as
696-541: A number of communities where French-speakers constitute a majority or significant minority, as an area where provincial services are required to be provided in French and English. The following legislation saw pushback from several anglophone Ontario towns and cities, most notably Sault Ste. Marie , which was persuaded by the Alliance for the Preservation of English in Canada to declare themselves "English-only" in
783-464: A permanent member of the organization. On November 26, 2016, Ontario was granted observer status by La Francophonie. On January 10, 2005, Clarence-Rockland became the first Ontario city to pass a bylaw requiring all new businesses to post signs in both official languages. Clarence-Rockland is 60 per cent francophone, and the city council noted that the bylaw was intended to address the existence of both English-only and French-only commercial signage in
870-412: A respondent's mother tongue was the main measure used by the government to determined the number of francophones in the province. There were 590,000 Ontarians, or 4.2 per cent of the population, that reported having French as a mother tongue in the 2021 census, making it the most common mother tongue in the province after English. The majority of Franco-Ontarians are bilingual in both French and English;
957-417: A significant Franco-Ontarian population. The term Franco-Ontarian has two related usages, which overlap closely but are not identical: it may refer to francophone residents of Ontario, regardless of their ethnicity or place of birth, or to people of French Canadian ancestry born in Ontario, regardless of their primary language or current place of residence. In June 2009, the provincial government expanded
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#17327836821801044-562: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Eastern Ontario Eastern Ontario (census population 1,892,332 in 2021) ( French : Est de l'Ontario ) is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario . It occupies a wedge-shaped area bounded by the Ottawa River and Quebec to the northeast and east, the St. Lawrence River and New York to
1131-825: Is a major airport in the Canadian transportation network and offers flights to many major cities across Canada, in addition to select cities in the United States and the Caribbean . Additionally, a major Canadian Forces base, CFB Trenton (YTR) , is located in Trenton and is operated by the Royal Canadian Air Force . Eastern Ontario has multiple tertiary education institutions in the form of both universities and colleges . Two universities, University of Ottawa and Queen's University , are part of
1218-714: Is a unique bedrock archipelago in the St. Lawrence River that consists of approximately 1,864 islands straddling the Canada-US border . Geological fault zones run through the region, including the Western Quebec Seismic Zone and the St. Lawrence Rift System . These fault zones result in a graben ( Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben ) that forms the Ottawa Valley , running the length of the Ottawa River and Mattawa River north to Lake Nipissing . Subsequently,
1305-405: Is common in the area even into the spring. Summers are typically hot and humid in lower-lying areas, with milder and cooler summers occurring in the north. Eastern Ontario also experiences ice storms on a regular basis due to the presence of the arctic high-pressure system , heavily impacting the low-lying areas of the Ottawa Valley and St. Lawrence Valley , with significant events including
1392-608: Is home to the largest Franco-Ontarian community within Ontario. Extensive immigration by Scottish Highlanders from the Highland land clearances also took place around the time of the United Empire Loyalist migration. After the Loyalist period, more waves of Highland emigration came primarily from Inverness-shire , Scotland to seek a better quality of life. The majority of these Scottish immigrants settled in
1479-728: Is often considered the first francophone and European to have arrived in the region in 1610. During this time, most of Ontario formed a part of New France 's Pays d'en Haut region; with most of the European inhabitants in the region at the time being coureurs de bois and voyageurs , or Jesuit missionaries in Huronia ; most notably the settlements of Sainte-Marie among the Hurons (in present-day Midland ) in 1649, and another settlement in Sault Sainte Marie in 1668. During
1566-482: Is referred to with endings of -ois. In popular usage, the first meaning predominates and the second is poorly understood. Although most Franco-Ontarians meet both definitions, there are notable exceptions. For example, although Louise Charron was the first native-born Franco-Ontarian appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Canada , she was preceded as a francophone judge from Ontario by Louise Arbour ,
1653-822: The Association canadienne-française d'Éducation de l'Ontario (ACFÉO) was formed in 1910, who typically opposed the English-only initiatives launched by the Orange Order of Canada , and Irish Catholics led by Michael Fallon, the Bishop of London, Ontario . However, French Canadian migration throughout Ontario continued, with sawmills and papermills in Kapuskasing , and Hearst ; and automotive plants in Oshawa and Windsor attracting French Canadian laborers during
