124-552: The Corner Hotel in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond , Victoria, Australia , is a remodelled 19th-century pub which has been a live music venue since the 1940s and, since 1995, a popular rock music venue and rooftop bar. In 1871, the premises was licensed to David and Jane McCormick. Business thrived because of the close proximity to the Richmond railway station . In 1881 it was renovated by William Malone, who improved both
248-505: A Hansom Cab (1886), the fastest-selling crime novel of the era, is set in Melbourne, as is Australia's best-selling book of poetry, The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke (1915) by C. J. Dennis . Contemporary Melbourne authors who have set novels in the city include Peter Carey , Helen Garner and Gerald Murnane . Melbourne has Australia's widest range of bookstores, as well as the nation's largest publishing sector. The city also hosts
372-726: A Monday night with the resident band the Party Animals and they had so much fun they returned to play as the whole band the following Friday night. During this time the Corner Hotel played host to many music industry master classes and at one class by Liberty De Vito (drummer for Billy Joel ) to everyone's surprise Billy Joel jumped up and sang. The Corner Hotel also played host to many overseas bands such as Ian Gillan, Spencer Davis, Canned Heat, Fabulous Thunderbirds, Lonnie Brooks, Charlie Musselwhite and Junior Wells. The majority of major Australian played during this period and some of
496-497: A Various Artists' CD album, Hard Wired: Youth Compilation Album . Airborne provided two tracks, "Rock 'n' Roll" and "Give It all You've Got", which were recorded at Motherlode Studios, Warrnambool, earlier in the year. The CD was given away to local students as well as 300 additional copies provided, "to help further the careers of the eight bands... [get them] airplay and gigs outside Warrnambool." Adam Jacobson joined on bass guitar early in 2003 and they played regular gigs at
620-673: A campaign to revive the economy with an aggressive development campaign of public works coupled with the promotion of the city as a tourist destination with a focus on major events and sports tourism. During this period the Australian Grand Prix moved to Melbourne from Adelaide . Major projects included the construction of a new facility for the Melbourne Museum , Federation Square , the Melbourne Convention & Exhibition Centre , Crown Casino and
744-765: A city. On 1 July 1851, the Port Phillip District separated from New South Wales to become the Colony of Victoria, with Melbourne as its capital. The discovery of gold in Victoria in mid-1851 sparked a gold rush , and Melbourne, the colony's major port, experienced rapid growth. Within months, the city's population had nearly doubled from 25,000 to 40,000 inhabitants. Exponential growth ensued, and by 1865 Melbourne had overtaken Sydney as Australia's most populous city. An influx of intercolonial and international migrants, particularly from Europe and China, saw
868-502: A contributing factor to the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893 . The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no significant construction until the late 1890s. At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901 Melbourne became the seat of government of the federated Commonwealth of Australia . The first federal parliament convened on 9 May 1901 in
992-1126: A five-track live EP, Live at the Playroom . At the ARIA Music Awards of 2007 they were nominated for Best Rock Album and Breakthrough Artist – Album for Runnin' Wild . It was issued in North America, Europe and Japan in January 2008, after which Airbourne relocated to the US. The album reached the Top ;100 on the UK Albums Chart and appeared on the Billboard 200 . In a September 2008 interview with Axl Rosenburg and Vince Neilstein of MetalSucks , Joel discussed comparisons with AC/DC, "whoever you are when you come out, especially if you're from Australia and you sound like we do, you're going to get compared to anyone who
1116-646: A hard rock band (initially styled as Airborne ) in late 2001 in the Victorian city of Warrnambool by Joel O'Keeffe (born 1982 or 1983) on lead vocals and lead guitar and his younger brother Ryan (born 1985 or 1986) on drums. Joel had played guitar since the age of 11 and Ryan got his first drum kit four years later also at the age of 11. At 17 years old, Joel provided guitar for his father Dennis's vocal performance in January 2000, with his mother Anne on bodhran and vocals, and uncle Colin on tin whistle and vocals. Airborne initially performed as
1240-463: A major renewal of the CBD and St Kilda Road which significantly modernised the city. New fire regulations and redevelopment saw most of the taller pre-war CBD buildings either demolished or partially retained through a policy of facadism . Many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era were also either demolished or subdivided. To counter the trend towards low-density suburban residential growth,
1364-656: A metaphor for the band's ability to break the rules, especially not to care for dB limits. It was their second album to get into the top 5 in Germany and peaked in top 20 in Australia, Austria, New Zealand, Sweden and Switzerland. Review aggregator, Metacritic rated Black Dog Barking at 76/100 with a summary, "generally favorable reviews". Guardian Australia ' s Dom Lawson gave it four-out-of-five stars and explained they show, "[an] electrifying verve with which they attack their joyously simplistic songs...
