The Jerantut District is a district in north-eastern Pahang , Malaysia . Jerantut is home to the National Park .
101-660: Being the largest district in Pahang , it bounds the northern states of Kelantan and Terengganu , in the south, Temerloh District and Maran District , in the west, Lipis District and Raub District and in the east, Kuantan District . Tembeling River , the main river in this district is one way to the National Park and the surrounding villages in Ulu Tembeling , as well as national highway 1508 from Jerantut town. The confluence of Tembeling and Jelai rivers form
202-599: A diversity of animal and plant life, but sustains the livelihood of the Orang Asal , the aboriginal people inhabiting the wetlands. Most of the coastline is sandy, with rocky headlands at intervals. Mangroves and nipah swamps are confined to estuaries and do not occur along the exposed coast. These estuaries can be seasonally important to fishermen when rough weather prevents fishing at sea. There are limited areas of hard and soft coral offshore, which have been mapped together with coastal features. There are many islands off
303-589: A few confined to the north of the country or the west coast. There are a large number of montane species. Peaks within Taman Negara, Mount Benom , and peaks along the Titiwangsa Range , with different endemic species in each of these montane regions are located in Pahang. The large forest blocks of the west and northeast support nationally important populations of big mammals and other fauna, and act as
404-502: A hub for the east coast region of Peninsular Malaysia. Over the years, the state has attracted much investment, both local and foreign, in the mineral sector. Important mineral exports include iron ore, gold, tin and bauxite . Malaysia's substantial oil and natural gas fields lie offshore in the South China Sea. At one time, timber resources also brought much wealth to the state. Large-scale development projects have resulted in
505-610: A large proportion of which occurs during the northeast monsoon . Precipitation is the lowest in March, with an average of 22.25 mm. In October and November, the precipitation reaches its peak, with an average of 393 mm. The hottest month in Pahang is May when the average maximum temperature is 33°, average temperature is 28° and average minimum temperature is 24°. At highland areas, the temperature can vary from 23 °C (73 °F) during daytime to 16 °C (61 °F) during night time. Pahang experiences two monsoon seasons:
606-428: A northeast monsoon and a southwest monsoon. The tropical storms of the northeast monsoon wash ashore from the end of October until the beginning of March ever year, bringing heavy rainfall, powerful currents and unpredictable tempest of the monsoon season coming in from the South China Sea. The southwest monsoon, which occurs beginning March every year, brings somewhat less rainfall, with sunny and tropical weather up until
707-749: A part of the hereditary domains attached to this title and administered directly by the raja bendahara. The weakening of the Johor Sultanate and the disputed succession to the throne was coupled with the increasing independence of the Bendahara in Pahang, the Temenggong in Johor and Singapore, and the Yamtuan Muda in Riau. In 1853, the fourth raja bendahara Tun Ali , renounced his allegiance to
808-538: A series development initiatives and programs, the most recent is the East Coast Economic Region introduced in 2007, is also credited for the robust economic growth in recent years. With GDP growing an average 5.6 per cent annually from 1971 to 2000, Pahang is considered a developing state. In 2015, the state economy grew by 4.5%, the tenth highest among 15 states and federal territories of Malaysia, but later reduced to 2% in 2016. The GDP per capita
909-421: A unit with Taman Negara. The Pahang River is the longest river on the peninsula, and from its headwaters to the estuary it includes virtually all of the natural river types. These range from montane streams, saraca streams and neram rivers to rasau and nipah tidal reaches. Water catchments have been defined as covering 81% of the state and more than half of this is forested. The huge network of rivers in Pahang
1010-697: Is Genting , Gebeng , Jelai and Muadzam Shah . For each district, the state government appoints a district officer who heads lands and district office. An administrative district can be distinguished from a local government area where the former deals with land administration and revenue while the latter deals with the planning and delivery of basic infrastructure to its inhabitants. Administrative district boundaries are usually coextensive with local government area boundaries but may sometimes differ especially in urbanised areas. Local governments in Pahang consist of 3 municipal councils and 8 district councils. The administrative divisions in Pahang are originated from
1111-585: Is 2,187 metres (7,175 ft) high. Although two thirds of the state is covered by dense rain forest, its central plains are intersected by numerous rivers, and along the coast there is a 32-kilometre (20 mi) wide expanse of alluvial soil that includes the deltas and estuarine plains of the Kuantan , Pahang, Rompin , Endau , and Mersing Rivers. The state is divided into 11 districts ( daerah ) – Pekan, Rompin, Maran, Temerloh, Jerantut, Bentong, Raub, Lipis, Cameron Highlands and Bera. The largest district
SECTION 10
#17327902093921212-761: Is Jerantut, which is the main gateway to the Taman Negara national park. Pahang's capital and largest city, Kuantan , is the eighth largest urban area by population in Malaysia. The royal capital and the official seat of the Sultan of Pahang is located at Pekan . Pekan was also the old state capital and its name translates literally into 'the town', it was known historically as ' Inderapura '. Other major towns include Temerloh , Raub , Bentong , Jerantut , Kuala Lipis and its hill resorts of Genting Highlands , Bukit Tinggi , and Cameron Highlands . The head of state
