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108-615: The date of foundation of the plant is considered to be 1863. In 1908, the company was founded, which later became the Melitopol Motor Plant (MeMZ). In 1923, the former Abram Koop plant was renamed the Communar. In 1960, the Melitopol Motor Plant began to supply its engines to the Zaporizhia Automobile Plant. Since 1975, MeMZ has become a part of the production association "AvtoZAZ". Today it is one of

216-700: A badge-engineered version of the Nissan Vanette . In 1990, they created the Espero , designed by Bertone , initiating a tradition at Daewoo Motor of models created by Italian designers. Daewoo Heavy Industries (DHI) introduced in 1991, the Tico mini car which was sold at Daewoo Motor's dealers. DHI was also selling since 1981 the Damas minivan and the Labo mini pickup, all three being based on Suzuki models. When

324-517: A pickup with a 400 kg (880 lb) payload, and a microbus able to seat six or seven plus a 175 kg (386 lb); even four-wheel drive models (971, 971B, and 971V) were planned. None was built. In 1975 the factory was consolidated in the AvtoZAZ holding, which was transformed into joint-stock company in 1990s. In 1986 ZAZ together with Comau installed a new production complex. The Illichivsk factory of automobile parts (IZAA) in one of

432-772: A Nazi prison in the city. After breaking through on the Mius River and defeating Axis troops in the Donbas and Taganrog, the Soviet Southern Front army pursuing the retreating enemy came to the Molochna River on 22 September 1943. Here, in the basin of the Milk River, German troops had begun to build a strong long-term defence which they called the Panther-Wotan line . It was on this line that

540-523: A Ukrainian-Korean joint venture with foreign investment was registered in the form of the closed joint-stock company AvtoZAZ-Daewoo. Production of a qualitatively new ZAZ-110206 "Tavria-Nova" car has been introduced. Production preparation works have been completed and large-scale assembly of European-level cars Daewoo Lanos, Daewoo Nubira, Daewoo Leganza has been started at the Black Sea Automobile Assembly Plant. Thanks to

648-485: A banner with the number 332 106. This is the number of cars produced during the years of production - from 1960 to 1969. In 1961, ZAZ designers began to develop the ZAZ-966 car with a new body. However, its production was delayed due to the allied leadership, perhaps for economic reasons - to put on the assembly line a new model just a year after the release of the previous one was considered inappropriate. Therefore, ZAZ-966

756-649: A design project of the Intercultural Park, prepared by a group of European architects and designers led by Mark Glaudemans – Director of the European Laboratory for urban planning, the Dean of the Academy of Architecture and Urbanism (city of Tilburg, Netherlands). In Melitopol removed first short film in 2015, "The Zone". Melitopol has 38 monuments, memorials and statues registered. One of them

864-412: A five-door station wagon ZAZ-1105 "Dana", which was produced until 1997. Since 1994, a new circuit for switching on the electric fan has been introduced and the design of the half-axles has been changed. But the introduction of local Ukrainian components has negatively affected the overall quality of the models, especially after 1992. After the founding of JV AvtoZAZ-Daewoo in 1998, some modernization of

972-812: A joint venture in Asaka , Uzbekistan , leveraging the presence of a large local ethnic Korean minority . Currently, the plant assembles the Matiz and the Nexia for both the local market and export, as well as the Lacetti hatchback and sedan for the domestic market only. In 1994, Daewoo acquired the Automobile Craiova company in Craiova , Romania , which was producing a derivate of the Citroën Axel model,

1080-716: A joint venture with General Motors under the name "GM Korea", but was renamed again in 1976 to " Saehan Motors ". GM Korea shortly sold their Rekord model under the GM Korea marque , together with the Chevrolet 1700, a rebadged Holden Torana . After the Daewoo Group gained control in December 1982, from January 1983, the name was officially changed to "Daewoo Motor Co." Until 1996, all cars were based on models from General Motors . All Saehan models were named 'Daewoo',

1188-642: A prisoner swap. In the meantime, the Russian forces had attempted to install former councilor Halyna Danylchenko of the Opposition Bloc party as acting mayor. The Melitopol City Council declared that this was an attempt to "illegally create an occupation administration" and appealed to the Prosecutor General of Ukraine to launch a pre-trial investigation into Danylchenko and her party. On 23 March 2022, now-exiled Mayor Fedorov reported that

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1296-635: A production partner of ZAZ and UkrAvto, providing investments for the development of large- and small-scale production of cars of its model range. In the same year, the Swiss financial and investment company Hirsch & Cie acquired a 50% stake in ZAZ owned by Daewoo Motors. In 2004, serial production of the Opel Astra Classic began. In 2005, full-scale production of the Daewoo Lanos began at

1404-558: A revolutionary aftersales service which included free servicing for three years. In 1996, it gained a 1% share of the new car market in Britain with some 20,000 sales. The European Daewoo range was updated in 1997 with the launch of the Lanos , Nubira and Leganza from 1997. The Matiz city car was released in 1998, and was a great success for the company, most notably in non-Asian countries such as Italy , where it won many awards such as

1512-776: A share of AvtoZAZ , an automobile manufacturer based in Ukraine , from 1998 to 2003, establishing the AvtoZAZ-Daewoo joint venture. The CKD assembly of the Daewoo Lanos started in 2002 in Ukraine and later it was adopted for full-scale production as the ZAZ Lanos . A version of the Daewoo-developed Chevrolet Aveo has been assembled for local market at the Chornomorsk subsidiary. Following