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#17327803063031488-590: A month. It was hard in the early days, building yourself up." The group supported Mötley Crüe , Motörhead , Iron Maiden and the Rolling Stones, as well as performing at summer music festivals. In 2006 Airbourne travelled to the United States to work on their first studio album, Runnin' Wild , with producer Bob Marlette ( Ozzy Osbourne , Alice Cooper ). Runnin' Wild was released in Australia on 23 June 2007. Three singles were issued from
1612-485: A party. In early 2005, the band relocated to Melbourne. Their talent manager, Gregg Donovan, handled the negotiations with four major record labels before they signed a five album record contract "for a seven-figure deal" with Capitol Records / EMI Music Australia in October. Initially the members shared a house, where they "lived off bare essentials like cans of baked beans and things like that. We played one gig
1736-629: A pastoral estate in Bulleen , now the Heide Museum of Modern Art . The city is also home to the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art , as well as numerous independent galleries and artist-run spaces. In the 2000s, street art proliferated in Melbourne , with Banksy saying its graffiti scene "leads the world", and "laneway galleries" becoming major tourist sites; Hosier Lane for example attracts more Instagram hashtags than some of
1860-599: A perceived lack of resources, these settlers relocated to Van Diemen's Land (present-day Tasmania ) and founded the city of Hobart . It would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. In May and June 1835, John Batman , a leading member of the Port Phillip Association in Van Diemen's Land, explored the Melbourne area, and later claimed to have negotiated a purchase of 2,400 km (600,000 acres) with eight Wurundjeri elders. However,
1984-727: A prominent example of the latter style in the CBD. The 1926 Nicholas Building is the city's grandest example of the Chicago School style, while the influence of Art Deco is apparent in the Manchester Unity Building , completed in 1932. The city also features the Shrine of Remembrance , which was built as a memorial to the men and women of Victoria who served in World War I and is now a memorial to all Australians who have served in war. Residential architecture
2108-456: A rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This can occur in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having "four seasons in one day", a phrase that is part of local popular culture . The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city
2232-484: A three-piece with bassist Luke McKenzie, also known as "Macca". Joel met David Roads (born c. 1983 ) when the two worked at the Hotel Warrnambool. The pair brought their guitars to work and, after their shifts, jammed on song ideas. Roads was asked to join the group on rhythm guitar and they rehearsed at the O'Keeffes' home. In November 2002, Warrnambool City Council and Arts Victoria released
2356-432: A time where genre regimentation has effectively been dissolved altogether, and sticking to so rigidly to one single reference point only shows more limitations than benefits on paper... It's effectively the fifth time they've made this exact album, rotating through their own tropes with the ease of a band more than content with spinning their wheels, because it'll yield a positive result from their fans regardless." Harrison
2480-467: Is Southern Cross station . It also has Australia's most extensive freeway network and the largest urban tram network in the world . Aboriginal Australians have lived in the Melbourne area for at least 40,000 years. When European colonisers arrived in the 19th century, at least 20,000 Kulin people from three distinct language groups – the Wurundjeri , Bunurong and Wathaurong – resided in
2604-627: Is becoming unaffordable for some. Public housing is managed and provided by the Victorian Government's Department of Families, Fairness and Housing , and operates within the framework of the Commonwealth-State Housing Agreement, by which both federal and state governments provide funding for housing. Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing. This housing boom has increased house prices and rents, as well as
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#17327803063032728-562: Is home to more skyscrapers than any other Australian city , the tallest being Australia 108 , situated in Southbank. Melbourne's newest planned skyscraper, Southbank By Beulah (also known as "Green Spine"), has recently been approved for construction and will be the tallest structure in Australia by 2025. The CBD and surrounds also contain many significant historic buildings such as the Royal Exhibition Building ,
