102-444: Gharshana ( transl. 'Friction' or 'Clash' ) is a 2004 Indian Telugu -language action thriller film produced by G. Sivaraju, C. Venkatraju, and Kalaipuli S. Thanu . It is directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon , in his Telugu debut. It is the remake of the 2003 Tamil blockbuster, Kaakha Kaakha . Venkatesh and Asin played the lead roles in the film, while the music was composed by Harris Jayaraj , who also composed for
204-513: A crime thriller film written and directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon and Sillunu Oru Kaadhal , opposite Suriya . Her last films were Gautham Vasudev Menon 's Pachaikili Muthucharam and the critically acclaimed Mozhi , both in 2007. Her roles in these two films, as a negative character in the former (which she played for the first time) and as a deaf and mute in the latter earned her widespread appreciation. Among these, Mozhi won her acclaim. Her performance took her very close to winning
306-429: A supernatural horror film directed by Vikas Bahl co - starring Ajay Devgn , R. Madhavan , Janki Bodiwala and Anngad Raaj. It was theatrically released on 8 March 2024, coinciding with Maha Shivaratri . It received mostly positive reviews from critics with praise directed towards the performances and screenplay. It was a commercial success, grossing over ₹ 200 crore (US$ 24 million) worldwide and became
408-452: A comeback to Malayalam and Hindi film industry with critically acclaimed performances in Kaathal – The Core (2023) with Mammootty for which she won her fifth filmfare Lady in the category Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Malayalam and Shaitaan (2024) with Ajay Devgn and R. Madhavan . The latter became the fourth highest grossing Indian film of 2024. Jyothika
510-506: A command over the Telugu language, alongside Sanskrit , Tamil , Meitei , Oriya , Persian , or Arabic , is highly appreciated and respected for learning dances (most significantly Indian Classical Dances ) as dancers could have the tools of these languages to go into the primary material texts. Telugu is natively spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry . Telugu speakers are also found in
612-444: A comment that it was a "strange notion" since the predecessors of Appa Kavi had no knowledge of such a derivation. George Abraham Grierson and other linguists doubt this derivation, holding rather that Telugu was the older term and Trilinga must be the later Sanskritisation of it. If so the derivation itself must have been quite ancient because Triglyphum , Trilingum and Modogalingam are attested in ancient Greek sources,
714-523: A commercial success at the box office. In the audio release of 36 Vayadhinile , and also at the successful release of the film Jyothika she credited Suriya , her husband, and some of her close friends as the major motivation for her comeback.By her fourth Best Actress Award at Tamil Nadu State Film Awards , she became the actress whp wins Maximum Best Actress Title with a record of four. Later in February 2016, director Bramma approached Jyothika to play
816-646: A daughter (Diya; born 2007) and a son (Dev; born 2010). Jyothika owns a film production and distribution company named 2D Entertainment , established by her husband and actor Suriya . Rajsekar Pandian is also a part of 2D. The company was named by the starting letter of Suriya 's children Diya and Dev. The company was established in 2013. The production house won Best Cinematography at 64th National Film Awards for DOP Tirru for 24 (2016) and Best Production Design at 64th National Film Awards for Subrata Chakraborthy, Shreyas Khedekar, and Amit Ray for 24 (2016). At 68th National Film Awards
918-629: A film to be directed by him. In 2018, she appeared as the lead role of Chitra, a housewife to Arvind Swami's character in Mani Ratnam 's film Chekka Chivantha Vaanam . The first look was released on 21 August. The film has a worldwide release on 27 September 2018. She was next seen as a housewife struggling to find her own identity in Kaatrin Mozhi , the Tamil remake of Vidya Balan's Tumhari Sulu . The project, which officially went on
1020-460: A gangster, who escaped the encounter operations, meets his estranged brother Panda, who returns to Hyderabad after fourteen years of crime life, in Mumbai , Maharashtra . Panda has a peculiar tactic: he kills a family member of his opponent, but leaves the opponent alive to rot in failure and depression on the loss of his family member. Dass' gang, aided by Panda's planning, commit major kidnappings in
1122-477: A handful of Telugu inscriptions in the Kakatiya era between 1135 CE and 1324 CE. Andhra is characterised as having its own mother tongue, and its territory has been equated with the extent of the Telugu language. The equivalence between the Telugu linguistic sphere and the geographical boundaries of Andhra is also brought out in an eleventh-century description of Andhra boundaries. Andhra, according to this text,
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#17327799308981224-432: A license. However, Ram lets them off with a warning. When one of Maya's students has a problem with the local kids, who threatened to throw acid on her face, she asks Ram for help. He resolves this problem and a mutual respect grows between them. They begin seeing one another. When Maya gets into a road accident, Ram helps her recover, and they fall in love. Srikanth and his wife, Sandhya, become good friends with Maya. Dass,
1326-430: A literary performance that requires immense memory power and an in-depth knowledge of literature and prosody , originated and was specially cultivated among Telugu poets for over five centuries. Roughly 10,000 pre-colonial inscriptions exist in Telugu. In the precolonial era, Telugu became the language of high culture throughout South India . Vijaya Ramaswamy compared it to the overwhelming dominance of French as