1620-548: A team under Yuri Danilov , which pioneered use of 0.7 mm (0.028 in)-thick steel in the Soviet Union. The steel was provided by Zaporizkyi Metallurgical Plant . The engine and transmission were straight out of a ZAZ-965, which caused liftover problems, because the V4 was mounted under the rear floor. Three prototypes were built in 1962: a van with 350 kg (770 lb) payload and 2.5 m (88 cu ft) volume,

1728-597: A very bad image, so that GM simply decided to extend the Chevrolet strategy that was already used in most other markets (Canada, India, Israel, Russia) since 2003 to create a real global brand, replacing the Daewoo "dual kidney" with the Chevrolet "bowtie". The Winstorm and Tosca were presented as the Chevrolet Captiva and the Chevrolet Epica. Some of the former Daewoo models changed their names after

1836-425: Is 33.9% more than in 2010 (45,465), with more than 50% of the cars produced for export. ZAZ's products were never held in high esteem by Soviet citizens. In fact, ZAZ's original mission was to create a "people's car", almost like Volkswagen 's initial mission. In May 2009, ZAZ won the international tender for the production of vehicles for veterans and disabled people of Azerbaijan. Rebadged production performed at

1944-588: Is a relic of sandstone from the Sarmatian epoch of the Tertiary period . Its exact coordinates are 46°56′59.33″N 35°28′11.59″E  /  46.9498139°N 35.4698861°E  / 46.9498139; 35.4698861 The city actively created its own brand as a "city of honey", which is the translation of the Greek word "melitos". The city formed a cluster of honey producers, prepared investment projects for

2052-543: Is constantly improving a qualitatively new modern high-tech production that meets the requirements of the international standard ISO 9001 version 2000. The first three symbols of the VIN-code of Zaporizhia-made cars are Y6D. The company that became ZAZ developed out of four businesses founded by German entrepreneur Abram J. Koop to manufacture agricultural machinery. The factory had been built for local Mennonite industrialist Abram J. Koop in 1863. It produced iron parts for

2160-401: Is driven by engineering industries, that have received new impulse with the establishment of more than 100 new small and medium engineering business enterprises, united in the cluster "AgroBOOM". Machine engineering complex of the city is represented by 8 large plants and more than 100 small and medium-sized enterprises formed after 1991. Mechanical engineers of the city mainly produce goods for

2268-432: Is interesting and diverse, because the current car was preceded by many different prototypes, some of which have remained forever in the form of models, dusted in the design offices of ZAZ, and others were embodied in metal and once passed running tests . The first conceptual variant that left the plant on its own was the front-wheel drive ZAZ-1102 "Tavria" of the 1970 model, developed by a group of Kommunar specialists under

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2376-505: Is one of the reasons that Melitopol is called "the city of students". More than 10% of its citizens are students. The strong system of education is represented by different types of educational institutions at all levels of accreditation: two universities, four branches of different universities in Ukraine, seven professional schools, and three colleges. 26 pre-schools are operating in the city, in which 6,000 young citizens are being educated. For more than 500 children with special needs under

2484-400: Is the driest month, receiving 32.9 millimetres (1.30 in) of rainfall. There are a similar amount of precipitation days each month. August has the least, with 4.3 days. December and January have the most, with 7.5 days. Melitopol has 75.2 precipitation days annually on average. Humidity is higher in winter than in summer. August is the least humid month. December is the most humid. There is

2592-562: Is the statue of Bohdan Khmelnytsky , the famous hetman of the Zaporozhian Host . His images are printed on Ukrainian 5 hryvnia's banknotes. The other one represents Ostap Bender a hero of the book of Ilf and Petrov The Twelve Chairs . Melitopol has a number of museums, including the Melitopol Museum of Local History , which holds a collection of 60,000 objects relating to the history, culture and environment of

2700-447: Is the warmest month, with a mean of 23.6 °C (74.5 °F) and an average high of 30.0 °C (86.0 °F). Melitopol receives 488.8 millimetres (19.24 in) of precipitation annually. Precipitation is distributed evenly year-round, with no wet or dry season, although some months are wetter or have more precipitation days than others. June is the wettest month, receiving 57.5 millimetres (2.26 in) of rain on average. October

2808-620: The Daewoo Group . After running into financial difficulties, it sold most of its assets in 2002 to General Motors at $ 1.2 billion, becoming a subsidiary of the American company. In 2011, the name "Daewoo" was definitively removed with the company being renamed GM Korea and the Daewoo brand replaced by the Chevrolet marque. The company was established as "National Motor" in 1937 in Bupyeong-gu, Incheon , Japanese Korea . The name

2916-694: The Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych ) until 2008. Slogans: Melitopol Melitopol is a city and municipality in Zaporizhzhia Oblast , southeastern Ukraine . It is situated on the Molochna River , which flows through the eastern edge of the city into the Molochnyi Lyman estuary. Melitopol is the second-largest city in the oblast after Zaporizhzhia and serves as the administrative centre of Melitopol Raion . As of January 2022, Melitopol's population

3024-678: The Oltcit Club . The company's name was changed to "Romanian Daewoo Motor", abbreviated "Rodae", and later "Daewoo Automobile Romania". The entire production facility was refurbished to mainly produce the Cielo model and later, other models. Until 2008, it was producing the Daewoo Cielo, Matiz and Nubira models for the Romanian market, but also car parts for export, such as engines and gearboxes to GM Daewoo and to other companies. The factory

