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181-625: In choosing the name "Morlocks", Wells may have been inspired by Moloch , the Canaanite god of child sacrifice , with the Eloi analogous to children. Alternatively, he may have also been inspired by the Morlachs , an ethnic group in the Balkans which attracted attention from Western travellers as a perceived archetype of barbarism and backwardness. The Morlocks are at first a mysterious presence in

362-442: A Syriac verb mlk meaning "to promise", a theory also supported as "the least problematic solution" by Heath Dewrell (2017). Eissfeldt's proposed meaning included both the act and the object of sacrifice. Scholars such as W. von Soden argue that the term is a nominalized causative form of the verb ylk/wlk , meaning "to offer", "present", and thus means "the act of presenting" or "thing presented". Kerr instead derives both

543-543: A subhuman alien race living in the caves in one region of Wunderland , which is one of humanity 's colonies in the Alpha Centauri system. Many of these stories are by Hal Colebatch in the shared spin-off series, " The Man Kzin Wars ", especially in vols. X, XI and XII. They are also mentioned in stories in the same series by M. J. Harringtom. In Joanna Russ ' short story "The Second Inquisition", The Time Machine

724-610: A book called When the Sleeper Wakes (1899). The book centers on a man who somehow falls asleep for several centuries, and wakes in the mid-21st century to find that his investments have done so well that he owns the world. An organization called the Labour Company has rounded up most of the world's lower class, forcing them to work underground in terrible conditions for the sole benefit of the rich upper class. It would seem that these people will later degenerate to become

905-735: A climate similar to the Pacific Northwest . On the Alaska North Slope , Metasequoia was the dominant conifer. Much of the diversity represented migrants from nearer the equator. Deciduousness was dominant, probably to conserve energy by retroactively shedding leaves and retaining some energy rather than having them die from frostbite. In south-central Alaska, the Chickaloon Formation preserves peat-forming swamps dominated by taxodiaceous conifers and clastic floodplains occupied by angiosperm–conifer forests. At

1086-537: A defined deep-water thermocline (a warmer mass of water closer to the surface sitting on top of a colder mass nearer the bottom) persisting throughout the epoch. The Atlantic foraminifera indicate a general warming of sea surface temperature–with tropical taxa present in higher latitude areas–until the Late Paleocene when the thermocline became steeper and tropical foraminifera retreated back to lower latitudes. Early Paleocene atmospheric CO 2 levels at what

1267-511: A deity. Punic inscriptions commonly associate the word mlk with three other words: ʾmr (lamb), bʿl (citizen) and ʾdm (human being). bʿl and ʾdm never occur in the same description and appear to be interchangeable. Other words that sometimes occur are bšr (flesh). When put together with mlk , these words indicate a " mlk -sacrifice consisting of...". The Biblical term lammolekh would thus be translated not as "to Moloch", as normally translated, but as "as

1448-622: A depth of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft). The Danian deposits are sequestered into the Aitzgorri Limestone Formation , and the Selandian and early Thanetian into the Itzurun Formation . The Itzurun Formation is divided into groups A and B corresponding to the two stages respectively. The two stages were ratified in 2008, and this area was chosen because of its completion, low risk of erosion, proximity to

1629-767: A detailed description of Moloch worship in which the Moloch idol has the face of a calf and offerings are placed in its outstretched hands to be burned. This portrayal has no basis in the Bible or Talmud and probably derives from sources such as Diodorus Siculus on Carthaginian child sacrifice as well as various other classical portrayals of gruesome sacrifice. The rabbis Rashi (1040–1105) and Joseph ben Isaac Bekhor Shor (12th century) may rely on Tanḥuma B when they provide their own description of Moloch sacrifices in their commentaries. The medieval rabbinical tradition also associated Moloch with other similarly named deities mentioned in

1810-434: A fire, onto which the sacrificial child is placed. This portrayal can be traced to medieval Jewish commentaries such as that by Rashi , which connected the biblical Moloch with depictions of Carthaginian sacrifice to Cronus ( Baal Hammon ) found in sources such as Diodorus , with George Foot Moore suggesting that the bull's head may derive from the mythological Minotaur . John S. Rundin suggests that further sources for

1991-530: A gentile was also forbidden (Jubilees 30:10). Such non-literal interpretations are condemned in the Mishnah (Megilla 4:9). Medieval rabbis argued about whether the prohibition of giving to Moloch referred to sacrifice or something else. For instance, Menachem Meiri (1249-1315) argued that "giving one's seed unto Moloch" referred to an initiation rite and not a form of idolatry or sacrifice. Other rabbis disagreed. The 8th or 9th-century midrash Tanḥuma B , gives

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2172-399: A god of worship of the state, following ideas first expressed by Scottish minister Alexander Hislop (1807–1865). Images of Moloch did not grow popular until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when Western culture began to experience a fascination with demons. These images tend to portray Moloch as a bull- or lion-headed humanoid idol, sometimes with wings, with arms outstretched over

2353-662: A higher rate than deciduous angiosperms as deciduous plants can become dormant in harsh conditions. In the Gulf Coast, angiosperms experienced another extinction event during the PETM, which they recovered quickly from in the Eocene through immigration from the Caribbean and Europe. During this time, the climate became warmer and wetter, and it is possible that angiosperms evolved to become stenotopic by this time, able to inhabit

2534-604: A large swarm of them could be a serious threat to a lone man, especially unarmed and/or without a light source. Unlike the Eloi, the Morlocks retain some of their human curiosity, initiative, and aggression: they are intrigued by the Time Traveller and band together to attack him when he invades their dwelling. Their language is composed of strange, unpleasant sounds, which the Time Traveller never deciphers. Their sensitivity to light usually prevents them from attacking during

2715-543: A mistake for Milcom , the Ammonite god (thus the reading in some manuscripts of the Septuagint ). In 2 Kings, Moloch is associated with the tophet in the valley of Gehenna when it is destroyed by king Josiah : And he defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech. The same activity of causing children "to pass over

2896-674: A mistake, in Isaiah: For a hearth is ordered of old; yea, for the king [ melek ] it is prepared, deep and large; the pile thereof is fire and much wood; the breath of the L ORD , like a stream of brimstone, doth kindle it. The standard text of the Septuagint , the Greek version of the Old Testament, contains the name "Moloch" (Μολόχ) at 2 Kings 23:10 and Jeremiah 30:35, as in the Masoretic text, but without an article. Moreover,

3077-572: A molk-sacrifice", a meaning consistent with uses of the Hebrew preposition la elsewhere. Bennie Reynolds further argues that Jeremiah's use of Moloch in conjunction with Baal in Jer 32:35 is parallel to his use of "burnt offering" and Baal in Jeremiah 19:4–5. The view that Moloch refers to a type of sacrifice was challenged by John Day and George Heider in the 1980s. Day and Heider argued that it

3258-441: A narrow range of temperature and moisture; or, since the dominant floral ecosystem was a highly integrated and complex closed-canopy rainforest by the middle Paleocene, the plant ecosystems were more vulnerable to climate change . There is some evidence that, in the Gulf Coast, there was an extinction event in the late Paleocene preceding the PETM, which may have been due to the aforementioned vulnerability of complex rainforests, and

3439-522: A reference to some "Morlock Mountains". Though the poem was published on February 18 of 1937 in the fiftieth issue of the Oxford Magazine , Tolkien revised the poem in 1961 or 1962 as The Mewlips , changing "Morlock" to "Merlock" to avoid an association with H.G. Wells' Morlocks. In Neal Stephenson 's essay on modern culture vis-à-vis operating system development, In the Beginning...