1313-465: Is a constitutional monarchy . The constitutional head is the Sultan , who is described as "the fountain head of justice and of all authority of government" in the state. He who is vested with the power as a monarch of the state, is also the Head of Islam and the source of all titles and dignities, honours and awards. The current Sultan belong to the male line of the Bendahara dynasty who have been ruling
1414-603: Is a sultanate and a federal state of Malaysia . It is the third largest state in the country and the largest state in Peninsular Malaysia , and the ninth most populous. The state occupies the basin of the Pahang River , and a stretch of the east coast as far south as Endau . The state borders the Malaysian states of Kelantan and Terengganu to the north, Perak , Selangor and Negeri Sembilan to
1515-415: Is also etymologically linked to tin). This lexemic starting point can be used to explain other derivatives terms such as the Pahang River , Mahang the place (name given to Pahang by Jakuns ), Mahang the tree ( Macaranga , a common tree species in secondary forests, likely named after the toponym of the same phoneme). The Proto-Malays of Sungai Bebar who interacted with Trito-Malays likely acquired
1616-528: Is also the highest point in Peninsular Malaysia. The climate is temperate enough to have distinct temperature variations year round, and much of the highlands are covered with tropical rainforest . Pahang is home to two of Malaysia's national parks , Taman Negara and Endau-Rompin , both located in the north and south of the state respectively. These large primary rainforests are extensive, and are home to many rare or endangered animals, such as
1717-430: Is home to freshwater aquatic biodiversity, important to the economy of the state. Connecting to this riverine systems are a number of natural freshwater lakes, most notably Bera and Chini lakes. Surrounded by a patchwork of dry lowland dipterocarp forests, the lake environment stretches its tentacles into islands of peat swamp forests. Rich in wildlife and vegetation, the lakes provide an ecosystem which supports not only
1818-526: Is mostly located on ancient, sedimentary rocks and the oldest part of the continent, it features mostly gentle rolling hills where about 57% of the total land area of the park are located below 300m above sea level due to a long time erosion. Despite that, it also features some mountainous parts of the Tahan Range , a subrange of the Tenasserim Hills . The Tahan Range is home to Mount Tahan ,
1919-568: Is one of the world's oldest rainforests , estimated to be more than 130 million years old. Mount Tahan , Peninsular Malaysia's highest point, is within the park's boundaries. Taman Negara is an important conservation area for the Peninsular Malaysian rain forest and montane rain forest ecoregions, is rich in biodiversity and home to several endangered species such as the Malayan tiger and Asian elephant . The park exists on
2020-459: Is recorded at $ 7,629.39 in 2016, while the unemployment rate was maintained below 3% from 2010 to 2016. The economy of Pahang in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) in 2016 was $ 12.414 billion, the eight largest in Malaysia. The amount constitutes 4.5% contribution to the national GDP, and largely driven by three main economic activities; Services (49%), Agriculture (23%), and Manufacturing (22.1%). Historically, by
2121-608: Is subjected to Malaysia's legal system which is based on English Common Law . The highest court in the judicial system is the Federal Court , followed by the Court of Appeal and the High Court of Malaya . Malaysia also has a special court to hear cases brought by or against royalty. The death penalty is in use for serious crimes such as murder, terrorism, drug trafficking, and kidnapping. Separate from and running parallel to
SECTION 20
#17327902093922222-563: Is subordinated to a Penghulu , the head of the mukim , who in turn subordinated to the district officer . Pahang GDP share by sector (2016) As a federal state of Malaysia, Pahang is a relatively open state-oriented market economy . The Pahang State Government Development Corporation, established in 1965, carries the responsibility to drive the economic and social development, by attracting investments, promoting industrial, property and entrepreneurial development, and setting up new commercial hubs and townships. The federal government, through
2323-645: Is the Sultan of Pahang , while the head of government is the Menteri Besar . The government system is closely modeled on the Westminster parliamentary system . The state religion of Pahang is Islam , but allows other religions in its territory. Archaeological evidence shows that humans have inhabited the area that is now Pahang since as early as the Paleolithic age. The early settlements gradually developed into an ancient maritime trading state by
2424-470: Is the third largest state in Malaysia after Sabah and Sarawak , and the largest in Peninsular Malaysia . Geographically diverse, Pahang occupies the vast Pahang River basin, which is enclosed by the Titiwangsa Range to the west and the eastern highlands to the north. Although about two thirds of the state is dense jungle, its central plains are intersected by numerous rivers, joining to form
2525-522: Is unmistakably /paahaŋ/, note that the long ā sound is not explicitly rendered or stressed in old Jawi, just like ڤد). Since the tin mines at Sungai Lembing had been known since ancient times and that the Malay Peninsula was within the sphere of influence of Khmer civilization, William Linehan hypothesized that the name of the state was named after the Khmer word for tin (note that tin-rich Perak