3132-550: The Soviet Union was attacked by Germany . The city became strategically important due to its location. The Red Army was not ready for the war and had to retreat. The German Wehrmacht occupied Melitopol on 6 October 1941. Within one week the entire remaining Jewish population of Melitopol (2,000 men, women and children) were murdered by Einsatzgruppen , which was actively supported by the Wehrmacht. The Germans operated

3240-677: The Tico , that was very popular in the Central European market. Since January 2005, FSO began to produce Matiz and Lanos under their own trademark. When making a joint venture with the Polish company Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych (FSC) in 1995, Daewoo also created "Daewoo Motor Polska" which produced the Daewoo Lublin van and the Daewoo Honker pick-up truck, based on the former Tarpan Honker . Daewoo Motor Polska and

3348-764: The Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant (ZAZ): Performed at the Illichivsk Automobile Parts Plant (IZAA): Former production performed at the Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant (ZAZ): Daewoo Motors Daewoo Motors ( / ˈ d eɪ w uː / DAY -woo ) was a South Korean automotive company established in 1937 as "National Motors". The company changed its name several times until 1982 when it became "Daewoo Motors" following its acquisition by

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3456-538: The windmills , reapers , threshers and plows . They were nationalized and restarted as the state-operated Kommunar factory which continued to produce twenty-four types of machines;. its first combine harvesters appeared in 1929, with 129,724 built by 1952 (not counting the war years). In 1930 Kommunar started to produce the first Soviet harvester Kommunar which was based on the American Holt Caterpillar horse-drawn harvester. The production of

3564-531: The Bolsheviks in the 1920s. On 27 April 2023, the police chief defector Oleksandr Mishchenko was killed in a bomb blast at his apartment block. His assassin(s) were Ukrainian partisans. According to the 1897 census , Jews made up 42% of the total population. According to the 2001 Ukrainian census , the population of the city was 160,352. Ukrainians made up 55.2% of the city's population, Russians 38.9%, and Bulgarians 1.8%. The exact ethnic composition

3672-733: The British van manufacturer LDV developed together during this period of time the Maxus van and, after Daewoo Group's bankruptcy, LDV secured the exclusive rights to the vehicle, purchased the tooling and moved it from Daewoo's plant in Poland to the LDV site in Birmingham . FSC was then sold by Daewoo's new parent company General Motors to the British investment group Intrall and the Honker's design to

3780-789: The Car of the Year award three times in a row, in 1998, 1999 and 2000. The Rezzo (or Tacuma), Evanda (Magnus) and Kalos models were then released, before the SsangYong -based SUVs : Korando , Musso and Rexton . After the General Motors buyout, the Daewoo models received a new badge, and were sold under the Daewoo name until 2003. The Lacetti was the last car to bear a Daewoo badge in Europe. The other Daewoo models were later rechristened as Chevrolets. Daewoo cars were also available in

3888-677: The Chinese manufacturer Chery Automobile to assemble passenger cars from kits and from 2011 started full-scale production of the Chery A13 under its own badge as ZAZ Forza. The same year production of the Chevrolet Aveo (T250) was moved from the FSO car factory to ZAZ. By Decree of the President of Ukraine , CJSC "ZAZ" employees were rewarded with State awards of Ukraine in 2009. In

3996-594: The Crimean direction. In the early twentieth century there were fifteen thousand people living in Melitopol. 30 factories and 350 shops operated in the city at that time. In the second half of the twentieth century there was a strong economic growth of the city: new factories, plants, and housing estates were constructed. Sixteen Melitopol business enterprises received All-Soviet Union significance status. Industrial products were exported to more than 50 countries. In 1941,

4104-412: The Daewoo brand continued to exist in some overseas markets several years after its replacement with Chevrolet, particularly in those countries where Daewoo Motors' former facilities were not part of the General Motors take over plan. Examples of markets where it continued to be used for former Daewoo models are Romania ( Daewoo Automobile Romania , until 2008), Ukraine ( ZAZ , licensed production, under

4212-607: The Daewoo brand until 2012), Egypt ( Daewoo Motor Egypt , until 2012) and, as an exception, Vietnam ( Vietnam-Daewoo Motor , which was a wholly owned subsidiary of GM Daewoo , produced models under the Daewoo brand until 2011, when it was discontinued in South Korea). Furthermore, the brand continued to exist in Uzbekistan (as Uz-DaewooAuto ) until 2015, whereas in Poland the Daewoo models continued to be produced (under

4320-404: The Daewoo-SsangYong badge in South Korea, contrary to other areas where they were sold under the Daewoo brand name. SsangYong's flagship limousine, the Chairman , was integrated to the Daewoo range, becoming the Daewoo Chairman, with a new three-part Daewoo corporate grille. By 1999, the whole Daewoo Group ran into financial trouble, and was forced to sell its automotive division. Candidates for

4428-406: The General Motors buyout, Daewoo cars were available in different countries. In Europe, Daewoo Motor started selling the Espero and the Cielo (or Nexia) from the beginning of 1995, and achieved reasonable sales success, particularly with British buyers, where Daewoo proved popular largely due to its competitive prices and revolutionary dealership network, where cars were sold at fixed prices with