1740-532: The French Language Services Act in 1986 which recognized the French language as a "historic language of Ontario," and as an official language of the province's education system, judiciary, and legislature. However, the Act did not make the French language an official language in its entirety; with other provincial services only made available in French in designated communities and regions with
1827-620: The 1944 Cornwall-Massena Earthquake . Eastern Ontario maintains significant forest coverage, predominantly in the areas of the Canadian Shield that could not be cleared for agricultural purposes. A singular forest region is located in Eastern Ontario, known as the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest . The historical prominence of the logging industry has resulted in significant historical clearing of these forests, but
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#17327836821801914-464: The 1998 North American Ice Storm and the 2023 Canadian Ice Storm . Eastern Ontario also regularly experiences severe weather events, including tornadoes , and thunderstorms as a result of humid summer temperatures. Under the Köppen climate classification , Eastern Ontario has a humid continental climate , with the entire area experiencing a warm-summer Dfb climate . Temperatures are warmer along
2001-675: The Canadian Shield , which is exposed at the surface in many locations. Eastern Ontario's geography is highly varied, with flat plains and rolling hills in the eastern section of the region, near the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario , and rugged highland areas in the sections that the Canadian Shield covers, including the Laurentian Highlands and Openogo Hills , ranging from Algonquin Provincial Park south toward Lake Ontario. The Thousand Islands region
2088-630: The Franco-Ontarians in particular, they made up the majority of canal builders on the large Rideau Canal project and were heavily employed in the area's extensive lumber industry . Through the last century, newer immigrant groups, both Francophone and non-Francophone, have added to the cultural diversity, mostly in Ottawa. There are a large number of Francophones in Eastern Ontario, especially in Prescott and Russell United Counties. Following
2175-472: The Francophonie , with the federal government of Canada and the provincial governments of New Brunswick and Quebec being full-fledged members of the organization. Although French is an official language in Ontario's education system, legislature, and judiciary, the province as a whole is not officially bilingual and its other provincial services do not provide English/French bilingual service throughout
2262-537: The Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1970. In 2016, the government of Ontario was granted observer status to the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie , permitting the provincial government to submit requests to the organization's ministerial conferences, and participate in certain meetings held by the organization. Ontario is one of four governments in Canada that participates in
2349-587: The Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada passed the Upper Canada School Act , which provided for schools that used English and French and instructional languages. In 1798, during the final years of the French Revolution , French nobleman Joseph-Geneviève de Puisaye led a small group of royalists from France to settle lands north of York (present day Toronto). French migration into Canada West /Ontario did not accelerate until
2436-937: The Long-Sault Bridge in Hawkesbury , all of which cross the Ottawa River . Additional major bridges include the Norris Whitney Bridge in Belleville and the Quinte Skyway near Desoronto , which cross the Bay of Quinte . Eastern Ontario is home to only one major airport; Ottawa MacDonald-Cartier International Airport (YOW) , in addition to multiple minor airports in either Ottawa or various smaller communities, such as Kingston Norman Rogers Airport (YKR) , Pembroke & Area Airport (YTA) , and Rockliffe Airport (YRO) . Ottawa International Airport
2523-657: The Ottawa River in 1615 on his way westward to the Great Lakes . The largest city in the region is the city of Ottawa , capital of Canada, which accounts for roughly 60% of Eastern Ontario's population. Kingston , itself once capital of the Province of Canada , is another city in the region outside of the National Capital Region . Much of the remainder of the region relies on agriculture and tourism. Heavier reliance on recreation and tourism exists in
2610-760: The PWHL , AHL , CEBL , CPL , and NLL . Additional professional hockey teams were previously located in the region, including in the NHA 's (the predecessor of the modern NHL) Renfrew Creamery Kings , and the WHA 's (which later merged with the modern NHL) Ottawa Civics and Ottawa Nationals . Historical Canadian football teams from the ORFU and QRFU included the Brockville Football Club , Kingston Granites , and Ottawa Trojans . The history of professional sports in