1428-406: A relationship for several years, and whom she was paired with in seven films. She made a comeback in the film 36 Vayadhinile (2015) where her performance was given strong reviews and she received Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress and Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – South for the movie. By Winning her fourth Best Actress Award at Tamil Nadu State Film Awards , she broke
1530-563: A remake of the hit Malayalam film How Old Are You? . Jyothika received critical acclaim for her performance in the film as a middle-aged housewife who sets out to stand on her own. She was awarded the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress and Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress – Tamil . She also received Behindwoods Gold Medals For best Actress and Best Movie Award along with Suriya and also got many nominations for best actress. The film went on to become
1632-449: A shield, and she seemingly dies in Ram's arms after Panda escapes. An enraged Ram, tracks down Panda and the remaining members of his gang, to a dock. He brutally finishes them off, avenging Maya and his friends' deaths. A few months later, Ram, after the death of his fellow squadmates and friends, still continues his job as an IPS officer. The ending scene features Ram calling out to Maya, who
1734-933: Is Tirumala of the Telugu ation. Telugu place names are present all around Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Common suffixes are - ooru, -pudi, -padu, -peta, -pattanam, -wada, - gallu, -cherla, -seema, -gudem, -palle, -palem, -konda, -veedu, -valasa, -pakam, -paka, -prolu, -wolu, -waka, -ili, -kunta, -parru, -villi, -gadda, -kallu, -eru, -varam,-puram,-pedu and - palli . Examples that use this nomenclature are Nellore , Tadepalligudem , Guntur , Chintalapudi , Yerpedu , Narasaraopeta , Sattenapalle , Visakapatnam , Vizianagaram , Ananthagiri , Vijayawada , Vuyyuru , Macherla , Poranki , Ramagundam , Warangal , Mancherial , Peddapalli , Siddipet , Pithapuram , Banswada , and Miryalaguda . There are four regional dialects in Telugu: Colloquially, Telangana , Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra dialects are considered
1836-678: Is attributed to the Renati Choda king Dhanunjaya and found in the Kadapa district . An early Telugu label inscription, "tolacuwānḍru" (తొలచువాండ్రు; transl. rock carvers or quarrymen ), is found on one of the rock-cut caves around the Keesaragutta temple , 35 kilometers from Hyderabad . This inscription is dated to the Vishnukundina period of around 400 CE and is the earliest known short Telugu inscription from
1938-743: Is considered one of the most conservative languages of the Dravidian family based on its linguistic features. One of the earliest Telugu words, nágabu , found at the Amaravati Stupa , is dated to around 200 BCE. This word was further analyzed by Iravatham Mahadevan in his attempts to decipher the Indus script . Several Telugu words, primarily personal and place names, were identified at Amaravati , Nagarjunakonda , Krishna river basin , Ballari , Eluru , Ongole and Nellore between 200 BCE and 500 CE. The Ghantasala Brahmin inscription and
2040-584: Is marked by further stylisation and sophistication of the literary languages. During this period the split of the Telugu from the Telugu-Kannada alphabet took place. The Vijayanagara Empire gained dominance from 1336 to the late 17th century, reaching its peak during the rule of Krishnadevaraya in the 16th century, when Telugu literature experienced what is considered its Golden Age . The 15th-century Venetian explorer Niccolò de' Conti , who visited
2142-433: Is ruthless in its confrontation with criminals, going as far as assassinating gang members; the unit is finally disbanded after 5 encounters in 3 months, by human rights authorities; Ram is posted to Control Room Duties. One day, a school teacher named, Maya, rebuffs Ram's routine questions regarding safety, not knowing that he is a police officer. He meets her again, when she and her friend are questioned for driving, without
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#17327799308982244-453: Is shown to have survived Panda's attack. Gautham Menon subsequently remade the film in the Telugu language for producer Venkata Raju. Jyothika was the initial choice for the lead actress role, reprising her role from the original Tamil version , however the delay of shoot start made Jyothika to opt out and Asin replaced her. Music composed by Harris Jayaraj . The music was released by ADITYA Music Company. (The soundtrack of Kaakha Kaakha
2346-893: Is the fastest-growing language in the United States. It is also a protected language in South Africa and is offered as an optional third language in schools in KwaZulu-Natal province. According to Mikhail S. Andronov, Telugu split from the Proto-Dravidian language around 1000 BCE. The earliest Telugu words appear in Prakrit inscriptions dating to c. 4th century BCE , found in Bhattiprolu , Andhra Pradesh. Telugu label inscriptions and Prakrit inscriptions containing Telugu words have been dated to
2448-530: Is the most widely spoken member of the Dravidian language family, and one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India . It is one of the few languages that has primary official status in more than one Indian state , alongside Hindi and Bengali . Telugu is one of the languages designated as a classical language by the Government of India . It is the 14th most spoken native language in
2550-630: The kaifiyats . In the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, the influence of the English language was seen, and modern communication/printing press arose as an effect of British rule , especially in the areas that were part of the Madras Presidency . Literature from this time had a mix of classical and modern traditions and included works by such scholars as Gidugu Venkata Ramamoorty , Kandukuri Veeresalingam , Gurajada Apparao , Gidugu Sitapati and Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao . In
