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130-427: Lahm is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Frank P. Lahm (1877–1963), American pilot Philipp Lahm (born 1983), German football player Samuel Lahm (1812–1876), American lawyer and politician See also [ edit ] Lamm Mansfield Lahm Regional Airport Brittany Lahm [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with

260-619: A cirque . Four cirques led to the shape of the mountain. Most of the base of the mountain lies in the Tsaté nappe, a remnant of the Piedmont-Liguria oceanic crust ( ophiolites ) and its sedimentary rocks. Up to 3,400 metres the mountain is composed of successive layers of ophiolites and sedimentary rocks . From 3,400 metres to the top, the rocks are gneisses from the Dent Blanche nappe (Austroalpine nappes). They are divided into

390-681: A stroke at Good Samaritan Hospital in Sandusky, Ohio . He was cremated and his ashes spread over Randolph Air Force Base. In 1943 Lahm completed and published How Our Army Grew Wings , begun in the 1930s in collaboration with Col. Chandler, who died in 1939. His war diary in World War I has been preserved since 1970 by the Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA) as USAF Historical Study No. 141 . The United States Air Force Academy 's first hot air balloon

520-461: A Military Aviator . After S.C. No 7 became a total loss in August, Lahm's small detachment received a new aircraft, S.C. No. 13 , a Wright C Speed Scout equipped with pontoons for water landings. On September 11, 1913, Lahm attempted a water takeoff for a flight test but the center of gravity on the aircraft made it tail-heavy and it flipped over. Although the aircraft was totally destroyed, Lahm

650-420: A committee of senior officers headed by Brig. Gen. Benjamin D. Foulois to approve a design. In July it rejected the circular layout proposed for the new base and put forth a plan that placed all buildings in one corner of the property. Just prior to acceptance of the property, Lahm sharply criticized the revision to Fechet and a reconsideration, also on August 16, 1928, approved the original circular design. Clark

780-503: A contingency account. On April 30, Lahm reported to New York City along with 1st Lt. Thomas Selfridge and Albert L. Stevens to familiarize 25 members of the 1st Company, Signal Corps, New York National Guard organizing a National Guard balloon unit (the "aeronautical corps") in the use of hydrogen-filled kite balloons . Upon his return from New York, Lahm became head of the Aeronautical Division when Capt. Chandler

910-772: A controversy that estranged him from Henry H. Arnold , future Chief of the Army Air Forces. Arnold was supply officer for the Aviation School, having returned to the Aviation Section from the Infantry the previous May. On January 6, Arnold was present in Lahm's office when the Officer In Charge of Training, Capt. Herbert A. Dargue , came in to protest an authorization for a flight. A student at

1040-484: A deep cleft that defied their utmost efforts. The Matterhorn remained unclimbed. Whymper returned to Breuil in 1863, persuading Carrel to join forces with him and try the mountain once more via the Italian ridge. On this attempt, however, a storm soon developed and they were stuck halfway to the summit. They remained there for 26 hours in their tent before giving up. Whymper did not make another attempt for two years. In

1170-706: A dentist. On June 15, 1960, Lahm was recognized by the Air Force and the Early Birds of Aviation as "the father of Air Force flight training" in ceremonies at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , with 600 Air Force Academy cadets in attendance. In May 1962, the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force , Gen. Curtis E. LeMay , honored Lahm with a special citation recognizing him as the nation's first military aviator. Lahm died July 7, 1963, of

1300-560: A field in College Park, Maryland recommended by Lahm after balloon observations and inspections on horseback. Lahm made the first flight at the new field on October 8. Both officers soloed, with Humphreys going first. After only 14 flights, Lahm was pronounced a pilot on October 26. He Received FAI Airplane certificate No. 2, and took up his first passenger, the U.S. Navy's observer Lt. George C. Sweet , on November 3. Lahm and Humphreys crashed November 5, but both were uninjured, and

1430-426: A flyer and he enjoyed riding and polo. In San Antonio, he had three polo ponies. I was never allowed to ride them, presumably because I would spoil them. He did, however, teach me to ride other horses, to swim, to golf, and to play baseball. He enjoyed music and we sang on long automobile trips when he changed station from one Army post to another, my father and mother in the front seat and my sister, Barbara, and I in

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1560-408: A height of 12,800 feet and halted for half an hour; we then continued the ascent without a break until 9.55, when we stopped for fifty minutes, at a height of 14,000 feet. When the party came close to the summit, they had to leave the ridge for the north face because "[the ridge] was usually more rotten and steep, and always more difficult than the face". At this point of the ascent Whymper wrote that

1690-695: A military officer as a crew member. The race, commencing at the Tuileries Garden in Paris, was actually a distance competition across the English Channel . His father had planned to pilot the balloon United States himself but desired to return to America for Katherine's wedding, and so recruited his son to fly in his place. Accompanied by Major Henry Blanchard Hersey of the United States Weather Bureau , who had studied

1820-494: A model airfield. The next day, after reviewing unsolicited plans offered by 1st Lt. Harold L. Clark, an architect -trained former flying instructor now serving as a Kelly Field motor pool officer, it recommended a "revolutionary" four-quadrant circular layout that placed the structures between parallel runways aligned with the prevailing winds. Lahm then tasked the board to find a suitable location in May. Lahm originally dictated that

1950-490: A night ascension in stormy weather. In the summer of 1905, 2nd Lt. Lahm completed the requirements of six ascensions, including one at night and one alone, to earn Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) certificate No. 4 as a balloon pilot. On July 15 of the same summer Lahm was promoted to first lieutenant. In 1906, while awaiting entrance to Saumur, Lahm won the first Gordon Bennett Cup international balloon race against competitors from seven nations, all of which had

2080-406: A passenger, the first U.S. military officer to fly in a powered airplane, on a flight of six minutes and 24 seconds. The aircraft was destroyed, and Lt. Selfridge killed, in a crash on September 17. The Wright brothers brought an improved version of their 1908 plane to Fort Myer in 1909 for further War Department trials. After practice hops Orville Wright, with Lieutenant Lahm as a passenger, made

2210-572: A powered airplane on December 23, 1907, and among the three bids found acceptable was one submitted by the Wrights to build a plane within 200 days for $ 25,000. The Signal Corps budget had insufficient funds to meet the three bids, and in early February 1908, Lahm accompanied Gen. Allen and chief of the Aeronautical Division Capt Charles DeF. Chandler to meet with President Theodore Roosevelt to obtain funds from