2697-620: The Second World War , there was a massive influx of Dutch immigrants to Canada, with many settling in communities in Eastern Ontario, particularly in Dundas, Stormont, and Grenville. (2021) (2016) (2011) (2006) (2001) (km ) (km ) density (/km ) Eastern Ontario is located within both the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone (as classified by Environment and Climate Change Canada, further subclassified into
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2784-705: The U15 Group , the association of Canada's dominant research universities. Eastern Ontario has a rich professional sports scene, largely centred on Ottawa , where two "Big Six" teams ( MLB , NBA , NFL , NHL , MLS , and CFL ) currently play - the Ottawa Senators of the NHL, and the Ottawa Redblacks of the CFL, in addition to multiple other additional professional franchises from other leagues, including
2871-456: The 1920s. In 1912, the provincial government passed Regulation 17 , which limited the use of the French as the primary language of instruction to the first two years of elementary school. However, enforcement of the regulation was abandoned in 1927, when it became apparent to the provincial government that the regulation perpetuated inferior schooling of pupils in the province. Instead, a new policy permitting French-language schools instruction
2958-568: The 1986 French Language Services Act . The judge in R. v. Myers ruled that the traffic sign was not a municipal service, but instead was regulated under the provincial Highway Traffic Act and therefore subject to the bilingual requirements of the French Language Services Act . As this was a lower court ruling, it did not affect any other court. However the implication of the decision was that many traffic signs in bilingually designated areas of Ontario would be invalid. It
3045-784: The Americas. Francophone immigrants account for 15 per cent of all immigrants into Ontario, and nearly a third of all immigrants into Central Ontario. 17.4 per cent of immigrants to the province between 2011 and 2016 were francophone. Franco-Ontarians may be found in all areas of Ontario. Approximately 43.1 per cent of francophones in province reside in Eastern Ontario, with 268,070 francophones living in that region. Francophones comprise approximately 15.4 per cent of Eastern Ontario's total population. More than 68 per cent of francophones that live in Eastern Ontario reside in its Champlain region, an area that encompasses Cornwall , Hawkesbury , Ottawa and Pembroke (all of which are adjacent to or near
3132-483: The Eastern Ontario extended area), and occasionally Northumberland County within the definition of Eastern Ontario, but are otherwise classified as part of Central Ontario . The region is also occasionally referred to as Southeastern Ontario to differentiate it from Northeastern Ontario , a secondary region of Northern Ontario . French explorers and fur traders were the first recorded Europeans to pass through this region. Samuel de Champlain , explorer, traversed
3219-732: The Franco-Ontarian community , including ending the position of the French Language Services Commissioner and transferring its responsibilities to the office of the Ontario Ombudsman , reducing the status of the Ministry of Francophone Affairs from a full ministry to a government office, and cancelling funding announced by the prior government of Kathleen Wynne for the creation of the French-language university. After extensive backlash to
3306-414: The Ontario's Attorney General, Roy McMurtry authorized the first French-language provincial court proceeding in 1976. Other departments in the government of Ontario also began to adopt policies of bilingualism, and policies for French services, such as the Ministry of Health in 1979, and the Ministry of Children, Community and Social Services in 1980. French was formally made an official language of
3393-772: The Ontario-Quebec border). However, Northeastern Ontario is the region that has the highest proportion of francophones, with the 122,360 francophone residents of the region making up 22.6 per cent of the region's population. Central Ontario also has a large population of Franco-Ontarians, with 191,375 francophones residing in that region, which includes 63,055 Franco-Ontarians living in the Greater Toronto Area . Other areas include 33,555 Franco-Ontarians in Southwestern Ontario and 7,055 Franco-Ontarians in Northwestern Ontario . Étienne Brûlé
3480-557: The Ottawa region has long been tumultuous and saw professional franchises leave the city on multiple occastions, including the original Ottawa Senators of the NHL, being founded in 1883 and relocating in 1934, the Ottawa Rough Riders of the CFL, being founded in 1876 and folding in 1996, and the Ottawa Renegades of the CFL, being founded in 2002 and folding in 2008. A bid for a Major League Soccer franchise
3567-775: The Provincial Committee on Aims and Objectives of Education in the Schools of Ontario, and the Bériault Report led to the provincial government passing the Schools Administration Act , and the Secondary Schools and Boards Act in 1968. The following acts introduced public funding for French-language secondary schools, and laid the foundation for the province's present elementary and secondary francophone school system. In 1969,
