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146-802: The Baliem River (or Vriendschaps River ) is a river in the Highland Papua and South Papua provinces of Western New Guinea , Indonesia. It is the largest tributary of the Pulau River , formerly called the Eilanden River. With a total length of 414.2 km (257.4 mi). The river begins as the Baliem Timur (East Baliem) in the northern Maoke Mountains (Snow Mountains) at Lake Habbema in Jayawijaya Regency, north of Mount Trikora. The Baliem Timur flows west to meet

292-501: A big tent government, and by former Singaporean foreign minister George Yeo as "democracy with Javanese characteristics". Following his reelection in 2019, a number of prominent politicians began floating the idea of amending the constitution to permit Jokowi to run for a third term in 2024. Key cabinet members voicing their support for a term limit extension included Coordinating Ministers Airlangga Hartarto and Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan . The proposal became more prominent following

438-421: A hite , which is the bark of an arrow. The Noken is a traditional Papuan bag carried with the head and made of bark fibers, although it is also used as head and body covering. Similar to bags, in general, this bag is used to carry daily necessities. Papuan people usually use it to bring agricultural products such as vegetables, tubers and also to bring merchandise to the market. Because of its uniqueness that

584-549: A 7-km city walk with a 3-meter wide pedestrian walkway along Surakarta's main street, revitalising the Balekambang and Sriwedari parks, employing stricter regulations on cutting down trees along the city's main streets, rebranding the city as a centre of Javanese culture and tourism under the tagline "The Spirit of Java", promoting the city as a centre for meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE), launching healthcare and education insurance program for all residents,

730-570: A Constitutional Court lawsuit but was rejected in its entirety. Despite vowing not to give government positions simply to political allies during the 2014 campaign, many members of political parties received ministerial positions in Jokowi's first cabinet. The first year of Jokowi's administration saw him controlling a minority government until Golkar , the second-largest party in the People's Representative Council (DPR), switched from opposition to

876-408: A billion was allocated. Between 2015 and 2018, IDR 187 trillion (US$ 14 billion) had been reallocated through the program. The administration has targeted to streamline land certification across the country, aiming to distribute certificates of land ownership across the country completely. It involved increasing the issuing rate of certificates from around 500,000 to several million annually. In 2016,

1022-541: A chisel was a tool used to trim the fingers during mourning of a dead family member. Unfortunately, this culture has been strongly discouraged and sometimes banned by the government and can only be used as a tool in industry. The chisel-making process is not complicated but can take up to two weeks to make. The handle will have Kele Makwy coiled wrappings made from wood fibers and secured using hidden pegs made from ironwood or cassowary bones. Papuan knife blades are usually used for slashing or cutting when hunting animals in

1168-568: A distinct culture and traditions that cannot be found in other parts of Indonesia. Coastal Papuans are usually more willing to accept modern influence into their daily lives, which in turn diminishes their original culture and traditions. Meanwhile, most inland Papuans still preserves their original culture and traditions, although their way of life over the past century are tied to the encroachment of modernity and globalization . Each Papuan tribe usually practices their own tradition and culture, which may differ greatly from one tribe to another. One of

1314-592: A former defence minister and chief justice of the Constitutional Court . In a surprise move, Jokowi announced that Ma'ruf Amin would be his running mate. Mahfud had reportedly been preparing for the vice-presidential candidacy. Ma'ruf was selected instead following a push by several constituent parties of Jokowi's governing coalition and influential Islamic figures. Explaining his decision, Jokowi referred to Ma'ruf's extensive experience in government and religious affairs. The KPU officially announced that

1460-576: A hole dug in the ground and covered with leaves; this cooking method is called bakar batu (burning the stone), and it is an important cultural and social event among Papuan people. In some Papuan communities who are Muslim or when welcoming Muslim guests, pork can be replaced with chicken or beef or mutton or can be cooked separately with pork. This is, for example, practiced by the Welesi and Meteo communities in Jayawijaya Regency to welcome

1606-434: A legislator-issued bill which arranged for indirect elections). Jokowi supported the direct regional elections and opposed attempts to revoke the regulation, stating that "direct regional elections was, in principle, non-negotiable". Within the first three years of his administration, Jokowi issued four such Perppu . Jokowi's government, including parties which opposed him during presidential elections, have been described as

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1752-492: A local bus rapid transit system named Batik Solo Trans and a Solo Techno Park, which helped support the Esemka Indonesian car project. It was during his tenure as mayor that he conducted the blusukan , an impromptu visit to specific areas to listen to people's issues, which proved popular later in his political career. He also prohibited his family members from bidding for city projects, therefore suppressing

1898-467: A merger of old ministries, in addition to renaming and reorganisation of other ministries. He conducted a total of three cabinet reshuffles until 2018, removing ministers such as Rizal Ramli and Bambang Brodjonegoro while including ministers such as Luhut and World Bank Director Sri Mulyani Indrawati . Another reshuffle occurred in December 2020, replacing six ministers including two apprehended by

2044-543: A move aimed to cut imports, oil companies operating in Indonesia were ordered to sell their crude oil to state-owned Pertamina . A ban was also enforced on the exports of raw nickel ore, intended to help promote the development of local nickel-related industries such as smelters and battery factories. The policy was further extended, with export bans of unprocessed copper, tin, bauxite and gold ores expected to come into force in mid 2023. Infrastructure development has been

2190-582: A new province of Okmekmin (its residents had been advocating for a new cultural region of Okmekmin as they consider themselves different from other La Pago tribes). But their inclusion was rejected by Tabi customary council of the original Papua province as well as from the South and Highlands. Local government officials and some residents of the regency threatened to secede and join Papua New Guinea if their demands were not met. On 16 July when

2336-605: A picturesque landscape characterized by deep valleys bordered by imposing mountains, attracting adventurers seeking unique experiences. Facilitated by tour guides, travelers can embark on expeditions to explore scattered traditional villages nestled within these valleys, each adorned with traditional dwellings and lifestyles emblematic of the region's cultural heritage. However, accessing these settlements entails traversing rugged terrains fraught with hazards, including steep gradients, precarious ravines, and river crossings. Highland Papua predominantly consisted of highlands referred to as

2482-523: A plan to regulate health charges for treatment for over 20,000 services and procedures. The program was criticised for confusion over details of the implementation and long queues, though Jokowi defended it and counselled patience. In education, Jokowi launched the 'Smart Jakarta Card' ( Kartu Jakarta Pintar , KJP) on 1 December 2012 to help needy students. It gives an allowance that can be withdrawn from ATMs for buying school needs such as books and uniforms. His administration's other notable policies include

2628-491: A row and tied at the ends using wood barks or rattans. Usually it takes a month to made one piece of armor. Walimo is made from rattan and wood barks. The rattans were cleaned and shaped till they have rounded cross-section, then woven like forming a basket and shaped to be worn like a shirt. Their function is to protect the body from arrows from piercing the body, other uses include worn for ceremonial purposes and as part of traditional dance attire. Pikon  [ id ]