3620-485: A result of the past catastrophe and the resulting strain on resources, the proto-Morlocks divided themselves into several castes , two of which (the 'Hunters' and the 'Spies') could survive in the daylight. They inbred within each caste until the Morlock race became composed of genetically fine-tuned sub-races designed for specific tasks. During the climax of the film, Alexander kills the Über-Morlock by pushing him out of

3801-435: A sacrificial term, their positions are at once compromised by the possibility that biblical mōlekh could well function in a similar way as a technical term for a type of sacrifice". She further argues that "whoring after Moloch" does not need to imply a deity as mlk refers to both the act of sacrificing and the thing sacrificed, allowing an interpretation of "whor[ing] after the mlk-offering". Heath Dewrell argues that

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3982-424: A short time frame. The freezing temperatures probably reversed after three years and returned to normal within decades, sulfuric acid aerosols causing acid rain probably dissipated after 10 years, and dust from the impact blocking out sunlight and inhibiting photosynthesis would have lasted up to a year though potential global wildfires raging for several years would have released more particulates into

4163-778: A single formation (a stratotype ) identifying the lower boundary of the stage. In 1989, the ICS decided to split the Paleocene into three stages: the Danian, Selandian, and Thanetian. The Danian was first defined in 1847 by German-Swiss geologist Pierre Jean Édouard Desor based on the Danish chalks at Stevns Klint and Faxse , and was part of the Cretaceous, succeeded by the Tertiary Montian Stage. In 1982, after it

4344-841: Is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era . The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek παλαιός palaiós meaning "old" and the Eocene Epoch (which succeeds the Paleocene), translating to "the old part of the Eocene". The epoch is bracketed by two major events in Earth's history. The K–Pg extinction event , brought on by an asteroid impact ( Chicxulub impact ) and possibly volcanism ( Deccan Traps ), marked

4525-437: Is also evidence this occurred again 300,000 years later in the early Thanetian dubbed MPBE-2. Respectively, about 83 and 132 gigatons of methane-derived carbon were ejected into the atmosphere, which suggests a 2–3 °C (3.6–5.4 °F) rise in temperature, and likely caused heightened seasonality and less stable environmental conditions. It may have also caused an increase of grass in some areas. From 59.7 to 58.1 Ma, during

4706-804: Is also often used to describe something that debases society and feeds on its children, as in Percy Bysshe Shelley 's long poem Peter Bell the Third (1839), Herman Melville 's poem The March into Virginia (1866) about the American Civil War , and Joseph Seamon Cotter, Jr. 's poem Moloch (1921) about the First World War . In modern times, a metaphorical meaning of Moloch as a destructive force or system that demands sacrifice, particularly of children, has become common. Beginning with Samuel Laing 's National Distress (1844),

4887-537: Is controversial, but most likely about 2,500 years. This carbon also interfered with the carbon cycle and caused ocean acidification, and potentially altered and slowed down ocean currents, the latter leading to the expansion of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the deep sea. In surface water, OMZs could have also been caused from the formation of strong thermoclines preventing oxygen inflow, and higher temperatures equated to higher productivity leading to higher oxygen usurpation. Further, expanding OMZs could have caused

5068-572: Is difficult to say if the connection was more than a nominal one. In 2006, a new incarnation of Power Rangers , titled Power Rangers: Mystic Force , includes Morlocks as the enemies of the Mystic Force Rangers. Sources from before the show's premiere described them as " zombie -like foot soldiers" and it was also implied that they live underground below the town of Briarwood (where the show takes place) and plot to rise up and destroy everything. However, it has since been revealed that

5249-435: Is now Castle Rock , Colorado, were calculated to be between 352 and 1,110 parts per million (ppm), with a median of 616 ppm. Based on this and estimated plant-gas exchange rates and global surface temperatures, the climate sensitivity was calculated to be +3 °C when CO 2 levels doubled, compared to 7 °C following the formation of ice at the poles. CO 2 levels alone may have been insufficient in maintaining

5430-556: Is now the Mediterranean Sea tropical. South-central North America had a humid, monsoonal climate along its coastal plain, but conditions were drier to the west and at higher altitudes. Svalbard was temperate, having a mean temperature of 19.2 ± 2.49 °C during its warmest month and 1.7 ± 3.24 °С during its coldest. Global deep water temperatures in the Paleocene likely ranged from 8–12 °C (46–54 °F), compared to 0–3 °C (32–37 °F) in modern day. Based on

5611-660: Is one of the most influential for modern conceptions of this demon or deity. Milton also mentions Moloch in his poem " On the Morning of Christ's Nativity ", where he flees from his grisly altars. Similar portrayals of Moloch as in Paradise Lost can be found in Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock 's epic poem Messias (1748–1773), and in Alfred, Lord Tennyson 's poem The Dawn , where Moloch represents

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5792-419: Is portrayed as introducing the cult of Moloch to Jerusalem: Then did Solomon build a high place for Chemosh the detestation of Moab, in the mount that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech the detestation of the children of Ammon. This is the sole instance of the name Moloch occurring without the definite article in the Masoretic text: it may offer a historical origin of the Moloch cult in the Bible, or it may be

5973-512: Is referenced a number of times, and the unnamed character referred to as "our guest" (who is evidently a visitor from the future) claims to be a Morlock, although she does not physically resemble Wells' Morlocks. In the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000 , Morlocks are the elite warriors of the Iron Hands chapter of space marines and feature in several Horus Heresy novels where they act as bodyguards for their primarch Ferrus Manus. In

6154-491: Is saved from the priests of Moloch just before she was to be sacrificed to the idol during the night. The depiction of the sacrifices to Moloch are based on Flaubert's descriptions, while the entrance of Moloch's temple is modeled on a hellmouth . Cabiria's depiction of the temple and statue of Moloch would go on to influence other filmic depictions of Moloch, such as that in Fritz Lang 's Metropolis (1927), in which it

6335-453: Is that of appearance and dwelling "underground". The sphere they inhabit is divided into two concentric shells, with the Morlocks living exclusively inside the nearly featureless exterior. Above them, the inner shell where the sun shines openly is an Earth-like utopia. In its many forms and at many technological levels (from somehow familiar nowadays like industrial worlds, to worlds having anti-gravitational devices), they continue on here in much

6516-497: Is the product of nineteenth century ingenuity, not of Massoretic [ sic ] or pre-Massoretic tendentiousness". Scholars who do not believe that Moloch represents a deity instead compare the name to inscriptions in the closely related Punic language where the word mlk ( molk or mulk ) refers to a type of sacrifice, a connection first proposed by Otto Eissfeldt (1935). Eissfeldt himself, following Jean-Baptiste Chabot , connected Punic mlk and Moloch to

6697-427: Is twice equated with the underworld god Nergal . Day also notes that Isaiah seems to associate Moloch with Sheol . The Ugaritic deity Mlk also appears to be associated with the underworld, and the similarly named Phoenician god Melqart (literally "king of the city") could have underworld associations if "city" is understood to mean "underworld", as proposed by William F. Albright . Heider also argued that there

6878-401: Is uncertain: a derivation from the root mlk , which means "to rule" is "widely recognized". Since it was first proposed by Abraham Geiger in 1857, some scholars have argued that the word "Moloch" has been altered by using the vowels of bōšet "shame". Other scholars have argued that the name is a qal participle from the same verb. R. M. Kerr criticizes both theories by noting that

7059-548: Is why the GSSP was moved to Zumaia. Today, the beginning of the Selandian is marked by the appearances of the nannofossils Fasciculithus tympaniformis , Neochiastozygus perfectus , and Chiasmolithus edentulus , though some foraminifera are used by various authors. The Thanetian was first proposed by Swiss geologist Eugène Renevier , in 1873; he included the south England Thanet , Woolwich , and Reading formations. In 1880, French geologist Gustave Frédéric Dollfus narrowed

7240-802: Is workers rather than children who are sacrificed, and Sergio Leone 's The Colossus of Rhodes (1961). Moloch has continued to be used as a name for horrific figures who are depicted as connected to the demon or god but often bear little resemblance to the traditional image. This includes television appearances in Stargate SG1 as an alien villain, in Buffy the Vampire Slayer , Supernatural , and Sleepy Hollow . Paleocene The Paleocene ( IPA : / ˈ p æ l i . ə s iː n , - i . oʊ -, ˈ p eɪ l i -/ PAL -ee-ə-seen, -⁠ee-oh-, PAY -lee- ), or Palaeocene ,

7421-820: The Antarctic Peninsula . In the Paleocene, the waterways between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic were somewhat restricted, so North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)—which circulates cold water from the Arctic towards the equator—had not yet formed, and so deep water formation probably did not occur in the North Atlantic. The Arctic and Atlantic would not be connected by sufficiently deep waters until

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7602-640: The Babylonian Talmud explains that Moloch refers to the gentiles. Likewise, the late antique Targum Neofiti and the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan , interpret the verse to mean a Jewish man having sex with a gentile. The earlier Book of Jubilees (2nd century BCE) shows that this reinterpretation was known already during the Second Temple Period ; Jubilees uses the story of Dinah to show that marrying one's daughter to

7783-826: The Caribbean Plate ), which had formed from the Galápagos hotspot in the Pacific in the latest Cretaceous, was moving eastward as the North American and South American plates were getting pushed in the opposite direction due to the opening of the Atlantic ( strike-slip tectonics ). This motion would eventually uplift the Isthmus of Panama by 2.6 mya. The Caribbean Plate continued moving until about 50 mya when it reached its current position. The components of

7964-826: The Cretaceous Period and the Mesozoic Era , and initiated the Cenozoic Era and the Paleogene Period. It is divided into three ages : the Danian spanning 66 to 61.6 million years ago (mya), the Selandian spanning 61.6 to 59.2 mya, and the Thanetian spanning 59.2 to 56 mya. It is succeeded by the Eocene. The K–Pg boundary is clearly defined in the fossil record in numerous places around

