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89-720: The Walsh Building in Saint Paul , Minnesota , United States, was designed by Edward Bassford in 1888. The Romanesque Revival building has been used as a residence, school, and manufacturing facility. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . This article about a property in Minnesota on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Saint Paul, Minnesota -related article

178-656: A 1906 essay published in the American Historical Review , E. G. Bourne summarized his view of Carver's book: "Scholars are in general agreement that much of the work in this volume is an abridgement or adaptation of historical writings by Charlevoix, Adair, and La Hontan. Entire chapters read as near verbatim text from one or more of these other authors." Carver, Minnesota ; Carver County, Minnesota ; and Jonathan Association in Chaska, Minnesota were named in honor of Carver for his exploration and mapping of

267-495: A St. Paul mailing address. The western side has a Minneapolis ZIP code. Saint Paul is the birthplace of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz , who lived in Merriam Park from infancy until 1960. Schulz's Peanuts inspired giant, decorated sculptures around the city, a Chamber of Commerce promotion in the late 1990s. Other notable residents include writer F. Scott Fitzgerald and playwright August Wilson , who premiered many of

356-589: A crucial point in their history. Despite the absence of legal slavery in Minnesota, Army officers were permitted to bring their enslaved individuals into the region. Today, African Americans are one of the largest groups among Saint Paul's population; African Americans make up approximately 14% of Saint Paul's population, the second-largest background group, before Hmongs and after German-Americans. The city's African American residents are concentrated in its central and eastern neighborhoods. Most St. Paul residents claiming religious affiliation are Christian , split between

445-429: A few miles onto Dakota land. Fur traders, explorers, and settlers came to the area for the fort's security. Many were French-Canadians who predated American pioneers by some time. A whiskey trade flourished among the squatters and the fort's commander evicted them all from the fort's reservation. Fur trader turned bootlegger "Pig's Eye" Parrant , who set up business just outside the reservation, particularly irritated

534-622: A household with a woman and started a second family in London. Carver's book, Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America in the Years 1766, 1767, and 1768 , was an immediate success when first published in 1778. A second edition was published in Dublin followed the next year; over thirty editions and versions have been published since in several languages. The publication of this book

623-471: A large number of Somalis and Ethiopians since the 1990s, largely as refugees fleeing conflict in their home regions. Somali and Ethiopian populations are largest in the neighborhoods of Summit-University and Frogtown , where there are many businesses and organizations for Somali and Ethiopian populations. African Americans in St. Paul initially entered through servitude to officers at Fort Snelling, marking

712-456: A multipurpose entertainment and sports venue, can host concerts and accommodate nearly all sporting events. It occupies the site of the demolished Saint Paul Civic Center . The Xcel Energy Center hosts the Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament, the Minnesota high school girls' volleyball tournament, and concerts throughout the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in

801-439: A music scene landmark since the 1940s. Saint Paul is also the home base of the internationally acclaimed Rose Ensemble . As an Irish stronghold, the city boasts popular Irish pubs with live music, such as Shamrocks, The Dubliner, and until its closure in 2019, O'Gara's. The internationally acclaimed Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra is the nation's only full-time professional chamber orchestra. The Minnesota Centennial Showboat on

890-434: A snow sculpting competition, a medallion treasure hunt , food, activities, and an ice palace when it can be arranged. The Como Zoo and Conservatory and adjoining Japanese Garden are popular year-round. The historic Landmark Center in downtown Saint Paul hosts cultural and arts organizations. The city's recreation sites include Indian Mounds Park , Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park , Highland Park ,

979-480: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Saint Paul, Minnesota Saint Paul (often abbreviated St. Paul ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Ramsey County . Situated on high bluffs overlooking a bend in the Mississippi River , Saint Paul is a regional business hub and the center of Minnesota's government. The Minnesota State Capitol and

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1068-587: Is being redeveloped into a mixed-used area called Highland Bridge which, when complete, will include 3,800 housing units, most opening in 2023. Saint Paul has financed city development with tax increment financing (TIF) . In 2018, it had 55 TIF districts. Projects that have benefited from TIF funding include the St. Paul Saints stadium , and the affordable housing along the Twin Cities Metro Green Line . In November 2021, Saint Paul became