2774-548: A ruling which created a loophole for the minimum age requirement of presidential and vice-presidential candidates, hence allowing Jokowi's son Gibran Rakabuming Raka to run as Prabowo's running mate in 2024. Usman was later reprimanded by a judicial panel for the decision and was made to step down as Chief Justice. On 12 February 2024, investigative journalist Dandhy Laksono released a documentary on YouTube directed by him, titled Dirty Vote , alleging that Jokowi used state funds to support Prabowo's campaign. Prabowo ultimately won

2920-532: A significant feature of the Jokowi administration, focusing on road and railway expansion, seaports and airports development, and irrigation. In 2016, the state budget allocated Rp 290 trillion (US$ 22 billion) for infrastructure, the biggest in Indonesian history. In total, his administration planned 265 infrastructure projects starting in 2016. In September 2015, Indonesia awarded a $ 5.5 billion high-speed rail project to China, to Japan's disappointment, which

3066-549: A significant threat to agriculture, often resulting in crop failures and, in severe cases, famine . One such instance occurred in Kuyawage, Lanny Jaya, where frost-induced hardships were observed. However, the delivery of aid to such areas is hindered by minimal infrastructure and the presence of the Free Papua Movement , a terrorist group operating in the region. In contrast, the southern and northern flanks of

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3212-560: A smear campaign after declaring his intention to run for the governorship of Jakarta . A group calling itself Save Solo, Save Jakarta and Save Indonesia Team (TS3) reported him to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) for allegedly having facilitated misuse of education funds by his subordinates in Surakarta in 2010. The KPK investigated the allegation, found it was based on false data and said there

3358-541: A souvenir. The traditional food of Papuan from the Central Highland , usually consists of roasted boar with Tubers such as sweet potato ( hipere ) as the staple food. This is unlike the staple foods in the lowlands of Western New Guinea and eastern Indonesia in general with sago , or western Indonesian cuisines that favour rice as their staple food. In Highland Papua, pig roast which consists of pork and yams are roasted in heated stones placed in

3504-403: A spear to carry garden produce. If this rule was broken, the person who wielded this spear would have bad luck. Meanwhile, in the manufacturing process, this spear frame takes a long time. Starting from the wood taken from the tree, then cut to the size of 3 m and dried in the sun. After drying it in the sun, the wood for the handle is shaped in such a way, then rubbed with sea snail powder until it

3650-771: A staple food among local tribes. Examples of such valleys include the Baliem Valley in Jayawijaya Regency and the Toli Valley in Tolikara Regency. Moreover, these mountains serve as the wellspring for major rivers on Papua Island, notably the Mamberamo River flowing north and the Digul River coursing southward. Certain regions in this province are susceptible to frost , a consequence of extreme cold temperatures. This climatic phenomenon poses

3796-462: A system of bureaucratic recruitment called lelang jabatan (literally 'auction of office position'), giving every civil servant the same opportunity to achieve a certain position by fulfilling the required qualifications, regulation of the chaotic agglomeration of street vendors in Pasar Minggu and Pasar Tanah Abang, the dredging and reservoir normalisation projects to reduce flooding, and

3942-475: Is 4.1–4.3 mg/L. The flow rate is 0.09–0.92 m/det.; clarity 17–160 cm and depth 0.60–3.7 meter. The acidity level of the Baliem is considered good for the growth of water organisms, such as fish. In Baliem also lives a kind of animal with high cultural value for the local people; valued as high as yam ( hipiri ) and pig ( wam ). It belongs to Cherax spp which lives in the mud. At night, it rises from

4088-486: Is a door leading to the attic. Weapons and armors from these section is from Dani people of Kurulu District of Jayawijaya . The Papuan spear is referred to by the local community as "Tul". The spear was a weapon that could be used for both fighting and hunting. In addition, Papuan culture often uses the spear as a property in dances. The material used to construct the spears are from Papuan ironwood called Kayu Yoli or blackwood called Kayu Yomalo , river stone that

4234-399: Is a traditional house called honai . Honai is a traditional Papuan house, especially in the mountainous region . The basic shape of the honai is a circle with a wooden frame and woven walls and a conical roof made of straw. The honai is spread across almost all corners of the Baliem Valley which covers an area of 1,200 square kilometres. The distance from the surface of the house to

4380-465: Is a traditional wind instrument typical of the highland tribes such as Hubula , more commonly called Dani, inhabiting the Baliem Valley . Pikon comes from the word Pikonane in the Dani language , which means a sound musical instrument. While Walak people called it Goknggaik and Lani people called it Longger . Pikon consists of vibrating sticks which are attached with a rope in the middle, so that it

4526-462: Is able to produce a variety of sounds. Originally the sticks are made of wood or bamboo but iron have been used to produce higher pitch sound. This musical instrument is generally played by men in the Dani tribe. They play pikon as a fatigue reliever, even though the resulting sound tends not to be melodious because it is just like the sound of birds chirping without tone. However, with the development of

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4672-488: Is also vying for the project. Indonesia's transportation ministry laid out a litany of shortcomings in plans for the project, casting doubt on the project and spotlighting Jokowi's limits in turning mega-projects into reality as he tries to draw foreign investors. Other significant projects include the completion of the 4,325-kilometre Trans Papua road and the Trans-Java Toll Road , initial construction of

4818-487: Is an Indonesian politician and businessman who served as the seventh president of Indonesia from 2014 to 2024. Previously a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), he was the country's first president to not emerge from the country's political or military elite. He previously served as governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014 and mayor of Surakarta from 2005 to 2012. Jokowi

4964-738: Is an indivisible part of Unitary State of Republic of Indonesia and will not be separated from Bangsa Indonesia (Indonesian Nation) from Sabang to Merauke . In December, the government issued Law No. 12 of 1969 concerning the Establishment of the Autonomous Province of West Irian and Autonomous Regencies in the Province of West Irian. One of them was Jayawijaya Regency which included the Local Government areas of Baliem, Bokondini, Tiom, and Oksibil . This regency

5110-400: Is called agarowa as a place to rest, tell stories or chat, and eat. The upper part of the attic or floor is made of fruit wood and covered with woven lokop wood (a kind of very small bamboo) and can be covered again with straw or dry grass. There is usually only one door in the honai , which is small and short so that people come out and enter on all fours. To the left or right of the entrance

5256-514: Is carried with its head, this noken is registered with UNESCO as one of the traditional works and world cultural heritage. On 4 December 2012, the noken was listed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists as a cultural heritage of Indonesia . In several areas of Papua, noken – instead of the usual ballot box – is preferred as a way to place ballots, where it is recognized as a ballot tool in

5402-474: Is even one of the legacies of Indonesia's prehistoric times. In Papuan culture, this dance is a symbol of how strong and brave the Papuan people are. Allegedly, this dance was once a part of traditional ceremonies when fighting other tribes and now can be seen preserved during Baliem Valley Festival. The dancers who perform this dance are a group of men, the number starts from seven people or more. They danced to

