The Shenzhen New Century Liebao Club , also known as Shenzhen Marco Polo or Shenzhen Leopards (previously Shenzhen Aviators ) are a Chinese professional basketball team which plays in the Southern Division of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). New Century is the club's corporate sponsor.
157-642: The team is based in Futian District, Shenzhen , Guangdong , and plays its home games at Shenzhen Gymnasium . The club was founded in 2003 as Dongguan New Century Leopards and was initially located in Dongguan , Guangdong . After twelve seasons, the team relocated to nearby Shenzhen in 2015. Success came early in their existence for the Leopards, as they were the runners-up in the 2004 Chinese Basketball League (CBL) championship, and were promoted to
314-598: A development plan for the Pearl River Delta in January 2009; on March 19 of the same year, the Guangzhou and Foshan municipal governments agreed to establish a framework to merge the two cities. In 2014, Luogang merged into Huangpu and both Conghua and Zengcheng counties were upgraded to districts. On 16 June 2022 an EF2 tornado struck the city , causing major power outages and knocking out power to
471-649: A general supportive of the Wuhan faction, seized Canton and installed Wang Jingwei 's faction in the city, the communists saw an opening and launched the Guangzhou Uprising . Prominent communist military leaders Ye Ting and Ye Jianying led the failed defense of the city. Soon, control of the city reverted to Li Jishen . Li Jishen was deposed during a war between Chiang and the New Guangxi Clique . By 1929, Chen Jitang had established himself as
628-413: A high urban population make Shenzhen a large port megacity . The logistics industry accounts for around 10.1 percent (178.27 billion RMB) of the city's nominal GDP in 2015, which was an increase of 9.4 percent. Shenzhen Port's first foreign trade blockchain cargo release platform was launched recently. Shenzhen had prioritized the cultural industry in according to the 13th Five-Year Plan, establishing
785-647: A huge influx of refugees trying to escape to Hong Kong from the upheavals that were occurring in mainland China , and a range from 100,000 to 560,000 refugees resided in the county. In January 1978, a Central Inspection Team sent by the State Council investigated and established the issue of creating a foreign trade port in Bao'an County. In May, the investigation team wrote the "Hong Kong and Macao Economic Investigation Report" and proposed to turn Bao'an County and Zhuhai into commodity export bases. In August 1978,
942-516: A political compromise that reunited all factions. While the intraparty division was resolved, Chen kept his power until he was defeated by Chiang in 1936. During the WW2 , the " Canton Operation " subjected the city to Japanese occupation by the end of December 1938. Amid the closing months before total Communist victory, Guangzhou briefly served as the capital of the Republican government. Guangzhou
1099-523: A population of 30,000. In May 1980 the Central Committee designated Shenzhen as the first SEZ in China, which was promoted by then- paramount leader Deng Xiaoping as part of China's reform and opening-up . Its objective is to be an experimental ground for the practice of market capitalism within a community guided by the ideals of socialism with Chinese characteristics . On 26 August,
1256-614: A professional player. - Played at least one official international match for his senior national team at any time. This article about a basketball team in China is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Shenzhen Shenzhen is a city in Guangdong , China. A special economic zone , it is located on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of Guangdong, bordering Hong Kong to
1413-544: A rather polluted city. After green urban planning was implemented, it is now one of the most livable cities in China. Zhujiang New Town is the central business district of Guangzhou in the 21st century. It covers 6.44 km in Tianhe District . Multiple financial institutions are headquartered in this area. The Canton Fair , formally the "China Import and Export Fair", is held every year in April and October by
1570-415: A study by Oxford Economics, and its nominal GDP per capita will reach above $ 42,000 in 2030. Guangzhou also ranks 21st globally (between Washington, D.C., and Amsterdam) and 8th in the whole Asia & Oceania region (behind Shanghai, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, Shenzhen and Dubai) in the 2020 Global Financial Centers Index (GFCI). Owing to rapid industrialization, it was once also considered
1727-691: A sub-provincial city, the National People's Congress (NPC) in 1981 granted legislative powers to Shenzhen and other Special Economic Zones, giving the city the privilege to make its own laws and regulations. The Standing Committee of the NPC also granted Shenzhen voted and passed the "Decision on Authorizing the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and its Standing Committee and the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government to respectively formulate laws and regulations for implementation in
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#17328013732531884-607: A successful offense against his cousin Zhu Youlang but was deposed and executed on January 20, 1647, when the Ming turncoat Li Chengdong ( 李 成 棟 ) sacked the city on behalf of the Qing . The Qing became somewhat more receptive to foreign trade after gaining control of Taiwan in 1683. The Portuguese from Macau and Spaniards from Manila returned, as did private Muslim, Armenian , and English traders. From 1699 to 1714,
2041-429: A year, ultimately executed 23 by lingchi . With the help of local pirates, the " Folangji " then carried out smuggling at Macao , Lampacau , and St John's Island (now Shangchuan ), until Leonel de Sousa legalized their trade with bribes to Admiral Wang Bo ( 汪 柏 ) and the 1554 Luso-Chinese Accord . The Portuguese undertook not to raise fortifications and to pay customs dues; three years later, after providing
2198-716: Is Han Chinese . Almost all Cantonese people speak Cantonese as their first language, while most migrants speak forms of Mandarin . In 2010, each language was the native tongue of roughly half of the city's population, although minor but substantial numbers speak other varieties as well. In 2018, He Huifeng of the South China Morning Post stated that younger residents have increasingly favored using Mandarin instead of Cantonese in their daily lives, causing their Cantonese-speaking grandparents and parents to use Mandarin to communicate with them. He Huifeng stated that factors included local authorities discouraging
2355-629: Is 2.828 billion cubic meters. The southern river network area is in the tidal influence area, with large runoff and a strong tidal effect. The three major entrances of the Pearl River, Humen, Jiaomen, and Hongqili, enter the Lingding Ocean and exit the South China Sea in the south of Guangzhou City. The annual high tide volume is 271 billion cubic meters and the annual ebb tide volume is 408.8 billion cubic meters. The annual runoff of
2512-538: Is 74,400 hectares, accounting for 10.05% of the city's land area. The main rivers include Beijiang, Dongjiang North Mainstream, Zengjiang, Liuxi River, Baini River, Pearl River Guangzhou Reach, Shiqiao Waterway, and Shawan Waterway. Beijiang, The Dongjiang River flows through Guangzhou City and merges with the Pearl River to flow into the sea. The local average total water resources is 7.979 billion cubic meters, including 7.881 billion cubic meters of surface water and 1.487 billion cubic meters of groundwater. Calculated based on
2669-547: Is considered one of the most prosperous cities in China. Guangzhou ranks 10th in the world and 5th in China (after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen) in terms of the number of billionaires according to the Hurun Global Rich List 2020. Guangzhou is projected to be among the world top 10 largest cities in terms of nominal GDP in 2035 (together with Shanghai , Beijing and Shenzhen in China) according to
2826-670: Is considered the paradigmatic example of the 1980s approach to urbanization. In December 1990, under the authority of the China Securities Regulatory Commission , the Shenzhen Stock Exchange was established to provide a platform for centralized securities trading. In February 1992, the Standing Committee of the NPC granted the government of Shenzhen the power to make local laws and regulations. In 1996 and early 1997,
2983-423: Is dry. The annual precipitation averages at around 1,933 mm (76 in), some of which is delivered in typhoons that strike from the east during summer and early autumn. Extreme temperatures have ranged from 0.2 °C (32 °F) on 11 February 1957 to 38.7 °C (102 °F) on 10 July 1980. Like all governing institutions in mainland China , Shenzhen has a parallel party-government system, in which