2340-611: A second protest from Dargue to the school commandant, Col. William A. Glassford , and became lost with its crew somewhere in Mexico. When Glassford called in Lahm, he denied authorizing the flight, and Glassford made a public announcement to that effect based on Lahm's denial. The plane, which apparently had been headed to Calexico , had drifted off course and come down in the Sonoran Desert , with Bishop and his pilot finally located and rescued nine days later. Dargue had shown Arnold

2470-477: A sextant and a 50-foot-long (15 m) chain spread out on the Theodul glacier. He calculated its height as 4,501.7 m (14,769 ft). In 1868 the Italian engineer Felice Giordano measured a height of 4,505 m (14,780 ft) by means of a mercury barometer , which he had taken to the summit. The Dufour map , which was afterwards followed by the Italian surveyors, gave 4,482 m (14,705 ft) as

2600-474: A total of 7 squadrons, seven observation squadrons, a bombing group of two squadrons, three park squadrons, eleven balloon companies, 5 photo sections, a total of 700 officers and 5300 men. Lahm remained on unassigned duty in France until July 30, 1919, when he sailed from Brest on the converted troopship SS Leviathan , arriving at Hoboken, New Jersey , on August 7. The next day he reported to headquarters of

2730-568: A variety of companions could only reach a maximum height of 4,100 m (13,500 ft). However, on 14 July 1865, in what is considered the last ascent of the golden age of alpinism , he was able to reach the summit by an ascent of the Hörnli ridge in Switzerland, guided by the famed French mountaineer Michel Croz and the Swiss father and son Peter Taugwalder Sr. and Jr., and accompanied by

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2860-619: A widower with two young children, Lawrence, 12, and Barbara, 8. His father had developed cancer, and Lahm brought him back to the summer home for a final visit. Lahm was promoted to full colonel on October 1, 1931, and sent to the U.S. Embassy, Paris , France, in November to act as assistant military attaché for air to France, Spain, and Belgium. Shortly after his arrival in France, his father died in Paris on December 31. In 1933 Lahm became full military attaché to France. He remained in Paris until 1935, with collateral duty as military attaché to

2990-697: A year in France. Lahm's father made annual summer visits to a home he had purchased in 1877 in Summit County, Ohio , crossing the Atlantic Ocean fifty times to remain close to his children. Katherine lived with their aunt, Helen Lahm Greenwood, in Canton, Ohio , studied in France and at Smith College , and married an Army officer, Frank Parker , who retired as a major general in 1936. Lahm lived in Mansfield with another aunt, Mary Purdy Welden, who

3120-701: Is 1,042 metres (3,419 ft) as the ridge connecting it with a higher summit (in this case the Weisshorn , which is the culminating point of the range west of the Mattertal valley) sinks to a height of 3,436 m (11,273 ft) at the Col Durand, a saddle between the Pointe de Zinal and the Mont Durand . The topographic isolation is 13.9 km (8.6 mi), as the nearest point of higher elevation

3250-573: Is aligned towards the Oberrothorn above Zermatt. To its west lies the Zmutt ridge ( Zmuttgrat ), between the north and west faces and aligned towards the Wandfluehorn ; this is, according to Collomb, "the classic route up the mountain, its longest ridge, also the most disjointed." The Lion ridge ( Cresta del Leone / Arête du lion ), lying between the south and west faces and aligned towards

3380-589: Is also frequented by hikers. The Zermatt and Breuil-Cervinia resorts function as separate ski resort all year round and are connected by skilifts over the Theodul Pass. In 2023, a cable car link between Testa Grigia (or Tête grise ) and the Klein Matterhorn opened. It finally provided a direct link between the Swiss and Italian side of the Matterhorn. The Matterhorn Museum (Zermatt) relates

3510-524: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Frank P. Lahm Frank Purdy Lahm (November 17, 1877 – July 7, 1963) was an American aviation pioneer, the "nation's first military aviator", and a general officer in the United States Army Air Corps and Army Air Forces . Lahm developed an interest in flying from his father, a balloonist, and received among the first civil qualification certificates issued. He met

3640-557: Is listed in the Federal Inventory of Landscapes and Natural Monuments since 1983. The Matterhorn is an isolated mountain. Because of its position on the main Alpine watershed and its great height, the Matterhorn is exposed to rapid weather changes. In addition, the steep faces of the mountain and its isolated location make it prone to banner clouds formation, with the air flowing around the mountain producing condensation of

3770-522: Is no connection with the village of Breuil-Cervinia on the Italian side. Travellers have to hire mountain guides to cross the 3,300-metre-high glaciated Theodul Pass , separating the two resorts. The town of Zermatt remains almost completely free of internal combustion vehicles and can be reached by train only. (Apart from the local police service which uses a Volkswagen car, and the refuse collection lorry, only electric vehicles are used locally). Rail and cable-car facilities have been built to make some of

3900-517: Is that débris which, in the form of pebbles, boulders, and sand, fills our valleys and our plains. The formation of the Matterhorn (and the whole Alpine range) started with the break-up of the Pangaea continent 200 million years ago into Laurasia (containing Europe) and Gondwana (containing Africa). While the rocks constituting the nearby Monte Rosa remained in Laurasia, the rocks constituting

4030-605: Is the one-metre (3 ft 3 in) higher Western Liskamm . Considering mountains with a topographic prominence of at least 300 m (980 ft), the Matterhorn is the sixth-highest summit in the Alps and Europe outside the Caucasus Mountains . It is the fifth-highest summit of Valais and Switzerland and the third highest summit of the Aosta Valley and Italy. Locally, it is the third-highest summit in

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4160-527: The Air Service was renamed the Air Corps by act of Congress and authorized two additional brigadier general positions as assistant chiefs of Air Corps. Lahm was advanced to brigadier general on July 17, 1926, for a four-year tour as an assistant chief, to be commander of the new Air Corps Training Center, established at San Antonio, Texas , on August 16, 1926. Command of the training center included

4290-534: The Alps in general. Since the end of the 19th century, when railways were built in the area, the mountain has attracted increasing numbers of visitors and climbers. Each year, numerous mountaineers try to climb the Matterhorn from the Hörnli Hut via the northeast Hörnli ridge, the most popular route to the summit. Many trekkers also undertake the 10-day-long circuit around the mountain. The Matterhorn has been part of