5548-505: Is little correlation between the size or length of the koteka and the social status of the wearer. In 1971–1972 the Indonesian New Order government launched "Operasi Koteka" ("Operation Penis Gourd") which consisted primarily of trying to encourage the people to wear shorts and shirts because such clothes were considered more "modern". But the people did not have changes of clothing, did not have soap, and were unfamiliar with

5694-776: Is remembered as the namesake of the Carstensz Pyramid, the highest peak in Oceania, and the Carstensz Range. In 1920, van Overeem and Kremer led an expedition that successfully discovered the Swart Valley, now known as the Toli Valley in Tolikara Regency , and the Lani people who lived there. This exploration further led to the discovery of Lake Habema and allowed for access to Wilhelmina Peak from

5840-442: Is sharp, which takes about 1 week. In traditional Papuan customs, the spear is interpreted as a symbol of a man's prowess. Therefore, the spears must always be properly stored. Usually hung from the ceiling or placed on a house wall support. The bow and arrow is a traditional Papuan weapon that is used for hunting wild boar and other animals. In addition, the Papuan bow and arrow were tools that were always carried side by side with

5986-477: Is steep and covered in snow. During their journey, the expedition members rested and witnessed a traditional procession in the village of the Pesechem or Pesegem tribe. Following this initial expedition, de Bruyn, Franssen Herderschee, Karel Doorman , and others conduct their own expedition to explore and document the interior regions of Papua that had previously been unexplored by outsiders. Today, Jan Carstenszoon

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6132-551: Is still being carried out today. This tradition symbolizes harmony, unity, and strength that comes from within a person and within a family. According to the culture of the Dani people, family is the most valuable pedestal that a human has, fingers are believed to symbolize the existence and function of a family itself. So that the tradition of cutting is carried out when someone loses a family member or relative such as husband, wife, children, younger siblings and older siblings forever. For Dani people, sadness and grief due to adversity and

6278-403: Is still open, oxygen can still flow inside. The honai is supported by 4 main poles called heseke, which are stuck in the ground at a certain distance (about 1 metre) so that they are square. In the middle of this main pillar is placed a fireplace called a round wulikin . An honai is made in an attic so that it is divided into two rooms, at the top it is called henaepu as a bed and the bottom

6424-525: The 2024 presidential election . He also held meetings with leaders of political parties in his capacity as president. In September 2023, during a public rally, Jokowi stated that he was in possession of intelligence information collected by government agencies (naming BIN and BAIS ) on internal workings of political parties. In October 2023, Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia Anwar Usman (Jokowi's brother-in-law) made

6570-477: The COVID-19 pandemic , due to disruptions to government programs in his second term. By April 2022, Jokowi explicitly announced that he would not be seeking a third term, and ordered his cabinet to refrain from publicly speaking about a term limit extension or an election delay. While not running for a third term, Jokowi explicitly stated to media outlets that he would not be a neutral actor, and will "meddle" in

6716-678: The Central Range montane rain forests zone from a height of around 1,000 - 3,000 meters above sea level and the Central Range sub-alpine grasslands 3,000 meters above sea level. Its flora and fauna are similar to Australia such as bird-of-paradise and echidna . One of the conservation areas established to protect this region is Lorentz National Park , which is the largest national park in Southeast Asia. Religion in Highland Papua (2022) The native Papuan people has

6862-399: The Constitutional Court of Indonesia . The law, which revised over 70 previous laws and contained some 1,200 clauses, had been put forward by Jokowi following his 2019 re-election. Several groups had criticised the opaqueness of the government during the deliberation of the law. In the same year, Indonesia hit the lowest inflation level in history and faced the first economic recession since

7008-626: The EU Regulation on Deforestation-free products (EUDR), which aims to prevent products linked to deforestation from reaching the EU market. Early in his first term, the opposition coalition within the DPR attempted to revoke a regulation ( Perppu , Government Regulation in Lieu of Acts) issued by Jokowi's predecessor, which had guaranteed the holding of direct regional elections in Indonesia (and overrode

7154-784: The New Guinea Highlands , spanning from Central Papua to Papua New Guinea . The Jayawijaya Mountains are located on the Indonesian side of the New Guinea Highlands. This range encompasses peaks exceeding 4000 meters above sea level. Notable peaks within this province include Puncak Trikora , towering at 4,760 meters, and Puncak Mandala , reaching 4,750 meters above sea level. Nestled amidst these lofty peaks are valleys with elevations surpassing 1,500 metres above sea level. Renowned for their fertility, these valleys serve as location for traditional settlement and agricultural land, primarily cultivating sweet potatoes ,

7300-466: The People's Representative Council . The Highland Papua Electoral District consists of all of the 8 regencies in the province, and elects 3 members to the People's Representative Council. According to Statistics Indonesia , Highland Papua's land area is 51,213.330 km . Highland Papua is the first and only province in Indonesia without a seacoast (i.e. it is landlocked ). Highland Papua presents

7446-590: The Trans-Sulawesi Railway and the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road , a US$ 50 billion plan to develop the maritime sector including 24 "strategic ports", and expansion of airport capacity in remote areas. The ports' development and modernisation program, dubbed the " Sea Toll Road " program, was aimed to reduce price inequality between the better developed western parts of the country and the less populated eastern parts. In addition to

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7592-468: The colo-colo sambal combination which has a spicy-sweet taste. Extensive mountainous terrain and underdeveloped infrastructure highlight the crucial role of air transportation in Highland Papua. Each regency capital have its own airport listed below: In addition, numerous airfield cater to isolated districts and villages with limited infrastructure (some aren't even paved). These airfields are supported by pioneering routes ( rute perintis ) subsidized by

7738-475: The mayoral race in Surakarta in 2005 with F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo as his running mate, with the support of PDI-P and the National Awakening Party . The pair won 36.62% of the vote against the incumbent Slamet Suryanto and two other candidates. During the campaign, many questioned his background as a property and furniture businessman. However, one academic paper claimed his leadership style

7884-451: The 1997 Asian Financial crisis. In November 2021, Jokowi promised to end and reverse deforestation in Indonesia by 2030, in the COP26 climate summit 's first major agreement. The European Commission officially approved a measure to phase out palm oil -based biofuels by 2030. During a meeting with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen , Jokowi expressed concern about

8030-478: The 20th century that the tribes residing in the Papuan Highlands Province made contact with the outside world. The first recorded contact was made during an expedition led by Hendrikus Albertus Lorentz in 1909 with representatives from Pesegem ( Nduga people misidentified as Dani ). The purpose of the expedition was to find a path to reach Wilhelmina Peak (now known as Trikora Peak ), which

8176-656: The Baliem Barat (West Baliem) before turning north. After traveling underground for several kilometers through a sinkhole in an area of Karst limestone geology, it emerges and travels northeast to near Tiom in Lanny Jaya Regency. This section of the river was formerly known as the Noordelijke Baliem (North Baliem) in Dutch. After flowing east through Lanny Jaya, the Baliem turns southeast as it enters