3140-516: Is estimated that in Zengcheng district and Huadu district of Guangzhou, Hakka speakers account for about 40 percent and a third of the district's population. Recent years have seen a huge influx of migrants, with up to 30 million additional migrants living in the Guangzhou area for at least six months out of every year with the majority being female migrants and many becoming local Guangzhou people. This huge influx of people from other areas, called
3297-401: Is highly ranked as an Alpha (global first-tier) city together with San Francisco and Stockholm. It is a major Asia-Pacific finance hub, ranking 21st globally in the 2020 Global Financial Centres Index . As an important international city, Guangzhou has hosted numerous international and national sporting events, the most notable being the 2010 Asian Games , the 2010 Asian Para Games , and
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#17328013732533454-443: Is located in the water-rich area of southern China, it has a wide water area with many rivers and water systems, accounting for 10% of the total land area. The rivers and streams improve the landscape and keep the ecological environment of the city stable. The main characteristics of Guangzhou's water resources are that there are relatively few local water resources and relatively abundant transit water resources. The city's water area
3611-704: Is now Dongguan city, although a military garrison remained. During the Song dynasty , Nantou and the surrounding area became an important trade hub for salt and spices in the South China Sea . The area then became known for producing pearls during the Yuan dynasty . In the early Ming era, Chinese sailors of a fleet would go to a Mazu temple in Chiwan (in present-day Nanshan District ) to pray as they go to Nanyang ( Southeast Asia ). The Battle of Tunmen , when
3768-542: Is now among those of the cities with the ten largest economies in the world. Shenzhen also has the eighth most competitive and largest financial center in the world, the seventh-most Fortune Global 500 headquarters, fifth-highest number of billionaires , the second largest number of skyscrapers , the 19th largest scientific research output , and several higher education institutions , including Shenzhen University , Southern University of Science and Technology , and Shenzhen Technology University . Shenzhen railway station
3925-435: Is over 28 million after including the population of the adjacent Hong Kong Special Administrative Region . The area's fast-growing economy and high demand for labor has produced a huge "floating population" of migrant workers ; thus, up to 10 million migrants reside in the area least six months each year. In 2008, about five million of Guangzhou's permanent residents were hukouless migrants. Most of Guangzhou's population
4082-708: Is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast south to the tip of India via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its rail connections to Central Europe and the North Sea . As of August 2023, Shenzhen has the seventh-most Fortune Global 500 headquarters of any city in the world and
4239-479: Is set against the backdrop of the classic novel, Journey to the West . Guangzhou Guangzhou , previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow , is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China . Located on the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) north of Macau , Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and
4396-547: Is the center of origin and variety of lychee, longan, yellow skin, black (white) olive, and so on. Vegetables are known for their high quality and variety, with 15 major categories, 127 species, and more than 370 varieties. Flowers include fresh cut flowers (fresh cut flowers, fresh cut leaves, fresh cut branches), potted plants (potted flowers, bonsai, flower bed plants), ornamental seedlings, edible and medicinal flowers, industrial and other uses of flowers, lawns, seedlings, etc. More than 3,000 traditional varieties and in recent years
4553-503: Is the main manufacturing hub of the Pearl River Delta , one of mainland China 's leading commercial and manufacturing regions. In 2021, its GDP reached ¥2,823 billion (US$ 444.37 billion in nominal), making it the 2nd largest economy in the South-Central China region after Shenzhen . Guangzhou's GDP (nominal) was $ 444.37 billion in 2021, exceeding that Guangzhou's per capita was ¥151,162 ($ 23,794 in nominal). Guangzhou
4710-511: Is usually taken as a simple reference to the area's fine greenery. The English name "Canton" derived from Portuguese Cidade de Cantão , a blend of dialectal pronunciations of "Guangdong" (e.g., Cantonese Gwong2-dung1 ). Although it originally and chiefly applied to the walled city, it was occasionally conflated with Guangdong by some authors. It was adopted as the Postal Map Romanization of Guangzhou, and remained
4867-564: The 2011 Summer Universiade and the China Hi-Tech Fair. A large portion of Shenzhen's population are migrants from all over China, and the city's population structure skews younger than most places in China. The earliest known recorded mention of the name chen could date from 1410, during the Ming dynasty . Locals call the drains in paddy fields "Zhen" ( Chinese : 圳 ; lit. 'ditch', 'drain'). Shenzhen
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5024-603: The 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup . The city hosts 65 foreign representatives , making it the major city hosting the third most foreign representatives in China, after Beijing and Shanghai. As of 2020, Guangzhou ranked 10th in the world and 5th in China—after Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong and Shenzhen—for the number of billionaire residents by the Hurun Global Rich List. Guangzhou is a research and development hub ranking 8th globally as well as 4th in
5181-683: The 26th Universiade , an international multi-sport event organized for university athletes. In April 2015, the Shekou Industrial Zone and the Qianhai Zone were integrated within the newly established Guangdong Free-Trade Zone . On 18 August 2019 the central government in Beijing unveiled reform plans covering economic, social, and political sectors of Shenzhen, labeling Shenzhen a pilot demonstration zone for socialism with Chinese characteristics. Shenzhen roughly follows
5338-674: The CCP Committee Secretary , officially termed the Chinese Communist Party Shenzhen Municipal Committee Secretary, outranks the Mayor. The CCP committee acts as the top policy-formulation body, and is typically composed of 12 members (including the secretary). Despite being a sub-provincial city , Shenzhen as a SEZ still wields a lot of autonomy from the central government. In addition to being promoted to
5495-614: The Chinese Basketball Association (CBA) for the 2005–06 season. In its first season in the CBA in 2005–06, Dongguan finished in seventh and last place in the South Division, and was out of the playoffs. The team would soon battle its way to respectability, however, becoming somewhat regular participants in the CBA's postseason over the ensuing years. In July 2011, NBA point guard Jeremy Lin played for
5652-560: The Eastern Jin administration split up Nanhai and established a new Dongguan Commandery [ zh ] (东官郡). The seat of both the commandery and Bao'an County, one of its six counties, was located around the modern town of Nantou. In 590, the Sui administration merged the region back into Nanhai. In 757, the Tang administration renamed the county Dongguan, and moved its seat to what
5809-813: The French and British East India Companies sent a ship or two each year; the Austrian Ostend General India Co. arrived in 1717, the Dutch East India Co. in 1729, the Danish Asiatic Co. in 1731, and the Swedish East India Co. the next year. These were joined by the occasional Prussian or Trieste Company vessel. The first independent American ship arrived in 1784, and the first colonial Australian one in 1788. By that time, Guangzhou
5966-613: The Guangdong–Hankou Railway was awarded to the American China Development Co. in 1898. It completed its branch line west to Foshan and Sanshui before being engulfed in a diplomatic crisis after a Belgian consortium bought a controlling interest and the Qing subsequently canceled its concession. J.P. Morgan was awarded millions in damages and the line to Wuchang was not completed until 1936 and
6123-468: The Hongwu Emperor 's declaration of the Ming dynasty , he reversed his earlier support of foreign trade and imposed the first of a series of sea bans ( 海禁 ). These banned private foreign trade upon penalty of death for the merchant and exile for his family and neighbors. Previous maritime intendancies of Guangzhou, Quanzhou , and Ningbo were closed in 1384 and legal trade became limited to