1157-584: Is part of the Mississippi, Lake Phalen , and Lake Como . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 56.18 square miles (145.51 km ), of which 51.98 square miles (134.63 km ) is land and 4.20 square miles (10.88 km ) is water. The Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers. The city ranked #2 in park access and quality, after only Minneapolis , in

1246-634: Is today parkland. In the 1840s-70s the Métis brought their oxen and Red River Carts down Kellogg Street to Lambert's landing to send buffalo hides to market from the Red River of the North . Saint Paul was the southern terminus of the Red River Trails . In 1840, Pierre Bottineau became a prominent resident with a claim near the settlement's center. In 1841, Catholic missionary Lucien Galtier

1335-768: The Greater East Side , which are considered ethnic enclaves for Hmong Minnesotans , with a large number of businesses, organizations, and events catering to the Hmong population, such as the Hmongtown Marketplace in Frogtown. Other large Southeast Asian populations live in Saint Paul, particularly Burmese Americans of the Karen and Karenni ethnic group, who immigrated to the U.S. as refugees in

1424-685: The Hopewell tradition , who buried their dead in mounds on the river bluffs (now Indian Mounds Park ). The next known inhabitants were the Mdewakanton Dakota in the 17th century, who fled their ancestral home of Mille Lacs Lake in central Minnesota in response to westward expansion of the Ojibwe nation. The Ojibwe later occupied the north (east) bank of the Mississippi River. By 1800, French-Canadian explorers came through

1513-738: The James J. Hill House , the Minnesota Transportation Museum , the Science Museum of Minnesota , and the Twin City Model Railroad Museum. The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams. Saint Paul hosts a number of professional, semi-professional, and amateur sports teams. The Minnesota Wild play their home games at downtown Saint Paul's Xcel Energy Center , which opened in 2000. The Wild brought

1602-595: The Köppen climate classification , Saint Paul falls in the hot summer humid continental climate zone ( Dfa ). The city experiences a full range of precipitation and related weather events, including snow, sleet , ice, rain, thunderstorms , tornadoes , and fog . Due to its northerly location and lack of large bodies of water to moderate the air, Saint Paul is sometimes subjected to cold Arctic air masses , especially during late December, January, and February. The average annual temperature of 46.5 °F (8.1 °C) gives

1691-606: The Minnesota Historical Society . They include photostatic copies of a journal of Carver's expedition to the Mississippi River (1766–1767), a Survey journal, and a Dictionary of the Naudowessee language, and typed transcripts of these documents; copies of surveys and deeds to the Carver land grant of 1767, which encompassed some four million acres in present-day western Wisconsin; copies of letters about

1780-733: The Northern Pacific Railway were both headquartered in Saint Paul until they merged with the Burlington Northern . Today they are part of the BNSF Railway. On August 20, 1904, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes damaged hundreds of downtown buildings, causing $ 1.78 million ($ 60.36 million today) in damages and ripping spans from the High Bridge . During the 1960s, in conjunction with urban renewal , Saint Paul razed neighborhoods west of downtown for

1869-554: The Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant denominations. The Roman Catholic presence comes from Irish, German, Scottish, and French Canadian settlers, later bolstered by Hispanic immigrants. There are Jewish synagogues such as Mount Zion Temple and significant populations of Hindus , Muslims , and Buddhists . The city has been dubbed "paganistan" due to its large Wiccan population. The Minneapolis–Saint Paul–Bloomington area employs 1,570,700 people in

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1958-799: The Wabasha Street Caves , Lake Como , Lake Phalen , and Rice Park , as well as several areas abutting the Mississippi River . The Irish Fair of Minnesota is held annually at the Harriet Island Pavilion area. The country's largest Hmong American sports festival, the Freedom Festival, is held the first weekend of July at McMurray Field near Como Park. The city is associated with the Minnesota State Fair in neighboring Falcon Heights just west of Como Park. The fair dates to before statehood. With