8145-549: The Holarctic region (comprising most of the Northern Hemisphere) was mainly early members of Ginkgo , Metasequoia , Glyptostrobus , Macginitiea , Platanus , Carya , Ampelopsis , and Cercidiphyllum . Patterns in plant recovery varied significantly with latitude , climate, and altitude. For example, what is now Castle Rock, Colorado featured a rich rainforest only 1.4 million years after

8326-577: The Legion of Doom arrived and encountered the Barlocks, Lex Luthor formed an alliance with their leader (voiced by Ted Cassidy ) and came up with a trick to take over the domed city. Afterwards, the Legion of Doom used them in their plans to conquer the galaxy with Lex Luthor leading the Barlocks to conquer the ruling planet of Sector 13 while Black Manta leads the Barlocks to conquer the ruling planet in

8507-733: The Marvel Comics universe, a number of mutants whose mutations are visually obvious dwell underground, calling themselves Morlocks. The inhabitants of the Moscow metro are sometimes sarcastically referred to as Morlocks in Dmitry Glukhovsky's Metro 2033 . A poem by J. R. R. Tolkien entitled Knocking at the Door: Lines Induced by Sensation When Waiting for an Answer at the Door of an Exalted Academic Person , has

8688-487: The Paleocene (the Time Traveller quickly got ill there because of unknown germs, whereas Nebogipfel, though injured and disabled, suffered no apparent ill effects). The only Morlock given a name is Nebogipfel, who remains with the Time Traveller throughout the book. Nebogipfel's name comes from the main character of H. G. Wells ' first attempt at a time travel story, then called "Chronic Argonauts". The character's name

8869-536: The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum , a short period of intense warming and ocean acidification brought about by the release of carbon en masse into the atmosphere and ocean systems, which led to a mass extinction of 30–50% of benthic foraminifera –planktonic species which are used as bioindicators of the health of a marine ecosystem—one of the largest in the Cenozoic. This event happened around 55.8 mya, and

9050-809: The Quaternary from the Tertiary in 1829; and Scottish geologist Charles Lyell (ignoring the Quaternary) had divided the Tertiary Epoch into the Eocene , Miocene , Pliocene , and New Pliocene ( Holocene ) Periods in 1833. British geologist John Phillips had proposed the Cenozoic in 1840 in place of the Tertiary, and Austrian paleontologist Moritz Hörnes had introduced the Paleogene for

9231-461: The Talmud and among early Jewish commentators of the Bible. Rejecting such arguments, Paolo Xella and Francesca Stavrakopoulou note that the Bible explicitly connects the ritual to Moloch at the tophet with the verbs indicating slaughter, killing in sacrifice, deities "eating" the children, and holocaust . Xella also refers to Carthaginian and Phoenician child sacrifice found referenced in Greco-Roman sources. The oldest classical rabbinical texts,

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9412-406: The Transantarctic Mountains . The poles probably had a cool temperate climate; northern Antarctica, Australia, the southern tip of South America, what is now the US and Canada, eastern Siberia, and Europe warm temperate; middle South America, southern and northern Africa, South India, Middle America, and China arid; and northern South America, central Africa, North India, middle Siberia, and what

9593-524: The barbarism of past ages. In Gustave Flaubert 's Salammbô , a historical novel about Carthage published in 1862, Moloch is a Carthaginian god who embodies the male principle and the destructive power of the sun. Additionally, Moloch is portrayed as the husband of the Carthaginian goddess Tanit . Sacrifices to Moloch are described at length in chapter 13. The sacrifices are portrayed in an orientalist and exoticized fashion, with children sacrificed in increasing numbers to burning furnaces found in

9774-478: The high places of Baal, which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to set apart their sons and their daughters unto Molech; which I commanded them not, neither came it into My mind, that they should do this abomination; to cause Judah to sin. Given the name's similarity to the Hebrew word melek "king", scholars have also searched the Masoretic text to find instances of melek that may be mistakes for Moloch. Most scholars consider only one instance as likely

9955-433: The mishnah (3rd century CE) and Talmud (200s CE) include the Leviticus prohibitions of giving one's seed to Moloch, but do not clearly describe what this might have historically entailed. Early midrash regarded the prohibition to giving one's seed to Moloch at Leviticus 21:18 as no longer applicable in a literal sense. The Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael explains that Moloch refers to any foreign religion, while Megillah in

10136-485: The opening of the North Atlantic Ocean and seafloor spreading , the divergence of the Greenland Plate from the North American Plate , and, climatically, the PETM by dissociating methane clathrate crystals on the seafloor resulting in the mass release of carbon. North and South America remained separated by the Central American Seaway , though an island arc (the South Central American Arc) had already formed about 73 mya. The Caribbean Large Igneous Province (now

10317-429: The water column . Though the temperature in the latest Danian varied at about the same magnitude, this event coincides with an increase of carbon. About 60.5 mya at the Danian/Selandian boundary, there is evidence of anoxia spreading out into coastal waters, and a drop in sea levels which is most likely explained as an increase in temperature and evaporation, as there was no ice at the poles to lock up water. During

10498-399: The Østerrende Clay . The beginning of this stage was defined by the end of carbonate rock deposition from an open ocean environment in the North Sea region (which had been going on for the previous 40 million years). The Selandian deposits in this area are directly overlain by the Eocene Fur Formation —the Thanetian was not represented here—and this discontinuity in the deposition record

10679-454: The "Morlockian horror of factories". Elsewhere in his essay, Tolkien warns against separating fantasy readers into superficial categories, using the Eloi and Morlocks as a dramatic illustration of the repercussions of sundering the human race. The 1960 film version of The Time Machine directed by George Pal features Morlocks designed by Wah Chang . They are depicted as blue-skinned ape -like creatures with sloth -like hands and feet. Like

10860-416: The 1978 Challenge of the Superfriends episode titled "Conquerors of the Future", the episode featured Barlocks, a variation of the Morlocks in a time period when the Super Friends are long dead who lived outside a domed city that is Earth's capital. The Barlocks have attacked it many times and are driven away by the bright lights. In addition, they aren't very good at mastering the technology they have. When

11041-462: The Bible (such as that of Jephthah) and were a foreign custom imported by the Israelites from the Phoenicians during the reign of Ahaz . Because the name "Moloch" is almost always accompanied by the definite article in Hebrew, it is possible that it is a title meaning "the king", as it is sometimes translated in the Septuagint . In the twentieth century, the philosopher Martin Buber proposed that "Moloch" referred to "Melekh Yahweh". A similar view

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11222-437: The Bible such as Milcom , Adrammelek , and Anammelech . The Church fathers only discuss Moloch occasionally, mostly in commentaries on the Book of Amos or the Acts of the Apostles. Early Christian commentators mostly either used Moloch to show the sinfulness of the Jews or to exhort Christians to morality. Discussion of Moloch is also rare during the medieval period, and was mostly limited to providing descriptions of what

11403-448: The Cretaceous, had receded. Between about 60.5 and 54.5 mya, there was heightened volcanic activity in the North Atlantic region—the third largest magmatic event in the last 150 million years—creating the North Atlantic Igneous Province . The proto- Iceland hotspot is sometimes cited as being responsible for the initial volcanism, though rifting and resulting volcanism have also contributed. This volcanism may have contributed to

11584-439: The Cretaceous, tropical or subtropical , and the poles were temperate , with an average global temperature of roughly 24–25 °C (75–77 °F). For comparison, the average global temperature for the period between 1951 and 1980 was 14 °C (57 °F). The latitudinal temperature gradient was approximately 0.24 °C per degree of latitude. The poles also lacked ice caps, though some alpine glaciation did occur in

11765-441: The Eloi to their doom through the use of air raid sirens . Sirens , which once warned their ancestors to seek shelter underground, now evoke an instinctual response in the Eloi: they go into a trance and proceed to Morlock realms, where the Morlocks finally herd them underground with whips. In the television film The Time Machine directed by Henning Schellerup (1928–2000) and first broadcast on US television on November 5, 1978,

11946-431: The Eloi, have returned to the surface. The race that remained below the surface became the Morlocks, and when Perry arrives he watches as the Morlocks begin to harvest the Eloi as their food. Here, he also meets the Eloi girl Weena (played by Priscilla Barnes ) who, unlike the other film adaptations, now has a brother named Ariel. Weena leads Perry into a preserved technology museum, which also shows his bomb developed in

12127-524: The English King James Bible . The word Moloch (מולך) occurs eight times in the Masoretic text , the standard Hebrew text of the Bible . Five of these are in Leviticus , with one in 1 Kings , one in 2 Kings and another in The Book of Jeremiah . Seven instances include the Hebrew definite article ha- ('the') or have a prepositional form indicating the presence of the definite article. All of these texts condemn Israelites who engage in practices associated with Moloch, and most associate Moloch with

