131-532: The Joshi-Abhyankar serial murders were ten murders committed by Rajendra Jakkal, Dilip Sutar, Shantaram Kanhoji Jagtap and Munawar Harun Shah of Pune , India between January 1976 and March 1977. All the murderers were commercial art students at the Abhinav Kala Mahavidyalaya, Tilak Road, and were hanged for their crimes on 27 November 1983. The group had acquired a poor reputation on their college campus for robbery and drinking. Prakash
262-455: A literacy rate of 87.19 percent. By age, 685,022 were age four or younger; 1,491,352 were between ages five and 15; 4,466,901 were 15 to 59, and 589,280 were 60 years of age or older. For every 1,000 males age 6 and older, there were 919 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 12.52% and 3.70% of the population respectively. Hindus are the largest religious community, with a significant Muslim minority. In rural areas, Hindus are
393-543: A mangalsutra , a watch and several thousand rupees . Yashomati Bafana's bungalow on Shankarseth Road was attacked on the evening of 22 November. However, Bafana and her two servants fought back and the assailants escaped by climbing a barbed-wire fence around the perimeter. On 1 December 1976 at around 8 pm, the group attacked the Smriti bungalow on Bhandarkar Road belonging to the Abhyankars. There were five people in
524-501: A ball of cloth, tying their hands and legs and then strangling them with a nylon rope. The granddaughter, Jui, was stripped naked and forced to direct them to the valuables in the house before she was killed. Anil Gokhale was the younger brother of a college friend, Jayant Gokhale. On the evening of 23 March 1977, Anil was supposed to meet his brother at the Alka Talkies and was offered a ride home by Jakkal on his motorcycle . He
655-536: A complex of ancient Indian Buddhist rock-cut shrines which were developed from the second century BCE to the fifth century CE; the oldest of the shrines is believed to date to 160 BCE. Traders and Satvahana rulers financed construction of the caves. Buddhists, identified with commerce and manufacturing through their early association with traders, tended to locate their monasteries in natural formations near major trade routes to provide lodging for travelling traders. Inscriptions at Karla and Junnar suggest that in
786-584: A constant process of industrial land acquisition and the creation of required support infrastructure. Since then, there has been a massive influx of several European companies who continue to be keen on setting up manufacturing facilities in the city. The city serves as headquarters to many companies. Major industrial areas around Pune are Chakan , Chinchwad , Bhosari , Pirangut , Hinjawadi , Talegaon , Talawade , Urse . The Independent referred Chakan as India's "Motor City". The Kirloskar Group , one of India's largest manufacturers and exporters of pumps and
917-674: A lasting impact on popular culture in India, spanning several decades. Some of the more notable pieces to stem from these events are: In addition to these books and films, the Joshi-Abhyankar serial murders have also been featured in episodes of true crime TV series such as Savdhaan India (2012) and Crime Patrol (2015). Pune Pune ( / ˈ p uː n ə / POO -nə , Marathi: [ˈpuɳe] , ISO : Puṇē ), previously spelled in English as Poona (
1048-591: A majority(80) were Deshastha Brahmins , 46 were Chitpawan , 15 were Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu ( CKP ) whereas Karhade Brahmin and Saraswat accounted for 11 families each. The Third Anglo-Maratha War broke out between the Marathas and the British East India Company in 1817. The Peshwas were defeated at the Battle of Khadki (then spelled Kirkee) on 5 November near Pune and
1179-752: A modern metropolis. The Poona Municipal Council was reorganised to form the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) in 1950. The education sector in the city continued its growth in the post-independence era with the establishment of the University of Pune (now, Savitribai Phule Pune University ) in 1949, the National Chemical Laboratory in 1950 and the National Defence Academy in 1955. The establishment of Hindustan Antibiotics in 1954 marked
1310-406: A number of private hospitals such as Ranka Hospital, Sahyadri , Jahangir Nursing Home, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Sancheti Hospital, Aditya Birla Memorial Hospital , KEM Hospital , Ruby Hall , Naidu Hospital and Smile Inn Dental Clinic Pune. Pune is a well known manufacturing and industrial center of India. With an estimated nominal GDP of Rs. 3,31,478 crores for year 2019–20, Pune District
1441-592: A relay station was built in Khadki to relay telegraph signals for the Imperial Wireless Chain . In 1885, Pune was a post-distribution hub for the district. There were two post offices in the city, which also offered money-order and savings-bank services. Areas east of Pune receive less rainfall than areas west of the city adjacent to the Western Ghats . To minimize drought risk, a masonry dam
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#17328015267851572-544: A result, the city saw a huge influx of people due to opportunities offered by the manufacturing, and lately, the software industries. The breach in the Panshet dam and the resulting flood of 1961 led to severe damage and the destruction of housing close to the river banks. The mishap spurred the development of new suburbs and housing complexes. To integrate urban planning, the Pune Metropolitan Region
1703-614: A specific group of varkaris.). Company rule came to an end when, under the terms of a proclamation issued by Queen Victoria , the Bombay Presidency , Pune and the rest of British India came under the British crown in 1858. Villages in the district saw rioting in 1875 by peasants protesting Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders. The disturbances involved peasants getting the moneylenders to burn their documents and, in some cases, torching their houses. The riots were responsible for
1834-482: Is 100 km (62 mi) north of the seismically active zone around Koyna Dam . The India Meteorological Department has assessed this area as being in Zone 3 , on a scale of 2 to 5, with 5 being the most prone to earthquakes. Pune has experienced some moderate – and many low – intensity earthquakes in its history. The city has a population of 3,124,458; while 5,057,709 people reside in
1965-452: Is May. The city often has heavy dusty winds in May, with humidity remaining high. Even during the hottest months, the nights are usually cool due to Pune's high altitude. The highest temperature recorded was 43.3 °C (109.9 °F) on 30 April 1897. The monsoon lasts from June to October, with moderate rainfall and temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). Most of
2096-943: Is a district in Western Maharashtra with Administrative Headquarters in Pune city. Pune district is the most populous district in the Indian state of Maharashtra . It is one of the most industrialised districts in India. According to archaeological discoveries of the Jorwe culture in Chandoli and Inamgaon , portions of the district have been occupied by humans since the Chalcolithic (the Copper Age, 5th–4th millennium BCE). Many ancient trade routes linking ports in western India (particularly those of coastal Konkan ) with