6280-750: The Huiyang District Committee reported to the Provincial Committee on the "Report on the Request for the Change of Bao'an County to Shenzhen". On 18 October, the Standing Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee decided to change Bao'an County into Bao'an City and to turn it into a medium-level prefecture-level city with a foreign trade base. The Huiyang District Committee and
6437-750: The Lo Wu Bridge in Shenzhen, though this was detonated by the British, preventing the Japanese from entering Hong Kong. In 1953, four years after the founding of the People's Republic of China , the Bao'an County government decided to move to Shenzhen, since the town was closer to the KCR and had a larger economy than Nantou. From the 1950s to the end of the 1970s, Shenzhen and the rest of Bao'an County oversaw
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6594-632: The Ministry of Trade . Inaugurated in the spring of 1957, the fair is a major event for the city. It is the trade fair with the longest history, highest level, and largest scale in China. From the 104th session onwards, the fair moved to the new Guangzhou International Convention and Exhibition Center ( 广州 国际 会展 中心 ) in Pazhou , from the older complex in Liuhua. The GICEC is served by two stations on Line 8 and three stations on Tram Line THZ1 . Since
6751-562: The Opium Wars , the southern portion of Bao'an County was occupied by the British government and became part of British Hong Kong , while the village of Shenzhen was next to the border. Shenzhen turned into a city in 1979. In the early 1980s, economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in the city becoming the first special economic zone of China due to its close proximity to Hong Kong, attracting foreign direct investment and migrants searching for opportunities. In thirty years,
6908-411: The Pearl River Delta , bordering Hong Kong to the south, Huizhou to the north and northeast, Dongguan to the north and northwest. Lingdingyang and Pearl River to the west and Mirs Bay to the east and roughly 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of the provincial capital of Guangzhou . As of the end of 2017, the resident population of Shenzhen was 12,528,300, of which the registered population
7065-666: The Peasant Movement Training Institute in the city, of which Mao Zedong was a director for one term. Sun and his military commander Chiang used Soviet funds and weapons to build an armed force staffed by communist commissars, training its cadres in the Whampoa Military Academy . In August, the fledgling army suppressed the Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising . The next year the anti-imperialist May Thirtieth Movement swept
7222-798: The Second Battle of Chuenpi in 1841, the Treaty of Nanking was signed between Sir Robert Peel on behalf of Queen Victoria and Lin Zexu on behalf of Emperor Xuanzong and has ceded Hong Kong to the United Kingdom on 26 January 1841 after the agreement of the Convention of Chuenpi . Guangzhou is at the center of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area , the most populous built-up metropolitan area in
7379-631: The Shenzhen Guesthouse Hotel in Shenzhen was home to the Provisional Legislative Council and Provisional Executive Council of Hong Kong in preparation for the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. By 2001, as a result of Shenzhen's increasing economic prospects, increasing numbers of migrants from mainland China chose to go to Shenzhen and stay there instead of trying to illegally cross into Hong Kong. There were 9,000 captured border-crossers in 2000, while
7536-632: The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) approved the "Regulations of the Guangdong Special Economic Zone." In March 1981 Shenzhen was promoted to a sub-provincial division . There were plans for Shenzhen to develop its currency, but the plans were shelved due to the risk and the disagreement that a country should not be operating with two currencies. To enforce law and order in
7693-458: The Yantian International Container Terminals , the Chiwan Container Terminals, the container terminals of the Shekou Industrial Zone , the China Merchants Port , and Shenzhen Haixing . The Port of Shenzhen is therefore capable of handled a record volume of containerization . With rising trade increased cargo shipments in 2005, the container port was ranked as the world's fourth-busiest container port . High port traffic levels combined with
7850-417: The Yuegui Wars . On June 16, 1922, Sun was ousted in a coup and fled on the warship Yongfeng after Chen sided with the Zhili Clique 's Beijing government . In the following months Sun mounted a counterattack into Guangdong by rallying supporters from Yunnan and Guangxi, and in January established a government in the city for the third time. From 1923 to 1926, Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang (KMT) used
8007-500: The death penalty with a two-year reprieve for accepting bribes up to US$ 5.4 million. Shenzhen has direct jurisdiction over nine administrative Districts and one New District : Shenzhen was originally Bao'an County . On 5 March 1979, the State Council of the People's Republic of China dissolved the county and set up the city of Shenzhen in its place initially with six districts: Luohu ( 罗湖 ), Nantou ( 南头 ), Songgang ( 松岗 ), Longhua ( 龙华 ), Longgang ( 龙岗 ), and Kuiyong ( 葵涌 ), with
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#17328013732538164-516: The fall of the Qin , General Zhao Tuo established the kingdom of Nanyue and made Panyu its capital in 204 BC. It remained independent throughout the Chu-Han Contention , although Zhao negotiated recognition of his independence in exchange for his nominal submission to the Han in 196 BC. Archeological evidence shows that Panyu was an expansive commercial center: in addition to items from central China, archeologists have found remains originating from Southeast Asia , India, and even Africa. Zhao Tuo
8321-544: The tribute delegations sent to or by official representatives of foreign governments. Following the Portuguese conquest of the Melaka Sultanate , Rafael Perestrello traveled to Guangzhou as a passenger on a native junk in 1516. His report induced Fernão Pires de Andrade to sail to the city with eight ships the next year, but De Andrade's exploration was understood as spying and his brother Simão and others began attempting to monopolize trade, enslaving Chinese women and children, engaging in piracy, and fortifying
8478-440: The world's busiest airport by passenger traffic in 2020. Guangzhou is the fifth most populous city by urban resident population in China after Shanghai, Beijing , Shenzhen and Chongqing . In modern commerce, Guangzhou is best known for its annual Canton Fair , the oldest and largest trade fair in China. For three consecutive years (2013–2015), Forbes ranked Guangzhou as the best commercial city in mainland China. Guangzhou
8635-452: The "Regulations on Vigorously Developing Foreign Trade to Increase Foreign Exchange Income" and agreed to pilot the first special economic zones (SEZ) in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, and Xiamen . In November, Shenzhen was elevated to the status of prefecture-level city at the regional level by the Guangdong provincial administration. Hundreds of small villages nearby, such as Yumin Cun, were incorporated into Shenzhen. In 1980, Shenzhen had
8792-495: The 104th session, the Canton Fair has been arranged in three phases instead of two phases. Guangzhou is a hub for international businesses. According to an article by China Briefing, over 30,000 foreign-invested companies had settled in Guangzhou by 2018, including 297 Fortune Global 500 companies with projects and 120 Fortune Global 500 companies with headquarters or regional headquarters in the city. The 2010 census found Guangzhou's population to be 12.78 million. As of 2014 , it
8949-530: The 19th century, most of the city's buildings were still only one or two stories. However, there were notable exceptions such as the Flower Pagoda of the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees , and the guard tower known as the Five-Story Pagoda . The subsequently urbanized northern hills were bare and covered with traditional graves. The brick city walls were about 6 mi (10 km) in circumference, 25 ft (8 m) high, and 20 ft (6 m) wide. Its eight main gates and two water gates all held guards during
9106-418: The 2020 census, the registered population of the city's expansive administrative area was 18,676,605 individuals (up 47 percent from the previous census in 2010), of whom 16,492,590 lived in 9 urban districts (all but Conghua and Zengcheng ). Due to worldwide travel restrictions at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic , Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport , the major airport of Guangzhou, briefly became
9263-418: The Asia-Pacific region, and is home to numerous Double First-Class Universities , including Sun Yat-sen University . Guǎngzhōu is the official romanization of the Chinese name 广州 . The name of the city is taken from the ancient Guǎng Prefecture after it had become the prefecture's seat of government. The character 廣 or 广 means 'broad' or 'expansive'. Before acquiring its current name,