12308-409: The Eocene and Neogene for the Miocene and Pliocene in 1853. After decades of inconsistent usage, the newly formed International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), in 1969, standardized stratigraphy based on the prevailing opinions in Europe: the Cenozoic Era subdivided into the Tertiary and Quaternary sub-eras, and the Tertiary subdivided into the Paleogene and Neogene Periods. In 1978, the Paleogene

12489-425: The Eocene". The Eocene, in turn, is derived from Ancient Greek eo— eos ἠώς meaning "dawn", and—cene kainos καινός meaning "new" or "recent", as the epoch saw the dawn of recent, or modern, life. Paleocene did not come into broad usage until around 1920. In North America and mainland Europe, the standard spelling is "Paleocene", whereas it is "Palaeocene" in the UK. Geologist T. C. R. Pulvertaft has argued that

12670-499: The Hebrew equivalent to Punic ylk (the root of Punic mlk ) is the verb ‘br "to pass over"; in Frendo's view, this means that the Hebrew Moloch is not derived from the same root as Punic mlk . Since Day's and Heider's objections, a growing number of scholars have come to believe that Moloch refers to the mulk sacrifice rather than a deity. Francesca Stavrakopoulou argues that "because both Heider and Day accept Eissfeldt's interpretation of Phoenician-Punic mlk as

12851-408: The K–Pg boundary, the largest the Mexican Chicxulub crater whose impact was a major precipitator of the K–Pg extinction, and also the Ukrainian Boltysh crater , dated to 65.4 mya the Canadian Eagle Butte crater (though it may be younger), the Vista Alegre crater (though this may date to about 115 mya ). Silicate glass spherules along the Atlantic coast of the U.S. indicate a meteor impact in

13032-589: The Late Cretaceous became dominant trees in Patagonia, before going extinct. Some plant communities, such as those in eastern North America, were already experiencing an extinction event in the late Maastrichtian, particularly in the 1 million years before the K–Pg extinction event. The "disaster plants" that refilled the emptied landscape crowded out many Cretaceous plants, and resultantly, many went extinct by

13213-462: The Lilliputians are merely diminutive humans, whereas the Morlocks and Eloi are significantly different from us, and "live far away in an abyss of time so deep as to work an enchantment". Another reference to the creatures of The Time Machine occurs in the essay's section "Recovery, Escape, Consolation". Here it's argued that fantasy offers a legitimate means of escape from the mundane world and

13394-588: The Miocene about 24–17 mya. There is evidence that some plants and animals could migrate between India and Asia during the Paleocene, possibly via intermediary island arcs. In the modern thermohaline circulation , warm tropical water becomes colder and saltier at the poles and sinks ( downwelling or deep water formation) that occurs at the North Atlantic near the North Pole and the Southern Ocean near

13575-626: The Moe ", claiming he became their king while telling a shaggy dog story . In 2003, Peak Entertainment relaunched Monster in My Pocket with former lead villain Warlock as the hero. The new villain became Warlock's evil twin Morlock. The series was passed on by Cartoon Network and Peak's rights to Monster in My Pocket were revoked on December 22, 2004. With the series' limited distribution, it

13756-406: The Morlocks (and several other offshoots of humanity) now live. Utterly peaceful, moralistic, and highly intelligent (Nebogipfel learns English in a matter of days and is soon able to speak it fluently – with some limitations due to the Morlocks' peculiar vocal apparatus, quite different from those of humans), the only resemblance these new Morlocks have to the monstrous cannibals of the first future

13937-466: The Morlocks and adapted them to their works, often completely unassociated with The Time Machine , or were named in-universe in homage to H.G. Wells' works. The Morlocks appeared in a story by Alan Moore titled Allan and the Sundered Veil , which appeared as part of the comic book collection The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume I . In the story, the Time Traveller takes some of

14118-596: The Morlocks in the show are not simply foot soldiers; they comprise the entire group of enemies of the Power Rangers that have been led by Octomus. The Morlocks in the show are entirely unlike those in The Time Machine , except that they still live underground and are villains. These Morlocks are not portrayed as a divergent species of humanity , but instead as an ancient, evil legion who were sealed underground centuries ago. The Morlocks have finally broken

14299-455: The Morlocks. When the "Sleeper" encounters these (apparently) proto-Morlocks, he notes that they seem to be turning paler, as well as developing their own dialect of English. The Time Ships (1995), by Stephen Baxter is a canonical sequel to The Time Machine (1895) officially authorized by the Wells estate to mark the centenary of the original's publication. In its wide-ranging narrative,

14480-481: The Morning of Christ's Nativity" . Moloch appears as a child-eating fallen angel in John Milton 's epic poem Paradise Lost (1667). He is described as "horrid king besmeared with blood / Of human sacrifice, and parents’ tears" (1:392–393) and leads the procession of rebel angels. Later, Moloch is the first speaker at the council of hell and advocates for open war against heaven. Milton's description of Moloch

14661-728: The Northern Component Waters by Greenland in the Eocene—the predecessor of the AMOC—may have caused an intense warming in the North Hemisphere and cooling in the Southern, as well as an increase in deep water temperatures. In the PETM, it is possible deep water formation occurred in saltier tropical waters and moved polewards, which would increase global surface temperatures by warming the poles. Also, Antarctica

14842-642: The Outer Galaxy Region. When Superman , Green Lantern , and Flash arrive in this time after accidentally appearing in the farther future and finding a history book that details the history of Earth, they defeat the Legion of Doom as Flash uses his super-speed to place the Barlocks back in their cave. The inhabitants of Earth's capital city sees to it that the planets the Legion of Doom and the Barlocks have conquered are liberated. Homer Simpson mentions Morlocks in The Simpsons episode " Homer

15023-412: The Paleocene, especially at the end, in tandem with the increasing global temperature. At the North Pole, woody angiosperms had become the dominant plants, a reversal from the Cretaceous where herbs proliferated. The Iceberg Bay Formation on Ellesmere Island , Nunavut (latitude 75 – 80 ° N) shows remains of a late Paleocene dawn redwood forest, the canopy reaching around 32 m (105 ft), and

15204-473: The Paleocene, with a global average temperature of about 24–25 °C (75–77 °F), compared to 14 °C (57 °F) in more recent times, the Earth had a greenhouse climate without permanent ice sheets at the poles, like the preceding Mesozoic . As such, there were forests worldwide—including at the poles—but they had low species richness in regards to plant life, and were populated by mainly small creatures that were rapidly evolving to take advantage of

15385-745: The Punic and Hebrew word from the verb mlk , which he proposes meant "to own", "to possess" in Proto-Semitic , only later coming to mean "to rule"; the meaning of Moloch would thus originally have been "present", "gift", and later come to mean "sacrifice". The spelling "Moloch" follows the Greek Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate ; the spelling "Molech" or "Molek" follows the Tiberian vocalization of Hebrew, with "Molech" used in

15566-550: The Septuagint uses the name Moloch in Amos where it is not found in the Masoretic text: You even took up the tent of Moloch and the star of your god Raiphan, models of them which you made for yourselves. Additionally, some Greek manuscripts of Zephaniah 1:5 contain the name "Moloch" or "Milcom" rather than the Masoretic text's "their king," the reading also found in the standard Septuagint. Many English translations follow one or

15747-531: The South Pole, due to the increasing isolation of Antarctica, many plant taxa were endemic to the continent instead of migrating down. Patagonian flora may have originated in Antarctica. The climate was much cooler than in the Late Cretaceous, though frost probably was not common in at least coastal areas. East Antarctica was likely warm and humid. Because of this, evergreen forests could proliferate as, in

15928-902: The Thanetian is best correlated with the C26r/C26n reversal. Several economically important coal deposits formed during the Paleocene, such as the sub-bituminous Fort Union Formation in the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana, which produces 43% of American coal; the Wilcox Group in Texas, the richest deposits of the Gulf Coastal Plain ; and the Cerrejón mine in Colombia, the largest open-pit mine in

16109-495: The Time Traveller attempts to return to the world of tomorrow but instead finds that his actions have changed the future: one in which the Eloi have never manifested. Instead, the Earth is a nearly barren waste that has been abandoned in favour of a 220 million kilometres wide self-sustaining sphere around the Sun drawing its energy directly from sunlight (since it entirely encompasses the star and receives its whole energy output), where

16290-681: The Turgai route connecting Europe with Asia (which were otherwise separated by the Turgai Strait at this time). The Laramide orogeny , which began in the Late Cretaceous, continued to uplift the Rocky Mountains ; it ended at the end of the Paleocene. Because of this and a drop in sea levels resulting from tectonic activity, the Western Interior Seaway , which had divided the continent of North America for much of

