142-602: The Internet Research Agency ( IRA ; Russian : Агентство интернет-исследований , romanized : Agentstvo internet-issledovaniy ), also known as Glavset (Russian: Главсеть ), and known in Russian Internet slang as the Trolls from Olgino (Russian: ольгинские тролли ) or Kremlinbots ( Russian : кремлеботы ), was a Russian company which was engaged in online propaganda and influence operations on behalf of Russian business and political interests. It
284-674: A constitutional referendum on whether to adopt Russian as a second official language. According to the Central Election Commission, 74.8% voted against, 24.9% voted for and the voter turnout was 71.1%. Starting in 2019, instruction in Russian will be gradually discontinued in private colleges and universities in Latvia, and in general instruction in Latvian public high schools. On 29 September 2022, Saeima passed in
426-519: A new education law which requires all schools to teach at least partially in Ukrainian, with provisions while allow indigenous languages and languages of national minorities to be used alongside the national language. The law faced criticism from officials in Russia and Hungary. The 2019 Law of Ukraine "On protecting the functioning of the Ukrainian language as the state language" gives priority to
568-866: A 2018 Kommersant article, Yaroslov Ignatovsky (Russian: Ярослав Ринатович Игнатовский ; born 1983, Leningrad) heads Politgen (Russian: "Политген" ) and is a political strategist that has coordinated the trolls' efforts for Prigozhin. According to the testimonies of the investigative journalists and former employees of the offices, the main topics for posts included: The IRA has also leveraged trolls to erode trust in American political and media institutions and showcase certain politicians as incompetent. Journalists have written that themes of trolling were consistent with those of other Russian propaganda outlets in topics and timing. Technical points used by trolls were taken mainly from content disseminated by RT (formerly Russia Today). A 2015 BBC News investigation identified
710-605: A 2019 report by Oxford researchers including sociologist Philip N. Howard , social media played a major role in political polarization in the United States, due to computational propaganda – "the use of automation, algorithms, and big-data analytics to manipulate public life"—such as the spread of fake news and conspiracy theories. The researchers highlighted the role of the Russian Internet Research Agency in attempts to undermine democracy in
852-413: A formula with V standing for the nucleus (vowel) and C for each consonant, the maximal structure can be described as follows: (C)(C)(C)(C)V(C)(C)(C)(C) Vyacheslav Volodin#Father of spy software Vyacheslav Viktorovich Volodin ( Russian : Вячеслав Викторович Володин , IPA: [vʲɪtɕɪsˈlaf ˈvʲiktərəvʲɪtɕ vɐˈlodʲin] ; born 4 February 1964) is a Russian politician who currently serves as
994-603: A job assignment to Leningrad and remained in her native region, because she did not want to leave her elderly mother alone. She worked as a primary school teacher in a rural school. Volodin graduated in mechanical engineering from the faculty of organization and technology of the Saratov State Agrarian University in 1986, and then obtained a Doctor of Law from the Russian Academy of State Service [ Wikidata ] under
1136-467: A key role in a series of mass-scale disinformation campaigns, producing nearly 40'000 content units (memes, images, comments) over 4 months, used in specific campaigns targeted at governments of France, Poland, Germany and Ukraine. More than 1,000 paid bloggers and commenters reportedly worked only in a single building at Savushkina Street in 2015. Many other employees work remotely. According to BuzzFeed News , more than 600 people were generally employed in
1278-484: A language that "belongs to the European cultural space". The financing of Russian-language content by the state will cease, which the concept says create a "unified information space". However, one inevitable consequence would be the closure of public media broadcasts in Russian on LTV and Latvian Radio, as well as the closure of LSM's Russian-language service. In Lithuania , Russian has no official or legal status, but
1420-588: A lesser extent the languages to the south and the east: Uralic , Turkic , Persian , Arabic , and Hebrew . According to the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California , Russian is classified as a level III language in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers, requiring approximately 1,100 hours of immersion instruction to achieve intermediate fluency. Feudal divisions and conflicts created obstacles between
1562-541: A meeting of the State Duma, interrupted the report of the Minister of Economic Development Maxim Oreshkin and did not allow him to finish his speech. Volodin accused him of being unprepared and offered to report again in a month (usually such reports pass only once a year). According to some deputies, this case is the first in the entire post-Soviet history of Russia. On 6 April 2019, Volodin proposed amendments to
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#17327808304481704-622: A minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. In Azerbaijan , Russian has no official status, but is a lingua franca of the country. 26% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 5% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. In Georgia , Russian has no official status, but it
1846-526: A qualitatively new entity can be said to emerge—the general language of the working class... capitalism has the tendency of creating the general urban language of a given society. In 2010, there were 259.8 million speakers of Russian in the world: in Russia – 137.5 million, in the CIS and Baltic countries – 93.7 million, in Eastern Europe – 12.9 million, Western Europe – 7.3 million, Asia – 2.7 million, in
1988-621: A troll factory employee. The citizen-journalism site Bellingcat identified the team from Olgino as the real authors of a video attributed to the Azov Battalion in which masked soldiers threaten the Netherlands for organizing the referendum on the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement . In the beginning of April 2014 there began an organized online campaign to shift public opinion in
2130-600: Is 126 comments and two posts per account. Each blogger is in charge of three accounts. Employees at the Olgino office earned 25,000 Russian rubles per month (at the time roughly US$ 651.41); those at the Savushkina Street office earned approximately 40,000 Russian rubles. In May 2014, Fontanka.ru described schemes for plundering the federal budget, intended to go toward the trolling organization. In 2017 another whistleblower said that with bonuses and long working hours
2272-539: Is Belarusian, among ethnic Belarusians this share is 28.5%; the highest share of those who speak Belarusian at home is among ethnic Poles — 46.0%. In Estonia , Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population, according to a 2011 estimate from the World Factbook, and is officially considered a foreign language. School education in the Russian language is a very contentious point in Estonian politics, and in 2022,
2414-481: Is a co-official language per article 5 of the Constitution of Kyrgyzstan . The 2009 census states that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99% of the population. Additionally, 1,854,700 residents of Kyrgyzstan aged 15 and above fluently speak Russian as a second language, or 49.6% of the population in the age group. In Tajikistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication under
