137-783: Rembia is a state constituency in Malacca , Malaysia , that has been represented in the Melaka State Legislative Assembly . The state constituency was first contested in 1995 and is mandated to return a single Assemblyman to the Melaka State Legislative Assembly under the first-past-the-post voting system . Since 2018, the State Assemblyman for Rembia is Muhammad Jailani Khamis from United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), formerly Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR), which
274-537: A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008 . Malacca has diverse tropical rainforest and experiences an equatorial climate . Situated immediately south of the Titiwangsa Mountains , the state is mostly level and dotted with inselbergs , with Bukit Gapis as the highest point. Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates , namely the Malacca Sultanate ,
411-458: A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. Malacca City along with George Town was confirmed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. Malacca is one of four Malaysian states without hereditary monarchies, despite being the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates, as the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511. The head of state of Malacca
548-528: A mouse deer . In self-defence, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the deer, and taking it as a good omen of the weak overcoming the powerful, Parameswara decided then to found an empire at that spot. He named this empire after the tree where he had just taken shelter. This story shows remarkable similarities with and was probably adapted (as some historians argued) from folk-tales from Kandy , Sri Lanka, and Pasai , Sumatra (both of which pre-date Malacca). The "Malacca tree"
685-517: A Chinese and Indian workforce. Early in 1961, when Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman outlined a "Grand Malaysian Alliance" of the British protectorate of Brunei and the crown colonies of North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore , Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew supported the proposal. Lee's People's Action Party (PAP) rallied for the equality of all Malaysians, regardless of "class, skin colour or creed", known as " Malaysian Malaysia ", in
822-574: A force of some 1,200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships. They conquered the city on 24 August 1511. After seizing the city Afonso de Albuquerque spared the Hindu , Chinese and Burmese inhabitants but had the Muslim inhabitants massacred or sold into slavery. It soon became clear that Portuguese control of Malacca did not also mean that they controlled the Asian trade centred there. The Malaccan rule
959-591: A long time for us all to come to the same conclusions despite our differing experiences in Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak . Our friends in Sabah are not here today officially, but I can assure you that we have many friends there. There is no doubt that it took us a long time to reach the inevitable conclusion that these people [referring to the racial politics in Malay Peninsula] were up to no good. You know
1096-675: A mass emigration from China to the Malay Peninsula. After the establishment of British rule in Labuan in 1846, more ethnic Chinese (primarily Hakka , and many from Singapore) arrived in British Borneo . The migration continued through the first few years of the North Borneo Chartered Company . Chinese migration to Labuan and North Borneo was largely confined to the agricultural sector; migration to
1233-769: A meeting of Chin and Deng Xiaoping in Beijing, China urged the Communist Party of Malaya to continue their armed struggle. The establishment of a communist government in mainland China affected Chinese youth in Sarawak, who organized the pro-Beijing Sarawak Overseas Chinese Democratic Youth League (later the Sarawak Advanced Youth Association, which sparked the 1960 communist insurgency in Sarawak . Malaysia's economy continued to prosper, dependent on tin and rubber industries dominated by
1370-458: A million people, most of them ethnic Chinese. The large number of emigrants, many of whom are young with education or skills, constitutes a significant " brain drain " from the country, especially towards the country's immediate neighbour Singapore . Aside from their economic dominance, ethnic Chinese Malaysians are known for their contribution in the country healthcare sectors with their traditional health practice. Around 3,000 medicine shops in
1507-633: A multi-ethnic society without Malayisation . Although Lee was seen by Malay extremists in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), as opposed to Ketuanan Melayu after the 1963 formation of Malaysia, he had adopted Malay as Singapore's national language and appointed Malay Yusof Ishak as Yang di-Pertuan Negara . The Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), led by Tan Cheng Lock and part of
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#17327655775661644-639: A new insurgency from their stronghold in southern Thailand. The following year , the MCA was challenged by the DAP and the Malaysian People's Movement Party (GERAKAN). Of its 33 parliamentary seats contested in the election, the MCA retained 13 and lost control of the Penang state government to GERAKAN; Chinese-Malay tensions culminated in the 13 May incident . Other clashes were also ethnic in nature. In
1781-472: A number of secret societies . This exacerbated political unrest among the Malay aristocracy, which enlisted help from the secret societies. Contemporary local Malay politics was characterised as anarchy and civil war between people from similar backgrounds, prompting alliances between senior Malay political leaders and officials from China and Europe who were protecting their investments. You can help shoulder
1918-631: A public-private partnership installed 100,000 LED street lamps along the Alor Gajah–Melaka Tengah–Jasin (AMJ) highway, which will improve road safety and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Water supply-related matters in Malacca is administered by Syarikat Air Melaka Berhad (Malacca Water Company Limited) which is headquartered at Malacca City. It was established on 1 July 2006 after it was upgraded from its predecessor Malacca Water Corporation ( Malay : Perbadanan Air Melaka ). The company
2055-606: A re-alignment of forces between those who wanted a "true Malaysian nation" and those who preferred a country led by a component of the Alliance Party, and his criticism of Malays advocating Malay dominance, led to bitter PAP–UMNO relations and the 1964 race riots in Singapore ; Singapore was later expelled from the federation in August 1965, and became its own sovereign nation. The struggle for equality continued with
2192-512: A result of similar growing frustration over long-time manipulation of the state demographics and resources with lack of development through the administration of the Malay-led supremacists government of UMNO with frequent labelling as "fixed deposit state". During the election, the DAP won a large amount of seats due to the support of many Chinese constituents and subsequently diminished MCA influence among ethnic Chinese Malaysians. Although
2329-562: A smaller number of Vietnamese immigrants, however, with local men marrying women from China and Vietnam . Since their early ancient trade connection and subsequent migrations, the majority of ethnic Chinese in Malaysia are ethnic Han from the historical areas of Fujian and Guangdong provinces in southern China . Nearly all ethnic Chinese Malaysians living in the country today are either patrilineal descendants of these early immigrants, or new immigrants born in mainland China. Among