4420-494: The Aosta Valley (German Augstal ). The 1548 map by Johannes Stumpf gives only Mons Silvius . The French name Cervin , from which the Italian term Cervino derives, stems from the Latin Mons Silvanus (or Mons Sylvanus ), where silva means "forest"; this was corrupted to Selvin and then Servin . The change of the first letter "s" to "c" is attributed to Horace Bénédict de Saussure , who thought

4550-690: The Austroalpine nappes , lying over the Penninic nappes . The Austroalpine nappes are part of the Apulian plate , a small continent that broke up from Africa before the Alpine orogeny . For this reason, the Matterhorn has been popularized as an African mountain. The Austroalpine nappes are mostly common in the Eastern Alps. The Swiss explorer and geologist Horace-Bénédict de Saussure , inspired by

4680-645: The Breithorn , at 3,295 metres, is the easiest passage between the two valleys and countries (the slightly lower Furggjoch not being used as a pass). The pass was used as a crossover and trade route for the Romans and the Romanised Celtic population Salassi between 100 BCE and 400 CE. The area is now heavily glaciated and covered on the north side by the Theodul Glacier . Well-known faces are

4810-522: The Dent Blanche nappe , lying over ophiolites and sedimentary rocks of the Penninic nappes . The mountain's current shape is the result of cirque erosion due to multiple glaciers diverging from the peak, such as the Matterhorn Glacier at the base of the north face. Sometimes referred to as the Mountain of Mountains ( German : Berg der Berge ), it has become an indelible emblem of

4940-714: The Gornergrat and Monte Rosa (respectively 10 and 17 km away) across the Theodul Pass , the west face overlooks the upper basin of the Zmutt Glacier between the Dent Blanche and the Dent d'Hérens (respectively 7 and 4 km away) and the south face fronts the resort town of Breuil-Cervinia and overlooks a good portion of the Valtournenche. The Matterhorn does not form a perfect square pyramid , as

5070-540: The Legion of Honor (France) [REDACTED]   Commander of the Military Order of Aviz (Portugal) Matterhorn The Matterhorn was studied by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure in the late eighteenth century, and was followed by other renowned naturalists and artists, such as John Ruskin , in the 19th century. It remained unclimbed after most of the other great Alpine peaks had been attained and became

5200-517: The North Sea . They landed near Fylingdales in Yorkshire after covering a distance of 641 kilometers and more than 22 hours aloft. Lahm's son Lawrence, himself a career officer, described his father's traits and characteristics in an essay he wrote in 1995: He was five feet nine inches tall and was always very slender so that he appeared taller than he was actually…he had been a gymnast and

5330-842: The Po on the south ( Adriatic Sea ). The north side is drained by the Zmuttbach (west and north faces) and the Gornera through the Furggbach (east face), tributaries of the Rhone through the (Matter) Vispa . The south side and face is drained by the Marmore torrent, a tributary of the Po through the Dora Baltea (or Doire baltée ). The Theodul Pass , located on the watershed between the Matterhorn and

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5460-667: The RMS Baltic and arrived in England on September 15, 1917, where he began keeping a war diary. Lahm's assignment in England began with nine days of inspections of factories, depots, and training fields. On September 24 he flew the English Channel as an observer on a Bristol Fighter , landing at Saint-Omer and continuing on to Montrouge , where the 2nd Wing, 2nd Air Brigade of the British Second Army

5590-673: The Simplon , the Theodul, and the Moro ; it therefore seems likely that the name of Servius, whence Silvius and later Servin, or Cervin, was given in his honour to the famous pyramid." It is unknown when the new name of Servin, or Cervin, replaced the old, from which it seems to be derived. The Matterhorn is also named Gran Bècca ("big mountain") by the Valdôtains and Horu by the local Walliser German speaking people. Because of its recognizable shape, many other similar mountains around

5720-664: The Swiss Federal Inventory of Natural Monuments since 1983. The name Matterhorn derives from the German words Matte ("meadow") and Horn ("horn"), and is often translated as "the peak of the meadows". In the Schalbetter map , printed by Sebastian Münster in 1545, the valley is labelled Mattertal , but the mountain has the Latin name Mons Silvius as well as the German name Augstalberg , in concord with

5850-411: The Taguig River after his engine failed, and again on May 29, putting the aircraft out of operation for a total of 13 days. After an engine change, the aircraft was much more reliable, but the rainy season shut down the school and he returned to troop duty. On March 10, 1913, he began a second season of instruction, training three more officers. On June 17, 1913, before flying was shut down again because

5980-414: The Theodul Pass to Zermatt to hire local guides. He encountered Lord Francis Douglas , a Scottish mountaineer, who also wanted to climb the Matterhorn. They arrived later in Zermatt in the Monte Rosa Hotel , where they met two other British climbers — the Reverend Charles Hudson and his young and inexperienced companion, Douglas Robert Hadow — who had hired the French guide Michel Croz to try to make

6110-524: The Valtournenche area, who made the first attempts in 1857 and 1858, reaching 3,800 m (12,500 ft) on the latter occasion. In July 1860, three brothers from Liverpool attempted the mountain, Alfred, Charles and Sandbach Parker, but they turned back at about 3,500 m (11,500 ft). In August of the same year, Jean-Jacques Carrel returned to guide, with Johann Joseph Bennen  [ de ] , Vaughan Hawkins and John Tyndall to about 3,960 m (12,990 ft) before turning back. In 1861

6240-430: The Wright Brothers in 1907 and used his interest in powered flight to become the Army's first certified pilot in 1909, followed four years later by becoming its 14th rated Military Aviator. In 1916 he became a career aviator, serving in the United States Army Air Service and its successors until his retirement in 1941 at the age of 64, rising to the rank of brigadier general. Lahm reached mandatory retirement age on

6370-405: The surname Lahm . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lahm&oldid=1166845677 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

6500-491: The 7th Cavalry in the Philippines. At the request of the Signal Corps he opened a seasonal flying school on the polo ground of Fort William McKinley near Manila on March 12, 1912. S.C. No. 7 , a Wright Model B aircraft shipped to the Philippines, was assembled and made its first flight on March 21. Lahm trained 1st Lt. Moss L. Love and Corporal Vernon Burge , the first enlisted pilot in the Army, in April and May 1912. On May 8, 1912, Lahm crash-landed S.C. No. 7 in mud on