2626-623: The Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat) List of Jerantut district representatives in the State Legislative Assembly (Dewan Undangan Negeri) Jerantut District is divided into 10 mukims , which are: The following is based on Department of Statistics Malaysia 2010 census. Jerantut is a popular gateway to Taman Negara , the first national park in Malaysia and one of the world's oldest rainforest. As
2727-783: The Federated Malay States , a protectorate of the British Empire . This had effectively reduced the Sultan's powers and authority, as did the creation of Federal Council in 1909. The executive and legislative functions of the State Council became increasingly nominal. Like other Malay States , Pahang suffered during the Japanese occupation of Malaya until 1945. During the Japanese Occupation,
2828-579: The Krau Wildlife Reserve , Bera Lake Ramsar Site , Tioman Island Marine Park and Cameron Highlands Wildlife Sanctuary . Total forest in Pahang is about 2,367,000 ha (66% of the land area), of which 89% is a dryland forest, 10% peat swamp forest, and 1% mangroves . About 56% of the total forest is within the Permanent Forest Estate. This includes almost the full range of forest types found in Malaysia, although some of
2929-530: The Liu Song court in 449–450. In 456–457, another envoy of the same country arrived at the Chinese capital, Jiankang . This ancient Pahang is believed to had been established later as a mueang to the mandala of Langkasuka - Kedah centred in modern-day Patani region that rose to prominence with the regression of Funan from the 6th century. By the beginning of the 8th century, Langkasuka-Kedah came under
3030-460: The Malay Peninsula and its peripheries are recognised by historians as the cradle of Malayic civilisations. Primordial Malayic kingdoms are described as tributaries to Funan by the 2nd century Chinese sources. Ancient settlements in Pahang can be traced from Tembeling to as far south as Merchong. Their tracks can also be found in the deep hinterland of Jelai, along the Chini Lake , and up to
3131-630: The Malaysian mahseer ( ikan kelah in Malay), a type of game fish. Species found in the park include 10,000 plants, 150,000 of insects, 25,000 invertebrates, 675 birds, 270 reptiles, 250 freshwater fish and 200 mammals at the national park, including some of which are rare or indigenous to Malaysia. Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM)'s KTM Intercity and Express trains stop at Jerantut railway station . Visitors to Taman Negara can disembark here. Local tour operators arrange transportation from Kuala Lumpur to
Jerantut District - Misplaced Pages Continue
3232-667: The Orang Besar Berlapan ('eight chiefs') and then Orang Besar Enam Belas ('sixteen chiefs') who were subordinated to their respective principal nobles. The lowest of this traditional hierarchy are the Tok Empat or village headmen who were subordinated to Tok Mukim , who in turn subordinated to Tok Penghulu , who in turn subordinated to one of the sixteen chiefs. In modern times, the Tok Empat became formally known as Ketua Kampung (literally 'village headman'), although continued to be referred as such informally. He
3333-608: The Pahang River where it flows right through central Pahang before emptying into the South China Sea near the royal town Pekan . During colonial rule, Jerantut was part of Lipis District . In 1951 it was made an autonomous subdistrict (daerah kecil), with an Assistant Officer seconded from the Kuala Lipis district office. Jerantut was made a district in its own right in 1959, but it wasn't represented in parliament until 1974 . Jerantut district representative in
3434-599: The Pattani Sultanate to the north and the Johor Sultanate to the south. To the west, its jurisdiction extended over parts of modern-day Selangor and Negeri Sembilan . The sultanate has its origin as a vassal to the Malacca Sultanate , with its first sultan, Muhammad Shah having been a Malaccan prince, and was the grandson of Dewa Sura , the last pre-Malaccan ruler of Pahang . Over
3535-496: The Terengganu River flows eastward toward Kenyir Lake and is one of the primary inflow for the lake; and Tembeling River is one of the tributaries of the Pahang River , flowing southward towards the central valley of Pahang. These rivers ultimately discharge into the South China Sea . The park has been developed into an ecotourism destination in Malaysia. There are several geological and biological attractions in
3636-523: The tapir , mouse-deer , tigers, elephants and leopards . Ferns are also extremely common, mainly due to the high humidity and fog that permeates the area. Popular hill resorts located along these main highland areas are Cameron Highlands , Genting Highlands , Fraser's Hill and Bukit Tinggi . The Cameron Highlands is home to extensive tea plantations and also a major supplier of legumes and vegetables to both Malaysia and Singapore. The largest of Felda 's palm oil plantations in Malaysia are located in
3737-525: The 19th century, Pahang's economy, like in ancient times, was still heavily dependent on the export of gold. Gold mines can be found from Bera to Jelai River river basin. Systematic mining started in 1889 during British protectorate, when the Raub Australian Gold mine was established. Extensive underground mining took place in the area and this continued until 1985 during which time the mine at Raub produced nearly 1 million ounces, 85% of