2556-401: Is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian , and a moderate degree of it in all modern Slavic languages, at least at the conversational level. Russian is written using a Cyrillic alphabet. The Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table gives their forms, along with IPA values for each letter's typical sound: Older letters of
2698-610: Is a post-posed definite article -to , -ta , -te similar to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. In the Southern Russian dialects , instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несл и is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi] , not [nʲɪsˈlʲi] ) – this
2840-488: Is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding , which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. Free programs are available offering this Unicode extension, which allow users to type Russian characters, even on Western 'QWERTY' keyboards. The Russian language was first introduced to computing after the M-1 , and MESM models were produced in 1951. According to
2982-624: Is called yakanye ( яканье ). Consonants include a fricative /ɣ/ , a semivowel /w⁓u̯/ and /x⁓xv⁓xw/ , whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants /ɡ/ , /v/ , and final /l/ and /f/ , respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). During the Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) times all Slavs spoke one mutually intelligible language or group of dialects. There
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#17327808304483124-446: Is considered to be linked to Yevgeny Prigozhin , head of the holding company Concord Management and Consulting . The "Trolls of Olgino" are considered to be his project. As of October 2014, the company belonged to Mikhail Bystrov, who had been the head of the police station at Moscow district of Saint Petersburg . Russian media point out that according to documents, published by hackers from Anonymous International , Concord Management
3266-494: Is determined only by the Russian people in the democratic elections—and no one else". Later Klintsevich denied the words of Chepurnoy and called it slander. At the same time, one of the members of the Moscow organization "Safe Capital" said that Klintsevich really mentioned the presidential ambitions of Volodin. "At one of the meetings in 2016 with our organization Klintsevich said that it is necessary to support Volodin in all his endeavors, because he, according to Klintsevich, will be
3408-551: Is directly involved with trolling administration through the agency. Researchers cite e-mail correspondence, in which Concord Management gives instructions to trolls and receives reports on accomplished work. According to journalists, Concord Management organized banquets in the Kremlin and also cooperated with Voentorg and the Russian Ministry of Defence . Despite links to Alexei Soskovets, Nadejda Orlova, deputy head of
3550-460: Is just a way to steal budget money. Leonid Volkov, a politician working for Alexei Navalny 's Anti-Corruption Foundation, suggests that the point of sponsoring paid Internet trolling is to make the Internet so distasteful that ordinary people are not willing to participate. The Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax on 11 September 2014, was the work of Internet Research Agency. According to
3692-573: Is more spoken than English. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the US and Canada, such as New York City , Philadelphia , Boston , Los Angeles , Nashville , San Francisco , Seattle , Spokane , Toronto , Calgary , Baltimore , Miami , Portland , Chicago , Denver , and Cleveland . In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially
3834-564: Is odd") – чу́дно ( chúdno – "this is marvellous"), молоде́ц ( molodéts – "well done!") – мо́лодец ( mólodets – "fine young man"), узна́ю ( uznáyu – "I shall learn it") – узнаю́ ( uznayú – "I recognize it"), отреза́ть ( otrezát – "to be cutting") – отре́зать ( otrézat – "to have cut"); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names, like афе́ра ( aféra , "scandal, affair"), гу́ру ( gúru , "guru"), Гарси́я ( García ), Оле́ша ( Olésha ), Фе́рми ( Fermi ), and to show which
3976-402: Is recognized as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities . Russian is the language of 9% of the population according to the World Factbook. Ethnologue cites Russian as the country's de facto working language. In China , Russian has no official status, but it is spoken by the small Russian communities in the northeastern Heilongjiang and
4118-569: Is sometimes considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. Also, Russian has notable lexical similarities with Bulgarian due to a common Church Slavonic influence on both languages, but because of later interaction in the 19th and 20th centuries, Bulgarian grammar differs markedly from Russian. Over the course of centuries, the vocabulary and literary style of Russian have also been influenced by Western and Central European languages such as Greek, Latin , Polish , Dutch , German, French, Italian, and English, and to
4260-585: Is spoken by 14.2% of the population according to an undated estimate from the World Factbook. In 2005, Russian was the most widely taught foreign language in Mongolia, and was compulsory in Year 7 onward as a second foreign language in 2006. Around 1.5 million Israelis spoke Russian as of 2017. The Israeli press and websites regularly publish material in Russian and there are Russian newspapers, television stations, schools, and social media outlets based in
4402-518: Is the stressed word in a sentence, for example Ты́ съел печенье? ( Tý syel pechenye? – "Was it you who ate the cookie?") – Ты съе́л печенье? ( Ty syél pechenye? – "Did you eat the cookie?) – Ты съел пече́нье? ( Ty syel pechénye? "Was it the cookie you ate?"). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners. The Russian syllable structure can be quite complex, with both initial and final consonant clusters of up to four consecutive sounds. Using
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4544-610: Is waiting for them with open arms" because they "committed treason against Russia". On 22 November 2023, he met with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing. Volodin said that Russia and China are "not only strategic partners, but also strategic friends." They talked about deepening cooperation in the field of international platforms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the BRICS group,
4686-470: The 2011 Lithuanian census , Russian was the native language for 7.2% of the population. In Moldova , Russian was considered to be the language of interethnic communication under a Soviet-era law. On 21 January 2021, the Constitutional Court of Moldova declared the law unconstitutional and deprived Russian of the status of the language of interethnic communication. 50% of the population
4828-1000: The Apollo–Soyuz mission, which first flew in 1975. In March 2013, Russian was found to be the second-most used language on websites after English. Russian was the language of 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian was used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Soviet Union domain .su . Websites in former Soviet Union member states also used high levels of Russian: 79.0% in Ukraine, 86.9% in Belarus, 84.0% in Kazakhstan, 79.6% in Uzbekistan, 75.9% in Kyrgyzstan and 81.8% in Tajikistan. However, Russian
4970-704: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). On 16 February 2024, Volodin blamed "Washington", " Brussels " and various critics of the Kremlin in Western " unfriendly countries " for the death of opposition leader Alexei Navalny . On 20 April 2017, at the meeting of the organizing committee for the Victory Day, which was held by President Vladimir Putin, the head of