2852-561: Is known for its music, theatre and arts scenes, as well as its diverse range of cultural events and festivals, including the Melbourne International Arts Festival , Melbourne Fringe Festival and Moomba , Australia's largest free community festival. For much of the 2010s, Melbourne topped The Economist Intelligence Unit 's list of the world's most liveable cities , partly due to its cultural attributes. State Library Victoria , founded in 1854,
2976-437: Is largely protected from the ocean, resulting in greater temperature variation across seasons. Melbourne's urban area is approximately 2,704 km , the largest in Australia and the 33rd largest in the world. The Hoddle Grid , a grid of streets measuring approximately 1 by 1 ⁄ 2 mi (1.61 by 0.80 km), forms the nucleus of Melbourne's central business district (CBD). The grid's southern edge fronts onto
3100-693: Is not defined by a single architectural style, but rather an eclectic mix of large McMansion -style houses (particularly in areas of urban sprawl), apartment buildings, condominiums, and townhouses which generally characterise the medium-density inner-city neighbourhoods. Freestanding dwellings with relatively large gardens are perhaps the most common type of housing outside inner city Melbourne. Victorian terrace housing, townhouses and historic Italianate , Tudor revival and Neo-Georgian mansions are all common in inner-city neighbourhoods such as Carlton, Fitzroy and further into suburban enclaves like Toorak . Often referred to as Australia's cultural capital, Melbourne
3224-484: Is often referred to as Australia's garden city, and the state of Victoria is known as the garden state . There is an abundance of parks and gardens in Melbourne , many close to the CBD with a variety of common and rare plant species amid landscaped vistas, pedestrian pathways and tree-lined avenues. Melbourne's parks are often considered the best public parks in all of Australia's major cities. There are also many parks in
3348-543: Is one of the world's oldest free public libraries and, as of 2018, the fourth most-visited library globally. During the 19th-century boom period, Melbourne-based authors and poets Marcus Clarke , Adam Lindsay Gordon and Rolf Boldrewood produced classic visions of colonial life, and many visiting writers recorded literary responses to the city: for Henry Kendall , it was a "wild bleak Bohemia", while Henry Kingsley stated that, in its rapid growth, Melbourne "surpasses all human experience". Fergus Hume 's The Mystery of
3472-628: Is out there. It doesn't matter who you are, you are going to get compared to somebody. To be compared to the best rock and roll band in the business, who are still going today and are about to release another album, there is no higher compliment..." In November at the Astoria in London, Dan Hawkins ( Stone Gods / The Darkness ) joined Airbourne on stage to play the AC/DC song, " Whole Lotta Rosie ". Roads confirmed that in January 2009 Airbourne would enter
3596-569: Is still disputed by people on both sides of the dispute including N'arweet Carolyn Briggs . The name Narrm is commonly used by the broader Aboriginal community to refer to the city, stemming from the traditional name recorded for the area on which the Melbourne city centre is built. The word is closely related to Narm-narm , being the Boonwurrung word for Port Phillip Bay . Narrm means scrub in Eastern Kulin languages which reflects
3720-570: The ARIA Albums Chart in Australia, top 40 on New Zealand's RIANZ Albums Chart and appeared on charts in Austria, Switzerland and France. The group signed a publishing deal in May 2007 with Artwerk Publishing, a joint venture between Nettwerk and EA Games , where the group "will be featured in multiple global EA games later this year." the.Dwarf.com.au ' s Andrea Batz reviewed
3844-538: The Australian Dream . This, coupled with the popularity of the private automobile after 1945, led to the auto-centric urban structure now present today in the middle and outer suburbs. Much of metropolitan Melbourne is accordingly characterised by low-density sprawl, whilst its inner-city areas feature predominantly medium-density, transit-oriented urban forms. The city centre, Docklands, St. Kilda Road and Southbank areas feature high-density forms. Melbourne
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3968-536: The Australian Grand Prix and the Australian Open , and also hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics . Melbourne ranked as the world's most livable city for much of the 2010s. Melbourne Airport is the second-busiest airport in Australia and the Port of Melbourne is the nation's busiest seaport. Its main metropolitan rail terminus is Flinders Street station and its main regional rail and road coach terminus
