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44-852: Mezőtúr lies in the centre of the Great Hungarian Plain , on the banks of the Hortobágy-Berettyó , near the Budapest– Szolnok – Békéscsaba railway line. The town was founded in the Middle Ages and it was called Túr after the river Berettyó, which was formerly named Túr. Later it was named Mezőtúr ( mező means field, referring to the good soil of the Great Plain.) The town was first mentioned under King Andrew II (1205–1235) as villa Tur . The shortest road between Buda and Transylvania led through Mezőtúr, which

88-448: A disused storage track. There are daily trains between Mezőtúr and Szolnok , Mezőtúr and Orosháza - Mezőhegyes , as well as being on the important Budapest Keleti -Szolnok- Békéscsaba - Lőkösháza railway line with daily trains to Budapest , among others. There used to be rail service to the nearby town of Túrkeve , but this railroad was closed in the 1960s due to low ridership, and the tracks later removed. The current mayor of Mezőtúr

132-475: A sharp cliff or other vertical terrain. The name may instead come from Indo-European * kwerp 'to turn', akin to Old English hweorfan 'to turn, change' (English warp ) and Greek καρπός karpós 'wrist', perhaps referring to the way the mountain range bends or veers in an L-shape. Both the plain and the basin overlap significantly with the Pannonian mixed forests ecoregion . The plain or basin

176-539: Is Dániel Szűcs (Fidesz-KDNP). The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections , is made up of 12 members (1 Mayor, 8 Individual constituencies MEPs and 3 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances: Mezőtúr is twinned with: Great Hungarian Plain The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld , Hungarian : Alföld [ˈɒlføld] or Nagy Alföld )

220-564: Is a plain occupying the majority of the modern territory of Hungary . It is the largest part of the wider Pannonian Plain (however, the Great Hungarian Plain was not part of the ancient Roman province Pannonia ). Its territory significantly shrank due to its eastern and southern boundaries being adjusted by the new political borders created after World War I when the Treaty of Trianon was signed in 1920. Its boundaries are

264-626: Is a geomorphological subsystem of the Alps-Himalaya system , specifically a sediment-filled back-arc basin which spread apart during the Miocene . The Pannonian plain is divided into two parts along the Transdanubian Mountains (Hungarian: Dunántúli-középhegység ). The northwestern part is called Western Pannonian plain (or province ) and the southeastern part Eastern Pannonian plain (or province ). They comprise

308-516: Is also associated with Pannonian Steppe . The Danube and Tisza rivers divide the basin roughly in half. It extends roughly between Vienna in the northwest, Košice in the northeast, Zagreb in the southwest, Novi Sad in the south and Satu Mare in the east. The Danube enters the basin from its northwest through a valley that splits the Alps and the Bohemian Forest . It runs through

352-802: Is diagonally bisected by the Transdanubian Mountains , separating the larger Great Hungarian Plain (including the Eastern Slovak Lowland ) from the Little Hungarian Plain . It forms a topographically discrete unit set in the European landscape, surrounded by imposing geographic boundaries—the Carpathian Mountains to north and east, the Dinaric Alps to south and southwest and the Alps to west. The plain

396-1041: Is used in Hungarian literature , while the West Slavic languages ( Czech , Polish and Slovak ), the Serbo-Croatian , German and Romanian languages use Pannonian Basin (in Hungarian the basin is known as Kárpát-medence , in Czech ; Panonská pánev , in Polish ; Panoński Basen , in Slovak ; Panónska panva , in Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian: Panonski bazen /Панонски базен, in German ; Pannonisches Becken , and in Romanian ; Câmpia Panonică or Bazinul Panonic ). The East Slavic languages , namely Ukrainian , use

440-1195: The Gulyásfesztivál ( Goulash Festival) in Szolnok , the Hídi Vásár (Bridge Fair) in Hortobágy National Park , the Hunniális at Ópusztaszer , the Szabadtéri Játékok (Open-air Theater) in Szeged , the Várjátékok (Castle Games) in Gyula , the Virágkarnevál (Flower Carnival) in Debrecen and the Bajai Halászléfőző Népünnepély (Fisherman's Soup Boiling Festival) in Baja . The part of

484-763: The Kingdom of Hungary . Following World War One and the instability in Hungary , it became a part of the Hungarian Kingdom . During World War Two, Mezőtúr was occupied by the German Army before being fought over by the Soviets , who captured Mezőtúr in late 1944. The city was damaged; the railway bridge over the Hortobágy-Berettyó river was destroyed, requiring the current one to be built after