2227-593: Is also home to the world's largest vaccine manufacturer, Serum Institute of India . Pune is situated at approximately 18° 32" north latitude and 73° 51" east longitude. The city's total area is 15.642 km , and the municipal corporation area covers 518 km . By road Pune is 149 km (93 mi) south-east of Mumbai , 580 km (360 mi) south-west of Indore , 695 km (432 mi) west of Nagpur , 1,173 km (729 mi) south of Delhi , 734 km (456 mi) north of Bangalore , 562 km (349 mi) north-west of Hyderabad . Pune lies on
2358-446: Is considered vulnerable until 20 September. Pune district had a population of 9,429,408 in the 2011 census , roughly equal to the nation of Benin . The fourth most populous of India's 640 districts, it has a population density of 603 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,560/sq mi). The district's population-growth rate between 2001 and 2011 was 30.34 percent. Pune has a sex ratio of 910 females to every 1,000 males, and
2489-512: Is one of the largest IT hubs in India . It is also one of the most important automobile and manufacturing hubs of India. Pune is often referred to as the "Oxford of the East" because of its educational institutions . It has been ranked "the most liveable city in India" several times. Pune at different points in time has been ruled by the Rashtrakuta dynasty , Ahmadnagar Sultanate ,
2620-514: Is the official and most-spoken language. Pune, being the cultural capital of Maharashtra, is a centre for Marathi literature and its dialect forms the basis for the written standard of Marathi. As a destination for migrants throughout India, Hindi is also widely-spoken, as is Dakhni Urdu by the Muslim community. Gujarati and Marwari are spoken by the business community. Pune Municipal Corporation and Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation are
2751-694: Is the seat of the bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Poona . Pune has Jain temples dating back to the Peshwa era. At present, there are more than one hundred Jain temples in PMR with the one at Katraj being the largest. Pune has over 20 Gurdwaras, with Gurdwara Guru Nanak Darbar in Pune Camp and Gurdwara Shri Guru Singh Sabha in Ganesh Peth being the ones situated in the heart of
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#17328015267852882-575: Is the third largest contributor to the economy of Maharashtra, after Mumbai and Thane. Pune has the fifth largest metropolitan economy and the sixth highest per capita income in the country. As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Maharashtra), the GDP per capita of Pune District in 2019–20 was Rs. 3,16,848. In 2014–15, the manufacturing sector provided employment to over 500,000 people. The formation of MIDC in 1962 resulted in
3013-412: Is unpredictable, in tune with the Indian monsoon. Summers, from early March to July, are dry and hot. Temperatures range from 20 to 38 °C (68 to 100 °F), and may reach 40 °C (104 °F). Winter runs from November to February. Temperatures usually hover around 7 to 12 °C (45 to 54 °F), sometimes dipping to 3 °C (37 °F). June is the driest month, and the agricultural sector
3144-523: The Paduka (symbolic sandals) of these saints are carried in a pilgrimage , the Pandharpur Vari , to meet Vithoba. The procession makes a stopover in the city on its way to Pandharpur attracting hundreds of thousands of Varkaris and devotees. Other important Hindu pilgrimage sites in PMR or the district include Jejuri , and five of Ashtavinayak Ganesh temples. The Shrutisagar Ashram houses
3275-686: The Bombay High Court on 6 April 1979, and their special leave petitions against their convictions and sentences were dismissed by the Supreme Court on 17 November 1980. After both the High Court and Supreme Court turned down their appeals, the accused approached the President of India for a pardon . The pardon was not granted, and the four were hanged at Yerwada Central Jail on 27 November 1983. The serial murders have had
3406-666: The Deccan Plateau pass through the district. The town of Junnar has been an important trading and political center for the last two thousand years, and it was first mentioned by Greco-Roman travellers in the early first millennium CE. The Karla Caves in Karli , near Lonavala , are near the Western Ghats and a major ancient trade route running eastward from the Arabian Sea to the Deccan Plateau. The caves are
3537-578: The Kasba Ganapati temple. The Ganesha idol consecrated at this temple has been regarded as the presiding deity ( Gramadevata ) of the city. Pune changed hands between the Mughals and the Marathas many times during the rest of the 1600s.Recognizing the military potential of Pune, the Mughal general Shaista Khan and later, the emperor Aurangzeb further developed the areas around the town. Pune
3668-829: The Krishna River 's main tributary, rises in the Western Ghats and flows east. All the district's rivers (the Pushpavati, Krushnavati, Kukadi , Meena, Ghod , Bhama, Andhra, Indrayani , Pavna , Mula , Mutha , Ambi, Mose, Shivganga, Kanandi, Gunjavni, Velvandi, Nira , Karha and Velu) flow into the Bhima or its tributaries. Major dams are on the Kukadi , Pushpavati, Ghod , Bhima , Pavna, Bhama , Mula , Mutha (the Temghar and Khadakwasla Dams ) and Mose . Nine of
3799-874: The Maratha empire era under the Maratha and Peshwa rule of the city in the 18th century, before the arrival of the British . Pune is home to many distinctive peths, or place names, for various neighbourhoods. The majority of them bore the names of their founders and days of the week. Pune has a tropical wet and dry ( Köppen Aw ) climate, closely bordering upon a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh ) with average temperatures ranging between 20 and 28 °C (68 and 82 °F). Pune experiences three seasons: summer, monsoon , and winter. Typical summer months are from mid-March to mid-June, with maximum temperatures sometimes reaching 42 °C (108 °F). The warmest month in Pune
3930-579: The Maval region, winning over (or subduing) most of the local Maval leaders. He rebuilt the settlement of Pune, and prominent families who had left the town during its 1631 destruction by the Adilshahi general Murar Jaggdeo returned. Among Kondadeo's reported reforms was a tax of one-fourth the cash equivalent of a land's yield, and the Fasli calendar was introduced at this time. He is said to have focused on
4061-939: The Mughals , and the Adil Shahi dynasty . In the 18th century, the city was part of the Maratha Empire , and the seat of the Peshwas , the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire. Pune was seized by the British East India Company in the Third Anglo-Maratha War ; it gained municipal status in 1858, the year in which Crown rule began. Many historical landmarks like Shaniwarwada , Shinde Chhatri , and Vishrambaug Wada date to this era. Historical sites from different eras dot
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4192-475: The PMC , six townships with up to 15,000 housing units existed in Pune in 2012 and 25 more were in the planning process. The Mercer 2017 Quality of Living Rankings evaluated living conditions in more than 440 cities around the world and ranked Pune at 145, second highest in India after Hyderabad at 144. The same source highlights Pune as being among evolving business centres and as one of nine emerging cities around
4323-704: The Ramoshi caste). The best-known kotwal in Pune during Peshwa rule was Ghashiram Kotwal , and the city's police force was admired by European visitors. The patronage of the Brahmin Peshwas resulted in Pune's expansion, with the construction of about 250 temples and bridges (including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill ). Many temples like Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna and Ganesha temples were built during this era. Their patronage extended to 164 schools ( pathshalas ) in