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4536-426: The German Defence Line Wotan and liberation of Melitopol" and each of the 30,000 limited-edition coins was worth the equivalent of US-$ 5. There is a well-developed, internationally important engine -constructing industry. Thanks to the rich historical heritage, economic and geographical situation and enterprising citizens the city has developed mechanical engineering, light and food industry. The city's development

4644-453: The M14 Odesa-Novoazovsk Highway and the M26 Kharkiv-Simferopol National Highway. Melitopol railway station acts as the transit point for passengers travelling between Moscow and the Crimea . The city is called the "gateway to the Crimea". Melitopol has two bus stations, the older one operates local services, whereas buses from the newer station form part of the national bus service. The marshrutkas , which operate on 34 routes throughout

4752-411: The Maepsy being refreshed became the Maepsy-Na. The Royale Series models were kept, Daewoo adding the Royale XQ and Royale Duke (March 1982), Royale Prince (July 1983) and Royale Salon Super (March 1986). Above the Royale range, the Daewoo Imperial flagship luxury car was added in 1989, with styling reminiscent of the contemporary Chrysler Imperial and New Yorker , but also luxury Japanese sedans. It

4860-461: The Magnus L6 was introduced, equipped with Daewoo's first straight-six engine , with a new front grille and lamps. The same year, Daewoo also presented the Kalos subcompact, designed to replace the Lanos. In 1998, after the Asian financial crisis , Daewoo Motor took over the troubled four-wheel-drive specialist SsangYong Motor , only to sell it off again in 2000, because the conglomerate ran into deep financial trouble. Its models were sold under

4968-464: The Polish company Andoria-Mot. In 1998, Daewoo Motor bought 50.2% of Avia , a Czech automotive company. The year after, the trade name of the company was changed to Daewoo-Avia. In the same year, the company became the exclusive importer and distributor of Daewoo vehicles for the Czech Republic, and started manufacturing the Polish Lublin van and the new Avia D60/90 series truck range. General Motors' buyout plan did not include Daewoo-Avia in 2001. In

5076-411: The Royale Series range was discontinued, its models were slightly refreshed and offered under the Prince and Super Salon or Brougham model names until respectively 1997 and 1999. In 1992, the joint-venture with General Motors ended, leaving Daewoo Motor as an independent company. In 1994, Daewoo started importing the second-generation Honda Legend to replace the discontinued flagship Imperial, under

5184-400: The Station of Young Technicians, the Vodvudenko Palace for Children and Teenagers Creativity, Small Academy of Sciences, and the Center of Children and Teenagers. Other creative centers unite nine communal hobby clubs. The aerodrome close to the city, where the 25th Transport Aviation Brigade is based, is not used for passenger services. The two main highways leading through Melitopol are

5292-482: The United States and Canada between 1997 and 2002, Australia and many other countries, until Daewoo's bankruptcy. Since Daewoo's withdrawal from many markets, the Lanos was replaced with Chevrolet 's as the Aveo , whereas the Nubira and Leganza were given replacements from either the Chevrolet or Suzuki brands. In January 2005, the Chevrolet brand was introduced in Europe, the whole Daewoo range being simply re-badged as Chevrolet. General Motors' official tagline

5400-411: The Zaporizhia Automobile Plant. UkrAvto Corporation became the main shareholder of the flagship of the Polish automotive industry - the FSO plant. The Chevrolet Lanos car, manufactured by the Zaporizhia Automobile Plant, was exported to Russia. In 2005, ZAZ designers developed the ZAZ Lanos Pick-up. In 2005, the plant produced 148,163 cars, in 2006 - 193,113. In 2006, the production of I-VAN buses

5508-425: The age of seven years, there are rehabilitation programs to provide the needed services. Educational services for 14,000 students are provided by 23 secondary schools. There is a center of labor training and professional orientation for young people. A network of six non-school institutions are the following: the Centre of Ecological-Naturalistic Art for Youth, the Center of Tourist and Local Lore Creativity for Youth,

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5616-402: The agricultural sector. Enterprises include: The following companies can be called the basis of light industry in the city: Thanks to the proximity of the agricultural areas and raw materials of the Zaporizhzhia , Mykolaiv , Kherson , and Dnipropetrovsk regions, the food industry is well represented in the city. The main enterprises of the food industry are: In 1874, a technical school

5724-407: The all-wheel drive version of the 1976 model with a completely modern appearance at the time. The designers of the Kommunar plant needed a lot of time to prepare and launch into serial production in 1988 the final version of the ZAZ-1102 "Tavria". In 1991, three years after the start of production, the car was restyled, during which the shape of the front wings and interior elements changed. To reduce

5832-440: The assembly line of the Kommunar plant (currently PJSC ZAZ). Production of serial machines began on October 1, 1960, and by the end of the year was released about one and a half thousand "Zaporozhtsiv". ZAZ-965 "Zaporozhets" quickly became popular. It cost relatively little and was economical. Operating fuel consumption was 7.3 liters per 100 km against 10 liters in " Moskvich-402 " or " Moskvich-407 ". The full-fledged 4-seater

5940-530: The bankruptcy of Daewoo Motors in 2001, UkrAvto bought AvtoZAZ in 2002. All production facilities of AvtoZAZ (primarily MeMZ and the Black Sea Motor Plant) were transformed into ZAZ. The company has even adopted a new logo. Daewoo's stake (50%) in the joint venture was bought by the Swiss company Hirsch & CIE in 2003. PJSC "ZAZ" is now the only company in Ukraine that has a full cycle of passenger car production, which includes stamping, welding, painting, body equipment and car assembly. The plant has created and