8322-557: The Banjarsari Gardens without incident, a helpful move in revitalising the functions of the open green space; he emphasised the importance of business firms engaging in community activities; he improved communications with the local community by appearing regularly on local television. As a follow-up of the city's new branding, he applied for Surakarta to become a member of the Organization of World Heritage Cities , which

8468-681: The Central Mountains feature lower-lying plains. These lowland areas are home to key urban centers, such as the capitals Yahukimo in Dekai and Nduga in Kenyam. While these locales are not subject to the extreme cold of the mountains, they face their own challenges. The warmer climate makes them vulnerable to malaria outbreaks, necessitating concerted efforts in disease control and prevention. In terms of ecoregion (ecosystem and biodiversity area), Highland Papua can be divided into two. Namely

8614-658: The Constitutional Court rejection over all claims and disputes related to the 2024 presidential election, the PDI-P Honorary Council declared that both Jokowi and Gibran would no longer be PDI-P members, thus, confirming their separation from PDI-P. Despite that, in their termination, Jokowi and Gibran are still allowed to retain their membership card, because the PDI-P still honored them as the sitting/outgoing president and incoming vice president respectively. However, their cards now do not grant them any rights within

8760-479: The Dutch government, led by Frits Veldkamp, established a government post in the region to consolidate its authority in the interior. As a result, several villages, airfields, and infrastructure facilities were erected, laying the groundwork for a town that would later become known as Wamena . December 10, 1956 marked the official establishment of the Dutch government post, and the date is now commemorated as founding day of Wamena. The Star Mountains , are located in

8906-603: The Highland Papua autonomous region, to be the center of information for the new province. After Law no. 16 of 2022 was inaugurated, the regents in the new province collaborated with the Ministry of Home Affairs through the Kelompok Kerja (Pokja) III Task Force to support the New Autonomous Region to establish the location of the governor's office and temporary service, the provisional budget prior to

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9052-614: The Jayawijaya Regency were finally reunited into the Highland Papua Province in 2022. Since it was incorporated to Indonesia, this area has been marked by acts of violence by the pro-independence group Free Papua Organization (OPM). Several incidents caused by Free Papua Organization include research team hostage in Mapenduma in 1996, killing of Istaka Karya workers who were building a bridge in Nduga in 2018, and

9198-519: The Joko Widodo-Ma'ruf Amin ticket had won the election in the early hours of 21 May 2019. The official vote tally was 85 million votes for Jokowi (55.50%) and 68 million votes for Prabowo (44.50%). Supporters of Prabowo protested in Jakarta against the result, and it turned into a riot which left eight people dead and over 600 injured. Following the protests, Prabowo's campaign team launched

9344-532: The KPK. He was criticised by PDI-P over perceived policy weaknesses, and PDI-P legislator Effendi Simbolon called for his impeachment. On 9 April 2015, during a PDI-P Congress, party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri referred to Jokowi as a functionary. She noted that presidential candidates are nominated by political parties, hinting that Jokowi owed his position to the party and should carry out its policy line. Several months prior, Megawati and Jokowi had disputed over

9490-623: The Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is 21 °C. The warmest month is March, when the average temperature is around 22 °C, and the coldest is July, at 18 °C. The average annual rainfall is 6222 mm. The wettest month is May, with an average of 708 mm rainfall, and the driest is January, with 348 mm rainfall. 5°28′S 138°53′E  /  5.467°S 138.883°E  / -5.467; 138.883 Highland Papua Formally established on 12 November 2022 from

9636-541: The Papua regional leadership elections. The koteka is a penis sheath traditionally worn by native male inhabitants of some (mainly highland) ethnic groups in New Guinea to cover their genitals. They are normally made from a dried-out gourd , Lagenaria siceraria , although unrelated species such as pitcher-plant Nepenthes mirabilis , are also used. They are held in place by a small loop of fiber attached to

9782-562: The Wamena Mall. The temporary governor's office sign was installed on 6 September 2022 but was vandalised a day later by 9 members of the Jayawijaya Regency Student Association (HMKJ) who were eventually arrested by the police. The province follows the original administrative boundaries of Jayawijaya Regency as it existed between 1969 and December 2002. Culturally, Highland Papua roughly covers

9928-428: The administration signed into law a tax amnesty bill following a lengthy public debate and push back, giving wealthy Indonesians a chance to declare their unreported assets before the government would strengthen rules and oversight around imports and exports. It became the most successful program of its kind in history, with over IDR 4,865 trillion (approximately US$ 366 billion) of previously unreported assets declared to

10074-403: The agricultural industry, and for dowry during weddings but only the ones made from heirloom stones. Furthermore, parang can also be used as home decoration and collection. Papuan armors consists of shields called Wali Moken and worn body armors called Walimo . Wali Moken is made from sea shells and wood barks, it is usually hanged on the neck to protect the torso. Sea shells are arranged in

10220-495: The appointment of a new police chief, with Megawati supporting her former adjutant Budi Gunawan while Jokowi supported Badrodin Haiti . Following his re-election, Jokowi announced his second cabinet on 23 October 2019. He retained several ministers such as Sri Mulyani and Luhut but also included Gojek founder Nadiem Makarim and two-time presidential rival Prabowo Subianto as education and defence ministers, respectively. In

10366-487: The authoritarian and corrupt New Order regime, he would have never expected someone with a lower-class background to become president. The New York Times reported him as saying, "now, it's quite similar to America, yeah? There is the American dream , and here we have the Indonesian dream". Jokowi was the first Indonesian president outside the military or the political elite, and the political commentator Salim Said gave

10512-401: The axe has symbolic meaning during construction of Itonay houses. Papuan Chisels are traditional Papuan weapons that have various uses, such as cutting rattan for weaving, tools for punching holes in wood, as well as emergency tools for stabbing enemies in the event of war. However, most of their functions have now shifted to tools used in the carpentry field. Historically, in ancient times

10658-499: The base of the koteka and placed around the scrotum. A secondary loop placed around the chest or abdomen is attached to the main body of the koteka. It is traditional clothing in certain New Guinea highlands societies including in the Grand Baliem Valley . It is usually worn without other clothing, tied in upward position, although Yali people wore them with body coils made of rattan . Many tribes can be identified by

10804-503: The bill signed into Law No. 16/2022 by President Joko Widodo on 25 July, making it one of Indonesia's three then-youngest provinces, alongside Central Papua and South Papua . It borders Papua New Guinea . In the 17th century, Sailor Jan Carstenszoon recorded the existence of high, snow-covered mountains in the middle of the island, despite its location on the equator. The Europeans referred to this area as terra incognita , meaning an uncharted and mysterious territory. It wasn't until

10950-411: The broad electorate. As mayor, he became personally involved in an incident just before Christmas 2011 when the Surakarta municipality had overdue bills of close to $ 1 million (IDR 8.9 billion) owed to the state-owned electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN). Following its policy of pursuing a more disciplined approach to collecting overdue bills, it imposed a blackout on street lights in