2047-630: The census of 2020 , the population was 311,527. The population density was 5,994.0 inhabitants per square mile (2,314.3/km ). There were 127,392 housing units at an average density of 2,451.1 per square mile (946.4/km ). In terms of race, the city's population was 50.5% White (21.1% German ), 19.2% Asian (10.9% Hmong , 2.53% Burmese , 0.85% Vietnamese , 0.69% Chinese , 0.51% Indian ), 16.8% Black or African American (1.7% Somali , 1.5% Ethiopian ), 1.0% Native American , 4.8% from other races , and 7.6% from two or more races. Residents of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race, made up 9.7% of

2136-540: The 1803 Louisiana Purchase , U.S. Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike negotiated approximately 100,000 acres (40,000 ha; 160 sq mi) of land from the indigenous Dakota in 1805 to establish a fort. A military reservation was intended for the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers on both sides of the Mississippi up to Saint Anthony Falls . All of what is now the Highland Park neighborhood

2225-479: The 1930s; although Mexican populations exist throughout Saint Paul, by far the largest concentration of Mexican Americans is on St. Paul's West Side , where Mexicans form a plurality of the population; Mexico opened a foreign consulate there in 2005. Saint Paul also has a large population of Central Americans, particularly Salvadorans , throughout eastern St. Paul and the West Side. St. Paul has become home to

2314-617: The 1950s. Of people who specified European ancestry in the 2005–07 American Community Survey of St. Paul, 26.4% were German , 13.8% Irish , 8.4% Norwegian , 7.0% Swedish , and 6.2% English . There is also a visible community of people of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, representing 4.2% of the population. By the 1980s, the Thomas-Dale area, once an Austro-Hungarian enclave known as Frogtown (German: Froschburg ), became home to Vietnamese and other Southeast Asian people who had left their war-torn countries. A settlement program for

2403-405: The 1970s. Because the city center is directly beneath the flight path into the airport across the river there is a height restriction for all construction. The tallest buildings, such as Galtier Plaza (Jackson and Sibley Towers), The Pointe of Saint Paul condominiums, and the city's tallest building, Wells Fargo Place (formerly Minnesota World Trade Center), were constructed in the late 1980s. In

2492-465: The 1990s and 2000s, the tradition of bringing new immigrant groups to the city continued. As of 2004, nearly 10% of the city's population were recent Hmong immigrants from Vietnam , Laos , Cambodia , Thailand , and Myanmar . Saint Paul is the location of the Hmong Archives . Saint Paul's history and growth as a landing port are tied to water. The city's defining physical characteristic,

2581-579: The 2000s and 2010s due to internal conflict and discrimination in Myanmar . Minnesota is believed to have the largest population of Karen Americans , with a population of 12,000 in 2017, who are mostly concentrated in Saint Paul. Burmese and Karen residents of Saint Paul make up 5.2% of the population in 2021, and are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of the North End , Payne-Phalen , and Frogtown . Mexican immigrants have settled in St. Paul since

2670-468: The 2018 ParkScore ranking of the top 100 park systems across the United States according to the nonprofit Trust for Public Land . Saint Paul's Department of Planning and Economic Development divides Saint Paul into 17 Planning Districts, created in 1979 to allow neighborhoods to participate in governance and use Community Development Block Grants . With a funding agreement directly from the city,

2759-436: The 20th century, the reliability of Carver's narrative has been debated by scholars; examination of Carver's manuscript journal establishes that it differs in important respects from the published version. More recent research suggests that, while Carver carried out the tour he describes, he suppressed the fact that he performed it as a hired agent of Royal Governor Major Robert Rogers , rather than on his own responsibility. In

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2848-785: The Falls of St. Anthony, running on the east bank of the Mississippi, nearly southeast, as far as Lake Pepin, where the Chippewa joins the Mississippi, and from thence eastward, five days travel, accounting twenty English miles per day, and from thence again to the Falls of St. Anthony, on a direct straight line. In other words, this triangular tract in northwestern Wisconsin and eastern Minnesota would have been bounded by lines running from modern Minneapolis southeast to Pepin, then due east to near Stevens Point , and from there northwest roughly through Eau Claire to Minneapolis. Congress investigated their claim and ultimately concluded that English law at

2937-615: The Gulf Coast. Carver crossed to the Wisconsin River and then traveled down the Mississippi, emerging at the great trade encampment at Prairie du Chien . Rather than turn south toward New Orleans, his expedition turned north into what is now Minnesota . By the late summer he had reached the Saint Anthony Falls at what is now Minneapolis . He spent some time with the tribe near the falls but turned south, down