4454-544: The Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna I. The plates call the region "Puny Vishaya " and "Punaka Vishaya", respectively. The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this time, and the area included Theur , Uruli , Chorachi Alandi, and Bhosari . The region became part of the Yadava Empire of Deogiri from the ninth to the 13th centuries. The Muslim Khalji rulers of the Delhi Sultanate overthrew
4585-550: The Treaty of Purandar (1665) , signed by the Mughal general Mirza Jaisingh and Shivaji, Shivaji ceded control of a number of forts in the district to the Mughals. Shivaji recaptured many of these forts when the truce ended. He was succeeded on the Marathi throne by his eldest son, Sambhaji , in 1680. Shortly afterwards, the Mughal army under Aurangzeb moved into the Deccan Plateau and remained there for nearly three decades. Sambhaji
4716-603: The Yadavas of Devagiri . The Pune Jagir which was restored to Shahaji after he joined the Adilshahi service in 1637.Since he was required to be based in Bengaluru as the Adilshah commander, Shahaji selected Pune as the residence for [Jijabai and son Shivaji, and appointed Dadoji Konddeo as administrator of the Pune jagir.Konddeo oversaw the construction of their Lal Mahal palace. Konddeo established complete control over
4847-429: The nylon ropes used to tie the body to the ladder were fastened in a manner identical to earlier murders. The police had initially thought the murders were a result of botched robberies but were soon faced with the fact that they were following a group of serial killers. Cases like these were rare at that time in India, and the police began an intensive investigation to prevent additional deaths. When questioned by police,
4978-465: The 1790s, the city had a population of 600,000. In 1781, after a city census, a household tax ( gharpatti ) was levied on the more affluent: one-fifth to one-sixth of the property value. Order in Peshwa Pune was maintained by the kotwal , who was a police chief, magistrate and municipal commissioner and whose duties included investigating, levying and collecting fines for offences. The kotwal
5109-498: The 1970s and 1980s. The Osho International Meditation Resort , one of the world's largest spiritual centres, is located in Koregaon Park and attracts visitors from over a hundred countries. The meditation resort organises music and meditation festival every year during monsoon, known as Osho Monsoon Festival . Number of well known artists around the world participates in the event. Languages of Pune M Corp (2011) Marathi
5240-594: The 722 mm (28.43 in) of annual rainfall in the city falls between June and September, and July is the wettest month of the year. Hailstorms are not unheard of. For most of December and January the daytime temperature hovers around 29 °C (84.2 °F) while overnight temperatures are below 12 °C (53.6 °F). On 11 May 2023, Koregaon Park recorded a temperature of 44.4 °C (112 °F) Pune has been ranked 23rd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Pune
5371-472: The 9th century an agricultural settlement known as Punnaka existed at the location of the modern Pune. The plates indicate that this region was ruled by the Rashtrakuta dynasty . The Pataleshwar rock-cut temple complex was built during this era. Pune was part of the territory ruled by the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri from the 9th century to 1327. Pune was under control of various Muslim sultanates until
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5502-686: The Bhosale family. In 1632, Shahaji forsook the Mughals and accepted the friendship of the Adilshahi rulers of Bijapur (the traditional rivals of Ahmadnagar Sultanate ). After the fall of the Ahmadnagar (Nizamshahi) Sultanate, its territory was divided between the Adilshahi and the Mughals with Pune region going to the former. Shahaji refused to surrender Junnar (the seat of the Nizamshahi dynasty) before he finally capitulated. However, Shahaji
5633-549: The Bombay presidency government enacting the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act to protect peasants from land grabbing by money lenders. During the first and second Anglo-Maratha wars, it took four or five weeks to move materials from Mumbai to Pune. An 1804 military road constructed by the British East India Company reduced the journey to four or five days. The company built a macadam road between
5764-506: The British, and numerous suburbs . There are several Peths in usual localities of the Pune city. The industrial growth in the Pimpri , Chinchwad , Akurdi , Nigdi and nearby areas allowed these areas to incorporate a new governing municipal corporation. The Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR), initially defined in 1967, has grown to 7,256 km made up of the ten talukas of the Pune district . The areas of PMC and PCMC along with
5895-569: The German Bakery in the upmarket Koregaon Park neighbourhood in eastern Pune, killing 17 and injuring 60. Evidence suggested that the Indian Mujahideen terrorist group carried out the attack. Pune has evolved greatly since Indian Independence, from notable universities, colleges and management schools, earning it the nickname of the 'Oxford Of The East', to being one of the most important automobile manufacturing hub. Pune
6026-433: The Mughal invaders, and stabilise the territories ruled by Ahmednagar, local Maratha chieftains were given increased power. Amongst the chieftains was Maloji , who was made a raja in 1595; the districts of Pune and Supa were given to him as a jagir ( fief ). Maloji was also given charge of the forts at Shivneri and Chakan , which played an important role in the district's early political history. In 1600, Ahmednagar
6157-610: The Mughal siege. Before the Mughals captured Gingee, Rajaram returned to Maharashtra and died in Sinhagad in 1700. Ambikabai, one of his widows, committed sati at Rajaram's death. The Bhimthadi (or Deccani) horse was developed in the region under Maratha rule by crossing Arabian and Turkic breeds with local ponies. rightShivaji's grandson, Shahu I , appointed the Chitpavan Brahmin Balaji Vishwanath as his Peshwa in 1714. Vishwanath received
6288-467: The Mula-Mutha river into a dead river. The Pune municipal corporation has undertaken plans to restore life into the rivers. PMC is also responsible for collecting solid waste. Around 1,600 tons of solid waste is generated in Pune each day. The waste consists of 53% organic, compostable material; and 47% inorganic material, of which around half is recyclable. The unrecovered solid waste is transported to
6419-421: The Nizamshahi capital was moved to Junnar at the beginning of the 16th century. The Bhosale family received a jagir (land grant), and control of the region shifted among the Bhosale rulers, the sultanates and the Mughals during the century. The district was central to the founding of the Maratha Empire by Shivaji . With the establishment of Nizamshahi rule, with Ahmednagar its headquarters, nearly all of
6550-529: The PMC elected in February 2017 has 162 corporators representing 41 multi-member wards (39 with 4 corporators each and 2 with 3 each). The general body, in turn, elects the mayor and the deputy mayor. The mayor has a ceremonial role as the first citizen and ambassador of the city while the actual executive power lies with the municipal commissioner. For policy deliberations, corporators form several committees. Perhaps