11096-835: The burning of high schools and health centers along with the killing of health workers in the Pegunungan Bintang Regency . In the highlands of Papua, there are also frequent community unrest which caused material losses and casualties, for example the burning of government offices in Yalimo due to the 2021 regional elections, riots in Wamena in 2019 that killed 10 Minang migrants, and clashes between tribes of Lanny Jaya (predominantly Lani and Dani ) against Nduga in Wouma District, Jayawijaya Regency using arrows and burning houses in 2022. Highland Papua

11242-473: The care of such clothes so the unwashed clothing caused skin diseases. There were also reports of men wearing the shorts as hats and the women using the dresses as carrying bags. Nevertheless, regular usage have been decreasing. As of 2019, it is estimated that only 10% highland population (in Central Papua and Highland Papua) regularly uses koteka, and it is only worn during cultural festival or as

11388-451: The ceiling is only about 1 metre. Within the honai, there is a fireplace which is located right in the middle. The thatched roof and wooden walls of the Honai actually bring cool air inside If the air is too cold, the whole house will be warmed by the smoke from the fireplace. For the Dani people , smoke from firewood is no longer unusual for being smoked for a long time. As long as the door

11534-472: The central and mountainous former part of the province of Papua , it is located on the central highlands of Western New Guinea , where it is the first and only landlocked province in Indonesia. The capital of Highland Papua is in Jayawijaya Regency , in Walesi District. The legal provision for the province's establishment was approved by the People's Representative Council on 30 June 2022, with

11680-504: The city just before Christmas. The city government quickly authorised payment, but in settling the bill, protested that the PLN should consider the public interest before taking such action. To reinforce the point, Jokowi made a highly publicised personal visit to the local PLN office to deliver the IDR 8.9 billion in cash in the form of hundreds of bundles of notes and even small coins. In 2010, he

11826-440: The city's bureaucracy, reducing corruption in the process. He also introduced a universal healthcare program, dredged the city's main river to reduce flooding, and inaugurated the construction of the city's subway system . In 2014, Jokowi was nominated as the PDI-P's candidate in that year's presidential election , choosing Jusuf Kalla as his running mate . Jokowi was elected over his opponent, Prabowo Subianto , who disputed

11972-564: The company began exporting its products, and they were successful in international markets. The firm first established a presence in the European market in France, and it was a French customer named Bernard who gave Joko Widodo the nickname "Jokowi". By 2002, Jokowi had become the chairman of Surakarta's furniture manufacturers association. Ultimately he decided to become a politician and promote reform in his home town, Surakarta, after seeing

12118-569: The coronation of tribal chiefs, and the gathering of soldiers. The name of this tradition varies in each region. The name Barapen is from the Biak language , Lago Lakwi ( Lani in Tolikara ) or Logo Lakwi ( Dani in Puncak ), Mogo Gapil ( Paniai ), Kit Oba Isogoa ( Wamena , Jayawijaya ), Kerep Kan ( Nduga ), and Hupon ( Pegunungan Bintang ). It is called the stone-burning tradition because

12264-558: The crash, special operations were deployed, and three individuals were eventually rescued. The survival story of these individuals gained significant media attention at the time. In 1954, a team of missionaries from the American Christian and Missionary Alliance (C&MA), including pastors Lloyd Evan Stone and Einer Mickelson, were flown from Sentani into the Baliem Valley to introduce Christianity. Concurrently,

12410-842: The customary region of La Pago, which include the unrecognized customary region of Okmekmin. The new province comprises eight regencies ( kabupaten ), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 Census and according to the official estimates as at mid 2023. Until 2002 all eight of the current regencies now comprising this province were part of a larger Jayawijaya Regency, but on 11 December 2002 three new regencies were created from parts of that regency - Pegunungan Bintang ( Star Mountains ), Tolikara and Yahukimo . Subsequently, on 4 January 2008 another four new regencies were created from other parts of Jayawijaya Regency - Lanny Jaya , Mamberamo Tengah ( Central Mamberamo ), Nduga and Yalimo . The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to

12556-421: The decision to further increase fuel prices by further removing subsidies. Previous attempts by SBY to do so had resulted in civil unrest. On 1 January 2015, Jokowi took measures that, on the surface, appeared to reduce fuel subsidies. The policy stirred up some demonstrations, with Jokowi citing it as necessary to increase funding for the infrastructure, education and health sectors. However, since March 2015,

12702-474: The entrance exam. Therefore, he enrolled in the newer State Senior High School 6 in that city. After graduating from university, Jokowi began working at PT Kertas Kraft Aceh (KKA), a state-owned firm in Aceh , Sumatra . He worked in the present-day Bener Meriah Regency between 1986 and 1988 as a supervisor of forestry and raw materials at a Sumatran pine plantation. However, Jokowi soon lost interest in

12848-702: The far eastern region near the borders of Indonesia. This area was one of the unexplored territories of the Netherlands until the Royal Netherlands Geographical Society (KNAG), or the Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap , launched an expedition in 1959. The expedition consisted of scientists from various fields, such as zoology, botany, and anthropology. The expedition members not only gained new knowledge about

12994-439: The firm and returned home. He worked in his grandfather's furniture factory for a year before establishing his own company, Rakabu, whose namesake is his first child. He obtained his initial capital from a Rp 15 million investment from his father and a bank loan. The company, which mainly focused on teak furniture, nearly went bankrupt at one point but survived following an IDR 500 million loan from Perusahaan Gas Negara . By 1991,

13140-477: The first year of his second presidential term, his approval rating fell to 45.2%, and the disapproval rating was 52%. His deputy, Ma'ruf Amin, had a 67% disapproval rating. The low ratings were attributed to unpopular policies. At the start of 2023, his approval ratings had reached an all-time high of 76.2%, following easing of COVID-19 restrictions. Before taking office, Jokowi sought for outgoing president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) to take responsibility for

13286-483: The forest. Even though the animals they face are large mammals and crocodiles, the Papuan people still adhere to prevailing customs. The custom is that it is not permissible to use any kind of firearm when hunting. Papuan Daggers are knives made of bones of the cassowary or pigs, 15–20 cm long. It was then sharpened using stone and shaped like a dagger. they were used for ceremonial purposes and to cut vegetables or meat during cooking. The Papuan parang called by

13432-444: The government has set the price of Premium-branded petrol far below the market price, causing the fuel subsidy to be incurred by state-owned oil company Pertamina instead of the direct government account. Additionally, the government also implemented a single-price program, aiming to sell fuel through official channels at the same price nationally, including in isolated parts of Kalimantan and Papua . The government claimed that this

13578-648: The government to increase mobility among the populace. These airfield have limited police and military presence which create high risk for pilot and its passengers. One notable incident is Nduga hostage crisis in 2023 where Free Papua Movement attacked a plane and took its pilot and all five passengers hostage in Paro district of Nduga. Joko Widodo This is an accepted version of this page 7th President of Indonesia [REDACTED] Joko Widodo ( Indonesian: [ˈdʒoko wiˈdodo] ; born Mulyono on 21 June 1961), popularly known as Jokowi ,