16471-438: The absence of frost and a low probability of leaves dying, it was more energy efficient to retain leaves than to regrow them every year. One possibility is that the interior of the continent favored deciduous trees, though prevailing continental climates may have produced winters warm enough to support evergreen forests. As in the Cretaceous, podocarpaceous conifers, Nothofagus , and Proteaceae angiosperms were common. In

16652-474: The algae Discoaster and a diversification of Heliolithus , though the best correlation is in terms of paleomagnetism . A chron is the occurrence of a geomagnetic reversal —when the North and South poles switch polarities . Chron 1 (C1n) is defined as modern day to about 780,000 years ago, and the n denotes "normal" as in the polarity of today, and an r "reverse" for the opposite polarity. The beginning of

16833-507: The atmosphere. For the following half million years, the carbon isotope gradient—a difference in the C / C ratio between surface and deep ocean water, causing carbon to cycle into the deep sea—may have shut down. This, termed a "Strangelove ocean", indicates low oceanic productivity ; resultant decreased phytoplankton activity may have led to a reduction in cloud seeds and, thus, marine cloud brightening , causing global temperatures to increase by 6 °C ( CLAW hypothesis ). Following

17014-473: The beginning of the Paleocene and killed off 75% of species, most famously the non-avian dinosaurs. The end of the epoch was marked by the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which was a major climatic event wherein about 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon were released into the atmosphere and ocean systems, causing a spike in global temperatures and ocean acidification . In the Paleocene,

17195-510: The book, in so far as the protagonist initially believes the Eloi are the sole descendants of humanity . Later, the Morlocks are made the story's antagonists. They dwell underground beneath the English countryside of AD 802,701, maintaining ancient machines that they may or may not remember how to build. Their only access to the surface world is through a series of well-like structures that dot

17376-605: The boundary; for example, in the Williston Basin of North Dakota, an estimated 1/3 to 3/5 of plant species went extinct. The K–Pg extinction event ushered in a floral turnover; for example, the once commonplace Araucariaceae conifers were almost fully replaced by Podocarpaceae conifers, and the Cheirolepidiaceae , a group of conifers that had dominated during most of the Mesozoic but had become rare during

17557-523: The child is finally substituted with a sheep, noting that Isaac was meant to be a burnt offering. This opinion is shared by Stavrakopoulou, who also points to the sacrifice of Jephthah of his daughter as a burnt offering. Frendo, while he argues that Moloch refers to a god, accepts Stavrakopoulou's argument that the sacrifices in the tophet were originally to Yahweh. Dewrell argues that although mlk sacrifices were offered to Yahweh, they were distinct from other forms of human or child sacrifice found in

17738-762: The children of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel, that giveth of his seed unto Molech; he shall surely be put to death; the people of the land shall stone him with stones . I also will set My face against that man, and will cut him off from among his people, because he hath given of his seed unto Molech, to defile My sanctuary, and to profane My holy name. And if the people of the land do at all hide their eyes from that man, when he giveth of his seed unto Molech, and put him not to death; then I will set My face against that man, and against his family, and will cut him off, and all that go astray after him, to go astray after Molech, from among their people. In 1 Kings, Solomon

17919-571: The commentators believed Moloch sacrifice entailed. Such descriptions, as found in Nicholas of Lyra (1270–1349), derive from the rabbinical tradition. During the Reformation , on the other hand, protestant commentators such as John Calvin and Martin Luther used Moloch as a warning against falling into idolatry and to disparage Catholic practices. Jehovah's Witnesses understand Moloch as

18100-696: The continents of the Northern Hemisphere were still connected via some land bridges ; and South America, Antarctica, and Australia had not completely separated yet. The Rocky Mountains were being uplifted, the Americas had not yet joined, the Indian Plate had begun its collision with Asia, and the North Atlantic Igneous Province was forming in the third-largest magmatic event of the last 150 million years. In

18281-752: The country. Paleocene coal has been mined extensively in Svalbard , Norway, since near the beginning of the 20th century, and late Paleocene and early Eocene coal is widely distributed across the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and northern Siberia. In the North Sea, Paleocene-derived natural gas reserves, when they were discovered, totaled approximately 2.23 trillion m (7.89 trillion ft ), and oil in place 13.54 billion barrels. Important phosphate deposits—predominantly of francolite —near Métlaoui , Tunisia were formed from

18462-478: The countryside of future England. After thousands of generations of living without sunlight, the Morlocks have come to resemble troglofauna . They are described as apelike, with dull grey-to-white skin, chinless faces, large greyish-red eyes with a capacity for reflecting light , and flaxen hair on the head and back. They are stronger than the Eloi, but smaller and weaker than the average human (the Time Traveller hurt or killed some barehanded with relative ease), but

18643-404: The creatures in the novella, the Morlocks are unaccustomed to resistance and susceptible to blows. They are defeated in the end by the Eloi , who are motivated to fight back by the Time Traveller, George. The divergence between Eloi and Morlocks in this telling did not originate in a caste system, originate after a nuclear war destroyed the world August 18, 1966. The Morlocks in this film draw

18824-517: The crew discovers that the small, intelligent creatures have been overrun and destroyed by the troglodytic "Dumb-locks." In the 2014 episode of Regular Show titled "Journey to the Bottom of the Crash Pit," Mordecai, Rigby, Muscle Man and Hi-Five Ghost travel to their cave in search for a video camera, they find it in possession of the " Carlocks " instead of Morlocks, who are the first and last of

19005-404: The dark forest floor, and epiphytism where a plant grows on another plant in response to less space on the forest floor. Despite increasing density—which could act as fuel—wildfires decreased in frequency from the Cretaceous to the early Eocene as the atmospheric oxygen levels decreased to modern day levels, though they may have been more intense. There was a major die-off of plant species over

19186-431: The day. The relationship between the Morlocks and the Eloi is symbiotic : the Eloi are clothed, fed and possibly bred by the Morlocks, and the Morlocks consume the Eloi as a food source. Seeing this, the Time Traveller speculates that the relationship developed from a class distinction present in his own time: the Morlocks are descendants of the working class who were relegated to working and living underground so that

19367-472: The definition to just the Thanet Formation. The Thanetian begins a little after the mid-Paleocene biotic event —a short-lived climatic event caused by an increase in methane —recorded at Itzurun as a dark 1 m (3.3 ft) interval from a reduction of calcium carbonate . At Itzurun, it begins about 29 m (95 ft) above the base of the Selandian, and is marked by the first appearance of

19548-545: The early to middle Eocene. There is evidence of deep water formation in the North Pacific to at least a depth of about 2,900 m (9,500 ft). The elevated global deep water temperatures in the Paleocene may have been too warm for thermohaline circulation to be predominately heat driven. It is possible that the greenhouse climate shifted precipitation patterns, such that the Southern Hemisphere

19729-529: The ecosystem may have been disrupted by only a small change in climate. The warm Paleocene climate, much like that of the Cretaceous , allowed for diverse polar forests. Whereas precipitation is a major factor in plant diversity nearer the equator, polar plants had to adapt to varying light availability ( polar nights and midnight suns ) and temperatures. Because of this, plants from both poles independently evolved some similar characteristics, such as broad leaves. Plant diversity at both poles increased throughout

19910-429: The entire world. They also get support from certain treacherous 19th century humans , especially a dark wizard named Merdenne. It is also revealed that the Morlocks living in their native time (the 8,028th century) have stopped allowing the Eloi to roam free and now keep them in pens. The Morlocks are separated into two types, or castes , in the novel. One is the short, weak, stupid Grunt Morlocks, who are supposedly

20091-486: The event, probably due to a rain shadow effect causing regular monsoon seasons. Conversely, low plant diversity and a lack of specialization in insects in the Colombian Cerrejón Formation , dated to 58 mya, indicates the ecosystem was still recovering from the K–Pg extinction event 7 million years later. Flowering plants ( angiosperms ), which had become dominant among forest taxa by

20272-539: The extreme disruptions in the aftermath of the K-Pg extinction event, the relatively cool, though still greenhouse, conditions of the Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeogene Cool Interval (LKEPCI) that began in the Late Cretaceous continued. The Dan –C2 Event 65.2 mya in the early Danian spanned about 100,000 years, and was characterized by an increase in carbon, particularly in the deep sea. Since