2466-669: A strong foundation to their kingdom against Siam and other potential enemies. Chinese involvement was crucial for Malacca to grow into a key alternative to other important and established ports. According to Malaccan folklore, to enhance relations, Hang Li Po , a daughter of the Ming Emperor of China, arrived in Malacca, accompanied by 500 attendants, to marry Sultan Mansur Shah who reigned from 1456 until 1477. Her attendants married Malaccans and settled mostly in Bukit Cina . Malacca again sent envoys to China in 1481 to inform
2603-692: A total installed generation capacity of 1,490 MW. On 16 December 2013, the Malacca State Government unveiled the draft 8,000 hectares special area called the Melaka World Solar Valley in Rembia, Alor Gajah applying solar energy as the primary alternative in all municipal activity sectors. By 2020, the government-run 7,248ha Melaka World Solar Valley aims to power most of the daily activities of manufacturers, housing developers, farmers, and other stakeholders. Recently,
2740-570: A water supply agreement in 1993 and additional water supply agreement in 2013. Another water supply agreement is planned to be signed with Negeri Sembilan in the future. Malacca International Airport (IATA: MKZ, ICAO: WMKM) (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport) is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor, with links to Singapore provided by Scoot since October 2024. Kuala Lumpur International Airport
2877-466: Is a subgroup of mixed spoken dialects and has the fewest people as compared to other Chinese subgroups. The first San Jiang Clansmen Association or San Kiang Association was formed in Penang back in 1897. Although the ethnic Chinese population had been increasing since the 1970s, their proportion within the total population had been decreasing gradually, particularly caused by the lower birth rate among
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#17327655775663014-610: Is a two-hour drive from Malacca City . There are currently two Keretapi Tanah Melayu railway stations in Malacca, which are the Pulau Sebang/Tampin Station in Pulau Sebang , Alor Gajah and Batang Melaka Station in Batang Melaka , Jasin . Malaysian Chinese Malaysian Chinese , Chinese Malaysians , or Sino-Malaysians are Malaysian citizens of Han Chinese ethnicity. They form
3151-512: Is also a small community of Huáběi -ren (Northern Chinese or 华北人) in Sabah whose ancestors coming from various parts of Hebei (河北) and Shandong (山东) provinces in China with most of them calling themselves as Tiānjīn -ren (天津人 or 津侨). Besides that, Sanjiang-ren ( Chinese : 三江人 ) is a collective term used to categorise the group of people whose ancestors hailed from Shanghai (上海), Zhejiang (浙江), Jiangsu (江苏), Hubei (湖北) and Jiangxi (江西). It
3288-464: Is also divided into three administrative districts of Alor Gajah, Jasin and Melaka Tengah. Each district is headed by a district officer. The lands and district office in each district deals with land administration and revenue. Thus, it differs from the local governments that oversee the provision and maintenance of urban infrastructure. Malacca signed sister state relationship memorandums with China's Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province . From
3425-665: Is also responsible for the maintenance and delivery infrastructure of clean water in the state. Currently, there are three dams located in Malacca supplying its residents with water, which are Durian Tunggal Dam in Alor Gajah , Jus Dam and Asahan Dam in Jasin . The fourth dam, Jernih Dam , will be constructed in Taboh Naning in Alor Gajah and expected to be completed by 2018. There are three major retention basins in
3562-733: Is among the largest designated Ship-to-ship cargo transfer areas in Malaysia . Sungai Udang houses the PETRONAS Malacca Refinery Complex consisting of two refining trains, established in 1994 and 1999 and owned by PETRONAS Penapisan (Melaka) Sdn. Bhd. and Malaysian Refining Company Sdn. Bhd. respectively. The total capacity of the refinery is 270,000 barrels of oil per day. The Melaka International Trade Centre (MITC) in Ayer Keroh which opened in June 2003
3699-482: Is an exclave of the state, situated on the coast of Negeri Sembilan which it borders to the north. The major rivers within Malacca include the Malacca, Linggi and Kesang Rivers. Malacca River (Sungai Melaka) runs roughly north to south down the middle of the state, Linggi River acts as the western border of Malacca with Negeri Sembilan , while Kesang River acts as the eastern border of Malacca with Johor . Malacca has 17 islands off its coast, with Besar Island being
3836-629: Is located at Seri Negeri complex in Ayer Keroh . It houses the chief minister's office, the State Legislative Assembly , the state secretariat office and the official residence of the governor. Malacca is further divided into four municipalities, one of which is a city-level municipality, each administered by a local government . The local governments exercise power in areas such as planning and development control, public housing, public spaces, waste disposal, business licensing, markets, local transport, and municipal roads. Malacca
3973-598: Is no geographical overlap between the species. Another account on the origin of the naming of Malacca claims that during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1424–1444), Arab merchants called the kingdom 'Malakat' (Arabic for 'congregation of merchants') because it was home to many trading communities. One theory suggests, as mentioned in the Suma Oriental by Tomé Pires , that it is derived from the Javanese terms melayu or mlayu (to steadily accelerate or to run), to describe
4110-651: Is now widely used as a working language or lingua franca among the different Chinese ethnicities, particularly for younger generations. The first census conducted in 1970 after Malaysia was formed in 1963 reported that there were 3,555,879 ethnic Chinese Malaysians, with the Hokkien or Min Nan (福建人 or 闽南人) being the majority at 32.4%, followed by Hakka (客家人) at 22.1%, Cantonese (广府人) at 19.8%, Teochew (潮汕人) and Hainanese (海南人) at 12.4% and 4.7% respectively. This increase to 4,554,664 in 1980 and 4,623,900 in 1991. In 2000,
4247-412: Is part of the state's ruling coalition, Barisan Nasional (BN). The Rembia constituency contains the polling districts of Pekan Alor Gajah, Kelemak, Jelatang, Kampung Tebat, Sungai Petai, Pekan Rembia and Jeram. Ethnic breakdown of Rembia's electorate as of 2021 According to the gazette issued on 31 October 2022, the Rembia constituency has a total of 7 polling districts. The electoral results for
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4384-618: Is the governor ( Malay : Yang di-Pertua Negeri ), who is appointed by the King of Malaysia . Ali Rustam is the current Governor of Malacca, having assumed office on 4 June 2020. In practice, the Governor's role is largely symbolic and ceremonial. This includes the authority to appoint the head of government and approve legislation that has been passed by the state's legislature. The Malacca state government has its own executive council and legislature, but their powers are limited compared to
4521-491: Is the leading commercial centre and the centre for meetings, incentives, conferencing and exhibitions (MICE) which plays an important role in the development of trade in Malacca. On 20 October 2010 an event was held to announce that Malacca had met the benchmark of 'Developed State' as set out by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and a declaration of "Melaka Maju 2010" (Progressive Malacca 2010)
4658-566: Is the unicameral 28-seat State Legislative Assembly , the highest authority in the state which decides on policy matters. The State Executive Council is responsible to the assembly and comprises members who are appointed every five years by the political party or coalition in power. The state government is headed by the chief minister , appointed by the Yang di-Pertua Negeri from among the State Legislative Assembly members of