4092-513: The Boonwurrung , Woiwurrung and the Wurundjeri peoples. In 1803, a short-lived British penal settlement was established at Port Phillip, then part of the Colony of New South Wales . Melbourne was founded in 1835 with the arrival of free settlers from Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania ). It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837, and named after the then- Prime Minister of
4216-454: The CityLink tollway . Other strategies included the privatisation of some of Melbourne's services, including power and public transport, and a reduction in funding to public services such as health, education and public transport infrastructure. Since the mid-1990s, Melbourne has maintained significant population and employment growth. There has been substantial international investment in
4340-594: The Empire of Japan , and the government requisitioned the Melbourne Cricket Ground for military use. In the immediate years after World War II , Melbourne expanded rapidly, its growth boosted by post-war immigration to Australia , primarily from Southern Europe and the Mediterranean . While the "Paris End" of Collins Street began Melbourne's boutique shopping and open air cafe cultures,
4464-602: The Heidelberg School of impressionists, named after a suburb where they camped to paint en plein air in the 1880s. The Australian tonalists followed in the 1910s, some of whom founded Montsalvat in Eltham , Australia's oldest surviving art colony. Mid-century Melbourne became a stronghold of figurative modernism through the paintings of the Antipodeans and Angry Penguins ; the latter group often met at
4588-617: The Melbourne Bounce genre and the Melbourne Shuffle dance style, both of which emerged from the city's underground rave scene. Established in 1861, the National Gallery of Victoria is Australia's oldest and largest art museum, and houses its collection across two sites: NGV International in Southbank and NGV Australia at Federation Square. Several art movements originated in Melbourne, most famously
4712-544: The Melbourne Town Hall and Parliament House . Although the area is described as the centre , it is not actually the demographic centre of Melbourne at all, due to an urban sprawl to the southeast, the demographic centre being located at Camberwell . Melbourne is typical of Australian capital cities in that after the turn of the 20th century, it expanded with the underlying notion of a 'quarter acre home and garden' for every family, often referred to locally as
4836-426: The Melbourne Town Hall , St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained incomplete for decades. The layout of the inner suburbs on a largely one-mile grid pattern, cut through by wide radial boulevards and parklands surrounding the central city, was largely established in the 1850s and 1860s. These areas rapidly filled with the ubiquitous terrace houses, as well as with detached houses and grand mansions, while some of
4960-736: The Melbourne Writers Festival and the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards . In 2008, it became the second UNESCO City of Literature . Melbourne is home to many theatres , eight of which are concentrated in the East End Theatre District , including the Victorian era Athenaeum , Her Majesty's and Princess theatres, as well as the Forum and the Regent . Other heritage-listed theatres include
5084-463: The Otway and Macedon Ranges , which block much of the rainfall arriving from the north and west. Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect", similar to the " lake effect " seen in colder climates, where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect
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5208-483: The Royal Exhibition Building , subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House, where it sat until it moved to Canberra in 1927. The Governor-General of Australia resided at Government House in Melbourne until 1930, and many major national institutions remained in Melbourne well into the twentieth century. During World War II the city hosted American military forces who were fighting
5332-852: The Selwyn fault , which transects Mount Martha and Cranbourne . The western portion of the metropolitan area lies within the Victorian Volcanic Plain grasslands vegetation community, and the southeast falls in the Gippsland Plains Grassy Woodland zone. Melbourne extends northward through the undulating bushland valleys of the Yarra Valley 's tributaries— Moonee Ponds Creek (toward Melbourne Airport ), Merri Creek , Darebin Creek and Plenty River . The city reaches southeast through Dandenong to
5456-597: The World Heritage -listed Royal Exhibition Building (1880), the General Post Office (1867), Hotel Windsor (1884) and the Block Arcade (1891). Comparatively little remains of Melbourne's pre-gold rush architecture; St James Old Cathedral (1839) and St Francis' Church (1845) are among the few examples left in the CBD. Many of the CBD's Victorian boom-time landmarks were also demolished in