5112-554: The Constitution allowing the State Duma to participate more actively in the formation of the government . According to him, the State Duma should at least participate in consultations when appointing members of the government (currently, the participation of the State Duma in the formation of the government is limited only by the fact that it must give consent to the President to appoint the Prime Minister). Volodin said that
5254-413: The Constitution of Tajikistan and is permitted in official documentation. 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. In Turkmenistan , Russian lost its status as the official lingua franca in 1996. Among 12% of the population who grew up in
5396-570: The Internet . Russian is written using the Russian alphabet of the Cyrillic script ; it distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without—the so-called "soft" and "hard" sounds. Almost every consonant has a hard or soft counterpart, and the distinction is a prominent feature of the language, which is usually shown in writing not by a change of
5538-771: The President of the Russian Federation in 1995. He obtained a PhD in law from the St. Petersburg University of the Russian Interior Ministry [ Wikidata ] in 1996 with a thesis titled A Russian Constituent Entity: Problems of Power, Law-making and Administration ( Russian : Субъект Российской Федерации: проблемы власти, законотворчества и управления , romanized : Subyekt Rossiyskoy Federatsii: problemy vlasti, zakonotvorchestva i upravleniya , lit. 'Subject of
5680-690: The Russian Federation , Belarus , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , and Tajikistan , and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine , Moldova , the Caucasus , Central Asia , and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Israel . Russian has over 258 million total speakers worldwide. It is the most spoken native language in Europe , the most spoken Slavic language , as well as
5822-584: The Ukrainian language in more than 30 spheres of public life: in particular in public administration , media, education, science, culture, advertising, services . The law does not regulate private communication. A poll conducted in March 2022 by RATING in the territory controlled by Ukraine found that 83% of the respondents believe that Ukrainian should be the only state language of Ukraine. This opinion dominates in all macro-regions, age and language groups. On
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5964-658: The United States Census , in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States. Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the following: The Russian language is also one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station – NASA astronauts who serve alongside Russian cosmonauts usually take Russian language courses. This practice goes back to
6106-508: The Wagner Group rebellion . In October 2023, Volodin said that Russians who "desire the victory of the murderous Nazi Kyiv regime" should be sent to the far-eastern region of Magadan , known for its Stalin-era Gulag camps, and forced to work in the mines. In November 2023, he wrote on his Telegram channel that Russians who left the country after the Russian invasion of Ukraine and are now returning "should understand that no one here
6248-613: The Western world in a way that would be useful for Russian authorities regarding the Russian military intervention in Ukraine in 2014 . Hacked and leaked documents from that time contain instructions for commenters posting at the websites of Fox News , The Huffington Post , TheBlaze , Politico , and WorldNetDaily . The requirement for the working hours for the trolls is also mentioned: 50 comments under news articles per day. Each blogger had to manage six accounts on Facebook, post at least three posts every day, and participate twice in
6390-421: The "Lakhta Trolls" (Russian: Лахта Тролли ). Novaya Gazeta reported that, according to Alexey Soskovets, head of the office in Olgino, North-Western Service Agency was hiring employees for similar projects in Moscow and other cities in 2013. In 2024 an investigation by several media outlets revealed documents leaked from "Agency of Social Design" ( Russian : Агентство Социального Проектированиа ) which played
6532-618: The 10th Chairman of the State Duma since 2016. He is a former aide to President Vladimir Putin . The former Secretary-General of the United Russia party, he was a deputy in the State Duma from 1999 until 2011 and from 2016 to present day. From 2010 until 2012, he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia . He is also a former first deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia . He has
6674-519: The 20th century, Russian was a mandatory language taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular former Warsaw Pact countries. In Armenia , Russian has no official status, but it is recognized as
6816-491: The 55 Savushkina Street location "a couple of months ago" because "it was giving the entire building a bad reputation." A possibly related organization, FAN or Federal News Agency, was located in the building. The New York Times article describes various experiences reported by former employees of the Internet Research Agency at the Savushkina Street location. It also describes several disruptive hoaxes in
6958-471: The Belarusian society the Russian language prevails, so according to the 2019 census 6,718,557 people (71.4% of the total population) stated that they speak Russian at home, for ethnic Belarusians this share is 61.4%, for Russians — 97.2%, for Ukrainians — 89.0%, for Poles — 52.4%, and for Jews — 96.6%; 2,447,764 people (26.0% of the total population) stated that the language they usually speak at home
7100-651: The Committee for Youth Policy in Saint Petersburg, disputed a connection between her institution and the trolling offices. Finnish journalist Jessikka Aro , who reported extensively on the pro-Russian trolling activities in Finland, was targeted by an organized campaign of hate, disinformation and harassment. 59°59′42.7″N 30°07′49.7″E / 59.995194°N 30.130472°E / 59.995194; 30.130472 As reported by Novaya Gazeta , in
7242-556: The Communist Party was again the sole opponent running against Volodin. On 12 October, Volodin was re-elected Chairman of the State Duma with a majority of 360 votes. In October 2016, he was among the three most influential politicians in Russia (after presidents Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev ) by rating of the Center for Political Technologies. According to a survey conducted by the expert-analytical center of RANEPA ,
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#17327808304487384-532: The Great and developed from the Moscow ( Middle or Central Russian ) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language. Prior to the Bolshevik Revolution , the spoken form of the Russian language was that of the nobility and the urban bourgeoisie. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. However,
7526-590: The Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent ( знак ударения ) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress . For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к ( zamók – "lock") – за́мок ( zámok – "castle"), сто́ящий ( stóyashchy – "worthwhile") – стоя́щий ( stoyáshchy – "standing"), чудно́ ( chudnó – "this