4795-649: The Batang Kali massacre , 24 unarmed Malaysian civilians suspected of providing aid to the MNLA were shot by a Scots Guard division in late 1948. According to Chin Peng , the success of Templer's campaign was primarily due to the Briggs Plan's resettlement programme; Gurney also introduced a quasi-ministerial system, with a bill to increase the number of non-Malays eligible for citizenship after independence. After
4932-540: The Democratic Action Party (DAP) as the latter were seen as more vocal on their rights. The recent country general election in 2018 saw the fall of National Front coalition following additional aid from Bornean parliamentary seats particularly in Sabah that were won by Pakatan Harapan coalition ally of regionalist Sabah Heritage Party (WARISAN) as well from another indigenous party of United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) as
5069-532: The Democratic Action Party (DAP), which succeeded the PAP in 1965. Many Malaysian Chinese began to view the Malaysian Chinese Association as more concerned with business and economic interests than social factors, although Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman considered the MCA the sole legitimate representative of the federation's Chinese community. In 1968, communists supported by China began
5206-591: The Dutch East Indies , the Philippines , Siam , British Singapore, Malaya and Borneo) and began Nanyang organising activities in Saigon , Hanoi , Pontianak , Manila , Bangkok , Singapore and George Town . Competition arose among three groups, with each group targeting overseas Chinese (particularly in Malaya and Singapore) for support. One group was a pro-Qing elite who targeted wealthy Chinese;
5343-547: The East India Company in a war from 1831 to 1832, which resulted in a decisive British victory. It formed part of the Straits Settlements , together with Singapore and Penang . Malacca went briefly under the rule of Empire of Japan between 1942 and 1945 during World War II . After the war, Malacca was placed under a military administration until 1946. Subsequently, the Straits Settlements
5480-572: The Fuzhou (福州人), Hokkien and Teochew in Sarawak. The population increased further to 6,392,636 by 2010 and 6,892,367 by 2020. As of 2020 , over three-fifths of Malaysia's ethnic Chinese resided in Selangor , Johor , Kuala Lumpur and Penang . Penang also had the largest percentage of Chinese and was the only state where the Chinese constituted a plurality. The Hokkien are notably prominent in
5617-591: The Historic State of Malacca ( Malay : Melaka Negeri Bersejarah ), is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula , facing the Strait of Malacca . The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the south. The exclave of Tanjung Tuan also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north. Its capital is Malacca City , which has been listed as
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5754-536: The Kinabatangan River . Their arrival was welcomed by the indigenous people , who benefited from the jars, beads, silk, and pottery brought to the island by the Chinese. Chinese explorer and sailor Zheng He commanded several expeditions to south-east Asia between 1405 and 1430; during his third voyage, Zheng also visited Malacca . His companion and translator, Ma Huan , described Malacca in his Yingya Shenglan . Formerly part of Thailand, Malacca
5891-493: The Malay Peninsula and Po-Ni in western Borneo , have long been connected. The first recorded movement of people from China into present-day Malaysia was the 1292 arrival of Mongol expeditionary forces under Kublai Khan in Borneo in 1292 in preparation for their invasion of Java the following year. Many of Khan's Chinese followers settled on the island with Chinese traders after the campaign, establishing an enclave along
6028-643: The Malaysian Alliance Party , refused to join the struggle for equality. The MCA feared that equality would disrupt an agreement between the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) in which Malays were politically dominant and the Chinese controlled the country's economy; Malaysian Indians played a smaller economic role, with the Malays promising to share future political power with
6165-664: The Malaysian federal government . According to the Constitution of Malaysia , the state may legislate on matters pertaining to Malay customs, land, agriculture and forestry, local government, civil and water works, and state administration, whereas matters that fall under the joint purview of both state and federal authorities include social welfare, wildlife protection and national parks, scholarships, husbandry, town planning, drainage and irrigation, and public health and health regulations. Parliament Malacca's state legislature
6302-589: The Nanyang region. According to Hai Yü ( Words about the Sea) , written by Huang Zhong and published in 1537, the lifestyle of the Chinese community in Malacca differed from that of the local Malays . This close relationship was maintained during the Islamisation of the Malacca and Brunei kingdoms, whose thalassocracy once covered much of present-day Malaysia. Both the Muslim sultanates pledged protection to
6439-489: The Parliament of Malaysia for the establishment of "Traditional and Complementary Medicine Council or Majlis Perubatan Tradisional dan Komplementari" to register and regulate traditional and complementary medicine practitioners, including traditional Chinese medicine practitioners as well Malay, indigenous and Indians traditional medicine which followed by the enforcement of T&CM Act in the following year. Since most of
6576-579: The Portuguese colony during the first four decades of the seventeenth century. The first attack took place in 1606 under the command of Dutch Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge who laid siege to the town with the help of his ally, the Johor Sultanate . He engaged the Portuguese armada which had been sent from Goa to offer armed relief to the besieged port. On 14 January 1641, the Dutch defeated
6713-683: The Raj of Sarawak was largely restricted to the mining and agricultural sectors. Rajah Charles Brooke of Sarawak promoted the migration of Chinese and Dayak people to interior Sarawak to develop the region. This resulted in the establishment of an administrative center and bazaar by the 19th century, primarily in Sarawak's First, Second, and Third Divisions . Rajah Charles invited Chinese black-pepper growers from Singapore to settle in Kuching in 1876, and they were later joined by local Chinese miners and others from neighbouring Dutch Borneo . With
6850-575: The Teochew from Chaozhou of eastern Guangdong are mainly on plantation agriculture, the Fuzhou from central Fujian specialise in entrepreneurship , while the Hainanese from Hainan as one of the ethnic Chinese minority saw themselves as sojourners with many of Hainanese chefs and waiters ruled the kitchen of local Chinese kopi tiam and restaurants . The Henghua and Hokchia from eastern Fujian are usually managing family industries while
6987-466: The Titiwangsa Mountains proper, which end near the border with Negeri Sembilan at the neighbouring towns of Pulau Sebang and Tampin , the hills are composed of Titiwangsa granite . The southernmost known Titiwangsa granite outcrop is known to be in Besar Island , off the coast of Jasin District . The 512-metre-tall Bukit Gapis, also known as Gunung Melaka, is the state's highest point. The peninsula of Tanjung Tuan (formerly known as Cape Rachado)
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#17327655775667124-427: The 13th and the 17th centuries heavily assimilated aspects of the indigenous Malay cultures and formed a distinct group known as the Peranakan in Kelantan and Terengganu , the Baba-Nyonya in Malacca and Penang , and as the Sino-Natives in Sabah . They exhibit a degree of intermarriage with native groups and are culturally distinct from the majority of the Malaysian Chinese but have recently begun to merge into