6681-440: The PMR is provided by private and public facilities. Primary care is provided by practitioners of Allopathic medicine as well as traditional and alternative medicine (i.e. Ayurved , Homeopathy and Unani ). For minor and chronic ailments, people in the region often rely on practitioners of traditional medicine. The PMR is served by three government hospitals: Sassoon Hospital , Budhrani and Dr Ambedkar Hospital. There are also
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#17328015267856812-418: The Pune Urban Agglomeration as of the 2011 census . The latter was c. 4,485,000 in 2005. According to the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC), 40% of the population lived in slums in 2001. Since Pune is a major industrial metropolis, it has attracted migrants from all parts of India. The number of people migrating to Pune rose from 43,900 in 2001 to 88,200 in 2005. The sharp increase in population during
6943-422: The Pune region, taking possession of the key Torna Fort and controlling the Chakan and Purandar forts and raiding Junnar. He moved his administration to the renovated Rajgad fort in 1648, aand kept it there until his coronation in 1674. During the 1660s, the Mughals under Aurangzeb began paying attention to Shivaji. Pune and the region's forts frequently changed hands between the Mughals and Shivaji. In
7074-430: The Rashtrakuta dynasty, the city was referred to as Punnaka and Punyapur. The copper plates of 758 and 768 CE show that the Yadava dynasty had renamed the city Punakavishaya and Punya Vishaya. 'Vishaya' means land, and 'Punaka' and 'Punya' mean holy. The city was known as Kasbe Pune when under the command of Maratha king Shivaji 's father, Shahaji . Mughal emperor Aurangzeb renamed a small neighbourhood in central part of
7205-403: The Silver Bus Company, and Tanga (horse-drawn carriage) drivers went on strike in protest. Tangas were a common mode of public transport well into the 1950s, and bicycles were a private vehicle choice in the 1930s. The British installed a telegraph system in Pune in 1858. According to the 1885 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona , the city and the GIPR had telegraph offices. In 1928,
7336-522: The Vedanta Research Centre and a unique temple of Dakshinamurthy . Prominent mosques include Roshan Masjid, Chand Tara Masjid, Jama Masjid, and Azam Campus Masjid, Manusha Masjid. Chand Tara Masjid, located in Nana Peth , is one of the biggest and most important mosques in Pune as it is the city headquarters ( markaz ) for the Tablighi Jamaat . Pune is also the birthplace of Meher Baba , although his followers usually travel to Meherabad to visit his tomb. Hazrat Babajan , identified by Meher Baba as one of
7467-423: The Western Ghats between Pune and Mumbai. The Poona electric-supply company, a Tata company, received power from the Khopoli (on the Mumbai side of the Ghats) and Bhivpuri plants near the Mulshi dam. Power was used to electrify trains running between Mumbai and Pune and for industrial and residential use, and a dam was built on the Velvandi River in Bhor . The district is surrounded by Thane district on
7598-418: The Yadavas in 1317, beginning three hundred years of Islamic control. The Khalji were followed by another sultanate dynasty, the Tughlaqs . A Tughlaq governor on the Deccan Plateau rebelled and created the Bahamani Sultanate , which later dissolved into the Deccan sultanates . During the 1400s, Russian traveler Afanasy Nikitin spent many months in Junnar during the monsoon season and vividly describes life in
7729-456: The area around Pune from the grateful mother of one of Shahu's ministers for saving her son's life. In 1718, Shahu sent him to Delhi to assist the Sayyads; in return for this help, Muhammad Shah (the Mughal emperor in Delhi) granted Shahu sardeshmukhi rights for Pune, Supa, Baramati, Indapur and Junnar. Shahu appointed Baji Rao I Peshwa in 1720, succeeding his father. Baji Rao moved his administration from Saswad to nearby Pune in 1728, laying
7860-411: The area that supply water to the city and the greater metropolitan area. The city lacks the capacity to treat all the sewage it generates, which leads to the Mutha river containing only sewage outside the monsoon months. In 2009 only 65% of sewage generated was treated before being discharged into the rivers. According to Anwesha Borthakur and Pardeep Singh, unplanned and haphazard development has turned
7991-529: The beginning of industrial development in the Hadapsar , Bhosari , and Pimpri areas. MIDC provided the necessary infrastructure for new businesses to set up operations. In the 1970s, several engineering companies were set up in the city, allowing it to vie with Chennai . In the 1990s, Pune began to attract foreign capital, particularly in the information technology and engineering industries. IT parks were established in Aundh , Viman Nagar , Hinjawadi , Wagholi , Kharadi and Balewadi - Baner region. As
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#17328015267858122-459: The building of temples and temple rituals led to religion being responsible for about 15 percent of the city's economy during this period. Peshwas and knights residing in the city had individual hobbies and interests; Madhavrao II had a private collection of exotic animals, such as lions and rhinoceros, near the Peshwe Park zoo. The last Peshwa, Baji Rao II , was a strength and wrestling enthusiast. The sport of pole gymnastics ( mallakhamba )
8253-1200: The city of Pune namely Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC). PCMC, Pune is north western city limits of Pune and its corporation covers Nigdi , Akurdi, Pimpri , Chinchwad and Bhosari . The region was zoned for industrial development by the state of Maharashtra in the early 1960s & later acceded to the city limits. Pune District is divided into fifteen talukas – Pune City taluka , Pimpri-Chinchwad taluka , Haveli taluka , Mulshi taluka , Velhe taluka , Bhor taluka , Purandar taluka , Baramati taluka , Daund taluka , Indapur taluka , Maval taluka , Khed taluka , Shirur taluka , Ambegaon taluka and Junnar taluka . There are thirteen panchayat samitis . The district has 1,866 villages and 21 Vidhan Sabha constituencies: Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed-Alandi, Maval, Mulshi, Haveli, Bopodi, Shivajinagar, Parvati (SC), Kasba Peth, Bhvani Peth, Camp Cantonment , Shirur, Daund, Indapur, Baramati, Purandhar and Bhor. Its four Lok Sabha constituencies are Pune, Baramati, Shirur and Maval (shared with Raigad district). The district has three cantonments , in Camp , Khadki and Dehu Road . Smaller towns in
8384-415: The city was a centre of agitation led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak . The city was also a centre for social reform led by Gopal Ganesh Agarkar , Mahatma Jyotirao Phule , feminist Tarabai Shinde , Dhondo Keshav Karve and Pandita Ramabai . They demanded the abolition of caste prejudice, equal rights for women, harmony between the Hindu and Muslim communities, and better schools for
8515-493: The city was seized by the British. It was placed under the administration of the Bombay Presidency and the British built a large military cantonment to the east of the city (now used by the Indian Army ).The old city and the cantonment areas followed different patterns of development, with the latter being developed more on European lines to cater for the needs of the British military class. The old city had narrow lanes and areas segregated by caste and religion. The settlement of