7668-477: The Justice Department. On 1 July 2023, it was announced that the Internet Research Agency would be shut down following the aftermath of the Wagner Group rebellion . In Leningrad Oblast in the late 1970s, Vladimir Putin's first KGB post was with the 5th Department , which countered dissidents with disinformation using active measures , and was strongly supported by Filipp Bobkov and the head of
7810-525: The KGB Yuri Andropov , who believed in "stamping out dissent". Revealed on 16 August 2012 in an article by the Russian edition of Forbes magazine, the website for the company Medialogia offered a system known as Prisma terminals ( Russian : Терминалы «Призма» ) which, according to Farit Khusnoyarov, Prism could track for the Kremlin in near real time the stand-alone blog platforms and social networks of nearly 60 million sites and could analyze
7952-649: The Kremlin's interests in domestic and foreign policy including Ukraine and the Middle East as well as attempting to influence the 2016 United States presidential election . More than 1,000 employees reportedly worked in a single building of the agency in 2015. The extent to which the agency tried to influence public opinion using social media became better known after a June 2014 BuzzFeed News article greatly expanded on government documents published by hackers earlier that year. The Internet Research Agency gained more attention by June 2015, when one of its offices
8094-635: The Kyiv terrorist regime". On 18 May 2023, Volodin claimed that the "special military operation" in Ukraine "was inevitable." According to Volodin, "If it had not been started, the war that would have broken literally the following day or in a few days, would have dragged the world into a tragedy. That tragedy was prevented." He accused NATO, the United States and the European Union of "waging war in Ukraine" and claimed that "NATO assumed control over Ukraine, brought its mercenaries there both to power and to
8236-411: The Middle East and North Africa – 1.3 million, Sub-Saharan Africa – 0.1 million, Latin America – 0.2 million, U.S., Canada , Australia, and New Zealand – 4.1 million speakers. Therefore, the Russian language is the seventh-largest in the world by the number of speakers , after English, Mandarin, Hindi -Urdu, Spanish, French, Arabic, and Portuguese. Russian is one of the six official languages of
8378-410: The Nadezhda Ivanovna Makeeva associated Bolshoy Gorod LLC ( Russian : ООО «Большой Город» ). Makeeva's husband is the chairman of the board of NMC "Itera" Vladimir Pavlovich Makeev ( Russian : НГК «Итера» Владимир Павлович Макеев ) who is a close associate of the president of Itera Igor Makarov . Uncovered by Anonymous International and made public in June 2014, Volodin is a strong supporter of
8520-428: The Olgino factory as the most likely producer of a September 2015 "Saiga 410K review" video where an actor posing as a U.S. soldier shoots at a book that turns out to be a Quran , which sparked outrage. BBC News found among other irregularities that the soldier's uniform is not used by the U.S. military and is easily purchased in Russia, and that the actor filmed was most likely a bartender from Saint Petersburg related to
8662-404: The Organization of Veterans of the War in Afghanistan Andrey Chepurnoy [ ru ] spoke. He criticized Senator Frants Klintsevich [ Wikidata ] , Chairman of the Russian Union of Veterans of Afghanistan. He spoke about the letter of Klintsevich, in which he indicates Volodin as the next President. Commenting on this speech, Putin said that "the successor to the President
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#17327808304488804-418: The Polish edition of Newsweek expressed suspicion that Russia was employing people to "bombard" its website with pro-Russian comments on Ukraine-related articles. Poland's governmental computer emergency response team later confirmed that pro-Russia commentary had flooded Polish Internet portals at the start of the Ukrainian crisis. German-language media websites were also flooded with pro-Russia comments in
8946-437: The Russian Federation: problems of power, lawmaking and governance'). He worked as a lecturer and assistant professor while he studied in Petersburg. Since 2 August 2009 through the cooperative "Sosny" ( Russian : ДНП «Сосны» ), Volodin is a business partner of Sergey Neverov ( Russian : Сергей Неверов ), who was the Deputy Chairman of the State Duma and United Russia, Igor Rudensky ( Russian : Игорь Руденский ), who
9088-807: The Russian alphabet include ⟨ ѣ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ е ⟩ ( /je/ or /ʲe/ ); ⟨ і ⟩ and ⟨ ѵ ⟩ , which both merged to ⟨ и ⟩ ( /i/ ); ⟨ ѳ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ ф ⟩ ( /f/ ); ⟨ ѫ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ у ⟩ ( /u/ ); ⟨ ѭ ⟩ , which merged to ⟨ ю ⟩ ( /ju/ or /ʲu/ ); and ⟨ ѧ ⟩ and ⟨ ѩ ⟩ , which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨ я ⟩ and merged phonetically to /ja/ or /ʲa/ . While these older letters have been abandoned at one time or another, they may be used in this and related articles. The yers ⟨ ъ ⟩ and ⟨ ь ⟩ originally indicated
9230-458: The Russian principalities before and especially during Mongol rule. This strengthened dialectal differences, and for a while, prevented the emergence of a standardized national language. The formation of the unified and centralized Russian state in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the gradual re-emergence of a common political, economic, and cultural space created the need for a common standard language. The initial impulse for standardization came from
9372-405: The Soviet era can speak Russian, other generations of citizens that do not have any knowledge of Russian. Primary and secondary education by Russian is almost non-existent. In Uzbekistan , Russian is the language of inter-ethnic communication. It has some official roles, being permitted in official documentation and is the lingua franca of the country and the language of the elite. Russian
9514-450: The Speaker of the National Assembly of South Africa , Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula . On 3 May 2023, Volodin called the alleged drone attack on the Kremlin a "terrorist attack" on Russia and compared the Ukrainian government to terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda and the Islamic State , saying that "The Nazi Kyiv regime must be recognised as a terrorist organisation." He demanded the use of "weapons capable of stopping and destroying
9656-491: The State Duma hosted the Second "Russia-Africa" International Parliamentary Conference and Volodin met with more than 40 parliamentary delegations from most African countries . In a meeting with African representatives, he claimed that Washington and Brussels seek to take control of Russian and African natural resources and continue their colonial policies , saying that "They take all measures, including violent and terrorist, for their own benefit." He held bilateral meetings with
9798-415: The US and ban him from entering the United States. On 12 May 2014, Volodin was added to the European Union sanctions list due to his role in the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation . He is barred from entering countries in the EU, and his assets in the EU have been frozen. He was sanctioned by the United Kingdom government the same year. For the first time, rumors that Volodin could become
9940-403: The US and Europe, such as the Columbian Chemicals Plant explosion hoax , that may be attributable to the Internet Research Agency or similar Russian-based organizations. 59°59′41.5068″N 30°14′44.4588″E / 59.994863000°N 30.245683000°E / 59.994863000; 30.245683000 Reported by the Russian online newspaper DP.ru in December 2017, the office moved from