6630-433: The Air Service, in battle at Soissons . Lahm's orders to return to the United States were rescinded and he was assigned to organize the balloon section of the Air Service headquarters in Paris. After doing so, he found himself ranked out of command on November 23, 1917, by now-Col. Charles DeF. Chandler, who had arrived in France as part of the massive staff of Brig. Gen. Benjamin Foulois . Lahm went instead to Chaumont as

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6760-423: The Arolla series (below 4,200 m) and the Valpelline zone (the summit). Other mountains in the region (Weisshorn, Zinalrothorn, Dent Blanche, Mont Collon) also belong to the Dent Blanche nappe. Since the eighteenth century, the Alps have attracted more and more people and fascinated generations of explorers and climbers. The Matterhorn remained relatively little known until 1865, but the successful ascent followed by

6890-610: The Augstbord and Meiden passes, the trekker crosses the Col de Sorebois and the Col de Torrent before arriving at Arolla . Then the Arolla Glacier and the Col Collon must be crossed on the way to Prarayer , followed by the Col de Valcournera to Breuil-Cervinia. In the last and highest section, the Theodul Pass must be crossed before returning to Zermatt. In total, seven passes between 2,800 and 3,300 metres must be crossed on relatively difficult terrain. As of 2015, almost two million visitors arrive at Zermatt annually. An average of around twelve people per year have died on Matterhorn in

7020-406: The British gentlemen Charles Hudson , Lord Francis Douglas , Douglas Robert Hadow . Upon descent, Hadow, Croz, Hudson and Douglas fell to their deaths on the Matterhorn Glacier , and all but Douglas (whose body was never found) are buried in the Zermatt churchyard. Just three days later, on 17 July 1865, Jean-Antoine Carrel and Jean-Baptiste Bich reached the summit from the Italian side. In

7150-427: The Carrels managed to reach the Crête du Coq at 4,032 m (13,228 ft). In July 1862, Jean-Antoine, together with César Carrel, accompanied as porters (sic) John Tyndall, Anton Walters and J.J. Bennen to Matterhorn's Shoulder at 4,248 m (13,937 ft), which was subsequently named Pic Tyndall in honor of the client. Edward Whymper joined the efforts in August 1861, but in his first 7 attempts with

7280-405: The Carrels went alone to reach a new high on Matterhorn of 4,032 m (13,228 ft) the next day. Whymper and his guide camped one more night on the Col du lion (= Col Tournanche) 3,479 m (11,414 ft) and were forced to turn around only an hour above this pass the day after. In 1862 Whymper made further attempts, still from the south side, on the Lion ridge (or Italian ridge), where

7410-420: The Dent d'Hérens is the Italian normal route and goes across Pic Tyndall ; Collomb comments, "A superb rock ridge, the shortest on the mountain, now draped with many fixed ropes, but a far superior climb compared with the Hörnli." Finally the south side is separated from the east side by the Furggen ridge ( Furggengrat ), which is aligned towards the Klein Matterhorn . It is, according to Collomb, "the hardest of

7540-462: The Italian ridge. Despite its appearance, Whymper wrote that the Hörnli ridge was much easier to climb than the Italian ridge: We were now fairly upon the mountain, and were astonished to find that places which from the Riffel, or even from the Furggen Glacier, looked entirely impracticable, were so easy that we could run about . After camping for the night, Whymper and party started on the ridge. According to Whymper: The whole of this great slope

7670-417: The Matterhorn found themselves in Gondwana, separated by the newly formed Tethys Ocean . 100 million years ago the extension of the Tethys Ocean stopped and the Apulian plate broke from Gondwana and moved toward the European continent. This resulted in the closure of the western Tethys by subduction under the Apulian plate (with the Piemont-Liguria Ocean first and Valais Ocean later). The subduction of

7800-480: The Matterhorn is here, suspiciously prying into everything. I have taken all the best men away from him; and yet he is so enamored of the mountain that he may go with others...He is here in the hotel and I try to avoid speaking to him. Just as he did two years before, Whymper asked Carrel to be his guide, but Carrel declined; Whymper was also unsuccessful in hiring other local guides from Breuil. When Whymper discovered Giordano and Carrel's plan, he left Breuil and crossed

7930-402: The Signal Corps Aviation School and President of the Junior Military Aviator Examining Board. On May 29, 1916, Captain Lahm was briefly detached to the 3rd Field Artillery Regiment at Fort Sam Houston , Texas, to practice using captive balloon ascensions for artillery spotting. Shortly after, on June 12, his permanent rank of captain, Cavalry, was approved. In January 1917 Lahm was involved in

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8060-415: The Swiss and Italian valleys for centuries. The circuit includes alpine meadows, balcony trails, larch forests and glacial crossings. It connects six valleys embracing three different cultures: the German-speaking high Valais, the French-speaking central Valais and the bilingual French/Italian-speaking Aosta Valley. Good conditions are necessary to circumnavigate the peak. After reaching Zinal from Zermatt by

8190-610: The U.S. Embassy in Brussels , Belgium. In October 1935 Lahm returned to the United States as Air Officer, Second Corps Area, at Governors Island , New York, until December 14, 1940, when he became Chief of Aviation to the First Army . He received the Legion of Merit for his contribution to this command during its important formative period. President Franklin D. Roosevelt awarded Lahm an honorary promotion major general in September 1941. The extent of expanded pilot requirements immediately preceding World War II necessitated decentralization of Air Corps flight training , which had been

8320-615: The United States, Lt. Lahm toured aviation sites in Germany and England, where he met Griffith Brewer , a balloonist who later became a pilot for the Wrights. In December, Lahm arrived at Fort Myer, Virginia , where he and a detachment of Signal Corps troops constructed a hydrogen generating plant and practiced captive observation balloon work. Alexander Graham Bell , inventor of the telephone and an early aviation enthusiast, often invited Lahm to join visiting scientists in his Washington home for discussions on many subjects, especially aviation. The Signal Corps advertised specifications for

8450-421: The Valtournenche, is 1,350 metres high and offers many different routes. The west face, the highest at 1,400 metres, has the fewest ascent routes and lies in a more remote area than the other faces. The four main ridges separating the four faces are the main climbing routes. The least difficult technical climb and the usual climbing route , the Hörnli ridge ( Hörnligrat ), lies between the east and north faces and