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3654-858: The Quebec border in South Glengarry and runs southwest to Belleville , where it continues southwest through the Golden Horseshoe and Southwestern Ontario . Highway 416 , another major highway, runs north from Highway 401 near Johnstown , where it connects with Highway 417 in Ottawa . Highway 417 starts as a continuation of Autoroute 40 at the Quebec border in East Hawkesbury and runs northwest through Ottawa toward Arnprior , after which it becomes Highway 17 . Highways 401 and 417 carry Trans-Canada Highway designations throughout Eastern Ontario. Additional major provincial highways in
3741-526: The St. Lawrence Lowland, Frontenac Axis, Manitoulin-Lake Simcoe regions), and Boreal Shield Ecozone (further subclassified into the Algonquin-Lake Nipissing region). Surficial geology largely consists of glacial till , glaciolacustrine and glaciomarine silt / clay plains, and low-lying wetlands underlain by sedimentary limestone , dolostone , siltstone , sandstone , arkose , and shale bedrock, in addition to sections of plutonic igneous granite , quartz , gneiss , and conglomerate bedrock of
3828-437: The United States. These include the Thousand Islands Bridge near Gananoque , the Odgensburg-Prescott International Bridge in Johnstown , and the Seaway International Bridge in Cornwall , all of which cross the St. Lawrence River . Multiple bridges also connect the region with Quebec, including the Champlain Bridge , Chaudiere Bridge , Portage Bridge , Alexandra Bridge , and the MacDonald-Cartier Bridge in Ottawa, and
3915-420: The announcement, Ford reversed course, announcing that the commissioner position would be retained and that the office of francophone affairs would be restored to a full government ministry. The actions led to one Franco-Ontarian MPP, Amanda Simard , leaving his caucus to sit as an independent. During this period, governments in Quebec began to fly the Franco-Ontarian flag as a gesture of solidarity. The flag
4002-402: The definition of a francophone as a person whose mother tongue is French, or a person that has a different mother tongue but still uses French as the primary language at home. The term Ontarois is used sometimes to distinguish French-speaking Ontarians, while the general term for Ontarian in French is Ontarien . The use of the term Ontarois follows the convention that a francophone minority
4089-535: The entirety of the province. However, the Ontario French Language Services Act requires all provincial ministries and agencies to provide French-language services within 26 designated municipalities and regions. An area is designated as a French service area if the francophone population is greater than 5,000 people or 10 percent of the community's total population. Due to the 5,000 population threshold, large cities that are actually overwhelmingly anglophone with only very small francophone populations proportional to
4176-452: The government under Doug Ford , through Minister of Francophone Affairs , Caroline Mulroney , announced that Franco-Ontarians will be able to request a free replacement driver's licence or Ontario photo card displaying their name using French-language characters. The Université de Hearst , which teaches entirely in French and for decades operated as a federated college of Laurentian University using Laurentian's degree-granting authority,
4263-512: The implementation of more sustainable forestry practices and governmental protections on certain areas has resulted in regrowth and retention of forests on areas not suitable for agriculture. One major federally protected area, Thousand Islands National Park , is located in Eastern Ontario. Multiple provincial parks are also located in the region, with the most significant of which being Algonquin Provincial Park , itself established to encourage sustainable forestry practices after being clearcut in
4350-545: The introduction of regulations that promoted the use of English over French, for example Regulation 17 . During the late 1960s and 1970s, because of the Quiet Revolution , Franco-Ontarians established themselves as a distinct cultural identity – having only identified as French Canadians before. Francophone rights were furthered in the 1970s as a result of C'est l'temps , a Franco-Ontarian civil disobedience movement that pressured several provincial departments to adopt bilingual policies. The provincial government passed
4437-406: The issuance of bilingual drivers licenses and government documents. A civil disobedience movement made up of Franco-Ontarian wanting to further accessibility rights for French-speakers emerged in 1975, known as C'est l'temps . Members of C'est l'temps refused to pay tickets issued in only in English, pressuring the provincial judiciary to act in a bilingual manner. As a result of the protest,
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#17327836821804524-586: The lack of funding, several generations of Franco-Ontarians grew up without formal education, with the dropout rate for francophones high during this period. Franco-Ontarians thus opted for jobs which did not require reading and mathematical skills, such as mining and forestry, and were virtually absent from white collar jobs. Sociologically, it meant that education was not a value transmitted to younger Franco-Ontarians. Further, those that did have higher levels of education often pursue job opportunities in larger cities, particularly Ottawa or even Montreal, which can create