3838-583: The 3rd century. In the 5th century, the Old Pahang Kingdom sent envoys to the Liu Song court. During the time of Langkasuka , Srivijaya and Ligor , Pahang was one of the outlying dependencies . In the 15th century, the Pahang Sultanate became an autonomous kingdom within the Malacca Sultanate . Pahang entered into a dynastic union with the Johor Sultanate in the early 17th century and later emerged as an autonomous kingdom in
3939-687: The Askar Wataniah, the troops paraded through Pekan and submitted to a royal inspection, after which they were honoured at the Sa'adah Palace with what has been called 'the first ronggeng of the liberation'. During his reign, Sultan Abu Bakar revived the office of State Mufti and established the Pahang Islamic and Malay Customs Council. The state's administrative capital, which was established in Kuala Lipis during British intervention,
4040-809: The Dutch presence in the Strait of Malacca . Nevertheless, in 1607, Pahang not only tolerated the Dutch , but, following a visit by Admiral Matelief de Jonge , even cooperated with them in an attempt to get rid of the Portuguese. The Sultan tried to reforge the Johor-Pahang alliance to assist the Dutch. However, a quarrel which erupted between Sultan Abdul Ghafur and Alauddin Riayat Shah III of Johor , resulted in Johor declaring war on Pahang in 1612. With
4141-677: The Indian King Murunda sailed from Kiu-Li's port (between 240 and 245 CE). Murunda presented to the Funanese King Fan Chang four horses from the Yuezhi ( Kushan ) stud farms. By the middle of the 5th century, a polity suggested to be ancient Pahang, was described in the Book of Song as Pohuang or Panhuang (婆皇). The king of Pohuang, She-li Po-luo-ba-mo ('Sri Bhadravarman'), was recorded to have sent an envoy to
Jerantut District - Misplaced Pages Continue
4242-699: The Jengka Triangle centred around the Bandar Tun Razak in Maran district. Pahang's long, coastline has sandy beaches like Cherating , Teluk Cempedak , Beserah , Batu Hitam and Tanjung Sepat . Also located along the coastal plain, is a 32 km (12 sq mi) wide expanse of alluvial soil that includes the deltas and estuarine plains of the Kuantan, Pahang, Rompin, Endau, and Mersing Rivers. Important economic centres can be found along
4343-432: The Malaysia's estimated 109.1 million tonnes of bauxite reserves. Mining of the ore, used to make aluminium, surged in 2015 after neighbouring Indonesia prohibited the raw material from being sold overseas. China, instead, bought almost 21 million tonnes from Malaysia, valued at US$ 955.3 million. Pahang iron ore production is concentrated at small-scale mines scattered across the state. The low grade iron ores were consumed by
4444-839: The Mentri Besar and the rest of the council from the members of the State Assembly. The Mentri Besar is both the head of the Executive Council and the head of the State Government. The incumbent, Dato' Seri Wan Rosdy Wan Ismail from the United Malays National Organisation , a major component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, appointed in 2018, is the 15th Mentri Besar. As a federal state, Pahang
4545-662: The Orang Kaya Imam Perang Indera Gajah of Pulau Tawar, led a revolt against the British encroachment. Sultan Ahmad appeared to be co-operating with the British, but he was known to be sympathetic to the dissidents. By 1895 the revolt was suppressed by the British and many of the dissidents surrendered. In July 1895, Sultan Ahmad signed the Federation Agreement, which made Pahang, along with Perak , Selangor and Negeri Sembilan , one of
4646-559: The Pahang River which dominates the drainage system. Pahang is divided into three ecoregions , the freshwater systems, the lowlands and highlands rainforests and the coastline. The Pahang River basin connects with Malaysia's two largest natural freshwater lakes, Bera and Chini . Described as wetland of international importance, Bera Lake was accepted as Malaysia's first Ramsar site in 1994. The highest peak, Mount Tahan , reaches 2,187 m (7,175 ft) in elevation, which
4747-742: The Qing period, Pahang was transliterated as 邦項 (Pang-hang). Arabs and Europeans , transliterated Pahang to Pam, Pan, Paam, Paon, Phaan, Phang, Paham, Pahan, Pahaun, Phaung, Phahangh. [REDACTED] Old Pahang 5–15th century [REDACTED] Pahang Sultanate 1470–1623 [REDACTED] Old Johor Sultanate 1623–1770 [REDACTED] Pahang Kingdom 1770–1881 [REDACTED] Federated Malay States 1895–1941 [REDACTED] Empire of Japan 1942–1945 [REDACTED] Malayan Union 1946–1948 [REDACTED] Federation of Malaya 1948–1963 [REDACTED] Malaysia 1963–present Archaeological evidence shows that humans have inhabited
4848-434: The Sultan as the head of Islam and Malay customs in the state. State council known as Majlis Ugama Islam dan Adat Resam Melayu Pahang ('Council of Islam and Malay Customs of Pahang') is responsible in advising the ruler as well as regulating both Islamic affairs and adat . Pahang is divided into 11 administrative districts, which in turn is divided into 66 mukims . Currently, there are also 4 subdistricts in Pahang, which
4949-532: The Sultan of Johor and became the independent ruler of Pahang. He was able to maintain peace and stability during his reign. After his death in 1857 his younger son Wan Ahmad challenged the succession of his half-brother Tun Mutahir , in a dispute that escalated into a civil war . Supported by the neighbouring Terengganu Sultanate and the Siamese, Wan Ahmad emerged victorious, establishing control over important towns and expelled his brother in 1863. He served as
5050-592: The aid of Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar of Brunei , Pahang eventually defeated Johor in 1613. Sultan Abdul Ghafur's son, Alauddin Riyat Shah ascended to the throne in 1614. In 1615, the Acehnese under Iskandar Muda invaded Pahang, forcing Alauddin Riayat Shah to retreat into the interior. He nevertheless continued to exercise some ruling powers. His reign in exile is considered to have officially ended after