9420-449: The Bao'an County Committee, however, defended the change to rename Bao'an County to Shenzhen, claiming that people in the world know more about Shenzhen and its port than they know about Bao'an County. On 23 January 1979, the Guangdong provincial administration and the district of Huiyang announced their proposal to rename Bao'an County to Shenzhen and was approved and put into effect by the State Council on March 5 of that year. Also,
9577-443: The China International High-tech Achievements Fair, which showcases high-tech products and provides for dialogue and investment for high-tech. As a result, Shenzhen is dubbed by media outlets as "China's Silicon Valley " or the "Silicon Valley of Hardware" for the world. Shenzhen is home to a number of large financial institutions, such as China Merchants Bank and Ping An Insurance and its subsidiary Ping An Bank . Since
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#17328013732539734-418: The Chinese with assistance suppressing their former pirate allies, the Portuguese were permitted to warehouse their goods at Macau instead of Guangzhou itself. In October 1646, the Longwu Emperor 's brother, Zhu Yuyue fled by sea to Guangzhou, the last stronghold of the Ming empire . On December 11, he declared himself the Shaowu Emperor, borrowing his imperial regalia from local theater troupes. He led
9891-405: The Guangdong province that houses Guangzhou has more than 130 boys for every 100 girls. Guangzhou also possesses a large resident population who are Hakka people . There are seven administrative districts in Guangzhou with a considerable Hakka population: Zengcheng District , Huadu District , Conghua District , Baiyun District , Tianhe District , Yuexiu District and Panyu District . It
10048-465: The Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences researcher Peng Peng, the city is almost at its maximum capacity of just 15 million, which means the city is facing a great strain, mostly due to a high population of unregistered people. According to the 2000 National Census, marriage is one of the top two reasons for permanent migration and is particularly important for women as 29.3% of the permanent female migrants migrate for marriage [Liang et al.,2004]. Many of
10205-414: The Guangzhou People's Intermediate Court charged former Shenzhen Deputy Mayor Wang Ju with bribery and abuse of power and sentenced him to 20 years in prison. In June 2005, the Shenzhen People's Intermediate Court charged sentenced Luohu District Public Security Director An Huijun to 15 years in prison for accepting bribes. In May 2011, the Zhengzhou Intermediate Court sentenced former mayor Xu Zongheng to
10362-422: The Ming won a naval battle against invading Portuguese , was fought south of Nantou. To prevent a rebellion from Ming loyalists under Zheng Chenggong , better known as Koxinga, on the Chinese coast, the recently established Qing administration resettled coastal residents inland and re-organized coastal counties. As a result, Bao'an County lost two-thirds of its territory to the neighboring Dongguan and
10519-601: The Shenzhen Fashion Creative Industry Association (深圳市时尚文化创意协会) and planning the 4.6 square-kilometer Dalang Fashion Valley (大浪时尚创意城). On 7 December 2008, UNESCO approved Shenzhen's entrance into the Creative Cities Network , and awarded the Shenzhen the title of "United Nations Design Capital." Altogether, the cultural industry in turn contributes to 5.8 percent (102.116 billion RMB) of Shenzhen's economy in 2015. Shenzhen-based video game developer Game Science released Black Myth: Wukong , which achieved significant commercial success on its August 20, 2024 release. The game
10676-466: The Shenzhen Special Economic Zone" in order to give fully strengthen Shenzhen's legislative powers without interference from the central government. There were several cases of high-ranking Shenzhen officials that were arrested on charges relating to corruption. In December 2002, the Shenzhen People's Intermediate Court sentenced Zhao Yucun, former Commissioner of Shenzhen Customs, to life imprisonment for taking bribes of 9 million RMB . In November 2003,
10833-436: The Soviet Union, leaving the pro-communist Wang Jingwei in charge. Opposing communist encroachment, the right-wing Western Hills Group vowed to expel the communists from the KMT. The " Canton Coup " on March 20, 1926, saw Chiang solidify his control over the Nationalists and their army against Wang Jingwei , the party's left wing, its Communist allies, and its Soviet advisors. By May, he had ended civilian control of
10990-404: The State Council dissolved the "second line," and expanded the Shenzhen SEZ to include all districts, a five-fold increase over its pre-expansion size. On 26 August 2010, on the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Shenzhen SEZ, the State Council approved the "Overall Development Plan for Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Modern Service Industry Cooperation Zone." In August 2011, the city hosted
11147-410: The State Council, Shenzhen re-organized Longhua New District as Longhua District and Pingshan New District as Pingshan District on 11 October 2016 and Guangming New District as Guangming District on 24 May 2018, therefore becoming their own jurisdictions. Shenzhen was the first of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) to be established by then paramount leader Deng Xiaoping . Back to Apr 1979, Shenzhen
11304-472: The United Kingdom, and leased the New Territories from Xin'an to the United Kingdom for 99 years. Xin'an was briefly occupied by a British force under the command of Henry Arthur Blake , the governor of Hong Kong , for half a year in 1899. From the 3,076 square kilometres (1,188 sq mi) of territory that Xin'an held before the treaties, 1,055.61 square kilometres (407.57 sq mi) of
11461-471: The administrative boundaries of the historical Bao'an County . The southern portion of Bao'an County became part of British Hong Kong after the Opium Wars , while the village of Shenzhen was on the border. Shenzhen railway station was the last stop on the mainland Chinese section of the Kowloon–Canton Railway , and Shenzhen's economy grew and it became a city by 1979. Shenzhen is located within
11618-485: The amount of local water resources and the permanent population counted in the sixth census in 2010, there are 1.0601 million cubic meters of water resources per square kilometer, with an average of 628 cubic meters per capita, which is one-half of the country's per capita water resources. The amount of water resources for transit passengers is 186.024 billion cubic meters, which is 23 times the total local water resources. The passenger water resources are mainly concentrated in
11775-901: The annual mean is 22.4 °C (72.3 °F). Autumn, from October to December, is very moderate, cool and windy, and is the best travel time. The relative humidity is approximately 76 percent, whereas annual rainfall in the metropolitan area is over 1,950 mm (77 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 17 percent in March to 51 percent in October, the city receives 1,559 hours of bright sunshine annually, considerably less than nearby Shenzhen and Hong Kong . Extreme temperatures have ranged from 0 °C (32 °F) on 11 February 1957 and 23 December 1999 to 39.1 °C (102.4 °F) on 1 July 2004, though an unofficial record low of −5.0 °C (23.0 °F), in which modern meteorologists believe it to be −3.0 °C (26.6 °F)
11932-735: The area are in short supply, sporadically distributed, small in scale, and unstable in grade. , Despite being located just south of the Tropic of Cancer , Guangzhou has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ) influenced by the East Asian monsoon . Summers are wet with high temperatures, high humidity, and a high heat index . Winters are mild and comparatively dry. Guangzhou has a lengthy monsoon season, spanning from April through September. Monthly averages range from 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) in January to 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) in July, while
12089-593: The area that is now Shenzhen over 600 years ago. The Hakka people also have a history in Shenzhen since 300 years ago when they first immigrated. In 214 BC, when Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified China under the Qin dynasty , the area was submitted to the jurisdiction of the established Nanhai Commandery , one of the three commanderies that were set up in Lingnan , and was assimilated into Zhongyuan culture. In 331 AD,
12246-413: The banks of the Pearl River to adjust the city's boat people to life on land. Since the 1980s, the city's close proximity to Hong Kong and Shenzhen and its ties to overseas Chinese made it one of the first beneficiaries of China's opening up under Deng Xiaoping . Beneficial tax reforms in the 1990s also helped the city's industrialization and economic development. The municipality was expanded in