4611-415: The late 17th and early 18th centuries, the military of New France established a number of fortifications and garrisons in the region, including Fort Frontenac (in present-day Kingston ) in 1673, and Fort Rouillé (in present-day Toronto ) in 1750. The development of Fort Pontchartrain in Detroit, led to the development of Petite Côte, a permanent settlement south of the Detroit River . The settlement
4698-444: The late 19th century. Eastern Ontario's climate is heavily influenced by the proximity of the Great Lakes and its relative northern latitude compared to other parts of Southern Ontario . Winters in the region are typically severe, with regions experiencing low temperatures and significant amounts of snow and ice during winter months. Highland regions experience more severe winters due to their higher elevation. Significant snowfall
4785-532: The more rugged Renfrew county in the northwest of Eastern Ontario. Of all Ontario's regions, parts of Eastern Ontario are the most heavily influenced by the United Empire Loyalists , American settlers who moved to Upper Canada out of loyalty to the British Crown during and after the American Revolutionary War . The Loyalist influence has a presence in the counties of Stormont, Dundas, Leeds and Grenville, Frontenac, Hastings, and Prince Edward. In Ottawa, Prescott and Russell, Glengarry, and Renfrew, Eastern Ontario
4872-435: The municipality has not specifically passed its own bylaw governing its own provision of bilingual services. Ontario's Minister of Francophone Affairs, Madeleine Meilleur , became the province's first cabinet minister to attend a Francophonie summit in 2004, travelling to Ouagadougou with counterparts from Quebec, New Brunswick and the federal government. Meilleur also expressed the hope that Ontario would someday become
4959-422: The municipality. In 2008, the provincial government officially introduced a French licence plate , with the French slogan "Tant à découvrir" in place of "Yours to Discover", as an optional feature for drivers who wished to use it. In 2009, the government faced controversy during the H1N1 flu pandemic, when it sent out a health information flyer in English only, with no French version published or distributed for
5046-399: The north shore of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River, in areas such as Prince Edward County , in comparison to the more northern areas of the region. The vast majority of the primary vehicular traffic network in Eastern Ontario is served mainly by the controlled-access 400-series highways . Highway 401 , the main highway in the network, starts as a continuation of Autoroute 20 at
5133-474: The outlets of the Trent River into the Bay of Quinte (in the case of Mecklenburg/Midland) and the Gananoque River into the St. Lawrence River (in the case of Lunenberg/Eastern). The original boundary lines followed a straight north-south alignment, but were eventually changed to a northwest-southeast orientation, similar to how the modern county boundaries are aligned. Some government sources may include Hastings County , Prince Edward (considered part of
5220-488: The pressures toward assimilation into the English Canadian majority that the community faces. As a result, the complex political and sociological context of Franco-Ontarian can only be fully understood by recognizing both meanings and understanding the distinctions between the two. Franco-Ontarians constitute the largest French-speaking community in Canada outside Quebec. According to the province of Ontario, there are 650,000 Francophones in Ontario, making up 4.6 per cent of
5307-401: The province of Ontario . Most are French Canadians from Ontario. In 2021, according to the Government of Ontario , there were 652,540 Francophones in the province. The majority of Franco-Ontarians in the province reside in Eastern Ontario , Northeastern Ontario , Central Ontario (including the Greater Toronto Area ), although small francophone communities may be found in other regions of
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#17327836821805394-413: The province would recognize Franco-Ontarians rights to access provincial public service in the French language, and for French-speakers to receive the services of an interpreter, if needed, in Ontario's courts. However, plans to adopt these measures were abandoned after negotiations for the Victoria Charter collapsed. His successor, Bill Davis instead opted to simply provide legal services in French, with
5481-406: The province's francophone residents. In response, MPP France Gélinas introduced a private member's bill in May 2011 to have the provincial Commissioner of French Language Services report to the full Legislative Assembly of Ontario rather than exclusively to the Minister of Francophone Affairs. On April 26, 2010, the Ontario government designated September 25 as Franco-Ontarian Day. This date
5568-401: The province's population. However, the figure is derived from the province's "Inclusive Definition of Francophones" (IDF), which includes respondents from the 2021 Canadian Census who reported French as their mother tongue and respondents whose mother tongue was not French but have proficiency in the language and use it as their primary language at home. Before the introduction of IDF in 2009,