13724-455: The government. Jokowi denied accusations of interfering with Golkar's internal affairs, although he admitted that Luhut might have influenced the change. His cabinet's Minister of Industry Airlangga Hartarto was elected chairman of Golkar in 2018. The National Mandate Party (PAN) had also switched sides beforehand but later returned to being the opposition in 2018. Jokowi announced the 34 names in his cabinet on 26 October 2014. While it

13870-461: The highlands. For example, 125 Dani villagers were killed in an attack by an enemy clan on 4 June 1966. There are a lot of traditional dances that are native to the province of Papua. Each Papuan tribe would usually have their own unique traditional dances. Each Papuan tribe usually has their own war dance . The Papuan war dance is one of the oldest dances of the Papuan people because this classical dance has been around for thousands of years and

14016-416: The holy month of Ramadan . Udang selingkuh ( Cherax sp. ) is a type of crawfish dish native to Wamena and the surrounding area. Udang selingkuh is usually served grilled with minimal seasoning, which is only salt. The slightly sweet natural taste of this animal makes it quite salty. The serving of Udang selingkuh is usually accompanied by warm rice and papaya or kale. It is usually also served with

14162-503: The inauguration of long-delayed Jakarta MRT and Jakarta LRT . As governor, Jokowi also appointed a non-Muslim 'lurah' (subdistrict chief) for the Muslim-majority subdistrict of Lenteng Agung despite protests by some residents. Former deputy governor Prijanto claimed that Jokowi had carried out maladministration when abusing government certificate asset of BMW Park by formalising another expired certificate. In 2013, Jokowi

14308-453: The loss of a family member are not only appreciated by crying, but also cutting fingers. The Dani people believes that cutting off a finger is a symbol of the sadness and pain of losing a family member. The finger-cutting tradition is also seen as a way to prevent the recurrence of a catastrophe that claimed the life of a grieving family member. A culture of inter-tribal warfare and animosity between neighboring tribes has long been present in

14454-530: The lowest level since the 1997 Asian financial crisis , and sank lower to 16,700 in 2020. The year-on-year inflation in June 2015 was 7.26%, higher than in May (7.15%) and June the year before (6.7%). Jokowi's administration continued the resource nationalism policy of its predecessor, nationalising some assets controlled by multinational companies such as Freeport McMoRan , TotalEnergies and Chevron . In 2018, in

14600-433: The major projects, the Jokowi administration also implemented a village fund program in which villages across the country received funding to allocate on basic infrastructures such as roads and water supply, tourism development and village enterprises to improve rural economies. The initial campaign promise was that IDR 1.4 billion (around US$ 100,000) would be allocated for every village annually, though as of 2019, less than

14746-424: The most well-known Papuan tradition is the stone burning tradition ( Indonesian : Tradisi Bakar Batu or Barapen ), which is practiced by most Papuan tribes in the province. The stone burning tradition is an important tradition for all indigenous Papuans. For them, is a form of gratitude and a gathering place between residents of the village. This tradition is usually held when there are births, traditional marriages,

14892-506: The name "jalowy". In the manufacturing process, this Papuan machete takes a lot of time. Derived from a split stone, then sharpened and shaped to form a machete that has an edge. To increase the level of hardness and durability, machete craftsmen add pork oil and pork blood before sharpening it multiple times until it is smooth and sharp. Papuan parangs basically has many uses. For household purposes, namely cooking, cutting meat, and cutting down sago. In addition, Papuan machetes are also used in

15038-556: The neat layouts of some European cities while promoting his furniture there. After becoming mayor, he also made a joint venture with politician and former lieutenant general Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan , when the two founded PT Rakabu Sejahtera (from Rakabu and Luhut's PT Toba Sejahtera). In 2018, Jokowi reported his net worth to be Rp 50.25 billion (US$ 3.5 million), mostly in the form of property holdings in Central Java and Jakarta. After first joining PDI-P in 2004, Jokowi ran in

15184-767: The northern side. The Baliem Valley , home to the Dani Tribe, was accidentally discovered by an expedition led by Richard Archbold from the American Museum of Natural History in 1938. This expedition was joined by dozens of Dutch soldiers and Dayak people who acted as porters. The Dutch named the Baliem Valley the Groote Vallei or the Great Valley. In the book titled Lost in Shangri-La published in 2011, author Mitchel Zuckoff uncovered that

15330-456: The outcome of the election, and was inaugurated on 20 October 2014. Since taking office, Jokowi has focused on economic growth and infrastructure development as well as an ambitious health and education agenda. On foreign policy, his administration has emphasised "protecting Indonesia's sovereignty", with the sinking of illegal foreign fishing vessels and the prioritising and scheduling of capital punishment for drug smugglers. The latter

15476-470: The party. Jokowi was born Mulyono at Brayat Minulya General Hospital in Surakarta, on 21 June 1961. Jokowi is of Javanese heritage. He is the only son of Widjiatno Notomihardjo and Sudjiatmi and the eldest of four siblings. His father came from Karanganyar , while his grandparents came from a village in Boyolali . His three younger sisters are Iit Sriyantini, Idayati , and Titik Relawati. Jokowi

15622-477: The policy would increase unemployment rates. In 2020, the DPR passed the Omnibus Law on Job Creation . Though intended to boost investment and reduce red tape , it is also perceived as weakening labour and environmental protections, causing a series of protests in major cities. Jokowi defended the law by saying that it would be needed to create jobs and called for protesters to lodge a challenge instead to

15768-563: The popular view of the politician as "someone who is our neighbour, who decided to get into politics and run for president". In 2018, Jokowi announced that he would run for re-election next year . His vice president Jusuf Kalla was not eligible for another term because of the term limits set for president and vice president. Kalla had already served a five-year term as vice president during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 's first term (2004–2009). Speculation surrounding Jokowi's choice of running mate focused on several candidates, including Mahfud MD ,

15914-421: The population. On 22 July, hours before the announcement of the election results, Prabowo withdrew. Jokowi's victory was expected and realised hours later. The General Elections Commission (KPU) gave him a close victory with 53.15% of the vote (almost 71 million votes), to Prabowo's 46.85% (62 million votes), though Prabowo's camp disputed these totals. After his victory, Jokowi stated that growing up under

16060-616: The presidential candidate of her party. During the campaign, a social media volunteer team, JASMEV , once made a provocative statement by threatening that Islam would not be given a space in Indonesia if Jokowi won the 2014 election. The group was paid IDR 500 million to campaign for the Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla ticket during the 2014 election. Following the release of Quick Count results from many different polls, Jokowi declared victory on 9 July. However, his opponent Prabowo also declared victory, creating confusion among

16206-400: The price of food, housing difficulties, flooding, and transportation. Polling and media coverage suggested that his hands-on style proved very popular both in Jakarta and elsewhere across Indonesia. After taking office, taxes and Jakarta's provincial budget increased significantly from IDR 41 trillion in 2012 to IDR 72 trillion in 2014. Both Jokowi and Ahok publicised their monthly salary and