2652-528: The Edison Award for Best Actress . After the success of three films, she starred in a legal drama film written and directed by J. J. Fredrick in his directorial debut, Ponmagal Vandhal .Being Amazon's first Indian digital film and the maiden Tamil film to be released on a streaming platform following pandemic restrictions, the film was premiered digitally on 29 May 2020 and received mixed reviews from critics, praising Jyothika's performance, story and
2754-700: The Kalaimamani Award. Jyothika is regarded as one of the most prolific actresses in Tamil cinema , and has been ranked among the best actresses of South India by the media. Jyothika debuted in films with the Hindi film Doli Saja Ke Rakhna (1997), directed by Priyadarshan . She starred in her first Tamil film Vaali (1999) and her first Telugu film Tagore (2003), opposite Chiranjeevi . She received her first Filmfare Award for Vaali (1999) as Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South . She
2856-798: The Kannada film industry opposite Upendra in Nagarahavu . She had a dual role in this film. For her work in the film, she won the Udaya Film Award for Best Actress along with Upendra for her Best Male Actor Award.she was also nominated Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada in that year. Later, she appeared in the Tamil thriller film Snegithiye , directed by Priyadarshan , made in Tamil and Malayalam. In 2003, she starred in Dhool with Vikram , Kaakha Kaakha with Suriya , Thirumalai with Vijay , all of which did well at
2958-715: The Ministry of Education in Tamil Nadu . In 2021, Jyothika and Suriya's production house donated ₹ 1 crore to the welfare of Tamil Nadu tribal community. Jyothika has endorsed several brands such as Idhayam oil and Paragon footwear in the early 2000s. She was also the brand ambassador for RmKV silk sarees and Wardrobe Hub in Chennai. Later, she appeared in adverts for Aircel and Nescafé along with her husband Suriya. She has also endorsed Comfort , Saravana Stores and Santoor Soap . Jyotika has been announced as
3060-496: The Mithibai College in Mumbai . She made her acting debut in the Hindi film Doli Saja Ke Rakhna , directed by Priyadarshan , but it did not do well commercially. For her fresh debut she was nominated for Best Female Debut at 44th Filmfare Awards , which was lost to Preity Zinta for Dil Se.. and Soldier . She was also nominated for Zee Cine Award for Best Female Debut too. Her first role in Tamil
3162-737: The National Film Award for Best Actress . However, she lost the award by a narrow margin at the end. In Pachaikili Muthucharam she had a crucial role and pulled off a memorable performance. Jyothika later made a comeback through television adverts. In 2008, she appeared in a short film Herova? Zerova? . The film was written and produced by her father-in-law Sivakumar and also starred Vijay , R. Madhavan and Suriya . Her Malayalam films Raakilipattu and Seetha Kalyanam were released in 2007 and 2009 respectively after languishing in development hell for years. Jyothika made her comeback to Tamil Cinema with 36 Vayadhinile ,
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3264-628: The Satavahana dynasty , Vishnukundina dynasty , and Andhra Ikshvakus . The coin legends of the Satavahanas, in all areas and all periods, used a Prakrit dialect without exception. Some reverse coin legends are in Telugu and Tamil languages. The period from the 4th century CE to 1022 CE marks the second phase of Telugu history, following the Andhra Ikshvaku period. The first long inscription entirely in Telugu, dated to 575 CE,
3366-716: The Vijayanagara Empire , found that the words in the Telugu language end with vowels, just like those in Italian , and hence referred to it as "The Italian of the East"; a saying that has been widely repeated. A distinct dialect developed in present-day Hyderabad region, due to Persian and Arabic influence. This influence began with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate rule by the Tughlaq dynasty in
3468-491: The Zee Tamil channel's first brand ambassador, who features in the channel's extensive multi-media campaign as its voice. The unveil and launch happened on the stage of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors with the entire family of stars from Zee Tamil in a ceremony celebrating the channels new look and feel and brand proposition. Jyothika, along with actor Vivek , had been appointed as ambassadors for plastic free Tamil Nadu campaign by
3570-514: The fourth highest grossing Indian film of 2024. She played a mentor in Srikanth (2024) co-starring Rajkummar Rao and Alaya F . Her upcoming project is DabbaCartel with Shabana Azmi . Jyothika married her longtime boyfriend, Tamil actor Suriya . The couple has worked in seven films together, the first being Poovellam Kettuppar (1999). After dating for several years, they got married on 11 September 2006. They have two children:
3672-722: The Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana . It is one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India . It is one of the official languages of the union territories of Puducherry . Telugu is a protected language in South Africa . According to the Constitution of South Africa , the Pan South African Language Board must promote and ensure respect for Telugu along with other languages. The Government of South Africa announced that Telugu will be re-included as an official subject in
3774-688: The South African schools after it was removed from the curriculum in state schools. In addition, with the creation in October 2004 of a legal status for classical languages by the Government of India on 8 August 2008, Telugu was also given classical language status due to several campaigns. According to the famous Japanese historian Noboru Karashima who served as the president of the Epigraphical Society of India in 1985, there are approximately 10,000 inscriptions which exist in