5655-618: The province, while 19.6 per cent originated from Quebec, and 16.4 per cent came from all other provinces or territories in Canada. However, the percentage of those born in the province varies between region, with 85.3 per cent of francophones in Northeastern Ontario being born in Ontario; whereas only 39.6 per cent of francophones in Central Ontario were born in the province. 4.5 per cent of francophones in Ontario were born outside Canada. 35 per cent of francophones born outside Canada were born in Africa, while 28 per cent were from Europe, 20 per cent from Asia, and 17 per cent from other countries in
5742-421: The province. The first francophones to settle in Ontario did so during the early 17th century, when most of it was part of the Pays d'en Haut region of New France . However, French settlement into the area remained limited until the 19th century. The late 19th century and early 20th century saw attempts by the provincial government to assimilate the Franco-Ontarian population into the anglophone majority with
5829-435: The provincial Minister of Education, mandated the requirement of English to be taught in francophone schools for two hours in the first four years of elementary school, and for four hours in its final four years. The late 19th century, and early 20th century saw the Ontario government much less supportive of, and often openly hostile toward the Franco-Ontarian community. In an attempt to protect Franco-Ontarian language rights,
5916-416: The provincial government established its French-language public educational broadcaster, TFO . Following the advice of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Ontario's premier John Robarts made French an official language of the provincial legislature in 1970. While the Victoria Charter was being negotiated between the provincial premiers and the federal government, Robarts agreed that
6003-440: The provincial judiciary in 1984. In 1986, the provincial French Language Services Act was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, where it recognized French as a "historic language in Ontario," an official language in its courts and in education, as well as the "desirable use" of French in its provincial institutions including the Legislature. However, the Act itself did not make the province bilingual, instead designating
6090-412: The region include Highway 7 , Highway 15 , Highway 16 , Highway 33 , Highway 37 , Highway 62 , Highway 137 , and Highway 138 . An extension of Highway 417 toward Renfrew is under construction as of 2024. In 2024, the province announced that ownership of Highway 174 will be transferred to the provincial government from the city of Ottawa. Eastern Ontario also has multiple road connections with
6177-406: The region is prone to sinkholes and earthquakes . More severe earthquakes ( Richter Magnitude scale of 5-6 or greater) occur at a frequency of approximately 60 years on average. The most recent severe earthquake to occur, the 2010 Central Canada Earthquake , caused minor damage to power grid systems and buildings in Ottawa and other nearby areas. Additional major historical earthquakes include
6264-607: The second definition but not by the first, since they were born to Franco-Ontarian parents but currently live outside Ontario and work primarily in English. Former Prime Minister Paul Martin was born in Windsor to a Franco-Ontarian father from Pembroke and an anglophone mother, although many Canadians consider him a Quebecer as he represented a Montreal riding in Parliament. Both meanings can be politically charged. Using
6351-649: The second half of the 19th century, farmers from Canada East / Quebec began to migrate in search of fertile land in Eastern Ontario, and along the Canadian Pacific Railway north of Lake Nipissing and Lake Huron . A large number of French Canadians were also drawn to Northern Ontario during this period, with the discovery of nickel in Sudbury , and gold in Timmins . In an attempt to alleviate anti-French sentiments, in 1885 George William Ross ,
6438-425: The second to the exclusion of the first may be considered offensive to some in that it excludes francophones born in or with ethnic origins from other francophone countries from the Franco-Ontarian community. Using the first to the exclusion of the second obscures the very real ethno-cultural distinctions that exist between Franco-Ontarians, Québécois, Acadians , Métis and other Canadian francophone communities, and
6525-575: The size of the city, such as Toronto and Mississauga , are nevertheless still subject to the Act. Francophones who live in non-designated areas can also receive French language services by directly contacting the Office of Francophone Affairs in Toronto, or in the nearest designated community. The most recent addition to the list of designated areas is the city of Markham. It was named in June 2015, and after
6612-586: The south, and Northern Ontario and Central Ontario to the west and northwest. The traditional definition of the region boundary can be traced back to early colonial districts in the British Province of Quebec and Upper Canada . The Midland and Eastern Districts , originally known as the Mecklenburg District and Lunenburg District, from 1788 to 1792, were originally designated as everything east of north-south lines intersecting