6048-415: The bankruptcy of Daewoo Motor in 2001, UkrAVTO corporation bought out the AvtoZAZ holding in 2002. All of the AvtoZAZ manufacturing facilities (most notably MeMZ and the Chornomorsk assembling plant) were reincorporated into ZAZ. The company even adopted a new logo. The Daewoo part in the joint venture was bought out by the Swiss venture Hirsch & CIE in 2003. In August 1992, Daewoo set up Uz-DaewooAuto ,

6156-552: The bankruptcy of Daewoo Motors in 2001, UkrAVTO corporation bought out AvtoZAZ holding in 2002. All of the AvtoZAZ manufacturing facilities (most notably, MeMZ and Illichivsk assembling plant) were reincorporated into ZAZ. The company even adopted a new logo. The Daewoo part in the joint venture was bought out by Swiss venture Hirsch & CIE in 2003. End of 2004 saw the beginning of full-scale production of completely domestic ZAZ Lanos (T150), now that CKD kits of Lanos were no longer supplied. In 2006, ZAZ reached an agreement with

6264-415: The biggest freight sea ports on Black Sea in Illichivsk became part of the AutoZAZ holding. Newer front wheel drive cars are based on model 1102 Tavria (1989–2007) and are powered by a water cooled, front mounted MeMZ engine and fall into micro-class. On June 1, 1994, the factory ceased production of its ZAZ-968M model. When AvtoZAZ-Daewoo joint venture with Daewoo Motors was formed in 1998, ZAZ

6372-560: The car assembly plant in the Black Sea ; after modernization at the main plant in Zaporozhye, the production of a qualitatively new Tavria was resumed; administrative and personnel policy changed. This period was also marked by significant changes in the strategy opened up new prospects and opportunities for cooperation with the greats of the global automotive business - DaimlerChrysler , General Motors , Opel , Renault and others, which allowed to implement investment projects to organize full-scale production of leading global brands. In 2003,

6480-476: The city was experiencing problems with food, medication, and fuel supplies, and that the Russian military was seizing businesses, intimidating the local population, and holding several journalists in custody. On 30 May, a bomb exploded in central Melitopol during a humanitarian aid transfer between local residents and Russian personnel, injuring at least three people, according to the Russian investigative committee's website which referenced "Ukrainian saboteurs" as

6588-408: The city. On 10 March 2022, after the Russian attack on the city , the director of the museum, Leila Ibragimova, was arrested at her home by Russian forces, was interrogated in an unknown location and later released. There is the unique relic of the Stone Grave ( Ukrainian : Кам'яна могила , translit. Kamyana mohyla , Russian : Каменная могила ) 12 km (7 mi) north of Melitopol. It

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6696-429: The cost of the car, attempts were made to switch from expensive front Czech optics to domestic. The cessation of production threatened "Tavria" in the mid-1990s, because buyers did not have money for a new car. And the quality of ZAZ products was severely lame: it concerned both the production itself and the components. But despite the difficult times in 1995, the plant prepared for production a new model based on "Tavria" -

6804-492: The decree to create the Taurida Oblast on the lands that had been won. The deputy of Novorossiya Grigory Potemkin signed the relation to establish a town that very year – and Cossacks' families and those of retired soldiers of Suvorov settled on the right bank of the Molochna River. Among others, Germans were encouraged to settle in the new province, and some villages in this area were for many years German-speaking, such as Heidelberg (now Pryshyb) some 50 km (31 mi) to

6912-447: The establishment of an apitherapy center (treatment with the help of bee products) and encourages the creation of souvenir products made from honey. In October 2013, the National Bank of Ukraine introduced a new commemorative silver coin on the 70th anniversary of the Melitopol offensive against German troops and the liberation of the city of Melitopol on 23 October 1943. The new coin was called "The Breakthrough of Soviet Troops Against

7020-413: The fate of the Crimean peninsula and the whole course of offensive operations in the southern Soviet Union were decided. The German defense consisted of four lines, covered with solid anti-tank ditches and land mines. The first attempt of the Soviet Southern Front army to break through was unsuccessful. Soviet commanders decided to prepare thoroughly a new attempt: the so-called “Melitopol operation”, which

7128-417: The financial support of a foreign partner, new technologies, unique quality control systems, engineering developments, which were introduced together with investments, as well as the consistent assistance of the state, a new historical stage has begun for Zaporizhzhya plant. In 1999, UkrAvto Corporation was delegated the functions of managing the state-owned stake in the plant. In 2002, UkrAvto Corporation became

7236-450: The first half of 2012 ZAZ manufactured 20,060 vehicles, a 30% decline from the same period in 2011. In 2012 Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant started serial full-scale production of new car model, the ZAZ Vida . The history of passenger car production in Zaporizhia, which is identified with the history of the Ukrainian automobile industry in general, dates back to 1960, when the first Ukrainian microcar - ZAZ-965 "Zaporozhets" came off

7344-500: The front of the body, there was a new unit. A more serious reworking awaited the model in 1979–1980. ZAZ-968M became not only the last domestic car with a rear engine, but also the most durable, because it was produced until 1994. But he received a new line of engines: more powerful MeMZ-968 GE (45 hp) and MeMZ-968 BE (50 hp). In total (from 1960 to 1994) 3,422,444 Zaporozhets cars in Zaporizhia and air-cooled engines in Melitopol were manufactured. The history of " Tavria "