5151-591: The area that is now Pahang since as early as the Paleolithic . Relics of a of Mesolithic civilisation that used using paleolithic implements have been found at Gunung Senyum. Chipped Paleolithic artefacts without traces of polishing have been discovered at Sungai Lembing , Kuantan , from the remains of a 6,000 years old civilisation. Traces of Hoabinhian culture are represented by a number of limestone cave sites. Late Neolithic relics are abundant, including polished tools, quoit discs, stone ear pendants, stone bracelets and cross-hatched bark pounders. By around 400 BCE,
SECTION 50
#17327902093925252-872: The civil courts, are the Syariah Court , which apply Sharia law to Muslims in the areas of family law and religious observances. As provided in Article 3 of the Federal Constitution , Syariah or Islamic law is a matter of state law, passed in the State Legislative Assembly. Matters related to the enforcement of the Syariah law falls under the jurisdiction of the Jabatan Agama Islam Pahang ('Pahang Islamic Religious Department'). Pahang's constitution empowers
5353-459: The clearing of hundreds of square miles of land for oil palm and rubber plantations and the resettling of several hundred thousand people in new villages under federal agencies and institutions like FELDA , FELCRA and RISDA . The Khmer word for tin is pāhang (ប៉ាហាំង) and it is phonetically identical to ڤهڠ (note that the Jawi spelling, literally, "phŋ", deviates from modern Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka rules although its sound
5454-509: The coastline, where both capital and royal capital of the state, Kuantan and Pekan , are located. About 58 km off the coast of Pahang lies Tioman Island , in the South China Sea, acclaimed as one of the best island getaways in the world. Pahang has a tropical geography with an equatorial climate and a year-round of humidity of no less than 75%. It is warm and humid throughout the year with temperatures ranging from 21 °C to 33 °C. The rainfall here averages 200 mm monthly,
5555-420: The country as tribute. In 1411, during the reign of Maharaja Pa-la-mi-so-la-ta-lo-si-ni (transliterated by historian as 'Parameswara Teluk Chini'), he also sent envoys carrying tribute. The Old Pahang Sultanate centred in modern-day Pekan was established in the 15th century. At the height of its influence, the sultanate was an important power in Southeast Asia and controlled the entire Pahang basin, bordering
5656-566: The development of bronze casting led to the flourishing of the Đông Sơn culture , notably for its elaborate bronze war drums . The early iron civilisation in Pahang that began around the beginning of Common Era is associated by prehistorians with the late neolithic culture. Relics from this era, found along the rivers are particularly numerous in the Tembeling Valley, which served as the old main northern highway of communication. Ancient gold workings in Pahang are thought to date back to this early Iron Age as well. The Kra Isthmus region of
5757-412: The east coast, the largest being Tioman and Seri Buat islands. Besides the island populations of fauna and flora, which sometimes differ genetically from mainland forms of the same species, these islands are of value for the reefs and other bottom features which support marine biological diversity. The reefs in particular are sensitive to sedimentation from activities on land. These features are related to
5858-555: The end of October. Malaysia, as a nation, is considered one of the most biodiverse on earth. Pahang maintains a protected network of managed areas rich in flora, fauna, and natural resources, in spite of deforestation , rapid industrialisation and an ever-growing population. In Pahang, there are some 74 forest reserves, including ten virgin-jungle reserves and 13 different amenity forests, wildlife reserves , national parks and offshore marine parks . There are many examples of nationally- and internationally-relevant areas, including
5959-416: The end of the 19th century. Thousands of people were at work in the mines which places had, in consequence, become an important trading centres in the state. Once an important industry, the mining industry along with quarrying , now accounts only 1.6% of the total state GDP in 2016. Modern mining industry also include other minerals, in particular iron ore and bauxite . Pahang accounts for more than 70% of
6060-452: The entrance of the Park at Kuala Tahan. This may involve a 3-4 hour bus journey to Jerantut and Kuala Tembeling Jetty followed by a 2.5 hour river boat ride to Kuala Tahan. Entrance permits and park tours are often included in the package. From Kuala Lumpur , buses may depart from Terminal Bersepadu Selatan and Hentian Pekeliling going to the nearest town, Jerantut . From here travel to Kuala Tembeling Jetty and Kuala Tahan. Taman Negara
6161-409: The face of superior Portuguese arms and vessels, the Pahang and Johor forces were forced to retreat on both occasions. During the reign of Sultan Abdul Kadir , Pahang enjoyed a brief period of cordial relations with the Portuguese. However, this relationship was discontinued by his successor, Sultan Ahmad II . The next ruler, Sultan Abdul Ghafur attacked the Portuguese and simultaneously challenged
SECTION 60
#17327902093926262-402: The federal election, held at least once every five years, the most recent of which took place in May 2018 . Registered voters of age 21 and above may vote for the members for the state legislative chamber. Executive power is vested in the State Executive Council as per 1959 constitution. It consists of the Mentri Besar, who is its chairman, and 13 other members. The Sultan of Pahang appoints