5580-453: The World Heritage -listed Royal Exhibition Building , with one of the world's tallest skylines . Additional landmarks include the Melbourne Cricket Ground and the National Gallery of Victoria . Noted for its cultural heritage , the city gave rise to Australian rules football , Australian impressionism and Australian cinema , and is noted for its street art , live music and theatre scenes. It hosts major annual sporting events, such as
5704-505: The Yarra River . More recent office, commercial and public developments in the adjoining districts of Southbank and Docklands have made these areas into extensions of the CBD in all but name. A byproduct of the CBD's layout is its network of lanes and arcades , such as Block Arcade and Royal Arcade . Melbourne's CBD has become Australia's most densely populated area, with approximately 19,500 residents per square kilometre, and
5828-767: The 2010s the State Government of Victoria initiated a number of major infrastructure projects designed to reduce congestion in Melbourne and encourage economic growth, including the Metro Tunnel , the West Gate Tunnel , the Level Crossing Removal Project and the Suburban Rail Loop . New urban renewal zones were initiated in inner-city areas like Fisherman's Bend and Arden , while suburban growth continued on
5952-675: The Aboriginal elders was annulled by Richard Bourke , the Governor of New South Wales (who at the time governed all of eastern mainland Australia), with compensation paid to members of the association. In 1836, Bourke declared the city the administrative capital of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales , and commissioned the first plan for its urban layout, the Hoddle Grid , in 1837. Known briefly as Batmania,
6076-424: The Aboriginal people of Victoria, in 1839, but their work was nullified by a land policy that favoured squatters who took possession of Aboriginal lands. By 1845, fewer than 240 wealthy Europeans held all the pastoral licences then issued in Victoria and became a powerful political and economic force in Victoria for generations to come. Letters patent of Queen Victoria , issued on 25 June 1847, declared Melbourne
6200-644: The Corner Award in 2016, an annual award for local artists. Previous recipients of the Award include Sampa The Great, Cable Ties and Baker Boy. The Corner has received a number of accolades over the years including Music Victoria Best Venue 2013–2018, NLMAs Victoria Venue of the Year 2016, and AHA National Awards for Excellence - Best Entertainment Venue 2019, AHA VIC State Awards for Excellence - Best Live Entertainment Venue 2017 & 2018. It has also held its place as
6324-719: The Creation Story of how the Bay was filled by the creation of the Birrarung (Yarra River). Before this, the dry Melbourne region extended out into the Bay and the Bay was filled with teatree scrub where boorrimul (emu) and marram (kangaroo) were hunted. The first British settlement in Victoria , then part of the penal colony of New South Wales , was established by Colonel David Collins in October 1803, at Sullivan Bay , near present-day Sorrento . The following year, due to
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#17327803063036448-526: The King) replaced Roads on rhythm guitar and backing vocals. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of Runnin' Wild , the group issued a compilation album, Diamond Cuts: The B-Sides , in September 2017. Two previously unreleased tracks, "Heavy Weight Lover" and "Money", were added. An associated box set of 4×CDs and a DVD, Diamond Cuts , was also released. From March 2019 the band were recording their fifth studio album, Boneshaker , at RCA Studio A in Nashville, Tennessee with production by Dave Cobb . It
6572-456: The Left , Grimes , Grizzly Bear , Hilltop Hoods , Hot Water Music , Hozier , Interpol , Jebediah , Jimmy Cliff , Joan Jett , Joe Strummer , John Butler Trio , King Krule , Lorde , Magic Dirt , Me First and the Gimme Gimmes , Midnight Oil , Ministry , Morcheeba , Mr. Bungle , Mutemath , Northeast Party House , Northlane , Nothing but Thieves , Opeth , Paul Kelly , Peaches , Pennywise , Pinch Points, Public Enemy , Queens of
6696-413: The Melbourne CBD in the back-beaches of Rye , Sorrento and Portsea . Melbourne has a temperate oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ), with warm summers and cool winters. Melbourne is well known for its changeable weather conditions , mainly due to it being located on the boundary of hot inland areas and the cool southern ocean. This temperature differential is most pronounced in
6820-457: The Skies in the band room and rooftop garden of the hotel. Crowded House chose the venue for their final Melbourne show in 1996, though they later reformed. The Living End used footage from their 1997 Corner show for the film clip to Second Solution . The venue was one of the first in 2005 to make all shows smoke-free and has also been stamping out sexual assault and harassment, and unspecified environmental initiatives. The Corner Hotel launched