3026-533: The Hmong diaspora came soon after, and by 2000, St. Paul had the largest urban Hmong contingent in the nation. Hmong Americans make up 11% of St. Paul's population as of 2021, and Saint Paul, as well as the Twin Cities area in general, is considered the center of Hmong culture in America. Hmongs are most concentrated in the neighborhoods of Frogtown , Payne-Phalen , Dayton's Bluff , the North End , and

3115-671: The Maplewood campus in 1964. 3M manufacturing continued for a couple more decades until all St. Paul operations ceased. The city was home to the Ford Motor Company 's Twin Cities Assembly Plant , which opened in 1924 and closed at the end of 2011. The plant was in Highland Park on the Mississippi River, adjacent to Lock and Dam No. 1, Mississippi River , which generates hydroelectric power. The site

3204-531: The Massachusetts colonial militia at the start of the French and Indian War . In 1757, Carver, a friend of Robert Rogers , enlisted with Burke's Rangers . Burke's Rangers would in 1758 become a part of Rogers' Rangers . During the war he studied surveying and mapping techniques. Carver was successful in the military and eventually became captain of a Massachusetts regiment in 1761. Two years later he quit

3293-590: The Minneapolis−Saint Paul metropolitan area the coldest annual mean temperature of any major metropolitan area in the continental U.S. Saint Paul is expected to be affected by climate change. More extreme heat waves are expected, as is increased precipitation in the spring and summer, which could cause river and flash flooding. Vector-borne transmission of such diseases as West Nile Virus , Lyme disease , and human anaplasmosis may increase because of changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. As of

3382-956: The Mississippi River began in 1958 with Minnesota's first centennial celebration. Saint Paul has a number of museums, including the University of Minnesota's Goldstein Museum of Design, the Minnesota Children's Museum , the Schubert Club Museum of Musical Instruments, the Minnesota Museum of American Art , the Traces Center for History and Culture, the Minnesota History Center , the Alexander Ramsey House,

3471-681: The Mississippi, named for their home, Connemara , Ireland. The Irish became prolific in politics, city governance, and public safety, much to the chagrin of the Germans and French, who had grown into the majority. In 1850, the first of many groups of Swedish immigrants passed through St. Paul on their way to farming communities in northern and western regions of the territory . A large group settled in Swede Hollow , which later became home to Poles, Italians, and Mexicans. The last Swedish presence moved up St. Paul's East Side along Payne Avenue in

3560-593: The Mississippi, to find a more suitable place to spend the winter. During this portion of the trip he came upon a site sacred to the Dakota people , Waḳaŋ Ṭípi , which European-Americans have subsequently called Carver's Cave. Now destroyed, it was located in present-day Saint Paul, Minnesota . He spent the winter in a tribal village in what is now eastern Iowa . The next spring he encountered James Tute and James Stanley Goddard, who had been sent to accompany Carver on his journey. They continued exploring and mapping along

3649-586: The NHL back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the Minnesota North Stars left the state for Dallas, Texas . The World Hockey Association 's Minnesota Fighting Saints played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977. Citing the history of hockey in the Twin Cities and teams at all levels, Sports Illustrated called Saint Paul the new Hockeytown U.S.A. in 2007. The Xcel Energy Center,

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3738-586: The Pacific Ocean. There was a great incentive to discover this route. The king and Parliament had promised a vast prize in gold for any such discovery. The eastern route to the Pacific was around the Cape of Good Hope at the foot of Africa. That route was both lengthy and contested by competing European powers. In 1766 and 1767 Carver explored parts of present-day Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa, mainly along

3827-566: The US by ESPN . Jonathan Carver Carver was born in Weymouth , Province of Massachusetts Bay , on April 13, 1710, the son of David and Hannah (Dyer) Carver. His father was modestly wealthy and was elected to various public positions in Weymouth and Canterbury. The family moved to Canterbury, Connecticut , when Carver was still a young child. The details of his education are unknown but he