20453-568: The fire" is mentioned, without reference to Moloch, in numerous other verses of the Bible, such as in Deuteronomy (Deuteronomy 12:31, 18:10), 2 Kings (2 Kings 16:3; 17:17; 17:31; 21:6), 2 Chronicles (2 Chronicles 28:3; 33:6), the Book of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 7:31, 19:5) and the Book of Ezekiel (Ezekiel 16:21; 20:26, 31; 23:37). Lastly, the prophet Jeremiah condemns practices associated with Moloch as showing infidelity to Yahweh : And they built

20634-535: The former southern supercontinent Gondwanaland in the Southern Hemisphere continued to drift apart, but Antarctica was still connected to South America and Australia. Africa was heading north towards Europe, and the Indian subcontinent towards Asia, which would eventually close the Tethys Ocean . The Indian and Eurasian Plates began colliding in the Paleocene, with uplift (and a land connection) beginning in

20815-496: The future again to return to Weena and the Eloi and finds that their world is now free of the Morlocks. In 2002, another film based on The Time Machine was directed by Simon Wells , the great-grandson of H. G. Wells . The Morlocks in this film, as well as the Eloi, have been changed in several major ways. The Morlocks have become physically stronger and faster, and are very ape-like now, frequently running on all fours. The movie displays three of these races: As explained by

20996-453: The greenhouse climate, and some positive feedbacks must have been active, such as some combination of cloud, aerosol, or vegetation related processes. A 2019 study identified changes in orbital eccentricity as the dominant drivers of climate between the late Cretaceous and the early Eocene. The effects of the meteor impact and volcanism 66 mya and the climate across the K–Pg boundary were likely fleeting, and climate reverted to normal in

21177-487: The image are the legend of Talos and the brazen bull built for king Phalaris of the Greek city of Acragas on Sicily . He notes that both legends, as well as that of the Minotaur, have potential associations with Semitic child sacrifice. In contrast, William Blake portrayed Moloch as an entirely humanoid idol with a winged demon soaring above in his "Flight of Moloch" one of his illustrations of Milton's poem "On

21358-570: The inscription is probably a modern forgery based on the unusual layout of the text and linguistic abnormalities, among other reasons. Among scholars who believe that Moloch refers to a form of sacrifice, debate remains as to whether the Israelite mlk sacrifices were offered to Yahweh or another deity. Armin Lange suggests that the Binding of Isaac represents a mlk -sacrifice to Yahweh in which

21539-510: The kind that the Time Traveller encountered, and the other is the Officer Morlocks, who are taller, more intelligent, speak English, and have a high rank within the Morlock invasion force. An example of the latter type is Colonel Nalga, an antagonist later in the book. These Morlocks are always described as wearing blueish spectacles, which are presumably to protect the Morlocks' sensitive, dark-adapted eyes. Some authors have adopted

21720-482: The late Danian, there was a warming event and evidence of ocean acidification associated with an increase in carbon; at this time, there was major seafloor spreading in the Atlantic and volcanic activity along the southeast margin of Greenland. The Latest Danian Event, also known as the Top Chron C27n Event, lasted about 200,000 years and resulted in a 1.6–2.8 °C increase in temperatures throughout

21901-871: The late Paleocene to the early Eocene. Impact craters formed in the Paleocene include: the Connolly Basin crater in Western Australia less than 60 mya, the Texan Marquez crater 58 mya, the Greenlandic Hiawatha Glacier crater 58 mya, and possibly the Jordan Jabel Waqf as Suwwan crater which dates to between 56 and 37 mya. Vanadium -rich osbornite from the Isle of Skye , Scotland, dating to 60 mya may be impact ejecta . Craters were also formed near

22082-491: The late Selandian and early Thanetian, organic carbon burial resulted in a period of climatic cooling, sea level fall and transient ice growth. This interval saw the highest δ O values of the epoch. The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum was an approximately 200,000-year-long event where the global average temperature rose by some 5 to 8 °C (9 to 14 °F), and mid-latitude and polar areas may have exceeded modern tropical temperatures of 24–29 °C (75–84 °F). This

22263-478: The latter spelling is incorrect because this would imply either a translation of "old recent" or a derivation from "pala" and "Eocene", which would be incorrect because the prefix palæo- uses the ligature æ instead of "a" and "e" individually, so only both characters or neither should be dropped, not just one. The Paleocene Epoch is the 10 million year time interval directly after the K–Pg extinction event , which ended

22444-469: The legend of the Minotaur . Beginning in the modern era , "Moloch" has been figuratively used in reference to a power which demands a dire sacrifice. A god Moloch appears in various works of literature and film, such as John Milton 's Paradise Lost (1667), Gustave Flaubert 's Salammbô (1862), Fritz Lang 's Metropolis (1927), and Allen Ginsberg 's " Howl " (1955). The etymology of Moloch

22625-562: The mid- Maastrichtian , more and more carbon had been sequestered in the deep sea possibly due to a global cooling trend and increased circulation into the deep sea. The Dan–C2 event may represent a release of this carbon after deep sea temperatures rose to a certain threshold, as warmer water can dissolve less carbon. Alternatively, the cause of the Dan-C2 event may have been a pulse of Deccan Traps volcanism. Savanna may have temporarily displaced forestland in this interval. Around 62.2 mya in

22806-573: The mid-Palaeocene biotic event (MPBE), also known as the Early Late Palaeocene Event (ELPE), around 59 Ma (roughly 50,000 years before the Selandian/Thanetian boundary), the temperature spiked probably due to a mass release of the deep sea methane hydrate into the atmosphere and ocean systems. Carbon was probably output for 10–11,000 years, and the aftereffects likely subsided around 52–53,000 years later. There

22987-399: The middle Cretaceous 110–90 mya, continued to develop and proliferate, more so to take advantage of the recently emptied niches and an increase in rainfall. Along with them coevolved the insects that fed on these plants and pollinated them. Predation by insects was especially high during the PETM. Many fruit-bearing plants appeared in the Paleocene in particular, probably to take advantage of

23168-432: The middle Paleocene. The strata immediately overlaying the K–Pg extinction event are especially rich in fern fossils. Ferns are often the first species to colonize areas damaged by forest fires , so this " fern spike " may mark the recovery of the biosphere following the impact (which caused blazing fires worldwide). The diversifying herb flora of the early Paleocene either represent pioneer species which re-colonized

23349-464: The mighty underground race and refuse to give it back, forcing them to steal it and escape in a worn-out car. The Carlocks give chase to try and get the camera back, but the four manage to escape the hole. Skips' truck then dumped dirt into the hole, killing them for good. In Marvel Comics , the Morlock name was used for a group of mutants that live in the sewers . In Bookworm Adventures 2 , Morlocks are instead named Troglocks and appear as enemies of

23530-507: The modern city is often described as a Moloch, an idea found also in Karl Marx ; additionally, war often comes to be described as Moloch. The Munich Cosmic Circle (c. 1900) used Moloch to describe a person operating under cold rationalism , something they viewed as causing the degeneration of Western civilization. Conservative Christians often rhetorically equate abortion with the sacrifice of children to Moloch. Bertrand Russell , on

23711-412: The moving time machine. The rest of the Morlocks are destroyed when Alexander causes his time machine to malfunction and explode in their tunnels. A 2011 television movie originally named Morlocks (renamed Time Machine: Rise of the Morlocks ) produced for Syfy , starring David Hewlett , and Robert Picardo . The plot sees a time machine open a portal to the future allowing Morlocks to travel back to

23892-451: The name Moloch has been understood as referring to a Canaanite god . However, since 1935, scholars have speculated that Moloch refers to the sacrifice itself , since the Hebrew word mlk is identical in spelling to a term that means "sacrifice" in the closely-related Punic language . This second position has grown increasingly popular, but it remains contested. Among proponents of this second position, controversy continues as to whether

24073-473: The name of no other god appears to have been formed from a qal participle, and that Geiger's proposal is "an out-of-date theory which has never received any factual support". Paul Mosca, Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia , similarly argued that "the theory that a form molek would immediately suggest to the reader or hearer the word boset (rather than qodes or ohel )

24254-459: The neutered Eloi , that run things. J. R. R. Tolkien mentioned Morlocks three times in his 1939 essay On Fairy-Stories , which discusses the genre now called fantasy . The first reference occurs where Tolkien attempts to define the genre, and he suggests that the Morlocks (and Eloi) place The Time Machine more in the genre than do the Lilliputians in Gulliver's Travels . He reasoned that

24435-604: The newly evolving birds and mammals for seed dispersal . In what is now the Gulf Coast , angiosperm diversity increased slowly in the early Paleocene, and more rapidly in the middle and late Paleocene. This may have been because the effects of the K–Pg extinction event were still to some extent felt in the early Paleocene, the early Paleocene may not have had as many open niches, early angiosperms may not have been able to evolve at such an accelerated rate as later angiosperms, low diversity equates to lower evolution rates, or there