12403-441: The boats of fishers, traders, and Tanka ("boat people") almost entirely concealed the riverbank for about 4 mi (6 km). It was common for homes to have a storefront facing the street and to treat their courtyards as a kind of warehouse. The city was part of a network of signal towers so effective that messages could be relayed to Beijing —about 1,200 mi (1,931 km) away—in less than 24 hours. The Canton System
12560-466: The city and the surrounding Guangdong province or migrants from other provinces, which shows how much importance the Cantonese language still has in the city despite the strict policy rules from the government to be using Mandarin as the country's official language. Guangzhou has an even more unbalanced gender ratio than the rest of the country. While most areas of China have 112–120 boys per 100 girls,
12717-489: The city as a base to prosecute a renewed revolution in China by conquering the warlords in the north. Although Sun was previously dependent on opportunistic warlords who hosted him in the city, with the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, the KMT developed its own military power to serve its ambition. The Canton years saw the evolution of the KMT into a revolutionary movement with a strong military focus and ideological commitment, setting
12874-567: The city limits with a total capacity of 525 million tonnes. Notable rivers in Shenzhen include the Shenzhen River , Maozhou River and Longgang River. Although Shenzhen is situated about a degree south of the Tropic of Cancer , due to the Siberian anticyclone it has a warm, monsoon -influenced, humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cwa ) though it is fairly close to a Tropical one. Winters are mild and relatively dry, due in part to
13031-707: The city merged Shekou Management Area and Nantou Management Area to form the Nanshan District , renamed Shangbu Management Area to the Futian District , and merged Luohu Management Area and Shatoujiao Management Area to form the Luohu District . In December 1992, Bao'an County was dissolved again, with its area taken by Shenzhen and split into two new districts: Bao'an District and Longgang District , though economic privileges within special economics zones did not pertain to them as they were outside
13188-624: The city on 30 October 758 and in revenge thousands of Arabs and Persians were killed by Chinese rebels in the Yangzhou massacre (760) . In the Guangzhou massacre about 200,000 Arab, Persian and other foreigners were killed by Chinese rebel Huang Chao in 878, along with the city's Jews , Christians , and Parsis . The port was closed for fifty years after its destruction. Amid the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms that followed
13345-484: The city receives 1,853 hours of bright sunshine annually. The monsoon reaches its peak intensity in the summer months, when the city also experiences very humid and hot conditions. Despite this, extreme heat is rare, there are only 2.4 days of 35 °C (95 °F)+ temperatures. The region is prone to torrential rain as well, with 9.7 days that have 50 mm (1.97 in) or more of rain, and 2.2 days of at least 100 mm (3.94 in). The latter portion of autumn
13502-661: The city would establish six districts: Luohu , Nantou, Songgang, Longhua , Longgang and Kuiyong. On 31 January 1979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party approved a plan to establish the Shekou Industrial Zone in Shenzhen with the purpose "to lead domestic, overseas, and diversified operations, industrial and commercial integration, and trading" based on the systems of that of Hong Kong and Macau . The Shekou Industrial Zone project
13659-642: The city's economy and population boomed and has since emerged as a hub for technology, international trade, and finance. Shenzhen is the home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange , one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization and the Guangdong Free-Trade Zone . Shenzhen is ranked as an Alpha- ( global first-tier ) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Its nominal GDP has surpassed those of its neighboring cities of Guangzhou and Hong Kong and
13816-619: The city's establishment as a SEZ, a number of foreign banks had established offices in the city, including Citibank , HSBC , Standard Chartered , and Bank of East Asia . In total, the financial industry accounts for 14.5% of the city's nominal GDP in 2015 (254.282 billion RMB), which was a 15.9% increase over the previous year. By the end of 2016, the total assets of the financial industry amounted to 12.7 trillion RMB (banking industry assets were 7.85 trillion RMB, security companies assets were 1.25 trillion RMB, and insurance industry assets were 3.6 trillion RMB), making Shenzhen's financial industry
13973-549: The city's subway lines. The old town of Guangzhou was near Baiyun Mountain on the east bank of the Pearl River (Zhujiang) about 80 mi (129 km) from its junction with the South China Sea and about 300 mi (483 km) below its head of navigation . It commanded the rich alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta , with its connection to the sea protected at the Humen Strait . The present city spans 7,434.4 km (2,870.4 sq mi) on both sides of
14130-440: The city, the Shenzhen government erected a border known as the second line ( Chinese : 二线关 ), which consisted of barbed wire and checkpoints between the city and the rest of China. Initially, the border control was relatively strict, requiring non-Shenzhen citizens to obtain special permissions for entering. Over the years, border controls have gradually weakened, and permission requirement has been abandoned. In January 1990,
14287-545: The city, the Shenzhen government erected barbed wire and checkpoints between the land borders of the main sections of the SEZ and the SEZ outskirts, as well as the rest of China, in 1983, which was known as the second line border. Much of Shenzhen's urban development in the 1980s focused in the area around the old border crossing and the market town. According to academic Richard Hu, whose research focuses on urbanization , in official discourses on urbanization in China , Shenzhen
14444-509: The collapse of the Tang dynasty , the Later Liang governor Liu Yan used his base at Panyu to establish a "Great Yue" or " Southern Han " empire, which lasted from 917 to 971. The region enjoyed considerable cultural and economic success in this period. From the 10th to 12th century, there are records that the large foreign communities were not exclusively men, but included " Persian females". According to Odoric of Pordenone , Guangzhou
14601-461: The completion of a unified Beijing–Guangzhou Railway waited until the completion of Wuhan 's Yangtze River Bridge in 1957. During the late Qing dynasty, Guangzhou was the site of revolutionary attempts such as the Uprisings of 1895 and 1911 that were the predecessors of the successful Xinhai Revolution , which overthrew the Qing dynasty. The 72 revolutionaries whose bodies were found after
14758-759: The constitution triggered the Constitutional Protection Movement . Sun Yat-sen came to head the Guangzhou Military Government supported by the members of the dissolved parliament and the Southwestern warlords. The Guangzhou government fell apart as the warlords withdrew their support. Sun fled to Shanghai in November 1918 until the Guangdong warlord Chen Jiongming restored him in October 1920 during
14915-521: The country, and the KMT government called for strikes in Canton and Hong Kong. The tensions of the massive strikes and protests led to the Shakee Massacre . After the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925 the mood was changing in the party toward the communists. In August the left-wing KMT leader Liao Zhongkai was assassinated and the right-wing leader Hu Hanmin , the suspected mastermind, was exiled to
15072-470: The county was ceded to the British. In response to the Wuchang Uprising in 1911, Xin'an residents rebelled against the local Qing administration and successfully overthrew them. In the same year the Chinese section of the Kowloon–Canton Railway (KCR) was opened to the public. The last stop on the Chinese side was Shenzhen railway station , helping the town's economy and opened Shenzhen up to
15229-583: The daily recreational use of Cantonese, roughly 40%-50% of them participated in these recreational functions with the usage of Cantonese with 51.4% of them in mobile games, 47% in Social Platforms, 44.1% in TV shows, and 39.8% in Books and Newspapers. Despite some decline in the use of Cantonese, it is faring better in survival, popularity, and prestige than other Chinese languages due to the historical pride in