3916-539: The army with a determination to explore the new territories acquired by the British as a result of the war, as France had ceded its territory east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain. Initially Carver was unable to find a sponsor for his proposed explorations but in 1766, Robert Rogers contracted Carver to lead an expedition to find the Northwest Passage , what was believed to be a western water route to

4005-639: The city's population was 303,176, making it the 67th-most populous city in the United States , the 12th-most populous in the Midwest , and the second-most populous in Minnesota. Most of the city lies east of the Mississippi River near its confluence with the Minnesota River . Minneapolis is mostly across the Mississippi River to the west. Together, they are known as the "Twin Cities" and make up

4094-422: The city's west, southwest, and southeast sides. Minneapolis , the state's largest city, lies to the west. Falcon Heights , Lauderdale , Roseville , and Maplewood are north, with Maplewood lying to the east. The cities of West Saint Paul and South Saint Paul are to the south, as are Lilydale , Mendota , and Mendota Heights , across the river from the city. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, which

4183-422: The city. The population density was 5,484.2 inhabitants per square mile (2,117.5/km ). There were 120,795 housing units at an average density of 2,323.9 per square mile (897.3/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 60.1% white, 15.7% African American, 1.1% Native American, 15.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander , 3.9% from other races, and 4.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 9.6% of

4272-460: The commander. By the early 1840s, a community had developed nearby that locals called Pig's Eye (French: L'Œil du Cochon ) or Pig's Eye Landing after Parrant's popular tavern. In 1842, a raiding party of Ojibwe attacked the Kaposia encampment south of Saint Paul. A battle ensued where a creek drained into wetlands two miles south of Wakan Tipi. The creek was thereafter called Battle Creek and

4361-525: The competing interests of Minneapolis and St. Paul, it was held on "neutral ground" between both. That area refused to become part of St. Paul or Roseville and became Falcon Heights in the 1950s. The University of Minnesota Saint Paul Campus is actually in Falcon Heights. Fort Snelling is often identified as being in St. Paul but is actually its own unorganized territory . The eastern part of Fort Snelling Unorganized Territory ( MSP included ) has

4450-420: The confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota Rivers, was carved into the region during the last ice age , as were the steep river bluffs and dramatic palisades on which the city is built. Receding glaciers and Lake Agassiz forced torrents of water from a glacial river that served the river valleys. The city is situated in east-central Minnesota. The Mississippi River forms a municipal boundary on part of

4539-711: The core of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area , the third most populous metropolitan area in the Midwest. The Legislative Assembly of the Minnesota Territory established the Town of Saint Paul as its capital near existing Dakota Sioux settlements in November 1849. It remained a town until 1854. The Dakota name for where Saint Paul is situated is "Imnizaska" for the "white rock" bluffs along

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4628-481: The councils share a pool of funds. The councils have significant land-use control, a voice in guiding development, and they organize residents. The planning districts mostly represent traditional neighborhoods and combinations of smaller neighborhoods within the city. The city's 17 Planning Districts are: Saint Paul has a humid continental climate typical of the Upper Midwestern United States . Winters are frigid and snowy, while summers are warm to hot and humid. On

4717-421: The creation of the interstate freeway system. From 1959 to 1961, the Rondo neighborhood was demolished for the construction of Interstate 94 . The loss of that African American enclave brought attention to racial segregation and unequal housing in northern cities. The annual Rondo Days celebration commemorates the African American community. Downtown Saint Paul had skyscraper-building booms beginning in

4806-463: The death of Carver's London widow. In 1804, a group of descendants of Carver petitioned the U.S. Congress for ownership rights to a large tract of land in Wisconsin and Minnesota, claiming that the deed, supposedly dated at the "Great Cave, May the 1st, 1767" entitled Carver and his family to over 10,000 square miles (30,000 km ) of land. Specifically they identified the whole of a certain tract or territory of land, bounded as follows, viz.: from

4895-460: The first time, both in the text, and on one of the maps. Carver penetrated farther into the West than any other English explorer before the American Revolution. He stimulated curiosity concerning routes to the Pacific, with questions later satisfied by Alexander Mackenzie and the Lewis and Clark Expedition . The book became immensely popular but the profits did not come soon enough for Carver. He died in poverty on January 31, 1780, in London . In