7452-417: The harvester allowed the Soviet Union to cease import of harvesters from abroad. Design of a car accessible to the public, and one in part taking the place of the soon to be discontinued Moskvitch 401 , began in 1956. Following the growing trend of small cars (then accounting for between 25% and 40% of all European car sales), the minister in charge of Minavtroprom (the Soviet automotive ministry) selected

7560-427: The leadership of chief designer Steshenko. However, the tests revealed many design flaws that determined the museum's future of this car. In 1973, two more experimental models were prepared with a 3-door hatchback and a 4-door sedan , which also failed to reach the level of a production car. The next stages in the evolution of the ZAZ-1102 Tavria were the 1974 front-wheel drive prototype with an elegant sedan body and

7668-484: The local market under the Doninvest brand, as the Assol, Orion and Kondor respectively. The project did not have much success, so TagAZ turned to Citroën to produce the Berlingo , and Hyundai to produce the Accent . Following the General Motors buyout in 2002, Daewoo lost interest in its overseas assets. The deals on supplies of pre-assembled CKD kits ended in 2005 and the facilities were forced to rely on their own production capabilities from that point on. Before

7776-553: The mid-sized Leganza followed, also designed by Giorgetto Giugiaro, borrowing some styling cues from the existing 1990 Jaguar Kensington concept car. In 1998, one of Daewoo's best-known cars was introduced, the Matiz . The design was signed by Fabrizio Giugiaro and based on his 1992 "Lucciola" concept car which was initially imagined as a replacement for the Fiat Cinquecento . This car became Daewoo Motor's best-seller for

7884-616: The mouth of the Molochna River. At the end of the 19th century, the "Honey-city" had been developed as a trade center – there were some banks, credit organizations and wholesale stores. The largest enterprises in the city at the time were the iron foundry and the Brothers Klassen's machinery construction factory (1886), the railroad depot and the workshops. Further development of the city was closely connected with trade, iron and engineering industries, and railway service in

7992-570: The name of Arcadia. This year, the LeMans also got a slight refresh, and all variants (three, four and five-door) were then sold under the Cielo model name. The first authentic Daewoo Motor product, the Lanos , was introduced in late 1997. It spawned three variants: four-door, three-door, called Romeo, and a five-door, the Juliet, being the first model of a whole new family of cars to be created. Styling

8100-598: The new Fiat 600 as the model to follow. The first prototype, the MZMA 444 , appeared in October 1957. It was powered by a flat twin -cylinder MD-65 engine provided by the Irbitskyi Motorcycle Plant , which was "totally unsuited": it produced only 17.5  hp (13.0  kW ; 17.7  PS ) and lasted only 30,000 km (19,000 mi) between major overhauls. As a result, a search for another engine

8208-630: The next four years. In 1999, Daewoo presented the Magnus which was a development of the existing Leganza. Sold in South Korea, alongside the Leganza, until the end of the latter's production in 2002, it existed in two variants: Classic and the sportier Eagle, the Nubira received a facelift in the same year. The Rezzo minivan was also introduced in early 2000. The Matiz got a facelift in 2001. In 2002,

8316-401: The north of Melitopol. In 1816, the settlement got the name sloboda of Novoalexandrovka . Its population was increasing due to the importation of peasants from the northern provinces of Ukraine and Russia. On 7 January 1842, the sloboda was recognized as a town and received the new name of Melitopol after a port city of Melita (from Greek Μέλι (meli) – "honey") which had been situated on

8424-409: The old-fashioned way, against the move, and could, if accidentally opened on the move, become a sail that could easily take the car off the road. Unsuccessful, from the point of view of fire safety, was the location of the gas tank in front of the body. Many motorists were not satisfied with the insufficient engine power, and therefore - the weak dynamics of the "Zaporozhets". Therefore, in October 1962

8532-499: The operation included Hyundai associated with DaimlerChrysler , Ford Motor Company and the GM - Fiat alliance. Finally, General Motors was the one who acquired Daewoo Motor's assets at $ 1.2 billion in 2002. In 2002, Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company was spun off from parent Daewoo Motor Co. Ltd. In 2004, it was acquired by Tata Motors , India's largest passenger automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturing company. Daewoo owned

8640-539: The owner of the state block of shares of Zaporizhzhya Automobile Plant (more than 82% of shares of OJSC AvtoZAZ, which in turn owns 50% of shares of CJSC ZAZ) and received the right to manage the enterprise and, in particular, its production programs. In January 2003, the company was renamed the Zaporizhia Automobile Plant. During 1998–2003, the company underwent profound structural changes according to new, world standards. organized quality control of products that meet international standards; production of Daewoo cars began at

8748-461: The plant changed its form of ownership and became a Closed Joint-Stock Company with Foreign Investment "Zaporizhzhya Automobile Plant". Also in 2003, a general distribution agreement was concluded between UkrAvto Corporation (represented by one of its divisions - UkrAvtoZAZ-Service), Zaporizhia Automobile Plant and the German company Adam Opel GmbH (European representative office of GMC). Opel acted as