7261-513: The 18 June 1948 declaration of the Malayan Emergency , the early government response was chaotic; its primary aim was to guard important economic targets. Most Malayan Chinese opposed the MNLA. The 1950 Briggs Plan , devised by British general Harold Briggs , intended to isolate the Chinese population from the insurgents. Independence was promised, and supported by the Malays; the Chinese population feared being treated as second-class citizens in an independent Malaya. In addition to new villages,
7398-408: The 1949 Chinese Communist Revolution , foreign missionaries in China were forced to leave; Templer invited them to Malaya to provide spiritual healing , medical education and welfare measures to residents of the new government villages. By September 1952, every person born in Malaya (includes 1.2 million Chinese) was granted full citizenship. When the Federation of Malaya gained independence from
7535-562: The Alliance Party coalition in 1972. The growing Islamisation with "Islamic version of non-tolerant and open", increasing racism within the Malay party members throughout the coalition imposing further into the country social demographics as well as the government discriminative policies on their education and employment, caused further disenchantment among non-Malays, especially ethnic Chinese. This subsequently caused dwindling support from ethnic Chinese Malaysians when many original strongholds of MCA constituents and even Gerakan turned to
7672-472: The British in 1957, there was still an insurgency. Chinese communists who surrendered were given a choice of repatriation to China or declaring loyalty to the elected government of Malaya and renouncing communist ideology. The anti-communist campaign continued until 1960, when the Malayan government declared the end of its state of emergency after Chin Peng demobilized his forces and left his hide-out in southern Thailand for Beijing via North Vietnam . At
7809-412: The Chinese co-operated with the British and pledged loyalty to King George VI when the Crown Colony of North Borneo was formed after the war. The answer [to the uprising] lies not in pouring more troops into the jungle, but in the hearts and minds of the people. —Gerald Templer after his appointment as British High Commissioner for Malaya to deal with the 1952 Malayan Emergency With
7946-409: The Chinese community. Ethnic Chinese Malaysians have been traditionally dominant in the business sector of the Malaysian economy with large local Chinese enterprises involved in natural resources and food ingredients industries such as sugar and palm oil . Almost every biscuits manufacturer in the country is dominated by ethnic Chinese Malaysians. Up to the 1970s, their economic structure
8083-488: The Chinese dynasties from further conquest by the neighbouring Javanese Majapahit or the Siamese Ayutthaya . This relationship resulted in interethnic marriage between the sultanate's royal family and the Chinese envoy and representatives. Zheng He's arrival encouraged the spread of Islam in the Malay Archipelago and aided the growth of the Chinese Muslim population from the Eastern Chinese coastal towns of Fujian and Canton , with many of their traders arriving in
8220-597: The Chinese emperor in person. In 1431, when a Malaccan representative complained that Siam was obstructing tribute missions to the Ming court, the Xuande Emperor dispatched Zheng He carrying a threatening message for the Siamese king saying "You, king should respect my orders, develop good relations with your neighbours, examine and instruct your subordinates and not act recklessly or aggressively." The early kings of Malacca—Parameswara, Megat Iskandar Shah , and Sri Maharaja —understood that they could gain Ming China's protection through skilful diplomacy and thereby could establish
8357-506: The Chinese played a leading role in the tin-mining industry. The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War in 1780 adversely affected the tin trade, however, and many Chinese miners left. Early Chinese settlements in Malacca and several areas along the archipelago's coasts notwithstanding, most mass Chinese migration to Malaysia occurred after the founding of British settlements in Malaya and Borneo during the early 19th century. A 1786 British settlement in Penang and another in Singapore in 1819 triggered
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#17327655775668494-442: The Chinese that, while Malaccan envoys were returning to Malacca from China in 1469, the Vietnamese attacked the Malaccans, killing some of them while castrating the young and enslaving them. The Malaccans reported that Vietnam was in control of Champa and also sought to conquer Malacca, but the Malaccans did not fight back, because they did not want to fight against another state that was a tributary to China without permission from
8631-507: The Chinese. They requested to confront the Vietnamese delegation to China which was in China at the time, but the Chinese informed them since the incident was years old, they could do nothing about it, and the Emperor sent a letter to the Vietnamese ruler reproaching him for the incident. The Chinese Emperor also ordered the Malaccans to raise soldiers and fight back with violent force if the Vietnamese attacked them again. In April 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque set sail from Goa to Malacca with
8768-464: The East. Many traders anchored in Malacca, especially traders from Arabia , China and India, traded at the port of Malacca and from there were born many of the descendants and tribes that exist in Malacca to this day. A great diversity of races and ethnicities have long existed among the local community reflecting its history. Malays , Chinese , Indians , Baba Nyonya , Kristang , Chitty , Temuan and Eurasians are significant ethnic groups living in
8905-405: The Kuomintang and other Chinese organizations in Malaya. Since the conflict with Japan also involved the British, Chiang Kai-shek urged Kuomintang members to fight alongside them; in return, British colonial authorities lifted their ban of Chinese associations (including the Kuomintang and the Chinese communist movement). This, and British recognition of the Communist Party of Malaya, resulted in
9042-413: The Kwongsai from Guangxi are employed in labour sectors. Followed by the third wave of ethnic Chinese migration thereafter, this resulted from Malaysia as being one of the countries outside China and Taiwan with largest population of Chinese speakers in the world. Following the establishment of diplomatic relationship between Mainland China and Malaysia in 1974, a joint communiqué was made between
9179-445: The MPAJA renamed as the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), communist insurgents used guerrilla tactics in the jungles, sabotaged transportation networks and attacked British plantations (assassinating several European plantation owners). British intelligence estimated MNLA support at about 500,000, out of a total Chinese population of 3.12 million; battling the insurgents was difficult, since most hid in inaccessible jungles. With
9316-416: The MV West Scent became the first container vessel to dock at the port. The Port of Kuala Sungai Linggi , commercially known as Linggi International Floating Transshipment & Trading HUB (LIFT-HUB), is a transshipment area for liquid bulk transshipments and break-bulking located offshore of Linggi River in the Strait of Malacca . It was gazetted in 2006, covers an area of 154 km (45 sq mi) and
9453-477: The Malay kingdoms fell under colonial rule. Their related entities were politically and economically stable. Economic prosperity was fueled by British capital and Chinese and Indian work forces who expanded and supplied tin and rubber production. Before the 1911 Xinhai Revolution which overthrew the Qing dynasty in China, Tongmenghui leader Sun Yat-sen raised funds and organisational support from overseas Chinese communities (primarily in French Indochina ,
9590-478: The Malayan government and the colonial government of Singapore in 1940. At the beginning of the Sino-Japanese conflict and the Japanese occupation of Malaya and British Borneo , Kuomintang activities were ended. When the Chinese Communist Party (under Mao Zedong ) reached an agreement with the Kuomintang government (under Chiang Kai-shek ) to put aside their differences and rally against Japanese aggression in July 1940, pro-independence sentiment led to bans on