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528-681: The Austrian Empire (in 1804) and later became Austria-Hungary (in 1867). Most of the plain was located within the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, since all other Habsburg possessions in the plain were integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary until 1882. The autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , which was one of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen , comprised the south-western portion of

572-513: The Carpathians in the north and east, the Transdanubian Mountains and the Dinaric Alps in the southwest, and approximately the Sava river in the south. Its territory covers approximately 52,000 km (20,000 sq mi) of Hungary, approximately 56% of its total area of 93,030 km (35,920 sq mi). The highest point of the plain is Hoportyó (183 m (600 ft));

616-580: The Dinaric Alps together with the Danube forms a conditional northern limit of Balkan peninsula . It also enters the Danube at southern portion of the Pannonian Basin. Other rivers include Drava , Mureș , Great Morava , Drina and many others. In western portion of Pannonia is located Lake Balaton . Although rain is not plentiful, the plain is a major agricultural area. It is sometimes said that these fields of rich loamy loess soil could feed

660-536: The Eurasian Steppe . [REDACTED] Media related to Great Hungarian Plain at Wikimedia Commons 47°00′N 20°30′E  /  47.000°N 20.500°E  / 47.000; 20.500 Pannonian Plain The Pannonian Basin or Carpathian Basin is a large sedimentary basin situated in southeast Central Europe . After the Treaty of Trianon following World War I,

704-999: The Kingdom of the Lombards , the Avar Khaganate , the West Slavic state of Samo , the Bulgarian Empire, the Frankish Empire , Great Moravia , the Lower Pannonian Principality and the Kingdom of Syrmia . The Principality of Hungary established in 895 by the Magyars was centered on the plain and included almost all of it (as did the former Avar Khaganate). It was established as the Catholic Kingdom of Hungary in AD 1000, with

748-625: The Ottoman Empire , while the remainder to the north-west was subsumed into the holdings of the Habsburg monarchy and retitled Royal Hungary . Under Ottoman administration, the plain was reorganised into the Eyalet of Budim , the Eyalet of Egri , the Eyalet of Sigetvar and the Eyalet of Temeşvar . The Pannonian Plain was frequently a scene of conflict between the two empires. At the end of

792-656: The Pannonian Sea , a shallow sea that reached its greatest extent during the Pliocene Epoch , when three to four kilometres of sediments were deposited. The plain was named after the Pannon named Medes. Various different peoples inhabited the plain during its history. In the first century BC, the eastern parts of the plain belonged to the Dacian state, and in the first century AD its western parts were subsumed into

836-1179: The Proto-Indo-European root *pen- , "swamp, water, wet" (cf. English fen , "marsh"; Hindi pani , "water"). The name "Carpates" is highly associated with the old Dacian tribes called " Carpes " or " Carpi " who lived in a large area from the east, northeast of the Black Sea to the Transylvanian Plain in present day Romania and Moldova. The name Carpates may ultimately be from the Proto Indo-European root *sker- / *ker- , which meant mountain, rock, or rugged (cf. Germanic root *skerp- , Old Norse harfr "harrow", Gothic skarpo , Middle Low German scharf "potsherd", and Modern High German Scherbe "shard", Old English scearp and English sharp , Lithuanian kar~pas "cut, hack, notch", Latvian cìrpt "to shear, clip"). The archaic Polish word karpa meant 'rugged irregularities, underwater obstacles/rocks, rugged roots, or trunks'. The more common word skarpa means

880-748: The Roman Empire . The Roman province named Pannonia was established in the area, and the city of Sirmium , today Sremska Mitrovica , Serbia , became one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century. In the Age of Migrations and the early Middle Ages , the region belonged to several realms such as the Hun Empire , the Kingdom of the Gepids , the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths ,

924-485: The geomorphological term Pannonian Plain became more widely used for roughly the same region, referring to the lowlands in the area occupied by the Pannonian Sea during the Pliocene Epoch. The term Pannonian Plain refers to the lowland parts of the Pannonian Basin as well as those of some adjoining regions like Lower Austria , Moravia , and Silesia ( Czech Republic and Poland ). The lands adjoining