8856-544: The possible perpetrators. In a statement from exile, Ivan Fedorov alluded to the possibility that the bombing was connected to local Ukrainian resistance fighters. On 30 September, in a move unrecognized internationally, the city was annexed by Russia as part of the Russian annexation of Zaporizhzhia oblast . Russian occupation authorities instituted a policy of re- Sovietization of the city, including restoring Soviet names to Melitopol's streets, these names were introduced by

8964-475: The production of the modernized ZAZ-965A began. Engine displacement increased from 746 to 887 cm, respectively, power increased from 22 to 27 hp. The maximum speed has also increased - from 80 to 90 km / h. This machine was produced until 1969. When the 130th anniversary of the plant was celebrated in September 1993, the festive motorcade was opened by one of the first "Zaporozhians", decorated with

9072-760: The re-branding decision. Examples are the Matiz which became Chevrolet Spark in some markets (although Chevrolet Matiz was also used), or the Kalos which became the Aveo (alongside the Chevrolet Kalos in other countries). Later, the tendency went towards a uniformisation in the Chevrolet Europe range: the Spark and the Cruze bear the same model names throughout all European markets. However, besides in South Korea,

9180-420: The structural elements of PJSC "ZAZ". In 1961 the plant was renamed "Zaporizhia Automobile Plant". The plant was engaged in the production of a single car - ZAZ-965, which went down in history as a "humpbacked Zaporozhets". JV "AvtoZAZ-DEU" (since January 2003 - CJSC "ZAZ") in the form of a closed joint stock company was established on April 15, 1998, on the production base of JSC "Avtozaz". The authorized capital

9288-556: The structure and saturation of the market with imported (Korean) components, there was hope for the rehabilitation of the quality of the car. In 1998, the so-called "transitional samples" were still in production, the complete set of which may not correspond to the declared one. In the fall of 1995, the ZAZ-1103 Slavuta, a five-door liftback based on the Tavria base, was presented. In 1999, its serial production began. In 1998,

9396-514: The success of the ZAZ-965, plant manager Yuri Sorochkin planned a forward control microbus on the ZAZ-965's platform (akin to the VW Type 2 being built on a modified Type 1 pan), with a 350 kg (770 lb) payload, as the ZAZ 970. Sorochkin hoped to capture the market for compact utility vehicles, which were in perennially short supply in the Soviet Union. The project was prototyped by

9504-455: The title of "Hero of the Soviet Union" for their actions in the reconquest of Melitopol. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Melitopol was attacked by the Russian forces on 25 February 2022, and captured after heavy fighting by 1 March. Mayor Ivan Fedorov pledged non-cooperation, and locals took to the streets to protest the Russian occupation. On 11 March Fedorov was abducted by the Russian military and released five days later as part of

9612-562: The year 2005, the company was overtaken by the investment group Odien Capital Partners and in October 2006, the division of light trucks moved under the concern of Ashok Leyland of India , becoming Avia Ashok Leyland Motors Company (AALM). In 1998, the low-volume assembly of the Lanos, Nubira and the Leganza started in Taganrog , Russia , at the TagAZ -Doninvest factory The cars were sold on

9720-460: Was acquired by the Romanian government and sold to Ford in 2007 (the official agreement was signed on 21 March 2008). The production of Daewoo models was stopped in May 2008, and Daewoo Automobile Romania became Ford Romania . Daewoo also invested into Poland's Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych (FSO) in 1995, forming a joint venture called Daewoo-FSO, for the assembly of the Matiz city car, a successor of

9828-713: Was approved for production 28 November 1958, the name changing to ZAZ (Zaporizhzhia Automobile Building Plant) to reflect the new profile. The Zaporizhzhia factory was supplemented with the Mikoyan Diesel-Building Factory in Melitopol , which was part of the Soyuzdiesel combinat. The first car, dubbed the ZAZ-965 Zaporozhets , was delivered 12 June 1959, was approved 25 July 1960, and entered production 25 October. Following on

9936-499: Was as follows: Melitopol has a humid continental climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate ( Dfa bordering on Cfa within the Köppen climate classification ). The temperature is slightly below freezing in winter and hot in summer. January is the coolest month, having a mean of −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) and an average low of −4.5 °C (23.9 °F). February has a lower average low of −4.7 °C (23.5 °F). July

10044-413: Was assigned to the new company as a 50% share on behalf of AvtoZAZ. Daewoo Motors made large investments and established the production of its own models, while keeping and modernizing the native ZAZ brand. CKD kits of Daewoo Lanos , Daewoo Nubira and Daewoo Leganza started assembling the same year in Chornomorsk ; at the same time, CKD assembly of a number of older VAZ models started. Following

10152-596: Was begun, and the success of the VW Type 1 's boxer led to a preference for an air-cooled engine, which NAMI (the National Automobile Institute) had on the drawing board. Minavtroprom , however, preferred a 23  hp (17  kW ; 23  PS ) 746 cc (45.5 cu in) V4 engine , the NAMI-G, which had the additional advantage of being developed for the LuAZ-967 . The new car

10260-584: Was by Giorgetto Giugiaro 's Italdesign firm. One of its main features was the new three-parts corporate grille, reminiscent of the Daewoo Motor emblem which was to be used on many of the following Daewoo cars. In September 1997, the Nubira was launched, the first Daewoo model to be produced in their new Kunsan motor plant. It was designed by the Italian-based I.DE.A Institute . Also in late 1997,