9727-457: The Malaysian Chinese and the Malays remain unresolved. The failure of Malaysia's social contract has led to a strong Chinese identity , in contrast to the Chinese communities in neighbouring Indonesia , the Philippines , Singapore , Thailand and Vietnam . After the 1969 racial clashes, the Malaysian New Economic Policy favouring the Malays from 1971 to 1990 increased Bumiputera economic control by 60 percent. Malaysian Chinese remain
9864-827: The Malaysian Chinese mainstream. The Malaysian Chinese are referred to as simply "Chinese" in Malaysian English, " Orang Cina " in Malay , " Sina " or " Kina " among indigenous groups in Borneo , " Cīṉar " (சீனர்) in Tamil , and " Huaren " (華人/华人, Chinese people) or " Huayi " (華裔/华裔, ethnic Chinese) in Mandarin . China and other early kingdoms in the Malay Archipelago , such as the northern area of
10001-475: The Malaysian Chinese population is increasing in every census , the proportion of ethnic Chinese among the country's total population has been declining in recent decades because of a lower birth rate and high emigration rate. There are significant concerns about the loss of political representation. According to a report by the World Bank , the Malaysian diaspora around the world in 2010 included around
10138-463: The Portuguese in an effort to capture Malacca, with the help of the Sultan of Johor . The Dutch ruled Malacca from 1641 to 1798 but they were not interested in developing it as a trading centre, placing greater importance on Batavia ( Jakarta ) and Java as their administrative centre. However they still built an administrative building called, Stadthuys , which is now a landmark. In the Dutch era
10275-676: The Portuguese for their activities in Malacca during the Ming dynasty after the arrival of their fleet in Canton. The Chinese emperor was reluctant to help the deposed Malaccan ruler reclaim his position, however, since the dynasty 's foreign policy was changing to maintain friendly relations with the Portuguese. His successor, the Jiajing Emperor , changed the attitude of the Ming court by executing two government officials and reaffirming
10412-512: The Rembia state constituency in 2004 , 2008 , 2013 , 2018 and 2021 are as follows. "Federal Government Gazette - Notice of Contested Election, State Legislative Assembly for the State of Selangor [P.U. (B) 192/2013]" (PDF) . Attorney General's Chambers of Malaysia. 26 April 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2019 . Retrieved 21 May 2016 . Malacca Malacca ( Malay : Melaka ), officially
10549-478: The State of Malacca in the present day. The state's name dates to a popular legend surrounding the founding of the Malacca Sultanate by Parameswara , who sought a new location to establish a kingdom after fleeing a Majapahit invasion of Singapura . As the story goes, Parameswara was resting under a Malacca tree ( Malay : pokok melaka ) near a river during a hunt, when one of his dogs cornered
10686-557: The aftermath of the riots, Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman blamed the communists rather than racial issues and said that the Vietnam War in their neighbour was "not simply a civil war but communist-ideology expansion ". The Malaysian government introduced several policy initiatives in security and development, a neighbourhood-watch program and the People's Volunteer Corps . The Communist Party of Malaya split into two factions during
10823-461: The agricultural sectors. Malacca has successfully opened itself up to foreign investors since the early 1970s. By 1997, the state has registered a total investment of over MYR16 billion. In 2014, the state achieved a total MYR4.4 billion worth of investment, in which MYR1.8 billion came from foreign investors. In 2013, Malacca had a GDP of MYR22,646 million with a GDP per capita of MYR34,109. It had 3.2% GDP growth in 2013. The inflation rate in 2012
10960-663: The arrival of the first sultan , the area that's now Malacca was a fishing village. Malacca was founded by Parameswara , also known as Iskandar Shah. He found his way to Malacca around 1402 where he found a good port—it was accessible in all seasons and on the strategically located narrowest point of the Strait of Malacca . In collaboration with his Proto-Malay privateers allies, called the Orang Laut ("sea-people"), he established Malacca as an international port by compelling passing ships to call there, and establishing fair and reliable facilities for warehousing and trade. In 1403,
11097-428: The belief that the interests of the Malay race must be upheld over anything else. From 1968, the inability of MCA to preserve ethnic Chinese Malaysian interests, particularly with regards to their culture, education, and language, resulted in the formation of another ethnic Chinese representative party, the Malaysian People's Movement Party (GERAKAN) led by Chinese overseas-educated elite, although this party also joined
11234-527: The building was white, the current red paint was from a later date. Malacca was ceded to the British in the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 in exchange for Bencoolen on Sumatra. From 1824 to 1942, Malacca was under the rule of the British, first by the East India Company and then as a crown colony . Due to dissatisfaction with British jurisdiction over Naning , Dol Said , a local chief, fought
11371-830: The business sector's dominant players; equity ownership doubled from 22.8 percent in 1969 to 45.5 percent in 1990, and nearly all of Malaysia's richest people are Chinese. Since Malaysian Chinese manage the country's economy, most (75.8 percent in 1991) live in urban areas. They generally do not speak Malay among themselves; this contrasts with earlier Chinese communities such as the Straits-born Chinese of Baba-Nyonya, Kelantanese and Terengganuan Peranakans , Penangite Hokkien and Sabah Sino-natives , who mingled with local Malay and other indigenous peoples. Chinese in East Malaysia in Sabah and Sarawak, particularly in small inland towns, interact more closely with
11508-478: The census reported that ethnic Chinese Malaysians numbered at 5,691,908, which was approximately 24.45% of the country's population at the time, with 86% of them living in urban areas. In West Malaysia , Hokkien became the leading group followed by Cantonese, Hakka and Teochew. The pattern differs in East Malaysia where Hakka is the majority in Sabah and Sarawak followed by Hokkien and Cantonese in Sabah and
11645-529: The centre of the spice trade , Malacca attracted many colonial powers that engaged in wars to control it. The Port of Tanjung Bruas, located in Tanjung Kling , was constructed in the late 1970s and commenced operations in the early 1980s to provide port facilities and services to the local business communities and to handle the exportation of hinterland goods as well as the importation of raw materials. Container ship handling services began in 2019, with
11782-650: The coastal towns of present-day Malaysia and Indonesia by the early 15th century. In addition to the early settlements in Kinabatangan and Malacca, two more old Chinese settlements are located in Terengganu and the Penang Island as part of trade networks with their respective areas. Although many Chinese traders avoided Portuguese Malacca after its 1511 conquest , the flow of emigrants from China continued. The Zhengde Emperor retaliated against
11919-472: The colony's economic life; the Dutch also established a settlement in Perak in 1650 through an earlier treaty with Aceh and suggested that Alauddin, the 17th Sultan of Perak, allow the Chinese to develop tin mines . This facilitated Alauddin's plan to request more Chinese workers from Malacca, and the sultan promised to punish any official guilty of mistreating the Chinese. With the sultan 's consent,