8646-444: The city which taught Hindu holy texts ( shastras ) to Brahmin men. Pune also had many public festivals. Major festivals were Ganeshotsav , the Deccan New Year ( Gudi Padwa ), Holi , and Dasara . Holi at the Peshwa court was celebrated over a five-day period. The Dakshina festival, celebrated in the Hindu month of Shravan (when millions of rupees were distributed), attracted Brahmins from throughout India to Pune. The festivals,
8777-576: The city, including the Lakdi Pul and the temples on Parvati Hill and many Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna , and Ganesh temples. The building of temples led to religion being responsible for about 15% of the city's economy during this period. Pune prospered as a city during the reign of Nanasaheb Peshwa. He developed Saras Baug , Heera Baug, Parvati Hill and new commercial, trading , and residential localities. Sadashiv Peth , Narayan Peth , Rasta Peth and Nana Peth were developed. The Peshwa's influence in India declined after
8908-474: The city. Pune has historically been a major cultural centre, with important figures like Dnyaneshwar , Shivaji , Tukaram , Baji Rao I , Balaji Baji Rao , Madhavrao I , Nana Fadnavis , Mahadev Govind Ranade , Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Mahatma Jyotirao Phule , Savitribai Phule , Gopal Ganesh Agarkar , Tarabai Shinde , Dhondo Keshav Karve , and Pandita Ramabai doing their life's work in Pune City or in an area that falls in Pune Metropolitan Region . Pune
9039-469: The city. As agriculture has dwindled in recent decades, immigration of the erstwhile rural peoples now accounts for 70 per cent of the population growth. The average literacy rate of Pune was 86.15% in 2011 compared to 80.45% in 2001. Hinduism is the major religion, practised by a little under 80% of people in Pune. Other religions with a significant presence include Islam , Buddhism , Jainism , Christianity , Sikhism and Zoroastrianism . Of
9170-408: The city. The 19th-century Ohel David Synagogue , known locally as Lal Deval, is said to be one of the largest synagogues in Asia outside Israel. The Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Agiary is a prominent Zoroastrian temple. Pune has been associated with several significant recent spiritual teachers. The controversial Guru Osho , formerly the self-styled Bhagwan Rajneesh, lived and taught in Pune for much of
9301-443: The civic bodies responsible for local government . It comprises two branches, the executive branch headed by the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer appointed by the Government of Maharashtra , and an elected deliberative branch, the general body, headed by the Mayor of Pune . Municipal elections are held every five years to elect councillors, commonly known as "corporators", who form the general body. The current general body of
9432-559: The confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. The Pavana , a tributary of Mula river and Indrayani river , a tributary of the Bhima river , traverse the northwest Neighbourhoods of Pune. The modern city of Pune has many distinct neighbourhoods . These include the numerous peths of the old city on the eastern bank of the Mutha river, the cantonment areas of Khadki and Camp established by
9563-530: The decade 1991–2001 led to the absorption of 38 fringe villages into the city. The top five source areas of migrants are Karnataka , Uttar Pradesh , Andhra Pradesh , Gujarat , and Rajasthan . The Sindhis in the city are mostly refugees and their descendants, who came to the area after the partition of India in 1947. Initially they settled in the Pimpri area, which is still home to a large number of Sindhi people . However, they are also present in other parts of
9694-617: The defeat of Maratha forces at the Battle of Panipat but Pune remained the seat of power. In 1802 Pune was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the Battle of Poona , directly precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805. The Peshwa rule ended with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II by the British East India Company in 1818. Historian Govind Sakharam Sardesai lists 163 prominent families that held high ranks and played significant roles in politics, military, and finance in 18th century Pune. Of these 163 families,
9825-490: The defeat of Maratha forces in the 1761 Battle of Panipat , but Pune remained the seat of power. However, the city's fortunes declined rapidly after the 1795 accession of Baji Rao II . Pune was captured by Yashwantrao Holkar in the 1802 Battle of Pune , precipitating the Second Anglo-Maratha War of 1803–1805. Peshwa rule ended with the defeat of Baji Rao II by the British East India Company , under
9956-540: The disastrous 1761 Battle of Panipat , and the Nizam of Hyderabad looted the city. It (and the empire) recovered during the brief reign of Peshwa Madhavrao. The rest of the Peshwa era was rife with family intrigue and political machinations. The leading role was played by the ambitious Raghunathrao , the younger brother of Nanasaheb, who wanted power at the expense of his nephews Madhavrao I and Narayanrao . After Narayanrao's 1775 murder by order of Raghunathrao's wife, power
10087-408: The district have Nagar Palikas (municipal councils). Most are these are the headquarters of their respective taluka or its main town: The growth of the Pune metropolitan area has led to the development of township schemes in the city such as Magarpatta , Amanora and Nanded City and development further from the city in the mountains, such as Lavasa . Pune District Court administers justice at
10218-421: The district's fifteen talukas are identified as drought-prone, covering a total area of 1,562,000 hectares (6,030 sq mi) and a cropped area of 1,095,000 hectares (4,230 sq mi). Of the cropped area, only 116,000 hectares (450 sq mi) are irrigated—nearly half by wells and tanks, and 40 percent by government canals. The district had a population of 4.2 million in 1991, of which 52 percent
10349-459: The dumping grounds in Urali devachi. The state owned Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited supplies electricity to the city. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), owned by the central government , as well as private enterprises such as Reliance Jio , Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea are the leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city. Healthcare in
10480-623: The early part of the Common Era , the area was controlled by the Shaka ruler Nahapana . Coins found further east in the district, near Indapur , suggest that the region may have been controlled by the Traikutaka king Dahragana in 465 CE; silver coins found at Junnar suggest that the region may also have been ruled by Andhra kings . The first reference to the Pune region is found on two copper plates, dated to 758 and 768 CE and issued by
10611-516: The five perfect masters , has a shrine ( Dargah ) erected in her honour under a neem tree in Pune Camp . Pune has a distinct Christian community comprising Roman Catholic , Pentecostals , CNI , Methodist , Presbyterians , Christian Missionaries helped in setting up schools and colleges all over and also spread the message of faith. The city has several churches dedicated to different Christian denominations such as St. Anthony's Shrine and Dapodi Church. St. Patrick's Cathedral built in 1850