15386-418: The day and were closed at night. The wall rose to incorporate a hill on its northern side and was surrounded on the other three by a moat which, along with the canals, functioned as the city's sewer, emptied daily by the river's tides. A partition wall with four gates divided the northern "old town" from the southern "new town" closer to the river; the suburb of Xiguan (Saikwan; "West Gate") stretched beyond and
15543-595: The decline of Qing prestige and the chaos of the Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856) , the Punti and Hakka waged a series of clan wars from 1855 to 1867 in which one million people died. The foreign trade facilities were destroyed by local Chinese in the Arrow War (1856–1858). The international community relocated to the outskirts and most international trade moved through Shanghai . The concession for
15700-410: The economic output of Shenzhen the third largest out of Chinese cities, trailing behind Shanghai and Beijing . In addition, Shenzhen's GDP growth between 2016 and 2017 of 8.8% surpassed that of Hong Kong and Singapore , with 3.7% and 2.5% respectively. With a market capitalization of US$ 2.5 trillion as of 30 November 2018, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) is the 8th largest exchange in
15857-619: The existing unused border structures have been demolished and are being transformed into urban greenspaces and parks. On 15 January 2018, the State Council approved the removal of the barbed wire fence set up to mark the boundary of the SEZ. In early 2011, the provincial government of Guangdong approved the establishment of the Shenzhen-Shantou Special Cooperation Zone in the city and SEZ of Shantou , Guangdong that will last until 2040 with
16014-411: The female economic migrants marry men from Guangzhou in hopes of a better life. but like elsewhere in the People's Republic of China , the household registration system ( hukou ) limits migrants' access to residences, educational institutions and other public benefits. It has been noted that many women end up in prostitution. In May 2014, legally employed migrants in Guangzhou were permitted to receive
16171-415: The fifth-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world. Shenzhen's nominal GDP is projected to be among the world top 10 largest cities in 2035 (together with Beijing , Shanghai and Guangzhou in China) according to a study by Oxford Economics and its nominal GDP per capita will reach above US$ 57,000 (ranking first in mainland China) in 2030, which is comparable to Tokyo and Seoul. Shenzhen
16328-432: The floating population, is due to the city's fast-growing economy and high labor demands. Guangzhou Mayor Wan Qingliang told an urban planning seminar that Guangzhou is facing a very serious population problem stating that, while the city had 10.33 million registered residents at the time with targets and scales of land use based on this number, the city actually had a population with migrants of nearly 15 million. According to
16485-482: The influence of the South China Sea , and frost is very rare; it begins dry but becomes progressively more humid and overcast. However, fog is most frequent in winter and spring, with 106 days per year reporting some fog. Early spring is the cloudiest time of year, and rainfall begins to dramatically increase in April; the rainy season lasts until late September to early October. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 27 percent in March to 53 percent in October,
16642-878: The introduction of new varieties, development, and utilization. Grain, cash crops, livestock, poultry, aquatic products, wild animals, and a wide variety of famous and excellent varieties, including Zengcheng Simiao rice is the first protected variety in Guangzhou City to obtain geographical indications. The geological structure of Guangzhou City is quite complex, with good conditions for mineralization. Forty-seven kinds of minerals (including subspecies) have been discovered, with 820 mineral sites and 25 large and medium-sized mining areas. The main minerals are granite for construction, limestone for cement, ceramic clay, potassium, sodium feldspar, salt mines, manganese, nepheline orthoclase, fluorite, marble, mineral water, and thermal mineral water. Energy minerals and non-ferrous minerals in
16799-617: The island of Tamão . Rumors even circulated that Portuguese were eating the children. The Guangzhou administration was charged with driving them off: they bested the Portuguese at the Battle of Tunmen and in Xicao Bay ; held a diplomatic mission hostage in a failed attempt to pressure the restoration of the sultan of Malacca , who had been accounted a Ming vassal ; and, after placing them in cangues and keeping them for most of
16956-454: The king, his mother, and their supporters. A successful ambush then annihilated a Han force which had been sent to arrest him. Emperor Wu of Han took offense and launched a massive riverine and seaborne war : six armies under Lu Bode and Yang Pu took Panyu and annexed Nanyue by the end of 111 BC. Incorporated into the Han dynasty , Panyu became a provincial capital. In AD 226, it became
17113-465: The language and culture, as well as the wide popularity and availability of mainstream Cantonese entertainment, which encourages locals to retain the Cantonese language. As of the 2020s, additional renewed efforts were introduced to preserve the local Cantonese language and culture with some limited Cantonese language classes now being taught in some schools as well as hosting Cantonese appreciation cultural events along with hosting activities that cater to
17270-489: The late 1990s and early 2000s, nationals of sub-Saharan Africa who had initially settled in the Middle East and Southeast Asia moved in unprecedented numbers to Guangzhou in response to the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis . The domestic migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40% of the city's total population in 2008. Guangzhou has one of the most expensive real estate markets in China. As of
17427-629: The latter uprising are honored as the city's 72 Martyrs at the Huanghuagang ("Yellow Flower Mound") Mausoleum. After the assassination of Song Jiaoren and Yuan Shikai 's attempts to remove the Nationalist Party of China from power, the leader of Guangdong Hu Hanmin joined the 1913 Second Revolution against him but was forced to flee to Japan with Sun Yat-sen after its failure. The city came under national spotlight again in 1917, when Prime Minister Duan Qirui 's abrogation of
17584-426: The local Cantonese culture and language as well as many local Cantonese speaking families are now placing much stronger emphasis on their children to speak Cantonese to preserve the culture and language. In a 2018 report study by Shan Yunming and Li Sheng, the report showed that 90% of people living in Guangzhou are bilingual in both Cantonese and Mandarin, though fluency will vary depending on if they are locally born to
17741-482: The military and begun his Northern Expedition against the warlords of the north. Its success led to the split of the KMT between Wuhan and Nanking and the purge of the communists in the April 12 Incident . Immediately afterwards Canton joined the purge under the auspice of Li Jishen , resulting in the arrest of communists and the suspension of left wing KMT apparatuses and labor groups. Later in 1927 when Zhang Fakui ,
17898-669: The nickname City of Rams ( 羊城 ) or City of the Five Rams ( 五羊城 ) from the five stones at the old Temple of the Five Immortals said to have been the sheep or goats ridden by the Taoist culture heroes credited with introducing rice cultivation to the area around the time of the city's foundation. The former name "City of the Immortals " ( 仙城 / 五仙城 ) came from the same story. The more recent City of Flowers ( 花城 )
18055-402: The official name until its name change to "Guangzhou". As an adjective, it is still used in describing the people , language , cuisine and culture of Guangzhou and the surrounding Liangguang region. The 19th-century name was " Kwang-chow foo ". A settlement now known as Nanwucheng was present in the area by 1100 BC. Some traditional Chinese histories placed Nanwucheng's founding during
18212-525: The powerholder of Guangdong. In 1931 he threw his weight behind the anti-Chiang schism by hosting a separate Nationalist government in Guangzhou. The opposition to Chiang included KMT leaders like Wang Jingwei , Sun Fo and others from diverse factions. The peace negotiations amid the armed standoff led to the 4th National Congress of Kuomintang being held separately by three factions in Nanjing, Shanghai, and Canton. Resigning all his posts, Chiang pulled off
18369-584: The prefecture generally increases from southwest to northeast, with mountains forming the backbone of the city and the ocean comprising the front. Tiantang Peak is the highest point of elevation at 1,210 m (3,970 ft) above sea level . There are 47 different types of minerals and also 820 ore fields in Guangzhou, including 18 large and medium-sized oil deposits. The major minerals are granite, cement limestone, ceramic clay, potassium, albite, salt mine, mirabilite, nepheline, syenite, fluorite, marble, mineral water, and geothermal mineral water. Since Guangzhou