6363-401: The forestry remains the main sub-sector with tropical timber is an important produce, as large swaths of forest supported massive production of wood products. Yet a decline in mature trees due to intensive harvesting lately has caused a slowdown and the practice of more sustainable forestry . Fishery and aquaculture products are also a main source of income especially for the communities on
6464-488: The head-waters of the Rompin . One such settlement was identified as Koli in Geographia or Kiu-Li , centred on the estuary of Pahang River south of Langkasuka , that flourished in the 3rd century CE. It possessed an important international port, where many foreign ships stopped to barter and resupply. In common with most of the states in the Malay Peninsula during that time, Kiu-Li was in contact with Funan . The Chinese records mention that an embassy sent to Funan by
6565-451: The hierarchy were the Orang Besar Berlapan ('eight chiefs') and Orang Besar Enam Belas ('sixteen chiefs') who were subordinated to the principal nobles. The Sultan headed two institutions, the State Legislative Assembly and State Executive Council . The legislative branch of the state is the unicameral Dewan Undangan Negeri ('State Legislative Assembly') whose 42 members are elected from single-member constituencies. The assembly has
6666-433: The highest and most prominent point in Peninsular Malaysia at about 2,187m above sea level. The park acts as an important headwater for the states of Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. There are three main river systems that originated from The park, which are the Lebir, Terengganu and Tembeling Rivers . The Lebir is one of the tributaries of the Kelantan River , flowing northward passing through Kelantan Delta , while
6767-456: The installation of a distant relative, Raja Bujang to the Pahangese throne in 1615, with the support of the Portuguese following a pact between the Portuguese and Sultan of Johor. Raja Bujang who reigned as Abdul Jalil Shah was eventually deposed in the Acehnese invasion in 1617, but restored to the Pahangese throne and also installed as the new Sultan of Johor following the death of his uncle, Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah in 1623. This event led to
6868-427: The intervention, Sultan Ahmad became a Ruler-in-Council and acted in accordance with the advice of the British Resident and the State Council, except in matters pertaining Islam and Malay customs. Taxes were to be collected in the name of the sultan by the Resident, with the assistance of European officers. Between 1890 and 1895, Dato' Bahaman , the Orang Kaya Setia Perkasa Pahlawan of Semantan, and Imam Perang Rasu ,
6969-513: The last raja bendahara, and was proclaimed Sultan of Pahang by his chiefs in 1881. Due to internal strife within Pahang, the British pressured Sultan Ahmad to agree to the presence of a British adviser. Aided by Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor and William Fraser of the Pahang Mining Company, they succeeded in convincing Sultan Ahmad to accept a British agent, Hugh Clifford , in December 1887. In October 1888, Sultan Ahmad reluctantly accepted John Pickersgill Rodger as Pahang's first Resident. Following
7070-415: The late 18th century. Following the bloody Pahang Civil War that concluded in 1863, the state under Tun Ahmad of the Bendahara dynasty , was eventually restored as a sultanate in 1881. In 1895, Pahang became a British protectorate along with Perak, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. During the World War II , Pahang and other states of Malaya were occupied by the Empire of Japan from 1941 to 1945. After
7171-418: The long coastline and large network of rivers of the state. Today, agriculture is the second largest component of the state economy which constitutes 23% of the total state GDP. It contributes approximately 12.3% of the federal GDP, the fourth largest after Sarawak, Sabah and Johor. Under East Coast Economic Region (ECER) masterplan, introduced in 2007, the agro-businesses in the state is set to move up further
7272-637: The maintenance of marine fisheries, an important sector of the coastal economy. Tioman, Chebeh, Tulai, Sembilang and Seri Buat islands constitute the Tioman group of islands within the Marine Parks system of Peninsular Malaysia. The modern constitution of Pahang, the Undang-Undang Tubuh Kerajaan Pahang , was first drafted on 1 February 1948. It was formally adopted on 25 February 1959. The constitution proclaims that Pahang
7373-547: The military and political hegemony of Srivijaya . In the 11th century, the power vacuum left by the collapse of Srivijaya was filled by the Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom , commonly known in Malay tradition as 'Ligor'. During this period, Pahang, designated as Muaeng Pahang was established as one of the twelve naksat city states of Ligor. In the 14th century, Pahang began consolidating its influence in
7474-520: The more unique environments (such as heath forest or forest on ultrabasic rocks) exist only in fragmented areas of Pahang. The protected forest within Taman Negara and Krau Wildlife Reserve includes small areas of extreme lowland alluvial plains . Elsewhere, most of the dryland forest in Pahang is on steep slopes, therefore benefiting from both catchment protection and slope protection functions. Virtually every species of bird and mammal found in Peninsular Malaysia has been recorded in Pahang, other than
7575-522: The most remote district in Malay Peninsula , the district solely depending on Taman Negara ecotourism to thrive on. Another side quests besides Taman Negara include: Pahang Pahang ( Malay pronunciation: [paˈhaŋ] ; Pahang Hulu Malay: Paha , Pahang Hilir Malay: Pahaeng , Ulu Tembeling Malay: Pahaq ), officially Pahang Darul Makmur with the Arabic honorific Darul Makmur (Jawi: دار المعمور , "The Abode of Tranquility")