10082-569: The US and exacerbate existing political divisions. The most prominent methods of misinformation were "organic posting, not advertisements", and influence operation activity increased after the 2016 and was not limited to the 2016 election. Examples of efforts included "campaigning for African American voters to boycott elections or follow the wrong voting procedures in 2016", "encouraging extreme right-wing voters to be more confrontational", and "spreading sensationalist, conspiratorial, and other forms of junk political news and misinformation to voters across
10224-467: The United Nations. Education in Russian is still a popular choice for both Russian as a second language (RSL) and native speakers in Russia, and in many former Soviet republics. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics. In Belarus , Russian is a second state language alongside Belarusian per the Constitution of Belarus . 77% of
10366-504: The West apologize for its "disinformation" about the Kremlin's alleged plans to invade Ukraine . On 24 February 2022, Volodin said that "the purpose" of the Russian invasion of Ukraine is "to protect people living in Ukraine". He wrote on his Telegram that "demilitarizing Ukraine" is the "only path that will allow us to prevent war in Europe. Our only chance to stop the fighting and the humanitarian catastrophe." According to Meduza , he
10508-606: The agency as a troll farm : "The likely financier of the so-called Internet Research Agency of professional trolls located in Saint Petersburg is a close ally of [Vladimir] Putin with ties to Russian intelligence," commenting that "they previously were devoted to supporting Russian actions in Ukraine—[and] started to advocate for candidate Trump as early as December 2015." The agency employed fake accounts registered on major social networking sites , discussion boards, online newspaper sites, and video hosting services to promote
10650-428: The anti-war Russians in exile "scoundrels" and demanded the confiscation of their properties in Russia. He repeatedly called Russians who left Russia after the invasion of Ukraine as "traitors". On 22 January 2023, Volodin threatened the use of nuclear weapons and claimed that Europe and the United States were leading the world into "global catastrophe" by providing military aid to Ukraine . On 19-20 March 2023,
10792-698: The approved-by-Russian-authorities strategy of public consciousness manipulation through new media to Vyacheslav Volodin , first deputy of the Vladimir Putin Presidential Administration of Russia . Journalists have written that Alexey Soskovets , who had participated in the Russian youth political community, was directly connected to the office in Olgino, and that his company, North-Western Service Agency, won 17 or 18 (according to different sources) contracts for organizing celebrations, forums and sport competitions for authorities of Saint Petersburg and that Soskovets' company
10934-641: The article in the Izvestia about the personal life of a number of political figures of Russia, also spoke about the presidential ambitions of Volodin. On 28 April 2014, following the Crimean status referendum , the U.S. Treasury put Volodin on the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) , a list of individuals sanctioned as "members of the Russian leadership's inner circle." The sanctions freeze any assets he holds in
11076-442: The battlefield." On 3 June 2023, Volodin represented Russia at the inauguration ceremony of re-elected Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . On 19 June 2023, Volodin misrepresented Czech President Petr Pavel 's remarks that Russians living in the West should be "monitored" and put under surveillance , and warned that Russians living abroad would be sent to concentration camps . Volodin expressed support for Putin during
11218-432: The beginning of 2016, Ukraine's state-owned news agency Ukrinform claimed to expose a system of bots in social networks, which called for violence against the Ukrainian government and for starting "The Third Maidan". They reported that the organizer of this system is the former anti-Ukrainian combatant Sergiy Zhuk from Donbas . He allegedly performed his Internet activity from Vnukovo District in Moscow. In March 2014,
11360-403: The broader sense of expanding the use of Russian alongside or in favour of other languages. The current standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language ( современный русский литературный язык – "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk"). It arose at the beginning of the 18th century with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter
11502-417: The consonant but rather by changing the following vowel. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels . Stress , which is often unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically , though an optional acute accent may be used to mark stress – such as to distinguish between homographic words (e.g. замо́к [ zamók , 'lock'] and за́мок [ zámok , 'castle']), or to indicate
11644-572: The country. There is an Israeli TV channel mainly broadcasting in Russian with Israel Plus . See also Russian language in Israel . Russian is also spoken as a second language by a small number of people in Afghanistan . In Vietnam , Russian has been added in the elementary curriculum along with Chinese and Japanese and were named as "first foreign languages" for Vietnamese students to learn, on equal footing with English. The Russian language
11786-550: The dismissal of Sergey Sobyanin in connection with his approval to the Mayor of Moscow — Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office . Following the mass protests against the outcomes of the 2011 Russian legislative election organized by several persons, including Alexei Navalny , who used Facebook, Twitter, and LiveJournal blogs to organize the events, Volodin, who was Deputy Prime Minister at
11928-673: The end of August 2013, the following message appeared in social networks: "Internet operators wanted! Job at chic office in Olgino !!! (st. Staraya Derevnia), salary 25960 per month (USD$ 780 as of 2013). Task: posting comments at profile sites in the Internet, writing thematic posts, blogs, social networks. Reports via screenshots. Individual schedule [...] Payment every week, 1180 per shift (from 8.00 to 16.00, from 10.30 to 18.30, from 14.00 to 22.00). PAYMENTS EVERY WEEK AND FREE MEALS!!! Official job placement or according to contract (at will). Tuition possible." As reported by media and former employees,
12070-416: The establishment of another group of eight nations—China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Iran and Turkey—that is 24.4% ahead of the old group of developed countries in terms of GDP and purchasing power parity." On 22 November 2022, he met with Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel . During the meeting, Volodin called Cuba "a symbol of the struggle of independence". In January 2023, Volodin called
12212-520: The eve of the elections, to counter dissidents in Russia. Others using Prisma include Sergei Naryshkin 's office in the State Duma , senior officials at the Main Center for Communications and Information Security (Russian: Главный центр связи и информационной безопасности ) in the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) senior officials at Moscow City Hall and employees close to the head of Rosneft Igor Sechin . The Internet Research Agency
12354-570: The faction of the Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia . On 5 October, Volodin was elected Chairman of the State Duma, with 404 votes. His only rival was the communist Dmitry Novikov , who received 40 votes. In 2021, Volodin was again nominated to the chairmanship of the 8th State Duma . His candidacy was again endorsed by the Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia — For Truth. Novikov from