4984-609: The influential Artists' Quarter , first established in the 1970s in Whittier, Minneapolis , and moved to downtown Saint Paul in 1994. Artists' Quarter also hosts the Soapboxing Poetry Slam, home of the 2009 National Poetry Slam Champions. At The Black Dog, in Lowertown, many French or European jazz musicians (Evan Parker, Tony Hymas, Benoît Delbecq, François Corneloup) have met Twin Cities musicians and started new groups touring in Europe. Groups and performers such as Fantastic Merlins, Dean Magraw/Davu Seru, Merciless Ghosts, and Willie Murphy are regulars. The Turf Club in Midway has been

5073-500: The land in the decades following his death. Raymond Bober (writing under the pen name "Wolfgang Von Bober"), authored a 1979 book called The Carver Effect: A Paranormal Experience in which he claimed Summerwind mansion, an estate on the coast of West Bay Lake in Wisconsin, was haunted by Carver. A 2005 episode of the Discovery Channel series A Haunting claimed that the ghost of Carver upset residents of Summerwind. Jonathan Carver's papers are available for research use at

5162-416: The move. The year 1858 saw more than 1,000 steamboats service Saint Paul, making it a gateway for settlers to the Minnesota frontier or Dakota Territory . Geography was a primary reason the city became a transportation hub. The location was the last good point to land riverboats coming upriver due to the river valley's topography. For a time, Saint Paul was called "The Last City of the East." Fort Snelling

5251-409: The only Midwestern city to regulate rent increases when voters passed a rent control ordinance as part of a larger effort to curb rising housing costs. The law limited annual rent increases to three percent and prohibited higher increases after a tenant vacated a unit. In September 2022, the Saint Paul City Council voted to amend the law, allowing higher vacancy increases and exempting units built in

5340-479: The population (6.58% Mexican , 0.68% Salvadoran ). The 2020 census of the city included 291 people incarcerated in adult correctional facilities and 5,640 people in student housing. According to the American Community Survey estimates for 2016–2020, the median income for a household in the city was $ 59,717, and the median income for a family was $ 74,852. Male full-time workers had a median income of $ 50,186 versus $ 45,541 for female workers. The per capita income

5429-443: The population. There were 111,001 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.1% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.2% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

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5518-517: The preceding or following 20 years from the increase cap. Every January, Saint Paul hosts the Saint Paul Winter Carnival , a tradition that began in 1886 when a New York reporter called Saint Paul "another Siberia ". The organizers had a model in the Montreal Winter Carnival the year before. Architect A. C. Hutchinson designed the Montreal ice castle and was hired to design St. Paul's first. The event has now been held 135 times with an attendance of 350,000. It includes an ice sculpting competition,

5607-406: The present city of Neenah, Wisconsin , has developed. Continuing up the Fox River he eventually arrived at the "Grand Portage", a well-used portage between the Fox and the Wisconsin rivers. This was a major fur trading site. From here (now Portage, Wisconsin ), furs could be shipped from the Great Lakes to the Wisconsin River, and then south along the Mississippi to the major port of New Orleans on

5696-559: The private sector as of July 2008, 82.43% of whom work in private service providing-related jobs. Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include Ecolab , a chemical and cleaning product company that the Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal named in 2008 as the eighth-best place to work in the Twin Cites for companies with 1,000 full-time Minnesota employees, and Securian Financial Group Inc. The 3M Company moved to St. Paul in 1910. It built an art deco headquarters at 900 Bush that still stands. Headquarters operations moved to

5785-419: The region and attracted fur traders. Fort Snelling and Pig's Eye Tavern also brought the first Yankees from New England and English , Irish , and Scottish immigrants , who had enlisted in the army and settled nearby after discharge. These early settlers and entrepreneurs built houses on the heights north of the river. The first wave of immigration came with the Irish, who settled at Connemara Patch along

5874-424: The region. After Carver's death, John Coakley Lettsom purchased the copyrights to the book. He published a third edition in 1781, "for the relief of the widow and children", Carver's family. Lettsom claimed he had in his possession a deed, signed by two chiefs of the Sioux, giving Carver title to about 10,000 square miles (30,000 km ) in what is now Wisconsin and Minnesota. The deed could not be located after