18526-410: The purpose of economic development. The zone would be managed by Shenzhen and another Cantonese city, Shanwei . The zone is under the jurisdiction of Shenzhen instead of Shantou, with residents living there considered to be permanent residents of Shenzhen. The Shenzhen government later established two new districts on 27 October 2011, Longhua New District and Dapeng New District . With approval of
18683-466: The reign of King Nan of Zhou , emperor of Zhou from 314 to 256 BC. It was said to have consisted of little more than a stockade of bamboo and mud. Guangzhou, then known as Panyu , was founded on the eastern bank of the Pearl River in 214 BC. Ships commanded by tradespersons arrived on the South China coast in the late antiquity . Surviving records from the Tang dynasty confirm, that
18840-511: The residents of Panyu observed a range of trade missions. Records on foreign trade ships reach upon til the late 20th century. Panyu was the seat of Qin Empire 's Nanhai Commandery , and served as a base for the first invasion of the Baiyue lands in southern China. Legendary accounts claimed that the soldiers at Panyu were so vigilant that they did not remove their armor for three years. Upon
18997-407: The river from 112° 57′ to 114° 03′ E longitude and 22° 26′ to 23° 56′ N latitude in south-central Guangdong. The Pearl is the 4th-largest river of China. Intertidal ecosystems exist on the tidal flat lining the river estuary, however, many of the tidal flats have been reclaimed for agriculture. Baiyun Mountain is now locally referred to as the city's "lung" ( 市 肺 ). The elevation of
19154-582: The same figure was 16,000 in 1991. Around the same time, Shenzhen hosted the second Senior Officials' Meeting of APEC China 2001 on 26 May 2001 in its southern manufacturing center and port. In May 2008, the State Council approved the Shenzhen SEZ to promote Shenzhen's administrative management system, economic system, social field, independent innovation system and mechanism, system and mechanism for opening up and regional cooperation, and resource conservation and environmental friendliness. On 1 July 2010
19311-486: The seat based in Luohu. In October 1981, Bao'an County was re-established, with its region now based outside Shenzhen. In June 1983, the districts were dissolved and re-established instead as five management areas ( 管理区 ): Shekou ( 蛇口 ; south-west Shenzhen), Nantou ( 南头 ; west Shenzhen), Shangbu ( 上步 ; central Shenzhen), Luohu ( 罗湖 ; east-central Shenzhen), and Shatoujiao ( 沙头角 ; far-east Shenzhen). To enforce law and order in
19468-502: The seat of Guang Prefecture , which gave it its modern name. The Old Book of Tang described Guangzhou as an important port in southern China. Direct routes connected the Middle East and China, as shown in the records of a Chinese prisoner returning home from Iraq twelve years after his capture at Talas . Relations were often strained: while China was undergoing the An Lushan Rebellion , Arab and Persian pirates sacked
19625-568: The second line border are referred to as guannei ( 关内 ; 'within the border') while districts that are outside the second line and do not have special economic privileges such as Bao'an and Longgang are referred to as guanwai ( 关外 ; 'outside the border'). The Shenzhen government later established two new districts as part of the guanwai : Guangming New District in August 2007 and Pingshan New District in June 2009. On 1 July 2010,
19782-459: The second line border was dissolved, and the Shenzhen SEZ was expanded to cover the entire city. Therefore, the four guanwai districts Bao'an District, Longgang District, Guangming New District, and Pingshan New District, would be given special economic privileges like the guannei districts. The area of the Shenzhen SEZ also increased from 396 square kilometres (153 sq mi) to 1,953 square kilometres (754 sq mi). Since June 2015,
19939-625: The second line border. At this point, Shenzhen has five districts: Luohu, Futian, Nanshan, Bao'an, and Longgang. In March 1998, Shenzhen's government created the Yantian District from the eastern portions of the Luohu District (the original area of the Shatoujiao Management District), and within the second line border. Yantian, Luohu, Futian, and Nanshan together as the special economic districts within
20096-437: The south, Dongguan to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, and Macau to the southwest. With a population of 17.5 million in 2020, Shenzhen is the third most populous city by urban population in China after Shanghai and Beijing . The Port of Shenzhen is the world's fourth busiest container port . Shenzhen roughly follows the administrative boundaries of Bao'an County , which was established in imperial times. After
20253-590: The southern Wanghe District and Zengcheng District. The passenger water resources diverted from the Xijiang and Beijiang Rivers into Guangzhou City are 159.15 billion cubic meters, and the passenger water resources diverted from the Dongjiang River into the north mainstream of the Dongjiang River are 14.203 billion cubic meters. meters and the water inflow from the upper reaches of the Zengjiang River
20410-514: The strike committee to create a blockade around Hong Kong. In 1931 Chen Jitang and his family established several casinos in Shenzhen, the largest of which being Shumchun Casino. During World War II , the Japanese occupied Shenzhen and Nantou , forcing the Bao'an County government to relocate to the neighboring Dongguan County. In 1941, the Japanese army tried to cross into Hong Kong through
20567-558: The team at the ABA Club Championship , and was named the MVP of the tournament. On December 26, 2013, Bobby Brown scored a franchise-record 74 points in a game against Sichuan Blue Whales . In 2024, the club moved to Shenzhen Gymnasium. Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA -sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed. - Set a club record or won an individual award as
20724-439: The third largest in China. Shenzhen is one of the world's top ten financial centers as of 2019, jumping five places to ninth place as determined by "variety of areas of competitiveness, including business environment, human capital, infrastructure, financial sector development and reputation." SF Express and China International Marine Containers (CIMC) have their headquarters in Shenzhen. The Port of Shenzhen comprises
20881-424: The third-most in China after (Beijing and Shanghai) within its city limits. Shenzhen's industry is described by its Municipal Bureau of Statistics to be upheld by its four-pillar industries: high tech , finance , logistics , and culture . Shenzhen is a large hub of the Chinese and global technology industry and home to a large startup ecosystem. As of 2020 the city was ranked as the 4th Fintech powerhouse in
21038-603: The three major entrances is 137.7 billion cubic meters. Compared with meters, the annual tide can bring a large amount of water, part of which is freshwater resources that can be utilized. Cultivated crops in Guangzhou have the distinctive characteristics of the transition from the tropics to the subtropics, and it is one of the richest regions in China in terms of fruit tree resources, including three major categories of tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones, 41 families, 82 genera and 174 species, totaling more than 500 varieties (among which there are 55 major varieties of lychee). It
21195-586: The tone of the KMT rule of China beyond 1927. In 1924, the KMT made the momentous decision to ally with the Communist Party and the USSR. With Soviet help, KMT reorganized itself along the Leninist line and adopted a pro-labor and pro-peasant stance. The Kuomintang-CCP cooperation was confirmed in the First Congress of the KMT and the communists were instructed to join the KMT. The allied government set up
21352-430: The town was known as Panyu (Punyü; 番禺 ), a name still borne by one of Guangzhou's districts not far from the main city. The origin of the name is still uncertain, with 11 various explanations being offered, including that it may have referred to two local mountains. The city has also sometimes been known as Guangzhou Fu or Guangfu after its status as the capital of a prefecture . From this latter name, Guangzhou
21509-473: The use of Cantonese in schools and the rise in prestige of Mandarin-speaking Shenzhen. Jinan University released a survey result of the Guangzhou youths born in the year 2000 or after that were part of this educational study showed that 69% could still speak and understand Cantonese, 20% can understand Cantonese, but unable to speak it, and 11% completely had no knowledge of Cantonese. Jinan University's study of these Guangzhou youths also indicated when it came to