12496-413: The factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary, and the very process of recruiting workers from peasants and the mobility of the worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. On the ruins of peasant multilingual, in the context of developing heavy industry,
12638-408: The federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation . Volodin engineered Putin's conservative turn in his third term and is considered part of his inner circle . Volodin was born 4 February 1964 in the village of Alekseyevka [ Wikidata ] , Khvalynsky District , Saratov Oblast , in a large family. His father was the captain of
12780-456: The final reading amendments that state that all schools and kindergartens in the country are to transition to education in Latvian . From 2025, all children will be taught in Latvian only. On 28 September 2023, Latvian deputies approved The National Security Concept, according to which from 1 January 2026, all content created by Latvian public media (including LSM ) should be only in Latvian or
12922-516: The four-story building at 55 Savushkina Street to Lakhta on four floors at Optikov street [ ru ] , 4 building 3 (Russian: Санкт-Петербург: улица Оптикова, 4 корпус 3 ) near Staroderevenskaya street [ ru ] (Russian: Стародеревенская улица ) in the Lakhta-2 business center (Russian: «Лахта-2» ) on 1 February 2018. Beginning in February 2018, they were also known as
13064-472: The fraction of the ruling party United Russia which has been founded in 2001. Since 2005 he was the party's Secretary-General of its Council Presidium. In 2007, he was elected to the Russian State Duma in its fifth session. Until October 2010, he was once more Chairman of the State Duma . On 21 October 2010, he was appointed Deputy Prime Minister under Dmitry Medvedev . as well as—after
13206-494: The front. Most of them refused to answer or made excuses why it was not possible for them to go to war in Ukraine. Volodin said that the State Duma will support deputies who want to enlist in the army and go to Ukraine. In September 2022, Volodin met in Moscow with Chinese politician Li Zhanshu , who was then a CCP Politburo Standing Committee member and was considered one of the closest confidants of CCP general secretary Xi Jinping . On 22 September 2022, in order to justify
13348-413: The future President, as "he has a desire to fly high". Another close to Volodin man said: "an ordinary person in the afternoon thinking about plans for the evening. Volodin does not think about plans for the evening—he has a plan for life. When he was Vice Mayor of Saratov, he already said to friends that he would become President of Russia." In addition, in 2015, the cleric Vsevolod Chaplin , commenting on
13490-692: The generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to
13632-480: The government bureaucracy for the lack of a reliable tool of communication in administrative, legal, and judicial affairs became an obvious practical problem. The earliest attempts at standardizing Russian were made based on the so-called Moscow official or chancery language, during the 15th to 17th centuries. Since then, the trend of language policy in Russia has been standardization in both the restricted sense of reducing dialectical barriers between ethnic Russians, and
13774-406: The group discussions. Other employees had to manage 10 accounts on Twitter, publishing 50 tweets every day. Journalists concluded that Igor Osadchiy was a probable leader of the project, and the campaign itself was run by Internet Research Agency Ltd. Osadchiy denied his connection to the agency. The company was also one of the main sponsors of an anti-Western exhibition Material Evidence . In
13916-863: The interests of Yevgeny Prigozhin and the trolls at the Internet Research Agency . Defunct In 1990, he was elected as a member of the Saratov City Duma . Since 1992, Volodin was the Deputy of the Head of Administration of Saratov , since 1994 deputy chairman of the Saratov Oblast Duma and in 1996 he was appointed to the Vice Governor of the Saratov region. In the Russian legislative election in 1999 , he
14058-554: The leaders of all opposition parliamentary parties. In January 2020, Putin proposed introducing such amendments during his Address to the Federal Assembly . In November 2019, Volodin said that due to Ukrainian nationalism and an alleged oppression of ethnic minorities, there was a chance that some regions (oblasts) may separate from Ukraine . On 28 January 2022, Volodin promised that "Russia will not go to war against Ukraine." On 18 February 2022, he demanded that
14200-586: The level of recognition of Vyacheslav Volodin is at a high level. 83% of respondents know that he holds the post of Chairman of the State Duma. In addition, 78% of Russians have a positive or neutral view of Volodin's activities as Chairman of the State Duma. On 24 November 2016, he was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization and on 26 December 2016 he
14342-628: The massacre in the Ukrainian city of Bucha was a staged "provocation" by the West and Ukraine "aimed at discrediting Russia". On 6 July 2022, Volodin warned that Russia could demand back the US state of Alaska , which was sold by Russia to the United States in 1867, if the United States continued to seize Russian assets abroad . Russian citizens critical of the 2022 Russian mobilization have used social media and other electronic means (e.g. Twitter ) to enquire en masse Russia's top officials and deputies, who supported war with Ukraine and mobilization, whether they themselves or their sons would go to
14484-446: The military mobilization to the Russian public, he claimed that "not only armed Nazi formations, but also NATO forces are fighting against our soldiers and officers" in Ukraine. Volodin has controversially claimed that Ukraine "has lost the ability to exist as a state", "is occupied by NATO" and "has become a colony of the US". To downplay the international sanctions against Russia , Volodin stated that "Western sanctions are leading to
14626-409: The most geographically widespread language of Eurasia . It is the world's seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers , and the world's ninth-most spoken language by total number of speakers . Russian is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station , one of the six official languages of the United Nations , as well as the fourth most widely used language on
14768-756: The new Chairman of the State Duma after the 2016 legislative election were circulated before the election. However, this information was not yet confirmed. After the 2016 legislative election , the previous Chairman of the State Duma Sergey Naryshkin was appointed Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service . On 23 September 2016, President Vladimir Putin proposed to the United Russia to nominate Volodin as Naryshkin's successor. The majority leader Vladimir Vasilyev endorsed Volodin's candidacy, alongside
14910-524: The northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region . Russian was also the main foreign language taught in school in China between 1949 and 1964. In Kazakhstan , Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of
15052-534: The office in Olgino , Primorskiy district , St. Peterburg had existed and had been functioning since September 2013. It was situated in a white cottage, 15 minutes by an underground railway from Staraya Derevnia station, opposite Olgino railway station. Workplaces for troll-employees were placed in basement rooms. 59°59′03.5″N 30°16′19.1″E / 59.984306°N 30.271972°E / 59.984306; 30.271972 According to Russian online newspaper DP.ru , several months before October 2014