24616-411: The oceans, the thermohaline circulation probably was much different from what it is today, with downwellings occurring in the North Pacific rather than the North Atlantic, and water density mainly being controlled by salinity rather than temperature. The K–Pg extinction event caused a floral and faunal turnover of species, with previously abundant species being replaced by previously uncommon ones. In

24797-434: The original areas the stages were defined, accessibility, and the protected status of the area due to its geological significance. The Selandian was first proposed by Danish geologist Alfred Rosenkrantz in 1924 based on a section of fossil-rich glauconitic marls overlain by gray clay which unconformably overlies Danian chalk and limestone . The area is now subdivided into the Æbelø Formation , Holmehus Formation , and

24978-439: The other hand, to the Punic mlk rite in that both involved the sacrifice of children. None of the proposed gods Moloch could be identified with are associated with human sacrifice, the god Mlk of Ugarit appears to have only received animal sacrifice, and the mlk sacrifice is never offered to a god named Mlk but rather to another deity. Brian Schmidt argues that the use of Moloch without an article at 1 Kings 11:7 and

25159-607: The other hand, used Moloch to describe a kind of cruel, primitive religion in A Freeman's Worship (1923); he then used it to attack religion more generally. The 1914 Italian film Cabiria is set in Carthage and is loosely based on Flaubert's Salammbô . The film features a bronzed, full-three dimensional statue of Moloch which is today kept in National Museum of Cinema in Turin , Italy. The titular female slave Cabiria

25340-541: The other of these variants, reading either "Moloch" or "Milcom". However, instead of "Moloch", the Septuagint translates the instances of Moloch in Leviticus as "ruler" ( ἄρχων ), and as "king" ( βασιλεύς ) at 1 Kings 11:7. The Greek version of Amos with Moloch is quoted in the New Testament and accounts for the one occurrence of Moloch there ( Acts 7:43). Before 1935, all scholars held that Moloch

25521-399: The past for the Mega Corporation, and in a video animation he can see the damage caused by his bomb. Before Perry returns to his time, he and Ariel blow up three entrances to the Morlocks' caves with plastic explosives they found in the museum. When he travels back in time to tell his company about the dramatic effects of the bomb in the future, his superiors show disinterest. Perry travels to

25702-445: The present and wreak havoc. These Morlocks are descended from a patient with terminal cancer whose father used the military time travel project to look for technology in the future as a cure. One of the first Morlocks to escape through the portal into the present is captured and has its DNA extracted. Paradoxically, it is treatment with this DNA that causes the patient to mutate into the first Morlock. Morlocks are briefly referenced by

25883-444: The proliferation of sulfate-reducing microorganisms which create highly toxic hydrogen sulfide H 2 S as a waste product. During the event, the volume of sulfidic water may have been 10–20% of total ocean volume, in comparison to today's 1%. This may have also caused chemocline upwellings along continents and the dispersal of H 2 S into the atmosphere. During the PETM there was a temporary dwarfing of mammals apparently caused by

26064-503: The proposal was officially published in 2006. The Selandian and Thanetian are both defined in Itzurun beach by the Basque town of Zumaia , 43°18′02″N 2°15′34″W  /  43.3006°N 2.2594°W  / 43.3006; -2.2594 , as the area is a continuous early Santonian to early Eocene sea cliff outcrop . The Paleocene section is an essentially complete, exposed record 165 m (541 ft) thick, mainly composed of alternating hemipelagic sediments deposited at

26245-431: The protagonist Dr. Neil Perry (played by John Beck ) travels with his time machine into the future to tell his company Mega Corporation, for which he developed an Antimatter bomb , about its future destructive impact on humanity. In the future, he witnessed the destruction of civilization, but also learns that nature has been revived from the wasteland and that some of the people who had previously sought refuge underground,

26426-416: The protagonist in reference to the zombie-like mutant antagonists of the film. In the serial Timelash episodes of the twenty-second season of Doctor Who , the Sixth Doctor takes H. G. Wells into the future where they encounter an underground-dwelling, reptilian species called the Morlox (a homophone of "Morlocks"). The Borad, an evil ruler, accidentally becomes half-Morlox before the episode. In

26607-506: The purchase than Sheldon Cooper , who seemed to think he was the only one able to grasp the full possibilities of owning such a unique piece of memorabilia. His viewpoint changed drastically though, after he experienced a series of episode-ending dreams, all featuring the infamous cannibalistic Morlock species from the classic H. G. Wells book. The first dream was him travelling to the future on 28 April 802701 and being eaten alive by three Morlocks. When he wakes up, Leonard agrees to get rid of

26788-461: The recently emptied Earth. Though some animals attained great size, most remained rather small. The forests grew quite dense in the general absence of large herbivores. Mammals proliferated in the Paleocene, and the earliest placental and marsupial mammals are recorded from this time, but most Paleocene taxa have ambiguous affinities . In the seas, ray-finned fish rose to dominate open ocean and recovering reef ecosystems. The word "Paleocene"

26969-404: The recently emptied landscape, or a response to the increased amount of shade provided in a forested landscape. Lycopods , ferns, and angiosperm shrubs may have been important components of the Paleocene understory . In general, the forests of the Paleocene were species-poor, and diversity did not fully recover until the end of the Paleocene. For example, the floral diversity of what is now

27150-494: The region at the PETM. During the Paleocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions. In the Northern Hemisphere, the former components of Laurasia (North America and Eurasia) were, at times, connected via land bridges: Beringia (at 65.5 and 58 mya) between North America and East Asia, the De Geer route (from 71 to 63 mya) between Greenland and Scandinavia , the Thulean route (at 57 and 55.8 mya) between North America and Western Europe via Greenland, and

27331-423: The regular League characters into his future world, where he has made a base out of the Morlock sphinx. The party is soon attacked by Morlocks, who are fierce, simian creatures in this story. They are physically much more powerful than Wells' creatures, although they're similar to the Hunter Morlocks from the 2002 film . Larry Niven included a version of the Morlocks in his Known Space books. They appear as

27512-445: The rich upper class could live in luxury on the surface. With time, the roles altered – the surface people grew apathetic and helpless to the point that they were no longer masters of their subterranean counterparts. However, the Morlocks must have continued to tend to the Eloi (the protagonist guesses this may at first have been out of tradition or intrinsic habit) and at some point began using them as livestock. H. G. Wells also wrote

27693-432: The sacrifices were offered to Yahweh or another deity, and whether they were a native Israelite religious custom or a Phoenician import. Since the medieval period , Moloch has often been portrayed as a bull-headed idol with outstretched hands over a fire; this depiction takes the brief mentions of Moloch in the Bible and combines them with various sources, including ancient accounts of Carthaginian child sacrifice and

27874-652: The same is true in the North Dakotan Almont/Beicegel Creek —such as Ochnaceae , Cyclocarya , and Ginkgo cranei —indicating the same floral families have characterized South American rainforests and the American Western Interior since the Paleocene. The extinction of large herbivorous dinosaurs may have allowed the forests to grow quite dense, and there is little evidence of wide open plains. Plants evolved several techniques to cope with high plant density, such as buttressing to better absorb nutrients and compete with other plants, increased height to reach sunlight, larger diaspore in seeds to provide added nutrition on

28055-551: The same way as that of the Time Traveller's era (with war being the most obvious holdover). The Morlocks' civilization includes a variety of nation-groups based on thought and ideology, in which individuals move between without conflict. All needs are met by the sphere itself, including reproduction where the newly born are "extruded" directly from the floor. These peaceful intelligent Morlocks seem also to have extraordinary resistance to disease and perhaps to radiations too, even when not in their homeworld, as stated by Nebogipfel when in

28236-415: The seal and are planning to invade Briarwood, and later the world. The term was used exclusively in promotional material and was never mentioned in the show. On the episode of The Big Bang Theory called " The Nerdvana Annihilation ," Leonard Hofstadter and his friends chipped in to buy an original time machine prop from the 1960 film classic The Time Machine . None in the group was more excited about

28417-540: The sixth book. The Carlocks instead of Morlocks also appear in the online game "Fist Punch 2" as enemies. In Deponia , Morlocks are instead names Fewlocks, but being referred to as Morlocks once and appear as enemies to the protagonists. Moloch Moloch , Molech , or Molek is a word which appears in the Hebrew Bible several times, primarily in the Book of Leviticus . The Bible strongly condemns practices that are associated with Moloch, which are heavily implied to include child sacrifice . Traditionally,

28598-540: The statue of the god. Flaubert defended his portrayal against criticism by saying it was based on the description of Carthaginian child sacrifice found in Diodorus Siculus . From the nineteenth century onward, Moloch has often been used in literature as a metaphor for some form of social, economic or military oppression, as in Charles Dickens ' novella The Haunted Man (1848), Alexander Kuprin 's novel Moloch (1896), and Allen Ginsberg 's long poem Howl (1956), where Moloch symbolizes American capitalism. Moloch