3876-570: The State government under the leadership of former Chief Minister Edappadi K. Palaniswami . Jyothika is regarded as one of the most prolific, finest and highest paid actresses in Tamil cinema . Times of India ranked Jyothika among the best actresses of South India . The Hindu referred to her as one of the Superstar women in Indian cinema and noted that she has "proved her mettle and has
3978-523: The Telangana region. Several titles of Mahendravarman I in Telugu language, dated to c. 600 CE , were inscribed on cave-inscriptions in Tamil Nadu. From the 6th century onwards, complete Telugu inscriptions began to appear in districts neighbouring Kadapa such as Prakasam and Palnadu . Metrically composed Telugu inscriptions and those with ornamental or literary prose appear from 630 CE. The Madras Museum plates of Balliya-Choda dated to
4080-607: The Telugu film Tagore , opposite Chiranjeevi , which was screened at the International Indian Film Academy Awards , and was a commercial success. Her most successful film in Tamil was Chandramukhi (2005), in which she played the title role. She acted along with Rajinikanth for the first time. She won accolades for her performance in Chandramukhi including a Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and Filmfare Awards Nomination. She
4182-579: The Telugu language as of the year 1996 making it one of the most densely inscribed languages. Telugu inscriptions are found in all the districts of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are also found in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and Chhattisgarh. According to recent estimates by ASI (Archaeological Survey of India) the number of inscriptions in the Telugu language goes up to 14,000. Adilabad, Medak, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad, Mahbubnagar, Anantapur, Chittoor and Srikakulam produced only
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4284-520: The Telugu speaking states, the film Naachiyar has been dubbed into Telugu by the title Jhansi . Jyothika agreed to portray a leading female role in Mani Ratnam 's project titled Chekka Chivantha Vaanam in early September 2017, and confirmed her participation to the media while promoting Magalir Mattum (2017). She had earlier appeared in Mani Ratnam's production venture Dumm Dumm Dumm (2001), but stated her excitement at being selected in
4386-514: The Thanjavur government hospital in August 2020. Apart from the financial support she also donated medical equipment and beds. This comes after she was criticised for her comments on the poor maintenance of the hospital before. Jyothika also starred in a short commercial video outlining child poverty, labour and lack of education, titled Herova? Zerova? . It was created by Agaram Foundation with
4488-590: The United States and the third most spoken South Asian language after Hindi and Urdu . Minority Telugus are also found in Australia , New Zealand , Bahrain , Canada , Fiji , Malaysia , Sri Lanka , Singapore , Mauritius , Myanmar , Europe ( Italy , the United Kingdom ), South Africa , Trinidad and Tobago , and the United Arab Emirates . Telugu is the official language of
4590-504: The box office pull". Outlook India named her as one of the actress who has uplifted "women-centric films" in South India. Vikram Venkateswaran of The Quint termed her the "standalone female lead actor" who can carry a film "entirely on her shoulders". Karthik Kumar of Hindustan Times termed her the "comeback queen" and added, "Jyothika brought in the wave of women-centric cinema to Tamil industry which gained momentum post
4692-536: The box office, Kaakha Kaakha, in particular, being one of the biggest hits of her career. She was listed among the Best Actress nominees in Filmfare Awards South for her roles in Dhool and Kaakha Kaakha . She got International Tamil Film Awards Special Jury For Best Actress. Dhool , Kaakha Kaakha and Thirumalai were among the top 10 films of the year and The Hindu wrote that she
4794-469: The city and become very powerful in a period of six months. The 10-year-old son of an influential movie producer is kidnapped and killed, and later his daughter is also kidnapped for ransom. The special unit is reassembled by the commissioner, with all four back in the crime branch. The unit tracks down and kill Dass in a railyard, as the others escape. Panda takes over the gang, promising grave revenge over his brother's death. Panda and his gang members target
4896-760: The comedy film Thenali . She was awarded the Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award , Dinakaran Film Award for Best Actress & Cinema Express Award for Best Sensational Actress at the Cinema Express Awards, for her performance as Jennifer in Kushi . Her role in Rhythm though small, has been widely appreciated. After the success of Kushi , she was signed to play the female lead in Friends , opposite Vijay , but she
4998-507: The cottage that the couple is honeymooning in and shoot Ram into the Nagarjuna Sagar , leaving him for dead, and kidnapping Maya. Drowned and battling for life, Ram only thinks about rescuing Maya. Srikanth and Rajesh arrive at the cottage, discover Ram, and take him to the local hospital. Srikanth reveals that Sandhya was kidnapped earlier at the airport and confesses that it was he who gave away Ram's location to Panda and also emptied
5100-497: The cultural language of Europe during roughly the same era. Telugu also predominates in the evolution of Carnatic music , one of two main subgenres of Indian classical music and is widely taught in music colleges focusing on Carnatic tradition. Over the centuries, many non-Telugu speakers have praised the natural musicality of Telugu speech, referring to it as a mellifluous and euphonious language. Speakers of Telugu refer to it as simply Telugu or Telugoo . Older forms of