15194-631: The office in Olgino. Information of the work being conducted at the Agency comes in part from interviews with former employees. In February 2023, Yevgeny Prigozhin , the head of the private military company Wagner Group , stated that he founded the IRA: "I’ve never just been the financier of the Internet Research Agency. I invented it, I created it, I managed it for a long time." The admission came months after Prigozhin had admitted to Russian interference in U.S. elections . Russian newspaper Vedomosti links
15336-423: The office moved from Olgino to a four-story building at 55 Savushkina Street, Primorskiy district , St. Peterburg . As reported by journalists, the building is officially an uncompleted construction and stayed as such as of March 2015. A New York Times investigative reporter was told that the Internet Research Agency had shortened its name to "Internet Research," and as of June 2015 had been asked to leave
15478-515: The other hand, before the war, almost a quarter of Ukrainians were in favour of granting Russian the status of the state language, while after the beginning of Russia's invasion the support for the idea dropped to just 7%. In peacetime, the idea of raising the status of Russian was traditionally supported by residents of the south and east . But even in these regions, only a third of the respondents were in favour, and after Russia's full-scale invasion , their number dropped by almost half. According to
15620-461: The other three languages in the East Slavic branch. In many places in eastern and southern Ukraine and throughout Belarus, these languages are spoken interchangeably, and in certain areas traditional bilingualism resulted in language mixtures such as Surzhyk in eastern Ukraine and Trasianka in Belarus. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect , although it vanished during the 15th or 16th century,
15762-446: The parliament approved a bill to close up all Russian language schools and kindergartens by the school year. The transition to only Estonian language schools and kindergartens will start in the 2024-2025 school year. In Latvia , Russian is officially considered a foreign language. 55% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 26% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 18 February 2012, Latvia held
15904-550: The participation of the State Duma in the formation of the government "would be consistent with the principles of proper balance of power" and "would provide a higher level of responsibility" in the work of Ministers. In July 2019, Volodin again called for the introduction of appropriate amendments to the Constitution in his article in the Parliamentary Newspaper . Later, Volodin's proposal was supported by
16046-453: The peasants' speech was never systematically studied, as it was generally regarded by philologists as simply a source of folklore and an object of curiosity. This was acknowledged by the noted Russian dialectologist Nikolai Karinsky , who toward the end of his life wrote: "Scholars of Russian dialects mostly studied phonetics and morphology. Some scholars and collectors compiled local dictionaries. We have almost no studies of lexical material or
16188-583: The political spectrum." Russian language Russian is an East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family . It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians . It was the de facto and de jure official language of the former Soviet Union . Russian has remained an official language of
16330-459: The population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, and understand the spoken language. In October 2023, Kazakhstan drafted a media law aimed at increasing the use of the Kazakh language over Russian, the law stipulates that the share of the state language on television and radio should increase from 50% to 70%, at a rate of 5% per year, starting in 2025. In Kyrgyzstan , Russian
16472-418: The population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 67% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the 2019 Belarusian census , out of 9,413,446 inhabitants of the country, 5,094,928 (54.1% of the total population) named Belarusian as their native language, with 61.2% of ethnic Belarusians and 54.5% of ethnic Poles declaring Belarusian as their native language. In everyday life in
16614-479: The pronunciation of ultra-short or reduced /ŭ/ , /ĭ/ . Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz , and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš' . Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration
16756-472: The proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names. Russian is an East Slavic language of the wider Indo-European family . It is a descendant of Old East Slavic , a language used in Kievan Rus' , which was a loose conglomerate of East Slavic tribes from the late 9th to the mid-13th centuries. From the point of view of spoken language , its closest relatives are Ukrainian , Belarusian , and Rusyn ,
16898-423: The protesters discussions on blogs and social networks and performs social media tracking which later led to the establishment of the Internet Research Agency . Despite the fact that Volodin actively supports Vladimir Putin (for example, he says that "no Putin, no Russia"), many experts talk about his presidential ambitions. So in 2012, one of his friends in an interview with Reuters said that considers Volodin
17040-491: The respondents), while according to the 2002 census – 142.6 million people (99.2% of the respondents). In Ukraine , Russian is a significant minority language. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. On 5 September 2017, Ukraine's Parliament passed
17182-557: The river fleet; he died at the age of 51 in 1969. After the death of his father, he was brought up by his stepfather. His sister is an employee of a consulting firm, and his brother is a military pensioner. All of them, according to Volodin himself, live in the Saratov Oblast. His mother graduated from the Saratov Pedagogical College [ Wikidata ] . After completing her studies, she refused
17324-434: The salary can reach 80,000 rubles. An employee interviewed by The Washington Post described the work: I immediately felt like a character in the book 1984 by George Orwell — a place where you have to write that white is black and black is white. Your first feeling, when you ended up there, was that you were in some kind of factory that turned lying, telling untruths, into an industrial assembly line. According to
17466-417: The spring of 2014. In late May 2014, the hacker group Anonymous International began publishing documents received from hacked emails of Internet Research Agency managers. In May–June 2014, Internet trolls invaded news media sites and massively posted pro-Russian comments in broken English. In March 2015 a service enabling censorship of sources of anti-Ukrainian propaganda in social networks inside Ukraine
17608-679: The survey carried out by RATING in August 2023 in the territory controlled by Ukraine and among the refugees, almost 60% of the polled usually speak Ukrainian at home, about 30% – Ukrainian and Russian, only 9% – Russian. Since March 2022, the use of Russian in everyday life has been noticeably decreasing. For 82% of respondents, Ukrainian is their mother tongue, and for 16%, Russian is their mother tongue. IDPs and refugees living abroad are more likely to use both languages for communication or speak Russian. Nevertheless, more than 70% of IDPs and refugees consider Ukrainian to be their native language. In