10368-694: Was carried out successfully from 26 September to 5 November 1943. Fighting lasted long, as the Germans introduced fresh reserves in order to keep Melitopol. Finally, after many days of heavy street fighting against vastly superior numbers of men and equipment, German resistance was broken and on 23 October the Red Army took complete control of the city. By decrees of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet , 87 Red soldiers and airmen were awarded

10476-992: Was changed to "Saenara Motor" in November 1962. Saenara was assembling and selling the Datsun Bluebird PL310 . The first automobile company in South Korea, Saenara was equipped with modern assembly facilities, and was established after the Automobile Industry Promotion Policy was announced by the South Korean government in 1962. Saenara Motor was then bought by Shinjin Industrial in 1965, which changed its name to Shinjin Motors after establishing collaborations with Toyota . After Toyota's withdrawal in 1972, Shinjin Motor started

10584-405: Was compact and maneuverable: its length was 3.33 m, and the radius of rotation behind the track of the outer wheel - 5 m. Independent suspension of all wheels, smooth, without a tunnel for the "cardan", bottom, 20-centimeter ground clearance the rear axle provided good passability. There were, of course, shortcomings. For example, the noise, which often annoyed the rear passengers. The doors opened in

10692-596: Was estimated to be 148,851. Melitopol has been under Russian control since March 2022. On September 30, 2022, the city was formally annexed by the Russian Federation ; however, it remains internationally recognized as sovereign territory of Ukraine. The city is located at the crossing of two major European highways: E58 Vienna – Uzhhorod – Kyiv – Rostov-on-Don and E105 Kirkenes – St. Petersburg – Moscow – Kyiv – Yalta . An electrified railway line of international importance goes through Melitopol. The city

10800-652: Was formed at the expense of the founders' contributions: from OJSC Avtozaz - property in the amount equivalent to $ 150; from Daewoo Motors - $ 150 million. In addition to the main enterprise in Zaporizhia, the joint venture also included the Melitopol Motor Plant (Fracturing Plant AvtoZAZ-Motor), the Black Sea Plant of Automobile Units (Fracturing Plant ChZAA), and the Pologi Plant Iskra (Fracturing Plant Iskra) as self-supporting enterprises. Following

10908-424: Was founded in the city which, after a series of reforms and transformations, became Tavria State Agrotechnological University. The city now has two public universities − Tavria State Agrotechnological Academy and Bohdan Khmelnytsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University , as well as a private institute – Zaporizhzhia Institute of Economics and Information Technologies . A long history of universities and schools

11016-637: Was once known as "the gateway to the Crimea "; prior to the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea 80% of passenger trains heading to the peninsula passed through it and during the summer, road traffic reached 45,000 vehicles per day. Both Ukrainian and Russian names are based on the Greek name Μελιτόπολις , lit.   ' honey city ' . The city was called Kyz-Yar ( Crimean Tatar : Qız Yar ; Ukrainian: Киз-Яр ), and Novooleksandrivka (Ukrainian: Новоолександрівка ) before 1815 and 1842 respectively. It

11124-639: Was produced until 1993. The first Daewoo addition was the 1986 LeMans model, based on the Opel Kadett E. Its three-door versions were called the Racer and the five-door version were called Penta-5. This car had an international ambition for GM, as it was sold almost worldwide, as the Pontiac LeMans, Asüna GT and SE, or Passport Optima. This car was produced until February 1997, being one of Daewoo Motor's greatest successes. In 1986, Daewoo also offered

11232-464: Was regarded as a topic worthy of a joke. Since 1969, on the basis of the model ZAZ-966 began to produce ZAZ-968 with a new engine and some minor changes. Since 1975 in the same body - ZAZ-968A. It featured a new brake system, improved front seats and an ignition lock with anti-theft device. Before the ZAZ-968A in 1972 there was a slightly modernized model ZAZ-968 - it did not have a decorative panel on

11340-455: Was released only six years later. Its engine was also located at the rear. Initially, it was a 30-horsepower MeMZ-966A, which was installed on the latest modifications of the "humpback" predecessor. Then came the 40-horsepower MeMZ-966V, which allowed the car to accelerate to 120 km / h on a straight road. However, in practice, not everyone could develop such a speed, and fines for speeding "Zaporozhets" were so rare that in itself such an event

11448-528: Was renamed to the current name after on. In addition, the traditional Ukrainian names Melitopil (Мелітопіль) and Melytopil (Мелитопіль) were also used but no longer after the Ukrainian language was oppressed by the Soviet authorities . In July 1769, Russian military commanders built a redoubt there, and Zaporizhia Cossacks carried out their duty service there. On 2 February 1784, Catherine II issued

11556-482: Was started on the basis of the platform of the well-known Indian company TATA. In 2010, the production of ZAZ A10 buses with a load-bearing body and units of leading European companies began. September 10, 2010 - ZAZ Lanos Electro van and ZAZ-A10C31 and ZAZ-A10L50 buses were presented at the 2010 Auto Show in Kyiv. In 2011, production of a new model - ZAZ Forza - began. In 2011, PJSC "ZAZ" produced 60,862 cars, which

11664-585: Was that: “Daewoo has grown up enough to become Chevrolet.” It was also considered that this new name was an opportunity for Daewoo to become stronger. Unofficially, after Daewoo's bankruptcy, former chairman Kim Woo-Choong 's escape and most notably the "Daewoo Affaire" in France (closure and conflagration of the Daewoo-Orion Electronics plant in Longwy, France), the Daewoo brand name had

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