10742-482: The foundation for turning a kasbah into a large city. Pune grew in size and influence as Maratha rule extended through the subcontinent in subsequent decades. A well-known saying in the era before the third battle of Panipat was that the "ponies of Bhimthadi drank the water of the Indus river ". Pune gained more influence under the rule of Baji Rao I's son, Balaji Baji Rao (Nanasaheb). Maratha influence waned after
10873-409: The four men contradicted each other about their movements in the city over the previous week. Satish Gore (a colleague) cracked under questioning, leaking information about Prakash Hegde's murder and the location of his body. The signatures of strangulation with nylon rope and a specific knot also helped police zero in on the culprits. Further confessions were made by another classmate, Suhas Chandak, who
11004-654: The guardian deities of the city. Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati Temple is the richest Ganesh temple in Pune. Pune district has two of the most important pilgrimage centres of the Varkari sect of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra, namely Alandi where the samadhi of 13th century Saint Dnyaneshwar is located and Dehu where the 17th century Saint Tukaram lived. Every year in the Hindu month of Ashadh (June/July),
11135-485: The hills and forests of the Sahyadri range with his Maval friends, acquiring skills and familiarity with the land which would be useful in his military career. Around 1645, the teenaged Shivaji first expressed his concept of Hindavi Swarajya (Indian self-rule) in a letter. According to legend, he took an oath to that effect at the temple of Raireshwar near Bhor in the district. Shivaji began his rule in 1648 of
11266-544: The house of a local businessman. Achyut Joshi, from Vijaynagar colony, was attacked on the night of 31 October. The group, brandishing knives, forced their way into his house. Joshi and his wife Usha were the only ones at home. After tying the couple's hands and legs, the four strangled Joshi with nylon rope and suffocated his wife. When the Joshis' teenage son, Anand arrived home, they stripped him naked and strangled him with nylon rope. The gang then stole several items, including
11397-440: The house: noted Sanskrit scholar Kashinath Shastri Abhyankar (age 88); his wife Indirabai (age 76); their maid Sakubai Wagh (age 60), granddaughter Jui (age 20) and grandson Dhananjay (age 19). The four gained entrance by ringing the doorbell. When Dhananjay opened the door they stuffed his mouth with a ball of cloth, tied his hands and told him to direct them inside the house. The men killed each person by stuffing their mouths with
11528-404: The important for of Sinhagad overlooking the city of Pune. The governor of the new territories, Mountstuart Elphinstone , appointed a commissioner and left the district's boundaries almost intact. Elphinstone and other British officers enjoyed Saswad and the fertile valley around it. The annual Pandharpur Wari starts in two places in the district, namely Alandi and Dehu. In its present form
11659-594: The lake to Shaniwar Wada. The city received an underground sewage system in 1782 which discharged into the river. Pune prospered during Nanasaheb's reign. On the southern fringe of the city, he built a palace on the Parvati Hill , developed a garden known as Heera Baug, and dug a lake near the hill with a Ganesha temple on an island in its centre which is called Sarasbaug . Nanasaheb also developed new commercial, trading, and residential localities: Sadashiv Peth , Narayan Peth , Rasta Peth and Nana Peth . During
11790-554: The largest infrastructure pumping project contractor in Asia, is headquartered in Pune. Kalyani Group headquartered in Pune owns Bharat Forge which operates world's largest single location forging facility consisting of fully automated forging press lines and state-of-the-art machining facility in Pune. Bajaj Auto , headquartered in Pune, is ranked as the world's fourth largest two and three wheeler manufacturer. Pune district Pune district (Marathi pronunciation: [puɳeː] )
11921-519: The late 1600s. Pune was part of the Jagir (fiefdom) granted by the Nizamshahi (Ahmadnagar Sultanate) to Maloji Bhosale in 1599. Maloji Bhosale passed on Jagir of Pune to his son Shahaji Bhosale . The town was destroyed by Murar Jagdeo, a general from the rival Adil Shahi dynasty in 1636.Soon Shahaji himself joined Adilshahi and got his Pune jagir back.At that time he selected the town for
12052-834: The law enforcement agency for the city of Pune. It is a division of the Maharashtra Police and is headed by the Police Commissioner , an officer of the Indian Police Service . The Pune Police Department reports to the State Ministry of Home Affairs. A separate police commissionerate was announced for PCMC, Pune in April 2018 to be carved out of the historic Pune Police Department. The new commissionerate took charge on 15 August 2018. Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA)
12183-542: The leadership of Mountstuart Elphinstone , in 1818. In 1818, the Pune region and the rest of the Peshwa territories came under the control of the British East India Company .One of the first tasks that the company did was to destroy Hill forts previously under Maratha control.This was to stop Maratha forces regrouping in the hills. The forts destroyed in Pune district included those in the Junnar region such Shivaji's birthplace of Shivneri, Hadsar , Narayangad , Chavand , and
12314-540: The many Hindu temples in the city, the Parvati temple complex on Parvati Hill and at least 250 others date back to the 18th century. These temples were commissioned by the Peshwas , who ruled the city at the time, and are dedicated to various deities including Maruti , Vithoba , Vishnu , Mahadeo , Rama , Krishna and Ganesh . The historic temples of Kasba Ganapati , the Tambadi (Red) Jogeshwari are considered
12445-401: The most important of these is the 16-member Standing Committee, half of whose members retire every year. The Standing Committee and the 15 ward committees are in charge of financial approvals. PMC was ranked 8th out of 21 Indian cities for best governance and administrative practices in 2014. It scored 3.5 out of 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. The Pune City Police Department is
12576-436: The northwest, Raigad district on the west, Satara district on the south, Solapur district on the southeast, and Ahmednagar district on the north and northeast. On the leeward side of the Western Ghats , it extends to the Deccan Plateau on the east. Pune is at an altitude of 559 metres (1,863 feet). The district is located between 17.5° and 19.2° north latitude and 73.2° and 75.1° east longitude. The Bhima River ,
12707-548: The official name until 1978 ), is a city in the state of Maharashtra in the Deccan plateau in Western India . It is the administrative headquarters of the Pune district , and of Pune division . According to the 2011 Census of India , Pune has 7.2 million residents in the metropolitan region , making it the seventh-most populous metropolitan area in India . The city of Pune is part of Pune Metropolitan Region . Pune