17750-512: The syntax of Russian dialects." After 1917, Marxist linguists had no interest in the multiplicity of peasant dialects and regarded their language as a relic of the rapidly disappearing past that was not worthy of scholarly attention. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930: The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism. On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to
17892-428: The time and later became First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia and was responsible for domestic policy, was tasked with countering these efforts and began to rein in the internet using Prisma ( Russian : «Призма» ) which "actively tracks the social media activities that result in increased social tension, disorderly conduct, protest sentiments and extremist" by monitoring in real time
18034-449: The tone of the statements of each of these sources with a lag of several minutes or given as an estimated error of 2–3% almost in real time. The article called the terminals Volodin's Prism (Russian: Призма Володина ) for Vyacheslav Volodin . After the Snow revolution following the 4 December 2011 Russian legislative elections , Volodin actively used his Prism terminal, which he received on
18176-486: The trolls' office earlier, in June 2014. Each commentator has a daily quota of 100 comments. Trolls took shifts writing mainly in blogs on LiveJournal and Vkontakte , about subjects along the propaganda lines assigned. Included among the employees are artists who draw political cartoons. They work for 12 hours every other two days. A blogger's quota is ten posts per shift, each post at least 750 characters. A commenter's norm
18318-786: The two. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern , Central (or Middle), and Southern , with Moscow lying in the Central region. The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly, a phenomenon called okanye ( оканье ). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e⁓i̯ɛ/ in place of Proto-Slavic * ě and /o⁓u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Ukrainian) instead of Standard Russian /e/ and /o/ , respectively. Another Northern dialectal morphological feature
18460-511: The use of the language has some presence in certain areas. A large part of the population, especially the older generations, can speak Russian as a foreign language. However, English has replaced Russian as lingua franca in Lithuania and around 80% of young people speak English as their first foreign language. In contrast to the other two Baltic states, Lithuania has a relatively small Russian-speaking minority (5.0% as of 2008). According to
18602-559: Was a candidate of the political bloc Fatherland – All Russia . After being elected Volodin became deputy chairman of the third State Duma , and from September 2001 he was the head of the Fatherland – All Russia . In 2003, he ran for a seat in the fourth State Duma and was elected as a Deputy from the Balakovo constituency , Saratov Oblast . In the fourth State Duma he was deputy chairman again and appointed first deputy head of
18744-761: Was a member of the Presidium of the General Council of United Russia, Sergei Prikhodko , who was a Deputy Prime Minister, Konstantin Kosachev ( Russian : Константин Косачев ), who was the head of the Duma Committee on International Affairs at that time, Yu.V. Pervova ( Russian : Ю.В. Первова ) and Nikolay Ashlapov ( Russian : Николай Аншлапов ), who was later the Head of the Federal Agency for Special Construction. "Sosny" purchased land from
18886-469: Was elected Chairman of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union State . As Chairman, Volodin actively began to deal with the discipline of deputies. At first he forbade deputies to vote by proxy for other deputies. In this connection, the deputies have to attend the meetings in person. Fines for missing meetings without a valid reason were also introduced. On 6 March 2019, Vyacheslav Volodin, during
19028-405: Was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 18th century. Although most Russian colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. In Nikolaevsk, Alaska , Russian
19170-421: Was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 19% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. According to the 2014 Moldovan census , Russians accounted for 4.1% of Moldova's population, 9.4% of the population declared Russian as their native language, and 14.5% said they usually spoke Russian. According to the 2010 census in Russia , Russian language skills were indicated by 138 million people (99.4% of
19312-601: Was founded in mid-2013. In 2013, Novaya Gazeta newspaper reported that Internet Research Agency Ltd's office was in Olgino , a historic district of Saint Petersburg . Uncovered by Anonymous International and made public in June 2014, Vyacheslav Volodin is a strong supporter of the interests of Yevgeny Prigozhin and the trolls at the Internet Research Agency. The terms "Trolls from Olgino" and "Olgino's trolls" (Russian: "Тролли из Ольгино" , "Ольгинские тролли") have become general terms denoting trolls who spread pro-Russian propaganda, not only necessarily those based at
19454-468: Was launched. The United States Justice Department announced the indictment on 16 February 2018, of the Internet Research Agency while also naming more than a dozen individual suspects who allegedly worked there as part of the special counsel's investigation into criminal interference with the 2016 election. Russian bloggers Anton Nosik , Rustem Adagamov , and Dmitriy Aleshkovskiy have said that paid Internet-trolls don't change public opinion. Their usage
19596-678: Was linked to Yevgeny Prigozhin , a former Russian oligarch who was leader of the Wagner Group , and based in Saint Petersburg , Russia. The agency was first mentioned in 2016, when Russian journalist Andrey Zakharov published his investigation into Prigozhin’s "troll factory". The January 2017 report issued by the United States Intelligence Community – Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections – described
19738-403: Was one of the first Russian politicians to publicly support the invasion. He has denounced Russians who oppose the war as "traitors". On 11 March 2022, he stated that "[Ukrainian] citizens are expendable for Washington and Brussels: the war to the last Ukrainian takes hundreds of lives every day. The Kyiv regime leads Ukraine to its complete disappearance." On 5 April 2022, Volodin claimed that
19880-473: Was reported as having data from fake accounts used for biased Internet trolling . Subsequently, there were news reports of individuals receiving monetary compensation for performing these tasks. On 16 February 2018, a United States grand jury indicted 13 Russian nationals and three Russian entities, including the Internet Research Agency, on charges of violating criminal laws with the intent to interfere "with U.S. elections and political processes", according to
20022-433: Was the only participant in half of those bids. In mid-2013 the agency won a tender for providing freight services for participants of Seliger camp. In 2014, according to Russian media, Internet Research Ltd. (Russian: «Интернет исследования» ) was founded in March 2014, and joined IRA's activity. The newspaper Novaya Gazeta reported that this company is a successor of Internet Research Agency Ltd. Internet Research Ltd.
20164-402: Was the sixth-most used language on the top 1,000 sites, behind English, Chinese, French, German, and Japanese. Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between
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