5202-680: The era of Emperor Ashoka (257 BCE), as well as to the Satavahana and Vishnukundina periods. Inscriptions in Old Telugu script were found as far away as Indonesia and Myanmar . Telugu has been in use as an official language for over 1,400 years and has served as the court language for numerous dynasties in Southern and Eastern India, including the Eastern Chalukyas , Eastern Gangas , Kakatiyas , Vijayanagara Empire , Qutb Shahis , Madurai Nayaks , and Thanjavur Nayaks . It
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#17327799308985304-450: The essence of Gharshana". Despite the mixed reviews from critics the film had completed of running 50 days in 70 centers Telugu language Telugu ( / ˈ t ɛ l ʊ ɡ uː / ; తెలుగు , Telugu pronunciation: [ˈt̪eluɡu] ) is a classical Dravidian language native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana , where it is also the official language . Spoken by about 96 million people (2022), Telugu
5406-597: The exception of /ɳ/ and /ɭ/, all occur word-initial in a few words, such as / ʈ ɐkːu/ ṭakku 'pretence', / ʈ iːʋi/ ṭhīvi 'grandeur', / ɖ ipːɐ/ ḍippā 'half of a spherical object', and / ʂ oːku/ ṣōku 'fashionable appearance'. The approximant /j/ occurs in word-initial position only in borrowed words, such as. / j ɐnɡu/ yangu , from English 'young', / j ɐʃɐsːu/ yaśassu from Sanskrit yaśas /jɐʃɐs/ 'fame'. Vowels in Telugu contrast in length; there are short and long versions of all vowels except for /æ/, which only occurs as long. Long vowels can occur in any position within
5508-427: The families of the men in the special unit, but the police close in, and a badly injured Panda barely escapes Ram. Afterwards, Panda and his men brutally shoot and kill Jagan, the same night, and escape. The entire department is mobilised, and all family members of the remaining three in the unit, are sent into hiding. Maya and Ram get married in a hurry and leave for Pulicherla, but the next day, Panda and his men enter
5610-674: The film Middle Class Abbayi starring Nani , Sai Pallavi and Bhumika Chawla . Chawla replaced her later. Boyapati Srinu was considered Jyothika in Jai Simha opposite to Nandamuri Balakrishna , but later K. S. Ravikumar replaced Boyapati and Jyothika's role went to Nayanthara . Her latest film Thambi along with Karthi was dubbed into Telugu as Donga . She acted in three Malayalam films: Raakilipattu (2007), Seetha Kalyanam (2009) and Kaathal – The Core (2023). For her work in Seetha Kalyanam (2009), she
5712-399: The film Soorarai Pottru won 5 Categories: Best Actor for Suriya , National Film Award for Best Actress for Aparna Balamurali , Best Feature Film for Suriya , Sudha Kongara , Jyothika, Best Music Direction (Background Score) for GV Prakash Kumar and Best Screenplay for Sudha Kongara . Jyothika along with her husband Suriya's Agaram Foundation donated ₹ 25 lakh to
5814-483: The film prompted Ezhil, Ajith and Jyothika to team up for a venture the following year with Raja (2002). She collaborated with Mani Ratnam for the first time by appearing in his production house Madras Talkies ' romantic comedy Dumm Dumm Dumm , alongside Madhavan . The film won positive acclaim and became a success not only in Tamil Nadu, but also in Andhra with its dubbed version. She also made an appearance in
5916-460: The first look posters of the film. She received several accolades for her performance in Naachiyar as Rough and Riveting Cop. Deccan chronicle addressed her as "Lady Singham". As per behindwoods Jyothika is fantastic, as she masterfully plays the role of a menacing, short-tempered and a bold cop, with a gracious heart. Following the immense success of the film and Jyothika's big fan following in
6018-640: The floors on 4 June, was directed by Radha Mohan and marked his reunion with Jyothika after the critically acclaimed Mozhi . After the success of Kaatrin Mozhi , she was again cast as one of the female lead roles in Mani Ratnam 's period action drama film, Ponniyin Selvan: I . She was also considered for the lead female role in Vetrimaaran's Asuran opposite Dhanush. She opted out from both films due to her prior project commitments. Jyothika
6120-496: The land bounded by the three Lingas which is Telugu homeland. P. Chenchiah and Bhujanga Rao note that Atharvana Acharya in the 13th century wrote a grammar of Telugu, calling it the Trilinga Śabdānusāsana (or Trilinga Grammar) . However, most scholars note that Atharvana's grammar was titled Atharvana Karikavali. Appa Kavi in the 17th century explicitly wrote that Telugu was derived from Trilinga . Scholar C. P. Brown made
6222-488: The last of which can be interpreted as a Telugu rendition of " Trilinga ". Telugu, as a Dravidian language, descends from Proto-Dravidian , a proto-language . Linguistic reconstruction suggests that Proto-Dravidian was spoken around the fourth millennium BCE. Comparative linguistics confirms that Telugu belongs to the South Dravidian-II (also called South-Central Dravidian) sub-group, which also includes
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#17327799308986324-511: The leading role in a "female-centric" script he had written and impressed by the offer, her husband Suriya agreed to finance the film. Jyothika subsequently participated in a series of workshops to get ready for her role in the film for twenty days. The movie is titled Magalir Mattum , written and directed by Bramma, in his second venture after Kuttram Kadithal (2015). It also features Saranya , Urvashi , Bhanupriya , Nassar and J. Livingston playing pivotal roles. Produced by Suriya ,
6426-534: The magazine in his gun, for Sandhya's safe return. Srikanth feels extreme remorse over what has happened. Whilst in the hospital, they receive a call from Panda, to meet him at Zaherabad, 100 kilometers away from Hyderabad, located on the National Highway 9. Ram, Srikanth, and Rajesh leave to meet him, along with Constable Ansari, driving them. When they go there, two packages are thrown to them from an oncoming train, one containing Sandhya's severed head and