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968-656: The 17th century the Habsburgs won decisive battles against the Ottomans , and most of the plain gradually came under Habsburg rule. Under Habsburg rule the region was eventually reorganised into the Kingdom of Hungary, the Banat of Temeswar , the Military Frontier , the Kingdom of Croatia , the Kingdom of Slavonia and Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat . The Habsburg Monarchy was subsequently transformed into

1012-808: The Great Hungarian Plain with the Early Neolithic Körös culture , located in present-day Serbia, 6000-5500 B.C.E. followed 5500 B.C.E. by the Linear Pottery culture (LBK) which later became the dominant agricultural culture of Europe. The LBK was followed by the Lengyel culture in the Late Neolithic 5000-3400 BC. During the Early Bronze Age (2000 - 1800 BC), the growing demand for metal ores in Europe resulted in

1056-583: The Iron Age, showed an eastern genomic influence contemporary with introduced Steppe burial rites. There was also a transition towards lighter pigmentation. The Hungarian plain became the heartland of the Eurasian nomads , being in its natural environment similar to the Pontic–Caspian steppe . The plain had formed the base for Huns , Avars , Magyars , Cumans , Jasz people and other nomadic tribes from

1100-438: The ancient Pannonia, while Great Hungarian Plain was not part of it: In terms of modern state boundaries, the Pannonian Basin centres on the territory of Hungary , which lies entirely within the basin, but it also covers parts of southern Slovakia , southeast Poland , western-southwest Ukraine , western Romania , northern Serbia , northeast Croatia , northeast Slovenia , and eastern Austria . The term Carpathian Basin

1144-404: The center of the basin escaping at southeast portion where South Carpathians transition to Dinaric Alps and Balkan Mountains . The Tisza enters the basin from northeast running downhill from the Eastern Carpathians , it continues southwest and south until joins the Danube at southern portion of the basin. Another important river of the region is Sava which running along the eastern foothills of

1188-436: The coronation of Stephen I of Hungary . The Kingdom of Hungary by the 11th century comprised the entire Pannonian Basin, but the changing fates of this part of Europe during the Ottoman wars of the 14th to 17th centuries left the Pannonian basin divided between numerous political entities. After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the central and eastern regions of the kingdom and the plain on which they lay were incorporated into

1232-481: The eastern region of the Great Hungarian Plain. In 2014, a major study of DNA from burials in the Great Hungarian Plain was published. The 5,000-year record indicated significant genomic shifts at the beginning of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with periods of stability in between. The earliest Neolithic genome was similar to other European hunter-gatherers and surprisingly there was no evidence of lactase persistence at that period. The most recent samples, from

1276-401: The exception of Little Hungarian Plain (which is only around 15% of the territory of ancient Pannonian Transdanubia) hills and mountains dominate the landscape, so real plains are very rare on that territory. The largest plain of Ancient Roman Pannonia province is located in Slavonia in Croatia and Voivodine in modern Serbia. Julius Pokorny derived the name Pannonia from Illyrian , from

1320-420: The following sections: Note: The Transylvanian Plateau and the Lučenec-Košice Depression (both parts of the Carpathians) and some other lowlands are sometimes also considered part of the Pannonian Plain in non-geomorphological or older divisions. Relatively large or distinctive areas of the plain that do not necessarily correspond to national borders include: The Pannonian Basin has its geological origins in

1364-416: The geography of Hungary. Parts of Pannonian Croatia can be considered an extension of Alföld , particularly eastern Slavonia and the connected parts of Syrmia . The portion of the plain located in Slovakia is known as the Eastern Slovak Lowland . The part of the plain located in Ukraine is known as the Transcarpathian Lowland . In Romania, the plain (Rom. câmp or câmpia, from Lat. campus) includes

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1408-551: The lowest point is the Tisza River. The terrain ranges from flat to rolling plains. The most important Hungarian writers inspired by and associated with the plain are Ferenc Móra and Zsigmond Móricz , as well as the poets Sándor Petőfi and Gyula Juhász . Hungarian scientists born on the plain include Zoltán Bay , physicist; János Irinyi , chemist, inventor of the noiseless match; János Kabay , pharmacologist; Gábor Kátai , physician and pharmacist; and Frigyes Korányi , physician and pulmonologist. The most important river of

1452-416: The new pan-European and intercontinental trade networks. During that period cultures of the Great Hungarian Plain incorporated many elements from the other cultures of Bronze Age Near Eastern, Steppe and Central Europe During the early Iron Age (first millennium BC), a variant of the Central European Hallstatt culture inhabited Transdanubia , while pre-Scythian and later Scythian cultures were found in