6944-769: The Stone Age , Rocket from the Crypt , Rodriguez , Rowland S. Howard , Sam Fender , Sharon Jones , Shella, Shlomo , SIA , Silversun Pickups , Something for Kate , Spiderbait , Spoon , Steve Earle , Swans , Tallest Man on Earth , Tame Impala , Tash Sultana , Tex Perkins , The Avalanches , The Black Keys , Michelle Shocked , The Bronx , The Darkness , The Drones , The Hives , The Horrors , The Libertines , The Living End , The Misfits , The Rapture , The White Stripes , Trophy Eyes , Vance Joy , Vengaboys , Violent Femmes , Wanda Jackson , Weddings Parties Anything , Xavier Rudd , You Am I . The Music Victoria Awards are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music. They commenced in 2006. The award for Best Venue
7068-534: The Superintendent of the Port Phillip District , Charles La Trobe issued a directive to banish Aborigines from the immediate vicinity of Melbourne. This was enforced later that same year by the mass-arrest and imprisonment of hundreds of Indigenous people during the Lettsom raid . However, Aboriginal people still managed to continue living near the settlement and by January 1844 there were said to be 675 residing in squalid camps around Melbourne. The British Colonial Office had appointed five Aboriginal Protectors for
7192-448: The United Kingdom , William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne . Declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, it became the capital of the newly separated Colony of Victoria in 1851. During the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that, by the late 1880s, had transformed it into Australia's, and one of the world's largest and wealthiest metropolises. After the federation of Australia in 1901, Melbourne served as
7316-429: The accommodation and the liquor quality. Malone was the licensee until 1895. Between 1895 and 1929 the hotel changed hands seven times. From 1929 to 1935 it was operated by Nelly O'Connor and her husband. The pub is thought to have begun presenting live music during the 1940s jazz era. During the 1950s it was owned by the Melbourne Cooperative Brewing Company, an offshoot of Carlton & United Breweries . They rebuilt
7440-427: The ageless and tireless uniformity of the band's approach that makes this an honest and brazen delight." Kerrang! ' s reviewer observed, "Very occassionally [sic] they come a school uniform away from impersonating their forefathers." Angus Young told that publication, "I really like Airbourne." Black Dog Barking was nominated for another ARIA Award for Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album in 2013 . At
7564-452: The album, " Runnin' Wild " (May), " Too Much, Too Young, Too Fast " (June), a playable track on Guitar Hero World Tour ; and "Diamond in the Rough" (September). In February Capitol Records culled 70% of their artist roster including cancelling their contract with Airbourne, but the album was still issued in Australia via EMI. In June the band signed with Roadrunner Records for international distribution. The album peaked at No. 21 on
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#17327803063037688-453: The album, "If AC/DC had a son it would be called Airbourne with a little doubt thrown in if the milkman was Iron Maiden!" Batz expanded, "A definite no-holds-barred feast of wreckless, yet well-organised rocker's bliss. Neat and tidy, simple and clean yet filthy, dirty, sexy and gritty. A formula that has evaded artists for quite some time." During late 2007 the group toured the US supporting Kid Rock and Korn . In September 2007 they issued
7812-554: The area. It was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and a vital source of food and water. In June 2021, the boundaries between the land of two of the traditional owner groups, the Wurundjeri and Bunurong, were agreed after being drawn up by the Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Council . The borderline runs across the city from west to east, with the CBD , Richmond and Hawthorn included in Wurundjeri land, and Albert Park , St Kilda and Caulfield on Bunurong land. However, this change in boundaries
7936-499: The availability of all types of housing. Subdivision regularly occurs in the outer areas of Melbourne, with numerous developers offering house and land packages. However, since the release of Melbourne 2030 in 2002, planning policies have encouraged medium-density and high-density development in existing areas with good access to public transport and other services. As a result of this, Melbourne's middle and outer-ring suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment. On