6699-530: The specific Highland community Glengarry County . Large numbers of Irish Catholics, mainly from Cork and surrounding counties also settled in the area in the decades following the War of 1812, the majority of them in or near present-day Ottawa in Carleton, Dundas, Grenville, and Renfrew Counties. Many arrived through government backed immigration schemes to settle unoccupied lands and fill labour shortages. Along with
6786-545: The wake of the French Language Services Act and the Meech Lake Accord debate. This was considered by many observers to be a direct contributor to the resurgence of the Quebec sovereignty movement in the 1990s, and consequently to the 1995 Quebec referendum . On October 19, 2004, a Toronto lawyer successfully challenged a "no left turn" traffic ticket on the basis that the sign was not bilingual in accordance with
6873-472: Was chartered as a fully independent university in 2021. The Ministry of Francophone Affairs is a department of the government of Ontario responsible for the provision of provincial services to the Franco-Ontarian community. Caroline Mulroney is the provincial cabinet minister responsible for the Francophone Affairs portfolio. The French language has been recognized as an official language of
6960-420: Was chosen as it represented the anniversary of the official raising of the Franco-Ontarian flag in 1975. On 22 February 2016, premier of Ontario Kathleen Wynne formally issued an apology on behalf of the government of Ontario to Franco-Ontarians for the passage of Regulation 17, and its harmful impact on its communities. The motion for the government to present an official apology to the Franco-Ontarian community
7047-604: Was entered even though no arguments were made by either side on the merits of the case. The situation created a legal vacuum for several years, during which numerous defendants used the bilingual signage argument to fight traffic tickets. The precedent was overturned by the Ontario Court of Appeal in a 2011 case, R. v. Petruzzo , on the grounds that the French Language Services Act specifically states that municipalities are not required to offer services in French, even in provincially regulated areas such as traffic signage, if
7134-565: Was feared that the ruling would have a similar effect as the Manitoba Language Rights ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada, in this case forcing municipalities to erect new bilingual road signs at great expense and invalidating millions of dollars in existing tickets before the courts. The City of Toronto appealed the ruling. At the appeal hearing both parties asked the court to enter a plea of guilty. A guilty verdict
7221-422: Was first presented by Glenn Thibeault . In 2015, MPP France Gélinas introduced a private member's bill to mandate the creation of a fully independent French-language university. Although her bill did not pass, the government of Kathleen Wynne announced the creation of a French-language university in 2017. In 2018, the provincial government of Doug Ford announced several government cutbacks that impacted
7308-580: Was hoisted at Montreal City Hall on November 23, and at the National Assembly of Quebec on December 1. Ford later cancelled funding for the new Francophone university, created by the previous government. However, in September 2019 the provincial and federal governments announced a new funding plan for the creation of the first French language university in the province. The province's first publicly-funded university that operates solely as
7395-596: Was introduced, with French given legal status in Ontario's education system, and the bilingual University of Ottawa Normal School was officially recognized. The regulation formally remained in the statutes of Ontario until 1944, when the regulations were revised. Although the regulation itself was rescinded in 1927, the government did not fund French language high schools. As a result, francophones had to pursue high school education in English, pay tuition to private high schools (which few Franco-Ontarian families could afford), or simply stop attending school after Grade 9. Due to
7482-736: Was made by former Ottawa Senators owner Eugene Melnyk in 2010, with intention of constructing a new stadium in Kanata . The Ottawa bid was ultimately rejected in favour of the Portland Timbers and Vancouver Whitecaps expansion teams. 45°N 75°W / 45°N 75°W / 45; -75 Franco-Ontarian Asia Middle East Europe North America South America Oceania Franco-Ontarians ( French : Franco-Ontariens or Franco-Ontariennes if female, sometimes known as Ontarois and Ontaroises ) are Francophone Canadians that reside in
7569-526: Was the first permanent settlement in Ontario, and eventually became Windsor . However, European settlement into the region remained largely limited during this period. After the Treaty of Paris was negotiated in 1763, New France was ceded to the British. Present day Ontario was governed as a part of the Province of Quebec until 1791, when Ontario was severed from the colony, forming Upper Canada . In 1797,
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