5963-454: The relative comfort of a passenger cabin, while Rogers was forced to travel sitting on the ballast rocks in the hold of the ship. Rogers was taken to Montreal to be court-martialed. Although he was acquitted of the charges, he did not return to his position as Royal Governor. Carver submitted a list of expenses to his superiors, but payment was denied on the grounds that Rogers had not had sufficient authority to order such an expedition. Carver

6052-465: The reward for identifying a potential Northwest Passage. He left his wife Abigail in the colonies and never saw her again. He spent the remainder of his life petitioning the English government for his payments. He ultimately received two separate grants from the Crown to cover his expenses, although not the great reward for identifying a Northwest Passage. While working at this lobbying endeavor, he wrote his Travels ... book, published in 1778. He set up

6141-515: The rights to this land in Wisconsin. Land speculators and con-men continued to promote the sale of portions of "Carver's Grant" for another half century. According to the Wisconsin Historical Society: Modern scholars who have reviewed all the evidence cannot confirm the existence of any such grant to Carver, who never mentioned it in surviving records. They have, however, documented a great deal of deceit, manipulation, and self-delusion by his heirs and their agents as they attempted to sell portions of

6230-422: The river's eastern side. The Imniza-Ska were full of caves that were useful to the Dakota. The explorer Jonathan Carver documented the historic Wakan Tipi in the bluff below the burial mounds in 1767. In the Menominee language Saint Paul was called Sāēnepān-Menīkān , which means "ribbon, silk or satin village", suggesting its role in trade throughout the region after the introduction of European goods. After

6319-406: The river. The city has three sports venues: Xcel Energy Center , home to the Minnesota Wild and the Minnesota Frost , CHS Field , home to the St. Paul Saints , and Allianz Field , home to Minnesota United . Saint Paul has a mayor–council government . The current mayor is Melvin Carter III , who was first elected in 2018. Burial mounds in present-day Indian Mounds Park suggest the area

6408-575: The state government offices all sit on a hill close to the city's downtown district. One of the oldest cities in Minnesota, Saint Paul has several historic neighborhoods and landmarks, such as the Summit Avenue Neighborhood , the James J. Hill House , and the Cathedral of Saint Paul . Like the adjacent city of Minneapolis , Saint Paul is known for its cold, snowy winters and humid summers. According to census estimates, in 2022

6497-560: The ten plays in his Pittsburgh Cycle at the local Penumbra Theater. The Ordway Center for the Performing Arts hosts theater productions and the Minnesota Opera is a founding tenant. RiverCentre , attached to Xcel Energy Center , serves as the city's convention center. The city has contributed to the music of Minnesota and the Twin Cities music scene through various venues. Great jazz musicians have passed through

6586-480: The time prohibited any land grants to individuals. They also concluded that Carver never made any mention of such a grant in his book or afterwards, and finally, no Sioux in the region had any knowledge of such a transaction having been made by their grandparents' generation. In 1817, Sioux elders in St. Paul, Minnesota , had told Carver's heirs that no chiefs ever existed by the names on the deed. Congress concluded, on Jan. 29, 1823, that it would not grant Carver's heirs

6675-511: The upper Mississippi River through what is now Minnesota , and Wisconsin . The men headed for Grand Portage on Lake Superior, hoping that Rogers had sent supplies there for them. But instead they found a letter from him, chiding them for their expenditures and warning them to be more thrifty in the future. Unable to proceed without the badly needed supplies, they headed back to Fort Michilimackinac, arriving there on August 29, 1767. Carver learned that his sponsor, Royal Governor Robert Rogers ,

6764-457: The upper Mississippi River. When he returned east, however, his efforts were not recognized. He sailed to England in 1769, seeking recompense, and remained there for the rest of his life. In 1778 he published a book on his travels, which became very successful. He died in 1780. Following his death, some of his heirs claimed that he had obtained a land grant from two Sioux chiefs for a large area of eastern Wisconsin during his expedition. The grant

6853-571: The western edge of the bay until reaching what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin . Carver recorded visiting a small Métis settlement at the foot of Green Bay (Lake Michigan) , as well as a French monastery nearby in Des Peres, Wisconsin . Carver resupplied here and continued his journey. He traveled up the Fox River to the Winnebago (Ho-Chunk) village at the north end of Lake Winnebago , where