8580-520: The activation of the army, he was promoted to temporary colonel. On October 12, the AEF expanded to two field armies, and Lahm was named Chief of Air Service, Second Army at Toul. He chose Lt. Col. John F. Curry to be his chief of staff and began organizing it. He remained in France in command of the Second Army Air Service until it was dissolved on April 15, 1919. His diary entry for that date states: Starting with an Air Service of three observation squadrons in Oct., it grew to two pursuit groups with

8710-544: The advice of doctors, undertook a trip to Southern France, Italy, and Switzerland in October to improve his condition. Lahm, then two, and his four-year-old sister Katherine were left in the care of relatives. Soon after culminating his recovery by scaling the Matterhorn in August 1881, Frank S. Lahm became the European agent for the Remington Typewriter Company . He resided in Paris until his death in 1931. The elder Lahm kept his family connected to one another through frequent correspondence, visits, and educating each child for

8840-414: The air on the lee side and also creating vortices. The Matterhorn's pyramid is composed of Paleozoic rocks, which were thrusted over the Matterhorn's Mesozoic base during the Cenozoic . Quaternary glaciation and weathering give the mountain its current shape. Apart from the base of the mountain, the Matterhorn is composed of gneiss belonging to the Dent Blanche klippe , an isolated part of

8970-453: The airfield was too muddy, Lahm conducted a 21-mile reconnaissance from Ft. McKinley to Alabang , drawing accurate sketches of positions of the 7th and 8th Cavalry on maneuvers there. On July 19, 1913, he passed a Signal Corps-required flying test administered by the Aero Club of America (even though he had received an ACA aviator license in 1911) and received ACA Expert Aviator's Certificate No. 15 , which also qualified him to be rated as

9100-409: The airplane was repaired. However the Signal Corps lost the service of both when they were returned to their regular assignments by their respective branches. In December 1909 Lahm joined the 7th Cavalry at Fort Riley , Kansas. In June 1910 Lahm attended Mounted Service School and graduated in June 1911. In October he married high school history teacher Gertrude Jenner in Mansfield, then rejoined

9230-458: The area with his guides, before going back to Breuil on 7 July. Meanwhile, the Italian Alpine Club was founded and its leaders, Felice Giordano and Quintino Sella , established plans to conquer the Matterhorn before any non-Italian could succeed. Felice Giordano hired Carrel as a guide. He feared the arrival of Whymper, now a rival, and wrote to Quintino Sella: I have tried to keep everything secret, but that fellow whose life seems to depend on

9360-593: The back. His posture was firmly erect and he possessed a cold courage that was remarkable. Beneath the calm exterior lay the competitiveness and combativeness fostered by the severe training at West Point. The Army detailed Lahm to the fledgling Aeronautical Division , a section in the Office of the Chief Signal Officer (OCSO), on September 17, 1907, while he was still in Europe. His departure from France

9490-692: The coordination and management of training at the Air Corps Primary Flying School at Brooks Field , the Advanced Flying School at Kelly Field , and the School of Aviation Medicine at Brooks. Almost immediately Lahm understood that because of the small size of his bases, their deteriorated condition (originally built as temporary in World War I), and the encroachment of San Antonio, his charge to " coordinate

9620-712: The core element of the program after Lahm organized the Air Corps Training Center . The ACTC was broken up geographically, establishing three regional training centers. The ACTC, still headquartered at Randolph, was renamed the Gulf Coast Air Corps Training Center and became operational in February 1941. Lahm served as its commander from October 21, 1941, to his mandatory retirement on November 20, 1941. He retired, after more than forty years of continuous military service, in

9750-426: The decisive year 1865, Whymper returned with new plans, deciding to attack the Matterhorn via its south face instead of the Italian ridge. On 21 June, Whymper began his ascent with Swiss guides, but halfway up they experienced severe rockfall; although nobody was injured, they decided to give up the ascent. This was Whymper's seventh attempt. During the following weeks, Whymper spent his time climbing other mountains in

9880-528: The east and north, visible from the area of Zermatt, although mostly hidden from the Mattertal by the chain of the Weisshorn . The east face is 1,000 metres high and, because it is "a long, monotonous slope of rotten rocks", presents a high risk of rockfall, making its ascent dangerous. The north face is 1,200 metres high and is one of the most dangerous north faces in the Alps , in particular for its risk of rockfall and storms. The south face, well visible from

10010-644: The eve of United States participation in World War II but contributed to the growth of the Air Force both during and following the war. Because of his leadership and administration during its construction, Lahm is also known as "the father of Randolph Field ," and because of his lifelong devotion to aviation and aeronautical science, "the father of Air Force flight training". SOURCE NOTE: All dates of rank and dates of Permanent Change of Station where shown are from AFHRA, Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917–1952, Volume 1 – A through L Lahm

10140-515: The first ascent. These two groups decided to join forces and try the ascent of the Hörnli ridge. They hired another two local guides, a father and son, both named Peter Taugwalder. Whymper and party left Zermatt early in the morning of 13 July 1865, heading to the foot of the Hörnli ridge, which they reached 6 hours later (approximately where the Hörnli Hut is situated today). Meanwhile, Carrel and six other Italian guides also began their ascent of

10270-576: The first official test flight on July 27. He and Lahm established a world's record for a two-man flight: one hour, 12 minutes and 40 seconds, to meet the Army's specification for the aircraft, designated Signal Corps (S.C.) Number 1 , being the first airplane purchased by the U.S. Army. The Wright Brothers set out to fulfill their Army contracts by teaching officers to operate the machine, with Lahm and 2nd Lt. Frederic E. Humphreys selected by Gen. Allen as candidates. In October 1909 Wilbur Wright trained both at

10400-587: The football team and was captain of the baseball team. He set several records in gymnastics. He was commissioned second lieutenant , 6th Cavalry , and campaigned in the Philippines for two years. He toured China, Korea, and Japan during his return to the United States in 1903, where he was assigned to West Point as an instructor in modern languages for three years. He spent his summer leaves in France with his father, who taught him to fly balloons in

10530-587: The four compass points. Three of them (north, east and west) are on the Swiss side of the border and watershed ( Mattertal valley) and one of them (south) is on the Italian side of the border ( Valtournenche valley). The north face overlooks the Ober Gabelhorn (7 km away) across the Zmutt Glacier and valley (above Zermatt ), the east face overlooks the Gorner Glacier system between