12056-459: The country sell traditional Chinese medicine with development support also given by the country Health Ministry . Chinese traditional health practice services in the country generally encompass the zhong yi 中医 (Chinese medicine), qigong (气功), chiropractic care (整骨), acupuncture (针灸) and several others. In 2012, the Traditional and Complementary Medicine Bill (T&CM) was passed by
12193-764: The country's foundation in 1963, the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) was the sole legitimate political representation for ethnic Chinese in Malaysia under the multi-racial political coalition of the Alliance Party (later expanded into National Front coalition). However, the growing restriction of non-Malay interests in Malaysian society and politics since the 1970s caused deep dissension among Chinese Malaysians. The perception that their ethnic party representatives were unable to stand for their people's rights grew, and that decision-making
12330-1259: The customs and habits of the people there, and live in unity with them, and their proper rights and interests will be protected by the Government of China and respected by the Government of Malaysia. Different Chinese dialects are spoken in Malaysian towns and cities. Among them are Hokkien in George Town , Alor Setar , Kangar , Seberang Perai , Klang , Taiping , Kota Bharu , Kuala Terengganu , Malacca City , Johor Bahru and Kuching , Teochew in Johor Bahru , Sungai Petani , Parit Buntar and Miri , Cantonese in Kuala Lumpur , Cheras , Kajang , Ipoh , Kuantan , Seremban , Mersing , Kampar , Petaling Jaya and Sandakan , Hakka in Kota Kinabalu , Tawau , Kulai and Kuala Kangsar , Fuzhou in Sibu , Miri and Sitiawan , and Hainanese in Kuala Terengganu and Papar . However, Mandarin
12467-583: The discovery of tin deposits in British Malaya , many Chinese immigrants worked in the tin-mining industry. As tin mines opened in Perak, many Chinese in neighbouring Penang became wealthy. Many Chinese tin-mining communities were established in the Malay Peninsula by the 1870s, particularly in Ipoh ( Kinta Valley ), Taiping , Seremban and Kuala Lumpur ( Klang Valley ). Each of the mining communities
12604-620: The dominant immigrant group as the first group of ethnic Chinese to settle in large numbers with their language become a contact language among Chinese of different linguistics background. The Cantonese from Guangdong follow suit and became well known as mineworkers, land reclamation , mechanics and their familiarity with cash cropping . Another large group, the Hakka are mostly hill farmers originated from northeastern Guangdong and various southern China places who specialise in forest clearance, mining as well on metalworking . Other groups like
12741-590: The early 1970s: a revolutionary wing in 1970 and a Marxist–Leninist wing in 1974. Kuala Lumpur and Beijing established diplomatic relations in 1974; China ended its aid to the factions, prompting their 1983 merger into the Malaysian Communist Party before their surrender to Thai authorities four years later and the 1989 peace agreement ending the insurgency. A Chinese communist insurgency in Sarawak, supported by neighboring Indonesia, ended with peace negotiations in 1990. Issues between
12878-607: The early 19th and the mid-20th centuries before the country attained independence from British colonial rule. The majority originate from the provinces of Fujian and Lingnan (including the three modern provinces of Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi). They belong to diverse ethnic Han subgroups such as the Hokkien and Fuzhou from Fujian, the Teochew , Cantonese , and Hakka from Guangdong, the Hainanese from Hainan and Kwongsai from Guangxi. Most Malaysian Chinese have maintained their Han Chinese heritage, identity, culture and language. Another group of Chinese migrants who arrived between
13015-407: The edges of the city proper in suburbs which include Ayer Keroh, Batu Berendam, Cheng, Taman Tasik Utama and Tanjung Kling. While outside Malacca City, industrial areas include Alor Gajah and Sungai Udang. There are around 500 factories in the state which come from Germany, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, United States etc. For small and medium-sized enterprises , a number of estates have been established by
13152-622: The establishment of the South Seas Communist Party in Singapore, followed by the Indochinese Communist Party , Communist Party of Malaya , Communist Party of Burma and Communist Party of Siam ; the movement also maintained relations with the earlier, Southeast Asian Communist Party of Indonesia . The Communist Party of Malaya followed the general communist policy of opposing Western democracies before World War II , increasing propaganda against
13289-453: The expanding British colonial ambitions in the region which led to the establishment of Straits Settlements , more migrants were attracted and the region became an important destination for Chinese emigration . By the late 19th century with the second wave of migration through the British colonial rule, the Hokkien of southern Fujian led by many of their wealthy and powerful individuals with skills in finance and maritime shipping became
13426-596: The first group from the first migration wave are the Peranakans in Kelantan and Terengganu , Sino-Natives in Sabah and Straits-born Chinese (Baba-Nyonya) in Malacca and Penang . The Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century caused much chaos and suffering in southern China, which led many ethnic Chinese civilians to seek refuge overseas, particularly to the Nanyang region (Southeast Asia) in further south. With
13563-466: The first official Chinese trade envoy led by Admiral Yin Qing arrived in Malacca. Later, Parameswara was escorted by Zheng He and other envoys in his successful visits. Malacca's relationships with Ming China granted it protection from attacks by Siam and Majapahit . Malacca officially submitted to Ming China as a protectorate . This encouraged the development of Malacca into a major trade settlement on
13700-449: The following year; Templer preferred winning hearts and minds to military measures against the insurgents. As part of his campaign, Templer incentivised rebel surrender and used strict curfews and tight control of food supplies in involved areas to flush them out. Crops grown by insurgents were sprayed with herbicides and defoliants , and restrictions were lifted in areas free of insurgents by elevating them to "white status". In
13837-900: The formation of the guerrilla Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) in 1941. The MPAJA (primarily consisting of ethnic Chinese in Malaya) waged a guerrilla war against the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) with 10,000 men in eight battalions, and contacted the British Force 136 . Local Kuomintang revolts, such as the Jesselton uprising in British Borneo, were suppressed by the Kenpeitai . Much Chinese underground anti-Japanese activity in North Borneo
13974-409: The governing party or coalition. The chief Minister presides over a meeting of State Executive Council ministers weekly at the chief minister's office. The Chief Minister's Department is responsible for the overall administration of the state, as well as its political interest. The current chief minister is Sulaiman Md Ali of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). The administrative complex
14111-484: The importance of Malaccan issues in major policy decisions. Some Chinese, including those from Fujian (defying Ming-Dynasty regulation for the sake of trade), informed the Portuguese of the trade route between Guangdong and Siam. Since the local Malaccan Chinese were not treated favourably by the Portuguese, they and most overseas Chinese refused to cooperate with them. Through the Portuguese administration in Malacca, Chinese Muslims sided with other Islamic traders against