6942-400: Was $ 32,779. About 13.2% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 27.0% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over. Of the population age 25 and over, 87.6% were high school graduates or higher and 41.3% had a bachelor's degree or higher. As of the 2010 census , there were 285,068 people, 111,001 households, and 59,689 families residing in

7031-421: Was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.33. The median age in the city was 30.9 years. 25.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 13.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.6% were from 25 to 44; 22.6% were from 45 to 64; and 9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female. The earliest known inhabitants of the St. Paul area, from about 400 AD, were members of

7120-580: Was a significant event in the history of the exploration of the American West: Carver was the first English-speaking explorer to venture west of the upper Mississippi River. He anticipated the idea of a continental divide . He was the first to mention a large mountain range to the west (presumably the Rocky Mountains ) that blocks the westward passage and serves as a continental divide. The name 'Oregon' appears in print in his book for

7209-400: Was created in 1849 with Saint Paul as the capital. The U.S. Army made the territory's first improved road, Point Douglas Fort Ripley Military Road, in 1850. It passed through what became Saint Paul neighborhoods. In 1857, the territorial legislature voted to move the capital to Saint Peter , but Joe Rolette , a territorial legislator, stole the text of the bill and went into hiding, preventing

7298-454: Was important to Saint Paul from the start. Direct access from Saint Paul did not happen until the 7th bridge was built in 1880. Before that, there was a cable ferry crossing dating to at latest the 1840s. Once streetcars appeared, a new bridge to Saint Paul was built in 1904. Until the town built its first jail the fort's brig served Saint Paul. Industrialist James J. Hill founded his railroad empire in Saint Paul. The Great Northern Railway and

7387-458: Was included in this. Pike planned a second military reservation at the confluence of the St. Croix and Mississippi rivers. In 1819, Fort Snelling was built at the Minnesota and Mississippi confluence. The 1837 Treaty with the Sioux ceded all tribal lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. government. Chief Little Crow III moved his village, Kaposia , from south of Mounds Park across the river

7476-570: Was inhabited by the Hopewell Native Americans about 2,000 years ago. From the early 17th century to 1837, the Mdewakanton Dakota , a band of the Dakota people , lived near the mounds at the village of Kaposia and consider the area encompassing present-day Saint Paul Bdóte , the site of creation for their people. The Dakota called the area Imniza-Ska ("white cliffs") for its exposed white sandstone cliffs on

7565-589: Was legally invalid and may have been a fraud mounted posthumously. Carver left Fort Michilimackinac at present-day Mackinaw City, Michigan , in the spring of 1766. Taking large fur-trading canoes, he traveled the well-used trade routes of the French. His route took him along the northern coast of Lake Michigan , cut across to the Door Peninsula (what is now Door County ) in Wisconsin and proceeded along

7654-405: Was literate, taught himself surveying and cartography, and may have studied medicine at one time. He also apprenticed as a cobbler. On October 20, 1746, he married Abigail Robins and they eventually had five children together. Around 1748, Carver moved his young family to Montague, Massachusetts , at the time a small frontier settlement, where he served as a selectman . In 1755 Carver joined

7743-465: Was outraged. He believed that he had been legitimately hired by the Crown to map and explore the newly acquired territory. He believed that he had possibly identified a Northwest Passage. He had spent two years working and was left with little to show for it but debt, maps and log books. No one seemed interested. In 1769 Carver left for England to petition the government for his promised payment and to claim

7832-502: Was sent to minister to the French Canadians at Mendota. He had a chapel he named for St. Paul built on the bluff above the riverboat landing downriver from Fort Snelling. Galtier informed the settlers that they were to adopt the chapel 's name for the settlement and cease the use of "Pig's Eye". In 1847, New York educator Harriet Bishop moved to the settlement and opened the city's first school. The Minnesota Territory

7921-429: Was under suspicion of plotting treason against England. On December 6, 1767, Rogers was arrested, charged with treason, placed in irons, and put in solitary confinement. While he had a cold, miserable winter in an unheated guardhouse, Carver probably used this time to prepare his journal of the expedition for publication. In the spring of 1768, Carver and Rogers took the first available ship to Detroit. Carver travelled in

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