16352-638: The province was waiting to be formalized, TPNPB gunmen shot and killed eleven civilians (mostly traders from other islands) and injured two others in the village of Nogolait, Nduga Regency. On 22 July, the Highland Papua Secretariat Office was established in Wesaput District, Jayawijaya Regency, by the Tim Daerah Otonomi Baru (DOB) Provinsi Papua Pegunungan , an advocacy group for the formation of

16498-510: The provincial budget. They also initiated programs aimed towards transparency, such as online taxes, e-budgeting, e-purchasing, and a cash management system. Moreover, all meetings and activities that Jokowi and Ahok attended were recorded and uploaded on YouTube. In healthcare, Jokowi introduced a universal health care program, the 'Healthy Jakarta Card' ( Kartu Jakarta Sehat , KJS). It involved an insurance program provided through state-owned insurance company PT Askes Indonesia ( Persero ) and

16644-522: The region and its inhabitants but also managed to climb Juliana Peak, which is now called Mandala Peak . Prior to the expedition, a survey was conducted to find a suitable place for a camp and an airstrip. In 1955, Dutch officials such as Jan Sneep, Nol Hermans, and Pim Schoorl were sent on a small expedition to the Sibil Valley where they met the Sibil or Ngalum people. However, Dutch rule in the region

16790-534: The region was not yet mapped during World War II . The geography of the area was treacherous with its high and cloudy mountains, dense forests, and hostile tribes, leading to numerous fatalities. The most well-known incident took place on May 13, 1945, when Gremlin Special plane crashing into a mountain in Uwambo Village, Pass Valley (now Abenaho District, Yalimo Regency ), north of Baliem Valley. Following

16936-610: The regional elections, the State Civil Apparatus (ASN), as well as grants from each regencies, the parent province, and the central government. Pokja also reviewed the potential location of the future Provincial Government office centre with alternatives offered between Muliama District, Wamena, Megapura, or Hubikiak. Meanwhile, the temporary governor's office is located at the Education Office of Jayawijaya Regency although there are other recommendations such as

17082-700: The republic and proclaimed Sukarno as the Tribal Leader of Highland Papua through a blood oath with their thumbs. Because the blood of Doga was considered to have mixed with that of Sukarno and vice versa, he was later known as Silo Karno Doga and named his district as such. Meanwhile, PEPERA in the Jayawijaya Regency (current Highland Papua) was implemented by Deliberative Council for Determining People's Opinion in Jayawijaya Regency led by Clement Kiriwaib (former member of New Guinea Council ) on 16 July 1969 in Wamena, where they agreed on two decision, West Irian

17228-446: The risk of corruption. His policies brought him into conflict with then provincial governor Bibit Waluyo , who on one occasion called Jokowi a "fool" for the latter's opposition to a provincial construction project in Surakarta. His supporters pointed to rapid positive changes in Surakarta under his leadership and the city's branding with the motto 'Solo: The Spirit of Java '. While in office, he successfully relocated antique stalls in

17374-402: The river and stays on the banks, whereas at sunrise, it goes back into the deep river area. Along the banks, there are swamps, with a high tendency of flooding used by the community to let loose their pig herds. The river basin has a high potential for tourism and agriculture. The river flows in the southern area of Papua with a predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in

17520-454: The river was called Vriendschaps River at the time of Dutch East Indies and Dutch New Guinea , before the course of the river was fully explored. Below Holuwon, the river leaves the southern foothills of the Maoke or Jayawijaya Mountains and becomes a braided river heading to the southwest through the lowland rainforest of South Papua . After 100 kilometers, the Baliem, slightly upstream from

17666-445: The sound of drums and war songs. Their movements were characteristically excited as if they were warriors heading for battle. The Papuan war dance is unique, varied and energetic to indicate the heroism and courage of the Papuan people. Apart from the dancers movements in playing the weapons they carry, the uniqueness of this dance is also seen in the dancers' clothes. Papua is famous for its varieties of traditional houses, one of which

17812-453: The spear. Arrows used for war are called Suap , meanwhile arrows used for hunting birds are called Wam Wakiwy with the difference on the arrowheads. If the aim is to hunt birds, then the arrowheads used are made of Kayu Yomalo and Kayu Dion and made three-pronged with two serrated tips and one not serrated tip, to hunt pigs a bamboo tip is used instead. Meanwhile, when going to war, the indigenous tribes in Papua have rules that require that

17958-424: The spearhead used is made of animal bones or hardwood, meanwhile the shaft is made from Pohon Atar . In addition, arrows also function as property and souvenirs for home decoration in several areas in Papua, including Jayapura , Wamena , and Kurulu. In these areas, arrows are only intended for house collections. The collection of bows and arrows is also not allowed to be placed carelessly, that is, they are placed on

18104-447: The stones are burned until they are hot enough to be used to cook food. Meat, sweet potatoes , and vegetables are placed on top of banana leaves, which are used to cover the hot stone surface. The finger cutting tradition ( Indonesian : Tradisi Potong Jari or Iki Paleg ) is practiced among the Dani people of the Baliem Valley in central Papua. The tradition of cutting fingers on the Dani people has existed since ancient times and

18250-569: The tax office. The opposition criticised the aggressive spending on infrastructure as it increased Indonesia's national debt by 48% between 2014 and March 2018 to US$ 181 billion. They also pointed out that most of the debt was allocated for remunerations rather than infrastructure development. In April 2018, Jokowi also issued a new policy that allows foreign workers in Indonesia without Indonesian language skills requirement, reasoning that it would increase investments. The policy faced significant opposition from local labour unions, who claimed that

18396-508: The times, now the sounds made by Pikon can be heard as do, mi and sol tones. Pikon is also played in the Jayawijaya Baliem Valley Cultural Festival commemorating Indonesia's Independence Day . The length of the pikon in general is 5.2 cm. The way to play pikon is to blow the center of the stick that has been given a hole while pulling the rope that joins the sticks. Pikon can also be formed using

18542-658: The village of Kaima, flows into the Pulau River (formerly the Eilanden River), which flows into the Arafura Sea about 100 kilometers southwest on the Casuarina Coast . The Baliem River has a length of about 60–80 km with a width of 15–20 m, flowing through the town of Wamena. The water temperature is around 14 to 18 °C. The acidity of the Baliem River is around 6.8–7.5, and the oxygen level

18688-467: The wall of the house to still respect the culture of the services of the arrow. Papuan Stone Axes are called Jee Jugum usually made from river stones with the colour of green, dark blue, and black. The stones were then split in half, marked according to the design and grinded with another stone. Water is prepared beforehand to cool the stones from getting to hot. They were used for households needs, chop woods, and kill enemies in battlefields. In Kurulu,

18834-430: The way they wear their koteka. Some wear them pointed straight out, straight up, at an angle, or in other directions, which in Lani culture signify the social status of the wearer. The diameter of the koteka can also be a clue. Lani people used a large-diameter koteka called kobewak, which is also used to keep small change and other items, while Yali people used a longer and thinner koteka. Contrary to popular belief, there