28779-434: The time machine, but he hires Morlocks to do it (called Starving Morlocks). As they eat Sheldon, he wakes up again and yells for Leonard to help him. In the 2010 episode of Futurama titled " The Late Philip J. Fry ," Bender, Farnsworth, and Fry travel to the future where they meet a society of small creatures who explain that humanity has diverged into two distinct groups through evolution. Upon returning five years later,

28960-509: The translation of Leviticus 20:5 in the Septuagint , which substitutes Greek : ἄρχοντας " archons , princes" for Moloch , implies that the biblical urtext did not include the phrase "whoring after Moloch". Bennie Reynolds further notes that at least one inscription from Tyre does appear to mention mlk sacrifice ( RES 367); therefore Day and Heider are incorrect that the practice is unattested in Canaan (Phoenicia). Reynolds also argues for further parallels. However, Dewrell argues that

29141-403: The upper limit, average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at 60° N and S would have been the same as deep sea temperatures, at 30° N and S about 23 °C (73 °F), and at the equator about 28 °C (82 °F). In the Danish Palaeocene sea, SSTs were cooler than those of the preceding Late Cretaceous and the succeeding Eocene. The Paleocene foraminifera assemblage globally indicates

29322-498: The upward excursion in temperature. The warm, wet climate supported tropical and subtropical forests worldwide, mainly populated by conifers and broad-leafed trees. In Patagonia, the landscape supported tropical rainforests , cloud rainforests , mangrove forests , swamp forests , savannas , and sclerophyllous forests. In the Colombian Cerrejón Formation , fossil flora belong to the same families as modern day flora—such as palm trees , legumes , aroids , and malvales —and

29503-416: The use of Moloch as a proper name without an article in the Septuagint may indicate that there was a tradition of a god Moloch when the Bible was originally composed. However, this god may have only existed in the imagination of the composers of the Bible rather than in historical reality. In 1935, Otto Eissfeldt proposed, on the basis of Punic inscriptions , that Moloch was a form of sacrifice rather than

29684-404: The use of children as offerings. Leviticus repeatedly forbids the practice of offering children to Moloch: And thou shalt not give any of thy seed to set them apart to Molech, neither shalt thou profane the name of thy God: I am the L ORD . The majority of the Leviticus references come from a single passage of four lines: Moreover, thou shalt say to the children of Israel: Whosoever he be of

29865-416: The world by a high- iridium band, as well as discontinuities with fossil flora and fauna. It is generally thought that a 10 to 15 km (6 to 9 mi) wide asteroid impact, forming the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico , and Deccan Trap volcanism caused a cataclysmic event at the boundary resulting in the extinction of 75% of all species. The Paleocene ended with

30046-460: The Über-Morlock when Alexander is brought to him while trying to save the Eloi Mara, the Morlocks originated from humans that sought shelter underground, after an operation demolition at constructing a colonys and mines in the Moon sent some of its fragments crashing to Earth . They remained underground for so long that they developed bodies with very little melanin in their skin and very sensitive eyes that could not tolerate sunlight for long. As

30227-449: Was Dr. Moses Nebogipfel. (The name Moses was also used in The Time Ships , though it is given to the younger version of himself that the Time Traveller meets on his journey.) In K. W. Jeter 's novel Morlock Night , the Morlocks have stolen the Time Machine and used it to invade Victorian London . These Morlocks are much more formidable than those in The Time Machine – a clever, technological race with enough power to take over

30408-400: Was a pagan deity, to whom child sacrifice was offered at the Jerusalem tophet . Some modern scholars have proposed that Moloch may be the same god as Milcom, Adad-Milki , or an epithet for Baal . G. C. Heider and John Day connect Moloch with a deity Mlk attested at Ugarit and Malik attested in Mesopotamia and proposes that he was a god of the underworld , as in Mesopotamia Malik

30589-488: Was also an Akkadian term maliku referring to the shades of the dead. The notion that Moloch is the name of a deity has been challenged for several reasons. Moloch is rarely mentioned in the Bible, is not mentioned at all outside of it, and connections to other deities with similar names are uncertain. Moreover, it is possible that some of the supposed deities named Mlk are epithets for another god, given that mlk can also mean "king". The Israelite rite conforms, on

30770-455: Was due to an ejection of 2,500–4,500 gigatons of carbon into the atmosphere, most commonly explained as the perturbation and release of methane clathrate deposits in the North Atlantic from tectonic activity and resultant increase in bottom water temperatures. Other proposed hypotheses include methane release from the heating of organic matter at the seafloor rather than methane clathrates, or melting permafrost . The duration of carbon output

30951-408: Was first used by French paleobotanist and geologist Wilhelm Philipp Schimper in 1874 while describing deposits near Paris (spelled "Paléocène" in his treatise). By this time, Italian geologist Giovanni Arduino had divided the history of life on Earth into the Primary ( Paleozoic ), Secondary ( Mesozoic ), and Tertiary in 1759; French geologist Jules Desnoyers had proposed splitting off

31132-409: Was later expressed by T. Römer (1999). Brian Schmidt, however, argues that the mention of Baal in Jeremiah 32:35 suggests that "the ruler" could have instead referred to Baal. A minority of scholars, mainly scholars of Punic studies, has argued that the ceremonies to Moloch are in fact a non-lethal dedication ceremony rather than a sacrifice. These theories are partially supported by commentary in

31313-530: Was not a major contributor to the greenhouse climate, and deep water temperatures more likely change as a response to global temperature change rather than affecting it. In the Arctic, coastal upwelling may have been largely temperature and wind-driven. In summer, the land surface temperature was probably higher than oceanic temperature, and the opposite was true in the winter, which is consistent with monsoon seasons in Asia. Open-ocean upwelling may have also been possible. The Paleocene climate was, much like in

31494-429: Was not much angiosperm migration into the region in the early Paleocene. Over the K–Pg extinction event, angiosperms had a higher extinction rate than gymnosperms (which include conifers, cycads , and relatives) and pteridophytes (ferns, horsetails , and relatives); zoophilous angiosperms (those that relied on animals for pollination) had a higher rate than anemophilous angiosperms; and evergreen angiosperms had

31675-440: Was officially defined as the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene Epochs; and the Neogene as the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs. In 1989, Tertiary and Quaternary were removed from the time scale due to the arbitrary nature of their boundary, but Quaternary was reinstated in 2009. The term "Paleocene" is a portmanteau combination of the Ancient Greek palaios παλαιός meaning "old", and the word "Eocene", and so means "the old part of

31856-439: Was one of the most significant periods of global change during the Cenozoic. Geologists divide the rocks of the Paleocene into a stratigraphic set of smaller rock units called stages , each formed during corresponding time intervals called ages. Stages can be defined globally or regionally. For global stratigraphic correlation, the ICS ratify global stages based on a Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) from

32037-417: Was shown that the Danian and the Montian are the same, the ICS decided to define the Danian as starting with the K–Pg boundary, thus ending the practice of including the Danian in the Cretaceous. In 1991, the GSSP was defined as a well-preserved section in the El Haria Formation near El Kef , Tunisia, 36°09′13″N 8°38′55″E  /  36.1537°N 8.6486°E  / 36.1537; 8.6486 , and

32218-425: Was still connected to South America and Australia, and, because of this, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current —which traps cold water around the continent and prevents warm equatorial water from entering—had not yet formed. Its formation may have been related in the freezing of the continent. Warm coastal upwellings at the poles would have inhibited permanent ice cover. Conversely, it is possible deep water circulation

32399-413: Was the Command Line , he demonstrates similarities between the future in The Time Machine and contemporary American culture. He claims that most Americans have been exposed to a "corporate monoculture" which renders them "unwilling to make judgments and incapable of taking stands." Anyone who remains outside of this "culture" is left with powerful tools to deal with the world, and it is they, rather than

32580-446: Was unlikely that biblical commentators had misunderstood an earlier term for a sacrifice as a deity and that Leviticus 20:5's mention of "whoring after Moloch" necessarily implied that Moloch was a god. Day and Heider nevertheless accepted that mlk was a sacrificial term in Punic, but argue that it did not originate in Phoenicia and that it was not brought back to Phoenicia by the Punic diaspora. More recently, Anthony Frendo argues that

32761-436: Was wetter than the Northern, or the Southern experienced less evaporation than the Northern. In either case, this would have made the Northern more saline than the Southern, creating a density difference and a downwelling in the North Pacific traveling southward. Deep water formation may have also occurred in the South Atlantic. It is largely unknown how global currents could have affected global temperature. The formation of

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