7676-442: The park. Taman Negara is home to some rare mammals , such as the Malayan tiger , Malayan gaur ( seladang ) and Asian elephant . Additionally, some biologists also believe that a small population of Northern Sumatran Rhinoceros live in the park. As well as birds such as the great argus , red junglefowl , and the rare Malayan peacock-pheasant are still found here in some numbers. Tahan River has been preserved to protect
7777-494: The park. Gunung Tahan is the highest point of the Malay Peninsula ; climbers can use Kuala Tahan or Merapoh as their departure point. All visitors to the park must obtain permits from the Department of Wildlife and National Parks . Taman Negara is part of the traditional territory of several groups of Orang Asli , the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia. In particular, several groups of Batek people still live on
7878-496: The past. With extensive support by the federal agencies and institutions like FELDA , FELCRA and RISDA, the agricultural sector was rapidly expanding, with the inclusion of products like rubber and palm oil as the main agricultural produce, The state is home to the largest FELDA settlement known as 'Jengka Triangle' centred in Bandar Tun Razak , Maran District . Pahang was historically a primary exporter of forestry products like sandalwood , damar and rattans . In modern times,
7979-469: The peninsula including Temasek . The Majapahit chronicle, Nagarakretagama even used the name Pahang to designate the Malay Peninsula , an indication of the importance of this kingdom. The History of Ming records several envoy missions from Pahang to the Ming court in the 14th and 15th centuries. In 1378, Maharaja Tajau sent envoys with a letter on a gold leaf and sent six foreign slaves and products of
8080-422: The periphery of the park. The park legislation recognises use-rights of Orang Asli within Taman Negara (e.g. section 15(c), Pahang En. 2/1939). In this regard, six "aboriginal tribes" are listed (Ple, Temiar , Ple-Temiar, Senoi , Semang , and Pangan). Taman Negara features a largely virgin , lowland dipterocarp rainforest as well as Peninsular Malaysian montane rain forests on the higher elevation parts of
8181-467: The pipe-coating industry that supplied the oil and gas sector and cement plants, while the high grades were exported. The services sector, which constitutes 49% of the total Pahang GDP, is predominantly stimulated by the Wholesale and Retail Trade, Food and Beverage and Accommodation, which amounts to $ 1.8 billion in 2016. This sub sector, on the other hand, is the main driving factor for the growth of
8282-476: The power to enact the state laws. State government is led by a Menteri Besar , who is a member of the State Legislative Assembly from the majority party. According to the constitution of Pahang, the Menteri Besar is required to be a Malay and a Muslim, appointed by the ruler from the party that commands the majority of the State Legislative Assembly. By convention, state elections are held concurrently with
8383-438: The production of Peninsular Malaysia. Another important article of export was tin, which was also mined in a large scale. The tin ore production was primarily concentrated at Sungai Lembing , where during its heyday, the operations saw the excavation of deep shaft mines that were among the largest, longest and deepest in the world. The growth of the mining industry had a significant impact on Pahang's society and economy towards
8484-538: The reigning Sultan Abu Bakar opened a large potato plantation behind the Terentang Palace to help ease the food shortage and he personally approved proposals to form the Askar Wataniah , an underground Malay resistance force. The Sultan spent the final days of the occupation in a jungle hideout with members of Force 136 , resistance fighters and refugees. In late 1945, to mark the decommissioning of
8585-575: The river views along the Tahan River , with many local resorts and hotels for visitors located nearby. The park encompasses three states, Pahang , Kelantan and Terengganu , each with its own legislation. The Taman Negara Enactment (Pahang) No. 2 of 1939 is enforced in the state of Pahang, the Taman Negara Enactment (Kelantan) No. 14 of 1938 in the state of Kelantan and the Taman Negara Enactment (Terengganu) No. 6 of 1939 in
8686-465: The southern part of the Malay Peninsula. The kingdom, described by Portuguese historian, Manuel Godinho de Erédia as Pam , was one of the two kingdoms of Malayos in the peninsula, in succession to Pattani , that flourished before the establishment of the Malacca Sultanate . The Maharaja of Pahang, was also the overlord of countries of Ujong Tanah ('land's end'), on the southern part of
8787-645: The state of Terengganu. The enactments have similar contents. Taman Negara Pahang is the largest at 2,477 km , followed by Taman Negara Kelantan at 1,043 km and Taman Negara Terengganu at 853 km . At an estimated age of more than 130 million years old, it is reputed to be the "oldest tropical rainforest", although the title more accurately belongs to the Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia, estimated to be between 135 million years old and 180 million years old. Taman Negara
8888-421: The state since the 17th century. Since 2019, the reigning monarch has been Abdullah . He was proclaimed as Sultan on 15 January 2019, succeeding his father, Ahmad Shah , whose abdication was decided at a Royal Council meeting on 11 January. On 24 January 2019, days after his accession to the throne of Pahang, he was elected as the 16th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, succeeding Muhammad V who abdicated from