6528-412: The mid-ninth century CE, are the earliest copper plate grants in the Telugu language. During this period, Telugu was heavily influenced by Sanskrit and Prakrit, corresponding to the advent of Telugu literature. Initially, Telugu literature appeared in inscriptions and poetry in the courts of rulers, and later in written works, such as Nannayya 's Andhra Mahabharatam (1022 CE). The third phase
6630-515: The movie, Mozhi , she was in the final three for National Film Award for Best Actress for her outstanding performance, however she lost the award to Umashree for the Kannada film Gulabi Talkies . She has a record of holding maximum number of nominations with 16 for Best Tamil Actress at South Filmfare Awards . Jyothika left the industry at the peak of her career marrying Tamil actor Suriya on 11 September 2006, after being engaged in
6732-414: The name include Teluṅgu and Tenuṅgu . Tenugu is derived from the Proto-Dravidian word *ten ("south") to mean "the people who lived in the south/southern direction" (relative to Sanskrit and Prakrit -speaking peoples). The name Telugu , then, is a result of an "n" to "l" alternation established in Telugu. The popular belief holds that Telugu is derived from Trilinga of Trilinga Kshetras being
6834-590: The neighbouring states of Tamil Nadu , Karnataka , Maharashtra , Odisha , Chhattisgarh , some parts of Jharkhand , and the Kharagpur region of West Bengal in India. Many Telugu immigrants are also found in the states of Gujarat , Goa , Bihar , Kashmir , Uttar Pradesh , Punjab , Haryana , and Rajasthan . As of 2018 7.2% of the population, Telugu is the fourth-most-spoken native language in India after Hindi , Bengali , and Marathi . In Karnataka , 7.0% of
6936-441: The non-literary languages like Gondi , Kuvi , Koya , Pengo , Konda and Manda. Proto-Telugu is the reconstructed linguistic ancestor of all the dialects and registers of Telugu. Russian linguist Mikhail S. Andronov, places the split of Telugu at c. 1000 BCE. The linguistic history of Telugu is periodised as follows: Pre-historic Telugu is identified with the period around 600 BCE or even earlier. Pre-historic Telugu
7038-594: The northern Deccan Plateau during the 14th century. In the latter half of the 17th century, the Mughal Empire extended further south, culminating in the establishment of the Hyderabad State by the dynasty of the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1724. This heralded an era of Persian influence on the Telugu language, especially Hyderabad State. The effect is also evident in the prose of the early 19th century, as in
7140-493: The original. Ramachandra alias Ram, is an honest and daring IPS officer, with the Hyderabad City Police, as the Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), in the crime branch. As he has no family or relatives, he lives with no fear. Ram and his IPS friends, who include: Srikanth, Rajesh, and Jagan, are recruited into a special unit of police officers, to battle the organized crime in Hyderabad . Violent and laconic, Ram has little time and patience, for his personal life. The special unit
7242-441: The other one containing Maya's arm flesh. Ram, along with everybody else, is extremely distraught, with Srikanth being hysterical upon seeing his wife's head. In agony of being responsible for the sudden turn of events, Srikanth shoots himself dead. Ram and Rajesh track down Panda before he can escape from Andhra Pradesh. They engage in a shoot-out with the entire gang. Ram aims to shoot Panda, but Panda shoots Maya while using her as
7344-418: The past tense. Jyothika Jyothika Saravanan ( née Sadanah ; born 18 October 1978) is an Indian actress and film producer who predominantly appears in Tamil films in addition to Telugu , Malayalam and Hindi films. Appeared in over 50 Films, Jyothika has received several accolades including a National Film Award , five Filmfare Awards South , four Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and
7446-638: The pillar inscription of Vijaya Satakarni at Vijayapuri, Nagarjunakonda , and other locations date to the first century CE. Additionally, the Tummalagudem inscription of the Vishnukundinas dates to the 5th century CE. Telugu place names in Prakrit inscriptions are attested from the 2nd century CE onwards. A number of Telugu words were found in the Sanskrit and Prakrit inscriptions of
7548-592: The population speak Telugu, and 5.6% in Tamil Nadu . There are more than 400,000 Telugu Americans in the United States . As of 2018 , Telugu is the fastest-growing language in the United States , (especially in New Jersey and New York City ), with the number of Telugu speakers in the United States increasing by 86% between 2010 and 2017. As of 2021 , it is the 18th most spoken native language in
7650-678: The princely Hyderabad State , the Andhra Mahasabha was started in 1921 with the main goal of promoting Telugu language, literature, its books and historical research. Key figures in this movement included Madapati Hanumantha Rao (founder of the Andhra Mahasabha), Komarraju Venkata Lakshmana Rao (founder of the Library Movement in Hyderabad State), and Suravaram Pratapa Reddy . Since the 1930s, what
7752-419: The record of winning most Best Actress Title till date with four as her record. After the success of 36 Vayadhinile , she appeared in a series of women centric films like Magalir Mattum (2017), Naachiyaar (2018), Kaatrin Mozhi (2018), Raatchasi (2019), and Ponmagal Vandhal (2020) and also played a lead female role in Mani Ratnam 's multi-starrer Chekka Chivantha Vaanam (2018). She made
7854-738: The release of 36 Vayadhinile ." Her portrayal in Mozhi , Pachaikili Muthucharam and 36 Vayadhinile are considered among the most memorable female characters of Tamil cinema. Jyothika has won a total of six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards including four Best Actress for Perazhagan , Chandramukhi , Mozhi , 36 Vayadhinile and two Best Film Co-producer. She has won five Filmfare Awards South among twenty four nominations - Best Debut for Vaali , Best Actress for Kushi , Critics Best Actress – Tamil for 36 Vayathinile , Best Film for Jai Bhim and Critics Best Actress – Malayalam for Kaathal – The Core . For Soorarai Pottru , she won