21666-502: The world, which extends into the neighboring cities of Foshan , Dongguan , Zhongshan , Shenzhen and part of Jiangmen , Huizhou , Zhuhai and Macau , forming the largest urban agglomeration on Earth with approximately 70 million residents and part of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone . Administratively, the city holds subprovincial status and is one of China's nine National Central Cities . In
21823-475: The world. In the 2021 Global Financial Centres Index , Shenzhen was ranked as having the 8th most competitive and largest financial center in the world and 6th in Asia & Oceania region (after Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, Beijing, and Tokyo). As of 2020, Shenzhen is ranked as an Alpha- ( global first-tier ) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . According to Forbes , Shenzhen has
21980-707: The world. In 1913, the Republic of China administration renamed Xin'an County back to Bao'an County to prevent confusion from another county of the same name in Henan Province. During the Canton–Hong Kong strike , the All-China Federation of Trade Unions set up a reception station for strike workers in Hong Kong in Shenzhen. Strike workers were also given pickets and armored vehicles by
22137-525: The world. Shenzhen is primarily known for its high-tech industry, which has a value of 585.491 billion RMB (US$ 82.9 billion) in 2015, a 13 percent increase compared to last year. Out of the nominal GDP of 1,750.299 billion RMB in 2015 the high-tech industry generated 33.4 percent. Shenzhen is home to a number of prominent tech firms, such as Huawei , Tencent , DJI , and ZTE . Other tech firms include personal computer manufacturer Hasee , Hytera , OnePlus , and BYD Company . Shenzhen annually holds
22294-520: The year 2000, with Huadu and Panyu joining the city as urban districts and Conghua and Zengcheng as more rural counties . The former districts of Dongshan and Fangcun were abolished in 2005, merged into Yuexiu and Liwan respectively. The city acquired Nansha and Luogang . The former was carved out of Panyu , the latter from parts of Baiyun , Tianhe , Zengcheng , and an exclave within Huangpu . The National People's Congress approved
22451-493: Was 4,472,200, the actual administrative population was over 20 million. It makes up part of the Pearl River Delta built-up area with 44,738,513 inhabitants, spread over 9 municipalities (including Macau ). The city is elongated measuring 81.4 kilometers from east to west while the shortest section from north to south is 10.8 kilometers. Over 160 rivers or channels flow through Shenzhen. There are 24 reservoirs within
22608-574: Was a major terminus of the Silk Road . The port of Guangzhou serves as a transportation hub for Guangzhou, one of China's three largest cities. Guangzhou was captured by the British during the First Opium War and no longer enjoyed a monopoly after the war; consequently it lost trade to other ports such as Hong Kong and Shanghai , but continued to serve as a major entrepôt . Following
22765-486: Was as large as three Venices in terms of area, and rivaled all of Italy in the amount of crafts produced. He also noted the large amount of ginger available as well as large geese and snakes. Guangzhou was visited by the Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta during his journey around the world in the 14th century. He detailed the process by which the Chinese constructed their large ships in the port's shipyards. Shortly after
22922-473: Was captured on October 14, 1949. Amid a massive exodus to Hong Kong and Macau , defeated Nationalist forces blew up the Haizhu Bridge across the Pearl River in retreat. The Cultural Revolution had a large effect on the city, with many of its temples, churches and other monuments destroyed during this chaotic period. The People's Republic of China initiated building projects including new housing on
23079-629: Was estimated at 13,080,500, with 11,264,800 urban residents. Its population density is thus around 1,800 people per km . The built-up area of the Guangzhou proper connects directly to several other cities. The built-up area of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone covers around 17,573 km (6,785 sq mi) and has been estimated to house 22 million people, including Guangzhou's nine urban districts, Shenzhen (5.36m), Dongguan (3.22m), Zhongshan (3.12m), most of Foshan (2.2m), Jiangmen (1.82m), Zhuhai (890k), and Huizhou 's Huiyang District (760k). The total population of this agglomeration
23236-681: Was incorporated into Dongguan in 1669. After the Qing dynasty was defeated by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the First Opium War and the Second Opium Wars , Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula were ceded to the British in the Treaty of Nanking and the Convention of Peking . On 21 April 1898 the Qing government signed a "Special Article for the Exhibition of Hong Kong's Borders" with
23393-559: Was known to medieval Persians such as Al-Masudi and Ibn Khordadbeh as Khanfu ( خانفو ). Under the Southern Han , the city was renamed Xingwang Fu ( 興王府 ). The Chinese abbreviation for Guangzhou is 穗 , pronounced Seoi in Cantonese and Suì in Mandarin—although the abbreviation on car license plates, as with the rest of the province, is 粤 ), after its nickname "City of Rice" ( 穗城 . The city has long borne
23550-430: Was led by Hong Kong-based China Merchants Group under Yuan Geng 's leadership and was to become the first export processing industrial zone in mainland China. At the beginning of April 1979, the Standing Committee of Guangdong Province discussed and proposed to the Central Committee to set up a "trade cooperation zone" in Shenzhen, Zhuhai , and Shantou . In the same month, the Central Working Conference decided on
23707-457: Was maintained until the outbreak of the First Opium War in 1839. Following a series of battles in the Pearl River Delta , the British captured Canton on March 18, 1841. The Second Battle of Canton was fought two months later. Following the Qing's 1842 treaty with Great Britain , Guangzhou lost its privileged trade status as more and more treaty ports were opened to more and more countries, usually including extraterritorial enclaves. Amid
23864-434: Was named after a deep ( Chinese : 深 ; lit. 'deep') drain that was located within the area." The oldest evidence of humans in the area on which Shenzhen was established dates back during the mid- Neolithic period. Human have inhabited the area throughout the past 6,700 years. Historic counties were first established in the area 1,700 years ago. The historic towns of Nantou and Dapeng , were built on
24021-404: Was one of the world's greatest ports, organized under the Canton System . The main exports were tea and porcelain . As a meeting place of merchants from all over the world, Guangzhou became a major contributor to the rise of the modern global economy. Guangzhou is the site of the Thirteen Factories , which were the only legal place to conduct foreign trade with China from 1757 to 1842. In
24178-420: Was recorded on 18 January 1893 and for the station that begun records in 1912 located in Huangpu District, an unofficial record low of −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) was recorded on 8 December 1934. The last recorded snowfall in the city was on January 24, 2016, 87 years after the second last recorded snowfall. Guangzhou is a sub-provincial city . It has direct jurisdiction over eleven districts : Guangzhou
24335-421: Was reformed as a Special Export Zone to create a favorable investment environment and introduce advanced technology and management experience, later renamed to Special Economic Zone in May 1980. As of 2022, Shenzhen has a nominal GDP of 3.24 trillion RMB (HK$ 2.87 trillion), which surpassed neighboring Hong Kong 's GDP of HK$ 2.11 trillion and Guangzhou 's GDP of 2.88 trillion RMB (HK$ 2.68 trillion), making
24492-423: Was succeeded by Zhao Mo and then Zhao Yingqi. Upon Zhao Yingqi 's death in 115 BC, his younger son Zhao Xing was named as his successor in violation of Chinese primogeniture . By 113 BC, his Chinese mother, the Empress Dowager Jiu ( 樛 ) had prevailed upon him to submit Nanyue as a formal part of the Han Empire. The native prime minister Lü Jia ( 呂 嘉 ) launched a coup, killing Han ambassadors along with
24649-583: Was the last stop on the mainland Chinese section of the Kowloon–Canton Railway . The city is a leading global technology hub. In the media Shenzhen is sometimes called China's Silicon Valley . The city's entrepreneurial, innovative, and competitive-based culture has resulted in the city being home to numerous small manufacturers and software companies. Several of these firms have become large technology corporations, such as Huawei , Tencent , and DJI . As an important international city, Shenzhen hosts numerous national and international events every year, such as
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