1496-401: The plain is the Tisza . The notable cities and towns with medicinal baths are Debrecen , Berekfürdő , Cserkeszőlő , Gyula , Hajdúszoboszló , Orosháza , Szentes and Szolnok . Among the cultural festivals and programmes characteristic of the region are the Csángófesztivál ( Csángó Festival) in Jászberény , the Cseresznyefesztivál ( Sweet Cherry Festival) in Nagykörű ,

1540-414: The plain located in Hungary comprises the following areas: The term is used in Serbia to denote the Hungarian portion of the Pannonian plain . The portion of the Pannonian plain in Serbia is mostly divided into 3 large geographical areas: Bačka , Banat and Srem ( Syrmia ), most of which are located in the Vojvodina province. The term is rarely used in Croatia, and is usually associated there with

1584-444: The plain proper are sometimes also called peri-Pannonian . In English language, the terms "Pannonian Basin" and "Carpathian Basin" are used synonymously. The name "Pannonian" is taken from that of Pannonia , a province of the Roman Empire . The historical province overlapped but was not coterminous with the geographical plain or basin, as only the western part of the territory (known as Transdanubia ) of modern Hungary formed part of

1628-446: The plain. With the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after World War I, the region was divided between Hungary , Romania , Czechoslovakia , Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). The borders drawn in 1918 and 1919 are mostly preserved as those of the contemporary states of Austria , Czech Republic , Hungary , Poland , Slovakia , Serbia , Ukraine , Croatia , and Romania . This

1672-438: The regions of Banat and Crişana . It is referred to in Romanian as The Western Plain ( Câmpia de Vest  [ ro ] ). During the prehistoric era, the Great Hungarian Plain was a place of cultural and technological changes, as well as an important meeting point of cultures of Eastern and Western Europe. It is a region of great archaeological importance to major European cultural transitions. Agriculture began in

1716-458: The terms Tysa-Danube Lowland or Middanubian Lowland ( Ukrainian : Тисо-Дунайська низовина, Середньодунайська низовина ) Pannonian basin vs Carpathian basin: On the territory of present-day Hungary the ancient Roman Pannonia province was located only on Transdanubian territories, however the Great Hungarian Plain was not part of Pannonia province. This comprises less than 29% of modern Hungary, therefore Hungarian geographers avoid

1760-423: The terms "Pannonian Basin" and especially the "Pannonian Plain" terms due to it being considered not only unhistorical but also topologically erroneous term. Because the term "Pannonian" has historically not applied to 80% of the basin's territory, Hungarian geographers and historians use the more accurate term "Carpathian Basin". The other logical problem with the Pannonian "Plain" terminology lies in topography: with

1804-529: The war. A monument was erected near the city hall to commemorate the fighting during the war. Starting in the 16th century and going throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Mezotur produced pottery. The pottery industry slowed in the 1950s, but still is a cultural landmark. The post-office was opened in 1853. Mezőtúr is a large railroad hub, serviced by MÁV . The railway station and the nearby storage shed are very old. There are five passenger tracks with three platforms, with an additional three freight tracks and

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1848-513: The whole of Europe. However, there has been an increase in extreme precipitation events that cause soil erosion in recent years. Knowledge of areas affected by severe soil erosion can lead to the implementation of effective measures to reduce it. For its early settlers, the plain offered few sources of metals or stone. When archaeologists come upon objects of obsidian or chert , copper or gold, they have almost unparalleled opportunities to interpret ancient pathways of trade. The Pannonian Basin

1892-424: Was freed in 1692. After the expelling of the Ottomans and during the revolution led by Prince Rákóczi the citizens had to leave the town twice (1692–1699 and 1705–1710). In the 18th century the town began to prosper again, mainly as an agricultural town. After the Ottoman occupation until 1918, Mezőtúr was part of the Austrian monarchy , province of Hungary; (in Transleithania after the compromise of 1867 ) in

1936-479: Was the only town in the area having a ferry. Because of this advantage the town prospered and King Louis the Great made it a market town. In the 15th century it held famous markets, and its importance grew. Mezőtúr was a royal estate until 1378, later it had various owners, and under King Matthias the town was divided into two parts because it was granted to two different people. During the Ottoman occupation of Hungary , Mezőtúr fell under Ottoman rule in 1562 and

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