10660-447: The general history of the region from alpinism to tourism. In the museum, which is in the form of a reconstituted mountain village, the visitors can relive the first and tragic ascent of the Matterhorn and see the objects that belonged to the protagonists. The Tour of the Matterhorn can be effected by trekkers in about 10 days. Considered by some as one of the most beautiful treks in the Alps, it follows many ancient trails that have linked

10790-455: The grade of brigadier general. Three weeks later, in the wake of the attack on Pearl Harbor , he offered to come off the retired list but was not accepted. Lahm assisted with war bond drives and was active in a number of civic organizations. He was wedded in Hollywood, California , on April 3, 1948, to Grace Wolfe Kenson, a lifelong friend, the daughter of a Mansfield judge and widow of

10920-555: The height of the Swiss summit. In 1999, the summit height was precisely determined to be at 4,477.54 m (14,690 ft) above sea level by using Global Positioning System technology as part of the TOWER Project (Top of the World Elevations Remeasurement) and to an accuracy of less than one centimetre, which allows future changes to be tracked. The topographic prominence of the Matterhorn

11050-636: The largest of which are the Tiefmattengletscher to the west, part of the Zmutt Glacier , and the Matterhorn Glacier to the north. Smaller glaciers lie at the base of the south face (the Lower Matterhorn Glacier) and the east face (unnamed). In this area, the border between Switzerland and Italy coincides with the main Alpine watershed , separating the drainage basin of the Rhone on the north ( Mediterranean Sea ) and that of

11180-509: The less experienced Hadow "required continual assistance". Having overcome these difficulties the group finally arrived in the summit area, with Croz and Whymper reaching the top first. The slope eased off, and Croz and I, dashing away, ran a neck-and-neck race, which ended in a dead heat. At 1.40 p.m. the world was at our feet, and the Matterhorn was conquered. Hurrah! Not a footstep could be seen. Precisely at this moment, Carrel and party were approximatively 400 metres below, still dealing with

11310-479: The location be within 10 miles of San Antonio, but difficulties finding a site suited to the planned design, and the large size required, forced a resumption of the search in October 1927 out to an expanded distance of 30 miles. While the location problem was being settled, Lahm assigned Clark to begin work on plans and layout of the new base on December 8, 1927. A location near Schertz , 18 miles from San Antonio,

11440-418: The municipality of Zermatt and the highest summit in the municipality of Valtournenche . On the official International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation list of Alpine four-thousanders , which also includes subsidiary summits of higher mountains such as the nearby Monte Rosa , the Matterhorn is the 12th highest summit in the Alps. The Matterhorn has a pyramidal shape with four faces nearly facing

11570-415: The muscles of his arms and back stood out like ropes. He was soft spoke and agreeable, yet, there was always a certain reserve. He was modest, honest, and true. He spoke well of others. As a boy he had gone to church twice on Sundays, once in the morning and once in the evening. He visited the sick and aged. He loved games. He was an avid hunter and fisherman. He was first a cavalryman before he became

11700-799: The new branch. He was promoted to major on July 1 and lieutenant colonel on July 2, then transferred in grade to the Air Service on August 6. Lahm was assigned to the War Department General Staff (WDGS) as a staff member and later chief of the Organization Branch, Operation and Training Division (G-3) from August 25, 1920, to July 1, 1924. He was then Air Officer at the Ninth Corps Area at the Presidio of San Francisco , California. On July 2, 1926,

11830-415: The north and south faces are wider than the west and east faces. Moreover, the latter faces do not actually meet on the summit but are connected by a 100-metre-long horizontal west–east ridge between the north and south faces. The Matterhorn's faces are steep, and only small patches of snow and ice cling to them; regular avalanches send the snow down to accumulate on the glaciers at the base of each face,

11960-522: The oceanic crust left traces still visible today at the base of the Matterhorn ( accretionary prism ). The orogeny itself began after the end of the oceanic subduction when the European continental crust collided with the Apulian continent, resulting in the formation of nappes . The Matterhorn acquired its characteristic pyramidal shape in much more recent times as it was caused by natural erosion over

12090-507: The opening up of the Alpine passes, which from that time onward traders have been wanting to cross with great danger and grave difficulty. Servius Galba, in order to carry out Caesar's orders, came with his legions from Allobroges ( Savoy ) to Octodurum ( Martigny ) in the Valais, and pitched his camp there. The passes which he had orders to open from there could be no other than the St. Bernard ,

12220-477: The original authorization signed by Lahm, however, which Arnold verified to investigators on January 27. On January 30, one day after the birth of his son, Arnold was transferred to Panama, which he attributed to retribution by Lahm and Glassford. After the United States entered World War I , Lahm became commanding officer of the Army Balloon School at Fort Omaha on May 24, 1917. At that time he

12350-434: The past million years. At the beginning of alpine orogeny, the Matterhorn was only a rounded mountain like a hill. Because its height is above the snowline , its flanks are covered by ice, resulting from the accumulation and compaction of snow. During the warmer period of summer, part of the ice melts and seeps into the bedrock. When it freezes again, it fractures pieces of rock because of its dilatation ( freeze-thaw ), forming

12480-579: The reorganized Air Service and was issued orders to attend the General Staff College. Lahm reverted to his permanent establishment rank of captain on September 9, 1919, and began studies as a "special student" (because his rank had been reduced below that of field grade) at the General Staff College in Washington D.C., through June 1920. The Air Service was made a statutory part of the Army on June 4, 1920, and Lahm applied for transfer to

12610-522: The ridges [...] the ridge still has an awesome reputation but is not too difficult in good conditions by the indirect finish". While the Matterhorn is the culminating point of the Valtournenche on the south, it is only one of the many 4000 metres summits of the Mattertal valley on the north. Its height is exceeded by four major summits: the Weisshorn (4,505 m), the Dom (4,545 m), the Liskamm (4,527 m) and

12740-420: The route seemed easier than the Hörnli ridge (the normal route today). On his own, he reached above 4,000 metres, but was injured on his way down to Breuil. In July John Tyndall with Johann Joseph Bennen and another guide overcame most of the difficulties of the ridge that seemed so formidable from below and successfully reached the main shoulder ; but at a point not very far below the summit they were stopped by