12838-564: The old city as Muhiyabad (the only divergent naming) some time between 1703 and 1705 in memory of his great-grandson Muhi-ul-Milan, who died there. The name Muhiyabad was reverted soon after Aurangzeb's death. Anglicized to Poona in 1857 by the English during British rule, the city's name was changed to Pune in 1978. [REDACTED] Maratha Empire 1674–1818 [REDACTED] Bombay Presidency 1818–1947 [REDACTED] Bombay State 1947–1960 [REDACTED] Maharashtra 1960–Present Copper plates dated 858 and 868 CE show that by
12969-655: The poor. Mahatma Gandhi was imprisoned at the Yerwada Central Jail several times and placed under house arrest at the Aga Khan Palace between 1942 and 1944, where both his wife Kasturba Gandhi and aide Mahadev Desai died. Savarkar used to study in Fergusson College and performed the "Holi" of foreign items near Mutha river bank . After Indian independence from the British in 1947, Pune saw enormous growth, transforming it into
13100-553: The predominant community. Buddhists are also significant, with smaller numbers of Christians and Jains concentrated in Pune city. Languages in Pune district (2011) Marathi is the only official language of the district. At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 78.17% of the population in the district spoke Marathi , 10.00% Hindi , 1.89% Urdu , 1.40% Kannada , 1.34% Marwadi , 1.30% Telugu , 1.15% Gujarati , 0.58% Tamil , 0.53% Malayalam and 0.46% Sindhi as their first language. The district has two municipal corporations in
13231-712: The regiments of the 17 Poona Horse cavalry, the Lancashire Fusiliers , the Maratha Light Infantry , and others, led to an increase in the population. Due to its milder weather, the city became the "Monsoon capital" of the Governor of Bombay, thus making it one of the most important cities of the Bombay Presidency . The Southern Command of the Indian Army , established in 1895, is headquartered in Pune cantonment . The city of Pune
13362-532: The region under Bahamani rule. The fort at Chakan played an important role in the history of the Deccan sultanates. The Bahamani Sultanate broke up in the early 16th century; the Nizamshahi kingdom controlled the region for most of the century, with Junnar its first capital. During the early 1600s, the Nizam Shahi general Malik Ambar moved his capital there. The district became politically important when
13493-464: The region was controlled by the Nizamshahi. It was formed into a district (or sarkar ), with sub-divisions ( paragana ) and smaller ranges ( prant or desh ). Revenue collection was delegated to important chieftains of the Nizamshahi. At Ahmednagar, the Sultan bore the brunt of a heavy attack from Mughal armies who converged on the capital in 1595. To rally the strongest possible local support against
13624-513: The residence of his wife Jijabai , and young son Shivaji, the future founder of the Maratha empire. Shahaji appointed Dadoji Konddeo to help Jijabai in the administration of Jagir and in the reconstruction of the town.The Lal Mahal residence of Jiajabai and Shivaji was completed in 1640 AD. Shivaji spent his young years at the Lal Mahal. Jijabai is said to have commissioned the building of
13755-594: The slums are on mixed ownership land. The living conditions in slums varies considerably, depending on their status (formal/informal) and in how far non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community organisations (CBOs) and government agencies are involved and committed to improving local living conditions. Since the 1990s a number of landmark integrated townships and gated communities have been developed in Pune such as Magarpatta , Nanded city , Amanora , Blue Ridge , Life Republic and Lavasa . They also offer business opportunities and access to infrastructure. According to
13886-572: The three cantonment areas of Camp, Khadki, and Dehu Road form the urban core of the PMR, which also includes seven municipal councils and 842 villages. Rapid industrialisation since the 1960s has led to large influx of people into the city. Housing supply has not kept pace with demand, causing the number of slum dwellings to increase. Approximately 36% of the population lives in 486 slum areas. Of these, 45% slum households do not have in-house toilet facilities and 10% do not have electricity. One third of
14017-551: The two cities in 1830 which permitted mail-cart service. A rail line from Bombay, operated by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR), reached Pune in 1858. In the following decades, the line was extended east and south of the city. The GIPR extended its line east to Raichur in 1871, where it met the Madras Railway and connected the city to Madras . The metre-gauge Pune- Miraj line
14148-457: The wari dates back to 1820s. At that time, Sant Tukaram's descendants, and a devotee of Sant Dnyaneshwar named Haibatravbaba Arphalkar, who was a courtier of Scindias , the Maratha rulers of Gwalior made changes to wari. Haibatravbaba's changes involved carrying the paduka in a palkhi, having horses involved in the procession, and organizing the devotees or varkaris in Dindis (Dindi stands for
14279-418: The western Pune region, and has been credited with overseeing Shivaji's education and training. Kondadeo died in 1647, and Shivaji became his father's deputy. Many of Shivaji's comrades (and, later, a number of his soldiers) came from the Maval region in the district's western mountains, including Yesaji Kank , Suryaji Kakade, Baji Pasalkar, Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Tanaji Malusare . Shivaji traveled
14410-404: The western margin of the Deccan plateau , at an altitude of 560 m (1,840 ft) above sea level. It is on the leeward side of the Sahyadri mountain range, which forms a barrier from the Arabian Sea . It is a hilly city, with Vetal Hill rising to 800 m (2,600 ft) above sea level. The Sinhagad fort is at an altitude of 1,300 metres (4,300 feet). The old city of Pune is at
14541-501: The world with the citation "Hosts IT and automotive companies". The 2017 Annual Survey of India's City-Systems (ASICS) report, released by the Janaagraha Centre for Citizenship and Democracy, adjudged Pune as the best governed of 23 major cities. Peth is a general term in the Marathi language for a locality in Pune. Seventeen peths are located in Pune, which today constitute the old city of Pune. Most were established during
14672-404: Was a classmate of the killers at Abhinav. His father, Sundar Hegde, ran a small restaurant (Vishwa) behind Abhinav Kala Mahavidyalaya. The group hatched a plot to kidnap Prakash for ransom . On 15 January 1976, the foursome and classmate Suhas Chandak picked up Prakash under false pretence and took him to Jakkal's tin shed on Karve Road. They forced him to write a note to his father saying that he
14803-428: Was a major centre of resistance to British Raj, with people like Gopal Krishna Gokhale , Bal Gangadhar Tilak playing leading roles in struggle for Indian independence in their times. The earliest reference to Pune is an inscription on a Rashtrakuta Dynasty copper plate dated 937 CE, which refers to the town as Punya-Vishaya, meaning 'sacred news'. By the 13th century, it had come to be known as Punawadi. During
14934-526: Was a witness to the Hegde killing. The killers were apprehended on 30 March 1977. Shamrao G. Samant, a senior criminal lawyer who had conducted many successful prosecutions for the state government, was appointed special public prosecutor for the trial. The case began on 15 May 1978 in Pune district and lasted more than four months. On 28 September 1978, they were sentenced to death by Pune Sessions Court Judge Waman Narayan Bapat. Their sentences were confirmed by