7956-663: The social message conveyed in the film, but criticised the lack of depth in the narration, slow-paced and clichéd screenplay. However, it became one of the most watched films in digital streaming services of the year. Her 50th film, Udanpirappe was released directly on Amazon Prime Video on 14 October 2021 as a part of 2D Entertainment's four-film deal with the streaming service. She was Nominated for Best actress Category for her performances in both films, Ponmagal Vandhal and Udanpirappe as Venba / Angel / Sakthijothi (imagination) and Maathangi Sargunam respectively at 67th Filmfare Awards South . Gargi , starring Sai Pallavi
8058-534: The state that is currently divided into Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It also has official language status in the Yanam district of the union territory of Puducherry . It is the fourth most spoken Indian language in India after Hindi , Bengali and Marathi . It is one of the six classical languages of India . Telugu Language Day is celebrated every year on 29 August, the birthday of Telugu poet Gidugu Venkata Ramamurthy . The fourth World Telugu Conference
8160-400: The technical excellence and masterful craft of Gowtham. In that, he has married the best of Ram Gopal Varma and Manirathnam (urban finesse, short, crisp and natural dialogues and getting the best out of his music director)". Fullhyderabad wrote: "The action fans will love this movie. The encounters are sadistically gory! And that forms half of the movie". Sify wrote: "Speed, style and sparkle are
8262-572: The three Telugu dialects and regions. Waddar , Chenchu , and Manna-Dora are all closely related to Telugu. Other dialects of Telugu are Berad, Dasari, Dommara, Golari, Kamathi, Komtao, Konda-Reddi, Salewari, Vadaga, Srikakula, Visakhapatnam, East Godavari, Rayalaseema, Nellore, Guntur, Vadari Bangalore, and Yanadi. The Roman transliteration used for transcribing the Telugu script is the National Library at Kolkata romanisation . Telugu words generally end in vowels. In Old Telugu, this
8364-531: The transliteration of the Telugu script used here (where different from IPA). Most consonants contrast in length in word-medial position, meaning that there are long (geminated) and short phonetic renderings of the sounds. A few examples of words that contrast by length of word-medial consonants: All retroflex consonants occur in intervocalic position and when adjacent to a retroflex consonant, for instance. /ʋɐː ɳ iː/ vāṇī 'tippet', /kɐ ʈɳ ɐm/ kaṭṇam 'dowry', /pɐ ɳɖ u/ paṇḍu 'fruit'; /kɐ ɭ ɐ/ kaḷa 'art'. With
8466-578: The venture began production in July 2016. She was also signed by Sri Thenandal Films for another project titled Mersal together in September 2016, opposite Vijay , directed by Atlee . A few days after the shoot began, Jyothika opted out of the project and the makers signed Nithya Menen to replace her. No official announcement is made so far about the replacement. In late February 2017, Suriya confirmed Jyothika's new project, Naachiyaar by sharing
8568-464: The word, but native Telugu words do not end in a long vowel. Short vowels occur in all positions of a word, with the exception of /o/, which does not occur word-finally. The vowels of Telugu are illustrated below, along with the Telugu script and romanisation. In most dialects, the vowel /æː/ only occurs in loan words. In the Guntur dialect, [æː] is a frequent allophone of /aː/ in certain verbs in
8670-518: The world. Modern Standard Telugu is based on the dialect of erstwhile Krishna, Guntur, East Godavari and West Godavari districts of Coastal Andhra . Telugu is also spoken in the states of Karnataka , Tamil Nadu , Maharashtra , Chhattisgarh , Orissa and the union territories of Puducherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands . It is also spoken by members of the Telugu diaspora spread across countries like United States , Australia , Malaysia , Mauritius , UAE , Saudi Arabia and others. Telugu
8772-526: Was Shock , opposite to Ravi Teja . It was produced by Ram Gopal Varma .She was nominated for Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu for her performance. She was considered to act in the Telugu film Stalin , opposite Chiranjeevi . She was selected as the lead actress opposite Nagarjuna in Sri Ramadasu and Venkatesh in Lakshmi , but refused the offers due to her marriage preparations. She
8874-454: Was "virtually the undisputed queen of Kollywood". Actor Vikram referred to her as Lady Kamal Haasan due to her dedication in acting. In 2004, she acted in a double role in the critically acclaimed Perazhagan , opposite Suriya. She won Tamil Nadu State Best Actress Award for the film. In 2004, she acted in Manmadhan , opposite Silambarasan . She also performed the lead female role in
8976-413: Was absolute; in the modern language m, n, y, w may end a word. Sanskrit loans have introduced aspirated and murmured consonants as well. Telugu does not have contrastive stress , and speakers vary on where they perceive stress. Most place it on the penultimate or final syllable, depending on word and vowel length. The table below lists the consonant phonemes of Telugu, along with the symbols used in
9078-502: Was also offered a chance to act with Mohanlal in Udayon , directed by Bhadran , but she could not do it due to busy schedules in Tamil. Her first release in 2006 was Saravana , opposite Silambarasan after Manmadhan . Her role in June R was noticed before the release of the film. She has underplayed her emotions beautifully. Her films in 2006 include Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu ,