18980-586: The wide, flat Great Baliem Valley . In the center of the valley, it meanders southeast to meet the Uwe River in the town of Wamena , the capital of Highland Papua province. South of Wamena, the river plunges southeast through a steep gorge with many rapids and waterfalls and is joined by the Mugi and Kwik rivers. 70 kilometers southeast of Wamena the Heluk River enters the Baliem near Holuwon village. From here,

19126-504: Was re-elected for a second term , again running with Hadi. They won 90.09% of the vote, losing in only a single polling station. He was later chosen as the 'Tempo Leader of Choice' by Tempo news magazine (2008) and received a 'Changemakers Award' from Republika newspaper (2010); his name also started being considered in national polls for the governorship of Jakarta, long before PDI-P's nomination, including those by University of Indonesia and Cyrus Network (2011). In 2012, Jokowi faced

19272-446: Was achieved in 2017. In the first quarter of 2015, year-on-year GDP grew 4.92%, and in the second quarter, it grew 4.6%, the lowest figure since 2009. Since then, growth has remained above the 5% mark, which is still below what is considered a healthy economic growth mark of 6%. The Indonesian rupiah (IDR) has also weakened throughout Jokowi's administration, with its exchange rate per US dollar briefly passing IDR 15,000 in 2018,

19418-658: Was approved in 2006, and subsequently had the city chosen to host the organisation's conference in October 2008. In 2007, Surakarta had also hosted the World Music Festival (Festival Musik Dunia/FMD), held at the complex of Fort Vastenburg near the centre of the city. The following year, it was held in the Mangkunegaran Palace Complex. Part of Jokowi style was his populist 'can-do' ( punya gaye ) elements designed to build bonds with

19564-525: Was born and raised in a riverside slum in Surakarta. He graduated from Gadjah Mada University in 1985, and married his wife, Iriana , a year later. He worked as a carpenter and a furniture exporter before being elected mayor of Surakarta in 2005. He achieved national prominence as mayor and was elected governor of Jakarta in 2012 , with Basuki Tjahaja Purnama as vice governor. As governor, he reinvigorated local politics, introduced publicised blusukan visits (unannounced spot checks) and improved

19710-564: Was despite intense representations and diplomatic protests from foreign powers, including Australia and France. He was re-elected in 2019 for a second five-year term, again defeating Prabowo Subianto. Near the end of his second presidential term, however, his relationship with PDI-P deteriorated because he supported Prabowo for his 2024 presidential campaign , instead of his own party's presidential candidate, Ganjar Pranowo ; Jokowi's elder son, Gibran Rakabuming Raka , even ran as Prabowo's vice-presidential candidate. On 22 April 2024, after

19856-489: Was formally enacted on 25 July 2022, along with South Papua and Central Papua, and was inaugurated on 12 November. Soon after the approval of the bill for the creation of the province on 30 June, Pegunungan Bintang Regency objected to their inclusion in the new province, stating that their access to public services are much closer to Jayapura than to Wamena , and demanded to stay instead within Papua province or to be created as

20002-663: Was formed on 4 July 1968 to prepare for the execution of Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat or shortened to PEPERA. To support PEPERA, tribal leaders from the Central Highlands of Irian, like Alex Doga, Kurulu Mabel (or in some sources Gutelu), and Ukhumiarek Asso, formed PEPERA Headquarters (which currently houses the RRI Wamena branch). Later, these tribal leaders led by Silo Doga, were invited to meet Sukarno in Merdeka Palace . There they declared their loyalty to

20148-430: Was mayor of Surakarta, as well as Basuki Tjahaja Purnama ("Ahok"), his deputy as governor of Jakarta. Jokowi continued the blusukan practice he had adopted as mayor of Surakarta by regularly visiting population centers, especially slums. During these visits, he wore simple, informal clothes and stopped at markets or walked along narrow Jakarta alleys to listen and witness firsthand issues addressed by residents, such as

20294-446: Was no indication Jokowi had misappropriated funds. Despite disappointment from some Surakarta residents that he would not complete his second term as mayor, Jokowi ran in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election and defeated the incumbent Fauzi Bowo in a runoff round. His inner circle of advisers in Jakarta reportedly included people such as F. X. Hadi 'Rudy' Rudyatmo, Sumartono Hadinoto and Anggit Nugroho, who were colleagues while he

20440-865: Was often sick as a toddler, and his name was thus changed—a common practice in Javanese culture —to Joko Widodo, with widodo meaning "healthy" in Javanese . At the age of 12, he started working in his father's furniture workshop. Jokowi's family lived in three different rented homes (one of which the government declared condemned property ) during his youth, which greatly affected him. Later, he organized low income housing in Surakarta during his years as mayor of that city. Jokowi's education began at State Elementary School 111 Tirtoyoso, an ordinary public school. He continued his studies at State Junior High School 1 Surakarta. Later, he wanted to attend State Senior High School 1 Surakarta, but did not score high enough in

20586-404: Was praised for the inclusiveness of women, with Retno Marsudi becoming Indonesia's first female foreign minister, it received criticism for several perceived political inclusions, such as Puan Maharani (daughter of Megawati Sukarnoputri ). The Jokowi administration also saw the formation of two new ministries (Ministry of Public Works and Housing and Ministry of Environment and Forestry ) from

20732-419: Was precursor of the Highland Papua Province. On 11 December 2002, Jayawijaya Regency was divided into Jayawijaya, Yahukimo, Bintang Mountains ( Pegunungan Bintang ), and Tolikara Regencies. Then on 4 January 2008, the remaining Jayawijaya Regency was again divided into Jayawijaya, Lanny Jaya, Nduga, Central Mamberamo ( Mamberamo Tengah ), and Yalimo Regencies. These eight regencies which had originally been part of

20878-521: Was reported to the National Commission on Human Rights over the eviction of the squatters near Pluit . In previous "political contracts", he had vowed not to evict residents to distant locations. Jokowi met with Pluit residents and Komnas HAM to explain the evictions were necessary for restoring water catchment to reduce flooding and that families were being relocated to low-cost apartments. Megawati Sukarnoputri nominated Jokowi to be

21024-401: Was sharpened as a spearhead or instead used to sharpen the tip. For that reason, the spear is able to survive as a weapon that must be present in hunting and fighting activities. What makes this traditional Papuan weapon feel special is that there is a rule not to use a spear other than for hunting and fighting purposes. For example, it is forbidden to cut young tree shoots with a spear, or to use

21170-491: Was short-lived as Dutch New Guinea was annexed into Indonesia in 1963, thus ending Dutch influence in the area. After control of Western New Guinea under UNTEA was incorporated into Indonesia, the government through Ministry of Home Affairs issued decision No. 37 and No.38 of 1968 to form eight Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) in West Irian Province. Regional council of Jayawijaya Highland

21316-415: Was successful because it established an interactive relationship with the people, through which he was able to induce people's strong faith in him. He adopted the development framework of European cities (which he frequently travelled to as a businessman) as a guide for changes in Surakarta. His notable policies as mayor include building new traditional markets and renovating existing markets, constructing

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