14248-528: The independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963, Malaysia was formed with the merger of Malaya with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore, and Malacca became part of it. The state capital, Malacca City , with a variety of architectures inherited from its colonial days, was declared a historical city on 15 April 1989 and granted city status on 15 April 2003 by the Federal Government of Malaysia . The city's historical core has been listed as
14385-452: The indigenous communities. Integration issues in present-day Malaysia are largely inherited from Malayan racial politics, in which ethnic communities consolidated into a single political community. Malaysia's contemporary educational and social policies has created a Chinese brain drain to developed countries , especially Singapore . The country has experienced a slight wave of Mandarin -speaking immigrants from northeastern China and
14522-625: The introduction of different kind of technologies and managerial systems which resulted from Malaysia becoming the largest trading partner to China in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. Nevertheless, unlike the more transboundary business influence by neighbouring Chinese Singaporeans , a majority of Chinese Malaysian businesses are still seen as less concentrating on developing business ties with other Southeast Asian Chinese businessmen despite there have been few businesses made by several local Malaysian Chinese companies. Since
14659-617: The introduction of pepper to the kingdom, pepper cultivation in Sarawak's First Division Kuching-Serian region was dominated by the Hakka; Fuzhou and Cantonese people dominated cultivation in the Third Division Sarikei-Binatang region, making Sarawak the world's second-largest pepper producer. After the British gained control of the four states of Perak, Selangor , Negeri Sembilan and Pahang , nearly two million Chinese immigrated to Perak and Selangor. After
14796-431: The largest. The climate of Malacca is hot and humid throughout the year with abundant rainfall, highest between September and November. Daytime high temperatures range between 31 and 33 °C (88 and 91 °F) and nighttime lows around 23 °C (73 °F). Despite being in a location without any significant natural resources, the economy of Malacca dates back more than 500 years, due to its strategic location. As
14933-653: The late 2000s to late 2010s, two bungalows in the town of Peringgit housed galleries which display and promote foreign artwork and culture. Among these were Casa Cuba , which was established by the embassy of Cuba and the Macau Gallery , which was established by the Government of Macau . A gallery promoting the state was also established in Jakarta , Indonesia . The state of Malacca covers an area of 1,775 km (685 sq mi). It located on
15070-469: The latter by providing ships and human capital . Negotiations were later held in Guangdong between Chinese officials and Portuguese envoys about Malaccan issues, with Malacca remaining under Portuguese control. After the 1641 Dutch takeover of Malacca , many local Malaccan Chinese were hired to construct Dutch buildings. The Dutch found the Chinese industrious, and encouraged their participation in
15207-426: The line they were taking with growing truculence on a heavy racial accent, the intimidatory postures and the snarling guttural notes on which they sent out their signals to their followers on the basis of the race lead us to only one conclusion -- that if this goes on, Malaysia will not belong to Malaysians . Since there are so many Malaysians, we decided that the time has come for us to speak our minds. Lee's call for
15344-446: The local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511. The head of state is the Yang di-Pertua Negeri or Governor, rather than a sultan . Malacca is noted for its unique history and it is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia. With a highly strategic state position for international trade routes, Malacca was once a well-known international trade centre in
15481-475: The national-level figure of RM42,228. The State Socioeconomic Report 2017 published on 26 July 2018 reported that Malacca was the state that recorded the lowest unemployment rate in 2017 with only 1.0 percent. Malacca houses three power stations, namely the 330 MW Tanjung Kling Power Station in Tanjung Kling and 440 MW Telok Gong Power Station 1 and 720 MW Telok Gong Power Station 2 in Telok Gong , with
15618-627: The other two groups. After two years as part of the federation and the enactment of Article 153 of the Constitution of Malaysia , Lee was joined by the Malay Peninsula's United Democratic Party and People's Progressive Party and Sarawak's United Peoples' Party and Machinda Party in the Malaysian Solidarity Convention to campaign for equality. In a June 1965 speech at the MSC meeting in Singapore, Lee said: It took
15755-933: The other two were reformists and revolutionaries who advocated constitutional reforms , the introduction of a parliamentary system , and the overthrow of Qing and Manchu influence on a modern Chinese nation. After the revolution which established the Republic of China , branches of the Kuomintang emerged in British Malaya. Kuomintang activities in British Borneo were coordinated by the Democratic Party of North Borneo, consisting of Chinese-educated towkays . Patriotism among Chinese immigrant communities focused on China. British colonial authorities initially did not object to Kuomintang membership. A communist movement developed among overseas Chinese by 1925 with
15892-758: The peninsular as well as Sandakan and Keningau ( Taishanese or 台山人) in Sabah, and to a lesser extent, Miri and Sarikei in Sarawak. The Teochews are mostly found in Johor and Melaka, with a minority of them settling in pockets of Kedah, pockets of Penang and parts of coastal Selangor. The Fuzhounese are numerous in Yong Peng , Sitiawan , Sungai Pelek , Miri , Bintangor , Sarikei , Bintulu , Kapit , and Sibu . The population of Hainanese can be found in all cities and towns in Malaysia, numerously in Malacca and Terengganu and Henghuas or Putian (兴化人 or 莆田人) and Hockchia or Fuqing (福清人) in various other areas. There
16029-438: The plan included labour reorganisation, the deployment of troops throughout Malaya, and cooperation between the police, the army, and intelligence. Under the resettlement scheme, more than 700,000 rural Chinese communities were relocated in 582 new government settlements. After British high commissioner Henry Gurney died in a 1951 ambush, Gerald Templer are appointed as the new high commissioner for Malaya by Winston Churchill
16166-407: The responsibility of saving our country by donating your money, while our comrades in our country are sacrificing their lives. —Sun Yat-sen at the 1910 Penang conference in the Straits Settlements of Penang Civil wars and other conflicts among the indigenous ethnic groups ended when the British gained control of Malaya and the northern island of Borneo by the 1900s. However, none of
16303-536: The second-largest ethnic group in Malaysia, after the Malay majority , and constitute 22.4% of the Malaysian total population. Today, Malaysian Chinese form the second largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world, after the Thai Chinese . Malaysian Chinese maintain a significant and substantial presence in the business sector of the Malaysian economy . Most Malaysian Chinese are descendants of Southern Chinese immigrants who arrived in Malaysia between
16440-511: The southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula opposite Sumatra , with the state of Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the east. Malacca is situated roughly two-thirds of the way down the west coast, 149 km (93 mi) south of Kuala Lumpur and has a central position on the Strait of Malacca . With the exception of some of its small hills , Malacca is generally a lowland area with average elevation of less than 50 metres above sea level. While being relatively isolated from