8989-538: The term from their city counterparts. The theories that the state was named after the river or tree are unsatisfactory as they do not explain how the river or the tree got their names. There were many variations of the name Pahang outside the Malay world . For examples, Song dynasty author Zhao Rukuo 趙汝适 wrote in Zhufanzhi 諸蕃志 (circa 1225) that Phong-hong (蓬豐 romanized according to Southern Min dialect since Zhao
9090-567: The throne on 6 January. Succession order to the throne of Pahang is generally determined roughly by agnatic primogeniture . No female may become ruler, and female line descendants are generally excluded from succession. In Pahang traditional political structure, the offices of Orang Besar Berempat ('four major chiefs') are the most important positions after the Sultan himself. The four hereditary territorial magnates are; Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan , Orang Kaya Indera Perba Jelai , Orang Kaya Indera Segara and Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar . Next in
9191-414: The time of the old Pahang Sultanate , whereby territorial magnates appointed by the Sultan to administer the historical divisions of the state. The largest historical divisions were; Jelai (corresponds to modern day Lipis District ), Temerloh , Chenor (corresponds to modern day Maran District ) and Pekan , each administered by the four major chiefs ( Orang Besar Berempat ). Next in the hierarchy were
9292-430: The tourism industry. With its richness in biodiversity, Pahang is offering ecotourism to its hill resorts, beaches and national parks. In 2014, the state attracted 9.4 million visitors, and the figure grew to 12 million in 2016. The agricultural sector is another key economic sector of the state. Historically an agrarian economy , Pahang's agriculture was dominated by the production of vegetables, rice, yams and tubers in
9393-663: The traditional lands of several Orang Asli groups, such as the Batek people , whose use rights are recognised in the park's legislation. A popular tourist attraction , the park is found near Kuala Tahan (where the Park headquarters for Pahang is located) and features a canopy walkway , the Gua Telinga cave system, and the Lata Berkoh rapids. Visitors can experience the tropical rainforest, birdwatching , jungle trekking , and
9494-485: The union of the crown of Pahang and Johor, and the formal establishment of the Johor Empire . The modern Pahang kingdom came into existence with the consolidation of power by the Bendahara family in Pahang, following the gradual disintegration of Johor Empire . Self-rule was established in Pahang in the late 18th century, with Tun Abdul Majid declared as the first raja bendahara . The area around Pahang formed
9595-497: The value chain, with the introduction of agricultural initiatives like Nucleus Cattle Breeding and Research Centre at Muadzam Shah, Rompin Integrated Pineapple Plantation, Kuantan-Maran Agrovalley for leafy vegetables and maize, as well as Pekan-Rompin-Mersing Agrovalley for watermelon, vegetables, roselle, and maize. Taman Negara Taman Negara is a national park in Peninsular Malaysia . It
9696-548: The war, Pahang became part of the Malayan Union before being absorbed into the Federation of Malaya which gained full independence from the British. Modern Pahang is an economically important state with main activities in the services, manufacturing and agricultural sectors. As part of the East Coast Economic Region , it is a key region for the manufacturing sector, with the local logistics support network serving as
9797-545: The west and Johor to the south, with the South China Sea is to the east. Pahang is separated from the west coast states by the Titiwangsa Mountains that forms a natural divider between the peninsula's east and west coasts from north to south, and from Terengganu in the east by the Pantai Timur Range . The state's highest elevation culminates at Mount Tahan in the eponymous Tahan Range , which
9898-518: The years, Pahang grew independent from Malaccan control and at one point even established itself as a rival to Malacca until the latter's demise in 1511 . In 1528, the last Sultan of Malacca, Mahmud Shah died. Pahang joined forces with his successor, Alauddin Riayat Shah II who established himself in Johor to expel the Portuguese from the Malay Peninsula. Two attempts were made in 1547 at Muar and in 1551 at Portuguese Malacca . However, in
9999-460: Was established in 1938 and 1939 as the King George V National Park after Theodore Hubback lobbied the sultans of Pahang , Terengganu and Kelantan to set aside a piece of land that covers the three states for the creation of a protected area . After independence, it was renamed Taman Negara, which means "national park" in Malay . Taman Negara has a total area of 4,343 km and it
10100-756: Was from Quanzhou) was a dependency of Srivijaya . The transition from Inderapura to Pahang, approximately around the Song period indicates that Khmer influence on the state was weakened and displaced by that of Srivijaya and Majapahit . During the Yuan dynasty , Pahang was known as Phenn-Khenn 彭坑 in Daoyi Zhilue 島夷志略 (circa 1349), and in Ming Shilu 明實錄 (circa 1378), it was transliterated as Pen-Heng 湓亨, and in Haiguo Wenjianlu 海國聞見錄 (circa 1730), compiled in
10201-469: Was moved to Kuantan . After World War II , Pahang formed the Federation of Malaya with the other eight Malay States and two British Crown Colonies , Malacca and Penang in 1948. The semi-independent Malaya was granted independence in 1957, and was then reconstituted as Malaysia with the inclusion the states of Singapore (left the federation in 1965), Sabah and Sarawak in 1963. Pahang covers an area of 35,965 km (13,886 sq mi), and
#391608