12870-464: The school's Field Officers course, Lt. Col. Harry G. Bishop of the Field Artillery, had asked for a plane and pilot to fly to an unspecified location, and Dargue protested that the flight interfered with scheduled training. According to Arnold's statement to investigators, Lahm told Dargue to "carry out his instructions" without further explanation. On January 10 the flight took place, despite

13000-758: The second-highest in the Alps, Monte Rosa (4,634 m). This section of the Pennine Alps , including the Matterhorn, the Zinalrothorn , the Dent Blanche , the Dent d'Hérens , the Breithorn , the Strahlhorn , the Rimpfischhorn and the Alphubel , concentrates most of western Europe's highest mountains and forms a crown of peaks around Zermatt. The deeply glaciated region between the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa (named Dent Blanche-Matterhorn-Monte Rosa )

13130-436: The section's liaison to GHQ AEF until February 23, 1918, when he was moved to Colombey-les-Belles in the same capacity to the Air Service, Advance Section, Services of Supply, where he supervised the tactical training of balloon companies before their assignment to the front as artillery spotters. On June 3, 1918, an air service for the soon-to-be-activated U.S. First Army was set up at Toul , with Foulois in command. Lahm

13260-492: The south side. In Châtillon he hired a Swiss guide, who remained anonymous in his accounts, and in Valtournanche he almost hired Jean-Antoine Carrel as well, but, disliking the looks of Carrel's uncle, he changed his mind. The Carrels decided to give Matterhorn a try by themselves again, and caught up with Whymper at nightfall. Whymper now had "a strong inclination to engage the pair; but, finally, decided against it" and

13390-563: The storm tracks and prevailing winds, Lahm started 12th in a field of 16 late in the afternoon of September 30. Under a full moon they reached the Channel before midnight and a lightship off the coast of England three hours later, where fog obscured the surface. The morning sun slowly burned off the fog and caused the balloon to ascend to 3,000 meters altitude. Lahm and Hersey established their position over Berkshire around 07:00 and continued north, gradually descending to avoid drifting out over

13520-399: The subject of an international competition for the summit. The first ascent of the Matterhorn was in 1865 from Zermatt by a party led by Edward Whymper , but during the descent, a sudden fall claimed the lives of four of the seven climbers. This disaster, later portrayed in several films , marked the end of the golden age of alpinism . The north face was not climbed until 1931 and is among

13650-406: The summer of 1860, Edward Whymper came across the Matterhorn for the first time. He was an English artist and engraver who had been hired by a London publisher to make sketches of the mountains in the region of Zermatt . Although the unclimbed Matterhorn had a mixed reputation among British mountaineers, it fascinated Whymper. Whymper's first attempt was in August 1861, from the village of Breuil on

13780-560: The summer of 1904. In 1906 he was assigned to attend the École Impériale de Cavalerie (French Cavalry School of Application) at Saumur . Lahm's father joined the Aéro-Club de France in 1902 (at the age of 56), purchased a balloon he named the Katherine Hamilton in honor of his daughter, and qualified for his balloon pilot's certificate in November 1904. The elder Lahm made frequent flights and initiated his son during

13910-606: The summits in the area more accessible. The Gornergrat railway , reaching a record altitude of 3,100 metres, was inaugurated in 1898. Areas served by cable car are the Unterrothorn and the Klein Matterhorn ( Little Matterhorn ) (3,883 m, highest transportation system in Europe). The Hörnli Hut (3,260 m), which is the start of the normal route via the Hörnli ridge, is easily accessible from Schwarzsee (2,600 m) and

14040-445: The ten years from 2005 to 2015. The Matterhorn was one of the last of the main Alpine mountains to be ascended, not because of its technical difficulty, but because of the fear it inspired in early mountaineers . The first serious attempts were all from the Italian side, although, despite appearances, the southern routes are technically more difficult. The main figures were Jean-Antoine Carrel and his uncle Jean-Jacques Carrel, from

14170-476: The three biggest north faces of the Alps , known as "The Trilogy". The west face, the highest of the Matterhorn's four faces, was completely climbed only in 1962. It is estimated that over 500 alpinists have died on the Matterhorn, making it one of the deadliest peaks in the world. The Matterhorn is mainly composed of gneisses (originally fragments of the African Plate before the Alpine orogeny ) from

14300-497: The tragic accident of the expedition led by Edward Whymper caused a rush on the mountains surrounding Zermatt . The construction of the railway linking the village of Zermatt from the town of Visp started in 1888. The first train reached Zermatt on 18 July 1891 and the entire line was electrified in 1930. Since 1930 the village is directly connected to St. Moritz by the Glacier Express panoramic train. However, there

14430-497: The training in the schools with a view of bringing them as close together as possible, and particularly with a view to making the transition easier for the students going from one school to the other " required expansion of the center by construction of a new facility. After Chief of Air Corps Maj. Gen. Mason Patrick recommended the same in December 1926, Lahm appointed a board of five officers on April 18, 1927, to draw up plans for

14560-419: The view of the Matterhorn, anticipated modern theories of geology: What power must have been required to shatter and to sweep away the missing parts of this pyramid; for we do not see it surrounded by heaps of fragments; one only sees other peaks - themselves rooted to the ground - whose sides, equally rent, indicate an immense mass of débris, of which we do not see any trace in the neighbourhood. Doubtless, this

14690-636: The word was related to "deer" (French: cerf and Italian: cervo ). Josias Simler hypothesized in De Alpibus Commentarius (1574) that the name Mons Silvius was readopted by T. G. Farinetti: "Silvius was probably a Roman leader who sojourned with his legions in the land of the Salassi and the Seduni , and perhaps crossed the Theodul Pass between these two places. This Silvius may have been that same Servius Galba whom Caesar charged with

14820-520: The world were named or nicknamed 'the Matterhorn of' their respective countries or mountain ranges. The Matterhorn has two distinct summits , situated at either end of a 100-metre-long (330 ft) exposed rocky crest which forms the Italian/Swiss border. In August 1792, the Genevan geologist and explorer Horace Bénédict de Saussure made the first measurement of the Matterhorn's height, using

14950-513: Was Lieutenant of the Corps and valedictorian of his class. He entered the U.S. Military Academy in June 1897. Although he graduated in the top fifth of his class, he found time for athletics. He held the rope climbing record at West Point, and his enthusiasm for horse riding led him into the cavalry on his graduation in 1901, ranked 23rd in merit in his class of 74 cadets. While at USMA he quarterbacked