16577-473: The state government. In 2016, Malacca became the safest place to live in Malaysia. The state crime rates dropped by 15.5 per cent in 2017 with 3,096 cases recorded compared to 3,663 in 2016. Malacca recorded a gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 8.1% in 2017, the second highest in the country after Sabah. Services sector remained the main contributor to the state’s economy at 44.8% of GDP. The GDP per capita also expanded 11.2% to RM46,015 in 2017, surpassing
16714-465: The state, which are Kesang Satu Lake, Kesang Dua Lake and Ayer Keroh Lake . Raw water is supplied from the Malacca River , Kesang River and Gerisik River. Daily water consumption for Malacca is 500 million litres and each resident consumes 220 litres per day, higher than the national average of 180 litres per day. The Malacca State Government signed an agreement with Johor State Government on
16851-704: The states of Johor , Kedah , Kelantan , Malacca , Penang , Perlis , Perak , Sarawak , Labuan and Terengganu while the Hakka is prominent in Sabah and the second largest sub-group in Labuan . The Cantonese (including the smaller population of Kwongsais or Guangxi (广西人) people in states such as Johor , Pahang and Perak ) are mostly concentrated in the cities of Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh , and to some extent in Bera , Kuantan , Muallim , Bentong , Kuala Kangsar , Lipis , Mersing , Raub , Cameron Highlands , Jerantut , Temerloh , Bahau , Kampar , Rompin , Gopeng , Maran , Tapah , Pekan , Bidor and Seremban in
16988-617: The strong current of a river in Sumatra that today bears the name Sungai Melayu ('Melayu river') which was later possibly adopted to be Melaka as denoting a place for the fleeing prince. [REDACTED] Portuguese Malacca 1511–1641 [REDACTED] Dutch East India Company 1641–1795 [REDACTED] Dutch East Indies 1818–1825 [REDACTED] British Straits Settlements 1825–1946 [REDACTED] Crown Colony of Malacca 1946–1957 [REDACTED] Federation of Malaya 1957–1963 [REDACTED] Malaysia 1963–present Before
17125-527: The trade route between China and India, the Middle East , Africa and Europe. During the early 15th century, Ming China actively sought to build in Malacca a commercial hub and a base of operation for their treasure voyages into the Indian Ocean . Malacca had been a relatively insignificant region, not even qualifying as a polity prior to the voyages according to both Ma Huan and Fei Xin , and
17262-429: The two nations, which stated: The Chinese government considers anyone of Chinese origin who has taken up his own will or acquired Malaysian nationality as automatically forfeiting Chinese nationality . As for residents who retain Chinese nationality of their own will, the Chinese government, acting in accordance with its consistent policy, will enjoin them to abide by the law of the Government of Malaysia , respect
17399-482: Was 1.6%. As of 2015 , the Malacca State Government has an outstanding MYR861.7 million of loan to the federal government . In 2014, the state government's reserve amounted to MYR206.61 million. The unemployment rate in 2014 was 0.9% or around 3,500 people. The state has a relatively well-educated population, with a youth literacy rate of 99.5% as reported by Malaysia Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. Currently there are 23 industrial areas which are centred along
17536-538: Was a vassal region of Siam . In 1405, the Ming court dispatched Admiral Zheng He with a stone tablet enfeoffing the Western Mountain of Malacca as well as an imperial order elevating the status of the port to a country. The Chinese also established a government depot (官廠) as a fortified cantonment for their soldiers. Ma Huan reported that Siam did not dare to invade Malacca thereafter. The rulers of Malacca, such as Parameswara in 1411, would pay tribute to
17673-656: Was abolished, as the British sought to consolidate the various political entities in British Malaya under a single polity named the Malayan Union . The now separate Crown Colony of Malacca was consequently merged into the Malayan Union, which was then replaced by the Federation of Malaya in 1948. The declaration of independence was made by the first Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman , at Padang Pahlawan on 20 February 1956, which eventually led to
17810-530: Was founded after convoys from the Ming Dynasty developed a city and the area's chief was crowned king. During his fourth imperial-fleet visit, Ma wrote that the local king had just converted to Islam and dressed like an Arab . The last edition of Mingshi , one of the official Chinese Twenty-Four Histories , mentioned a pre-established Chinese settlement in the area. Mentions in other records exist, especially after trade contacts were established with
17947-452: Was governed by a Kapitan Cina , with duties and privileges similar to those in Johor 's Kangchu system . Chinese migration sprang from poverty in rural China and employment opportunities in the British colonies or protectorates , and an estimated five million Chinese had immigrated by the 19th century. Despite economic prosperity after immigration, the new Chinese communities split into
18084-490: Was influenced by the Malay supremacists dominated party of United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). The UMNO was the most influential part of the existing political coalition, and also championed Islamic values. Despite the coalition's multi-racial appearance, UMNO founding president Onn Jaafar has once said that their movement did not adhere to any ideology other than " Malayism ", defined by Malay scholar Ariffin Omar as
18221-408: Was intertwined with very much family and kinship ties. By the 21st century with the rising of China's economic influence , their economy network are jointly connected with other Overseas Chinese through the bamboo network . The local Chinese played a key role in facilitating China's capital to invest in Malaysia while in the process both benefited from expanded markets, lower labour costs and
18358-425: Was made. As of 2012 , service sector had the largest share of Malacca's economy at 46.9%, followed by manufacturing at 43.5%, agriculture at 6.5%, construction at 2.9% and mining at 0.1%. In terms workforce numbers, as of 2013 , there were 275,000 people working in the industrial sectors, 225,000 people working in the service sectors, 35,000 people working in the entrepreneurship sectors and 12,300 people working in
18495-758: Was part of the Nanyang Chinese National Salvation Movement, led by Tan Kah Kee ; in Sarawak, activities were coordinated by the Sarawak Anti-Fascist League. The MPAJA was disbanded after the 1945 Allied victory in the Pacific , and many of its leaders were commended by the British. It began to massacre perceived collaborators (primarily Malay) after it was disbanded, however, sparking a Malay backlash. The MPAJA also targeted British posts, with several grenade attacks on British troops. In North Borneo,
18632-585: Was severely hampered by administrative and economic difficulties. Rather than achieving their ambition of dominating Asian trade, the Portuguese had disrupted the organised network that had existed. The centralised port of exchange of Asian wealth was now gone, as was a Malay state to police the Strait of Malacca which had made it safe for commercial traffic. Trade was now scattered over a number of ports that fought amongst each other. The Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier spent several months in Malacca in 1545, 1546, and 1549. The Dutch launched several attacks on
18769-609: Was taken as a basis for the species Phyllanthus emblica named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 through Latinising its original Sanskrit name आमलक ( āmalaka ), to which the species have since been planted as ornamentals in various state attractions. However, some researchers like those of the Forestry Research Institute of Malaysia speculate that the legendary name-giving tree may have been the species Phyllanthus pectinatus more endemic to Malay Archipelago forests which superficially resemble P. emblica . There
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