9180-470: Was also used as an official language outside its homeland, even by non-Telugu dynasties such as the Thanjavur Marathas in Tamil Nadu. Telugu has an unbroken, prolific, and diverse literary tradition of over a thousand years. Pavuluri Mallana 's Sāra Sangraha Ganitamu ( c. 11th century ) is the first scientific treatise on mathematics in any Dravidian language. Avadhānaṃ ,
9282-504: Was asked to act along with Venkatesh again in Aadavari Matalaku Arthale Verule . Jyothika opted out after signing the contract due to her wedding arrangements and it later came to the hands of Trisha . Her film Mozhi was released in Telugu under the title Maataranai Mounamidi . After an impressive comeback, she was approached by director Venu Sriram and producer Dil Raju for a strong character in
9384-411: Was awarded the Filmfare Best Tamil Actress Award for Kushi (2000). A string of successful films followed and gained prominence for her performances in Kushi (2000), Dumm Dumm Dumm (2001), Poovellam Un Vasam (2001), Kaakha Kaakha (2004), Perazhagan (2004), Chandramukhi (2005) and Mozhi , (2007), for the latter three she won Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress . For
9486-559: Was born on 18 October 1978 to a Punjabi Hindu father and a Maharashtrian Muslim mother. Her father is Chander Sadanah, a film producer and her mother is Seema Sadanah. Actress Nagma is her half-sister. She also has a sister Roshini (born Radhika) and a brother Suraj, who is working as an assistant director for Priyadarshan . Jyothika completed her schooling from the Learner's Academy, Mumbai. She later majored in Psychology at
9588-562: Was bounded in north by Mahendra mountain in the modern Ganjam district in Odisha and to the south by Srikalahasteeswara temple in Tirupati district . However, Andhra extended westwards as far as Srisailam in Nandyal district , about halfway across the modern state. According to other sources in the early sixteenth century, the northern boundary is Simhachalam and the southern limit
9690-423: Was considered an "elite" literary form of the Telugu language has now spread to the common people with the introduction of mass media like movies, television, radio and newspapers. This form of the language is also taught in schools and colleges as a standard. Telugu is one of the 22 languages with official status in India . The Andhra Pradesh Official Language Act, 1966, declares Telugu the official language of
9792-569: Was distributed by Jyothika and Suriya. Jyothika's first Telugu entry as the lead female role was in the Telugu film Tagore , opposite Chiranjeevi , in which she played his wife. The film was screened at the International Indian Film Academy Awards , and was a commercial success. She acted along with Nagarjuna in Mass , directed by debutant Raghava Lawrence , for which she was nominated for her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu Nomination at Filmfare Awards. Her last film in Telugu
9894-791: Was in Vaali (1999), for which she won Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South , Cinema Express Award for Best Newface - Female and Dinakaran Award for the Best Female Debut . Later that year, she starred in Poovellam Kettuppar , in which she played the love interest of the protagonist, portrayed by her future husband Suriya . The success of the film Kushi became a turning point in her career. A string of successful films followed between 2000 and 2002, among them Mugavaree , Dumm Dumm Dumm and Snegithiye . She also acted with Kamal Haasan during this period, in
9996-654: Was nominated for Best Actress – Malayalam at Filmfare Awards but lost to Swetha Menon for Paleri Manikyam . In Kaathal – The Core , she played Omana, the wife of Mathew played by Mammotty.Her performance gained widespread critical acclaim from critics as well as from audiences. She was awarded Vanitha Film Awards for Best Actress at Vanitha Film Awards-2024 and was nominated for best actress category at Koimoi Awards and National Critics Choice Awards, along with Mammootty for best actor category. She returned to Hindi film industry after 24 years after her debut movie Doli Saja Ke Rakhna , with Shaitaan (2024),
10098-451: Was organised in Tirupati in the last week of December 2012. Issues related to Telugu language policy were deliberated at length. The American Community Survey has said that data for 2016 which were released in September 2017 showed Telugu is the third most widely spoken Indian language in the US. Hindi tops the list followed by Gujarati, as of the 2010 census . In the Indian subcontinent,
10200-741: Was replaced by Devayani. She starred opposite to Ajith Kumar in Poovellam Un Vaasam which became a commercial hit as well as her character received huge response and accloades. She won the Cinema Express Award for Best Actress – Tamil , which was given by her co-star Ajith Kumar at the Cinema Express Awards . Ajith was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil , and Jyothika for Best Actress – Tamil . The success of
10302-518: Was retained in the Telugu remake except "Ye Chilipi" and "Andagaada".) All lyrics are written by Kulasekhar Idlebrain wrote: "The second half starts in an interesting style and it loses the steam as the climax approaches. The plus points of this film are music, Venkatesh, photography and stylish taking. The negative points are slow narration, lack of Telugu commercial elements, dry scenes and lack of substance. This film has got more style and less substance". Indiaglitz wrote: "the film redeems itself due to
10404-473: Was seen in three films that year, Raatchasi , produced by Dream Warrior Pictures in which she plays a school teacher; Jackpot , in which she appears as a cop co-starring Revathi under 2D Entertainment and Thambi , a Jeethu Joseph film along with Karthi . She won several accolades for her performance in Raatchasi including Behindwoods Gold Medal Award for Best Actor Lead Role (Female), and
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