15080-490: Was a widow with two children, and became devoted to her as his surrogate mother. In high school, he excelled as an athlete, lettering in both football and baseball , until his father brought him to France in 1893. There he attended Albert-le-Grand, a Dominican school near Paris, France, where he played rugby and participated in gymnastics and mountain climbing . Between 1895 and 1897, Lahm spent two years at Michigan Military Academy preparing for West Point . There he

15210-537: Was born on November 17, 1877, in Mansfield, Ohio , to Adelaide Way Purdy and Frank Samuel Lahm , owner of a hat shop. He was the grandson of Samuel Lahm , a Canton lawyer and Ohio congressman , and related through his grandmother to Daniel Webster . His mother died unexpectedly in March 1880 while giving birth to a third child, which also died shortly after. His father had been in poor health for five years, and on

15340-522: Was chosen to be his chief of staff, and remained so until after the Battle of Chateau-Thierry , when Foulois voluntarily turned over his command to Brig. Gen. Billy Mitchell (who already had Col. Thomas D. Milling as his chief of staff) on July 27. Lahm was shifted to the headquarters of the First Army, which was about to be activated, as Air Officer to its G-3 (Operations) Section. On August 14, with

15470-601: Was completed. Nevertheless, Lahm's role in the creation of Randolph Field was characterized as "providing the administrative initiative and energy required to crystallize these ideas into definite plans and to press them to a successful conclusion," and he is noted by the USAF's Air Education and Training Command as "the father of Randolph Field." At the end of his tour he reverted to his permanent rank of lieutenant colonel, assigned again as Air Officer, Ninth Corps Area until July 1931, when his wife died of pneumonia , leaving him

15600-483: Was delayed after a relapse of the typhoid he contracted in the spring of 1907 and he took convalescent leave at a rest home in St. Germain . It was in the home's garden on August 1, 1907, the very day that the Aeronautical Division came into being, that Lahm's father introduced him to Wilbur and Orville Wright . The elder Lahm had personally investigated the claims of the brothers and had been quietly promoting them among his colleagues in France since 1905. The meeting

15730-595: Was detailed to the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps , which had replaced the Aeronautical Division as the Army's aviation arm in August 1914. Lahm's rating was changed to that of Junior Military Aviator and he was placed on flying duty again. This resulted in his immediate promotion to captain in accordance with another provision of the law. He reported for duty on April 1, 1916, at the Rockwell Field , San Diego, California as Secretary ( adjutant ) of

15860-883: Was named in his honor in 1973. Both Mansfield Lahm Regional Airport and the Administration Building of Mansfield Lahm Air National Guard Base are named for Lahm. In 2009, he was inducted in the First Flight Society along with Humphreys as the first military aviation trainees. In 1963, Lahm was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in Dayton, Ohio. SOURCE: Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917–1952, Volume 2 – L through Z [REDACTED]    Airplane Pilot [REDACTED]    Military Aviator [REDACTED]   Officer of

15990-420: Was now revealed, rising for 3,000 feet like a huge natural staircase. Some parts were more, and others were less, easy; but we were not once brought to a halt by any serious impediment, for when an obstruction was met in front it could always be turned to the right or left. For the greater part of the way there was, indeed, no occasion for the rope, and sometimes Hudson led, sometimes myself. At 6.20 we had attained

16120-616: Was obtained by the San Antonio Chamber of Commerce and offered to Lahm on the last day of 1927, who sent the proposal to Secretary of War Dwight F. Davis . In February Congress authorized President Calvin Coolidge to accept the gift, but it was August 16, 1928, before the legal processes ran their course and the property acquired. While this took place, in April the new Chief of Air Corps, Maj. Gen. James Fechet , appointed

16250-496: Was saved from drowning by a life jacket . In November, at his own request, he was relieved of flying duties and returned to troop duties. He was assigned to command of a troop of the 7th Cavalry in September 1914, just after the outbreak of war in Europe . In October 1914 Lahm was assigned to the 6th Cavalry at Texas City and Harlingen, Texas until April 1916. Having completed the required years of troop duty in his branch, he

16380-697: Was situated. On October 2, Lahm reported to Col. Raynal Bolling , at the headquarters of the Air Service, Zone of the Interior, in Paris, then was summoned to General Headquarters of the American Expeditionary Force (GHQ AEF) in Chaumont . He made inspections of French balloon facilities before going to the headquarters of the French Sixth Army at Vauxbuin on October 15 to observe French Caquot balloons , slated for use by

16510-687: Was the Army's only airplane, balloon, and dirigible pilot. On June 27, Lahm received promotion to major in the Aviation Section, Signal Corps. He suffered a severely broken leg early in June when his polo pony "Joe" slipped on a paved street in Omaha and fell on him. As he was about to start sick leave, Lahm was offered a six-week inspection tour of balloon schools, equipment, and operations in both Britain and France. He received confidential orders from Gen. Tasker H. Bliss on July 25, and another promotion to temporary lieutenant colonel, Signal Corps, on August 5. Lahm sailed from New York City on August 23 aboard

16640-594: Was the beginning of a friendship that lasted until the two brothers died. Lahm learned that the Army, through the reluctance and disinterest of the Board of Ordnance and Fortification, had obstructed the attempts of the Wright Brothers to provide the Army with an airplane, and immediately wrote his new superior, Chief Signal Officer (CSO) Brig. Gen. James Allen (who sat on the board), urging that favorable consideration be given their most recent proposal. En route to

16770-678: Was then detailed for special duty in Washington D.C. as Lahm's liaison with the Construction Service, Quartermaster Corps , which would build the base. Construction of Randolph Field began on November 21, 1928. The site was cleared, the basic infrastructure completed, and somewhat less than half the buildings erected when the base was dedicated on June 20, 1930, as the "West Point of the Air", but Lahm's four-year tour as an assistant chief of Air Corps ended in July well before construction

16900-562: Was transferred to command the Signal Corps Balloon Station at Fort Omaha , Nebraska, on May 13. In August Lahm earned his second FAI certificate, Dirigible No. 2, and oversaw the Signal Corps acquisition of an airship from Thomas Scott Baldwin . On September 9, 1908, the Wright Brothers brought their 1908 Wright Flyer to Fort Myer for acceptance trials, and on its second flight Lahm accompanied Orville as

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