15065-585: Was apparently considered important enough by the Adilshah to play a key role in the new regime's administration. His jagir was confirmed, continuing the region's connection with the Bhosale family. Shahaji second son, Shivaji (founder of the Maratha Empire), was born on the hill fort of Shivneri near Junnar on 19 February 1630. His mother was Jijabai , the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhavrao of Sindhkhed (a Mughal-allied sardar claiming descent from
15196-535: Was appointed Peshwa (prime minister) of the Maratha Empire by Shahu I , the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire . As the Peshwa, Bajirao moved his base from Saswad to Pune in 1728, marking the beginning of the transformation of what was a kasbah into a city. He also commissioned the construction of the Shaniwar Wada on the high grounds of right bank of the Mutha River . The construction
15327-443: Was assisted by police officers who manned the chavdi (police station), and clerks collected fines and paid informants who provided intelligence. Crimes included illicit affairs, violence and murder; in the case of murder, sometimes only a fine was imposed. Inter-caste or inter-religious affairs were also resolved with fines. Although the kotwal's salary was as high as 9,000 rupees per month, it included officer salaries (mainly from
15458-407: Was built on the Mutha River at Khadakwasla in 1878. At the time, the dam was considered one of the world's largest. Two canals were dug on each riverbank to irrigate land east of the city and supply drinking water to the city and its cantonment . In 1890 Poona Municipality spent Rs. 200,000 to install water filtration works. In the early part 20th century, hydroelectric plants were installed in
15589-549: Was captured and executed, at Aurangzeb's order, in the village of Tulapur at the confluence of the Bhima river and the Indrayani Rivers . The period following his 1689 death was one of political ferment in the Deccan Plateau, and the Pune region experienced major fluctuations in administrative authority. Shivaji's younger son, Rajaram I , ruled after his brother's death. He spent most of his time in Gingee , fighting
15720-538: Was captured by the Mughals. Nizamshahi minister Malik Ambar raised Murtaza Nizam Shah II to the throne, with its temporary headquarters at Junnar. For nearly a generation, Ambar guided the Nizamshahi kingdom and the Pune region benefited from his leadership. By his death in 1626, the region's revenue system was sound and fair. The Pune region was administered as a jagir during much of the 17th century by Maloji Bhosale, his son Shahaji and his grandson Shivaji . Its nominal sovereignty changed with shifting allegiances of
15851-513: Was completed in 1730, ushering in the era of Peshwa control of the city. Bajirao's son and successor, Nanasaheb constructed a lake at Katraj on the outskirts of the city and an underground aqueduct to bring water from the lake to Shaniwar Wada and the city. The aqueduct was still in working order in 2004. The patronage of the Maratha Peshwas resulted in a great expansion of Pune, with the construction of around 250 temples and bridges in
15982-451: Was completed in 1886, making the city a rail junction . The Bombay-Poona line was electrified in the 1920s; this cut travel time between the cities to three hours, enabling day trips for events such as the Poona races . Many villages in the west, east and south of the district, such as Lonavla , Uruli Kanchan and Daund , were connected by rail. Pune's first bus service began in 1941 with
16113-578: Was defined in 1967 covering the area under PMC, the Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation , the three cantonments, and the surrounding villages. In 1998 work on the six-lane Mumbai-Pune expressway began; it was completed in 2001. In 2008, the Commonwealth Youth Games took place in Pune, which encouraged development in the northwest region of the city. On 13 February 2010, a bomb exploded at
16244-511: Was developed in Pune under his patronage by Balambhat Deodhar. Many Peshwas and their courtiers were patrons of lavani and Maharashtrian dance, and a number of composers (such as Ram Joshi, Anant Phandi, Prabhakar and Honaji Bala ) flourished during this period. The dancers primarily came from the Mang and Mahar castes. Lavani used to be essential part of Holi celebrations in the region's Peshwa courts. Peshwa influence in India declined after
16375-558: Was exercised in the name of his son Madhavrao II by a regency council led by Nana Fadnavis for most of the century. Under Peshwa rule, the urban elite came from the Chitpavan Brahmin community; they were the military commanders, the bureaucrats and the bankers, and had ties to each other by marriage. Nanasaheb built a lake in Katraj , on the city's outskirts, and a still-operational underground aqueduct to bring water from
16506-515: Was formed on 31 March 2015 and is responsible for the integrated development of the PMR. Currently its jurisdiction extends over 7,256.46 km (2,802 sq mi) and includes two municipal corporations , three cantonment boards, seven municipal councils, 13 census towns and 842 villages. The PMC supplies the city with potable water that is sourced from the Khadakwasla Reservoir. There are five other reservoirs in
16637-469: Was known as Poona during British rule. Poona Municipality was established in 1858. A railway line from Bombay to the city opened in 1858, run by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR). Navi Peth , Ganj Peth (now renamed Mahatma Phule Peth ) were developed during the British Raj . Pune was prominently associated with the struggle for Indian independence . In the period between 1875 and 1910,
16768-535: Was leaving home. On the night of 16 January 1976, they gagged him, and took him to Peshwe Park, which is just meters from Hotel Vishwa. There they strangled him with a nylon rope, placed his body in an iron barrel, inserted some stones and dumped the barrel into the Park lake. The next day, they sent a ransom note to his father. The gang moved to the city of Kolhapur in August 1976, but were unsuccessful when they targeted
16899-466: Was occupied again by Marathas in June 1670, four months to the battle of Sinhagad and remained in the hands of Marathas. From 1703 to 1705, towards the end of the 27-year-long Mughal–Maratha Wars , the town was occupied by Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and its name was changed temporarily to Muhiyabad. This name was abandoned and reverted to its original name soon after Aurangzib's death. In 1720, Baji Rao I
17030-416: Was rural. There were 1,530 villages in the district. Its average rainfall is 600 to 700 millimetres (24 to 28 in), most of which falls during the monsoon months (July to October). The area adjacent to the Western Ghats gets more rain than areas further east. The Daund and Indapur talukas experience more-frequent droughts than Maval, on the district's western edge. Temperatures are moderate and rainfall
17161-483: Was taken to Jakkal's shed and strangled with a nylon rope. His body was tied to an iron ladder, weighed down with boulders and dumped into the Mula-Mutha River near Bund Garden. Assistant Commissioner of Police Madhusudan Hulyalkar led the investigation. On the evening of 24 March 1977, the body of Anil Gokhale surfaced near Yerwada . The police team, led by Police Inspector Manikrao Damame, noticed that
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