8060-544: The avant-garde picture palace The Capitol and St Kilda's Palais Theatre , Australia's largest seated theatre with a capacity of 3,000 people. The Arts Precinct in Southbank is home to Arts Centre Melbourne (which includes the State Theatre and Hamer Hall ), as well as the Melbourne Recital Centre , Malthouse Theatre and Southbank Theatre , home of the Melbourne Theatre Company , Australia's oldest professional theatre company. The Australian Ballet , Opera Australia and Melbourne Symphony Orchestra are also based in
8184-436: The back of the 1850s gold rush and 1880s land boom, Melbourne became renowned as one of the world's great Victorian-era cities, a reputation that persists due to its diverse range of Victorian architecture . High concentrations of well-preserved Victorian-era buildings can be found in the inner suburbs, such as Carlton , East Melbourne and South Melbourne . Outstanding examples of Melbourne's built Victorian heritage include
8308-526: The band producing while Frank mastered it at Moose Mastering, Richmond for Sik Kitty Production. It was only sold at gigs and by 2017 became, "highly collectable". Pedro B of Sputnikmusic rated it at 3.0 out-of 5, "A valiant first effort by a very young band, but marred by cheesy lyrics, repetition and excessive adherence to source material." By the time the EP was issued Jacobson had been replaced by Justin Street (born c. 1986 ) on bass guitar. Ryan had met Street while stumbling home drunk from
8432-404: The band started working on their third studio album, Black Dog Barking . It was recorded at Van Howes Studio, Los Angeles, and The Armoury, Vancouver with Brian Howes producing and was released on 21 May 2013 via Roadrunner. The cover artwork was by Australian artists The Sharp Brothers, who had provided cover artwork for No Guts. No Glory. According to Roads, the title has "Black Dog" as
8556-403: The band's Facebook page that founding rhythm guitarist David Roads would be leaving the band to work in his family business. Joel later explained, that after his years with the group "[he] was having a hard time out on the road, but he loved the fans, though – he loved playing. So now he's back on the farm [working in his family business] and he's happy as hell." Matt "Harri" Harrison (ex-Palace of
8680-471: The bar closed. In 1966 the pub was demolished and rebuilt in a slightly shifted location, to make space for the widening of the railway lines. Brian Hartung from Carlton & United Breweries approached Wayne Gale in 1984 and asked if he could start music at The Corner Hotel. At that time Gale was running venues at The John Barleycorn Hotel in Collingwood , The Tiger Lounge (Royal Oak in Richmond) and The Prospect Hill Hotel in Kew. The first bands to play
8804-434: The blocks. The Aboriginal population continued to decline, with an estimated 80% total decrease by 1863, due primarily to introduced diseases (particularly smallpox ), frontier violence and dispossession of their lands. The 1880s saw extraordinary growth: consumer confidence, easy access to credit, and steep increases in land prices led to an enormous amount of construction. During this "land boom", Melbourne reputedly became
8928-551: The city centre was seen by many as stale—the dreary domain of office workers—something expressed by John Brack in his famous painting Collins St., 5 pm (1955). Up until the 21st century, Melbourne was considered Australia's "industrial heartland". Height limits in the CBD were lifted in 1958, after the construction of ICI House , transforming the city's skyline with the introduction of skyscrapers. Suburban expansion then intensified, served by new indoor malls beginning with Chadstone Shopping Centre . The post-war period also saw
9052-430: The city's industries and property market. Major inner-city urban renewal has occurred in areas such as Southbank , Port Melbourne , Melbourne Docklands and South Wharf . Melbourne sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate of any Australian capital city from 2001 to 2004. From 2006, the growth of the city extended into "green wedges" and beyond the city's urban growth boundary . Predictions of
9176-660: The city's population reaching 5 million people pushed the state government to review the growth boundary in 2008 as part of its Melbourne @ Five Million strategy. In 2009, Melbourne was less affected by the Great Recession in comparison to other Australian cities. At this time, more new jobs were created in Melbourne than any other Australian city—almost as many as the next two fastest growing cities, Brisbane and Perth, combined, and Melbourne's property market remained highly priced, resulting in historically high property prices and widespread rent increases. Beginning in
9300-918: The city's traditional destinations, like the Melbourne Zoo . Melbourne's many public artworks range from the Burke and Wills monument (1865) to the abstract sculpture Vault (1978), the latter a popular reference point amongst Melbourne designers. Airbourne (band) Airbourne are an Australian hard rock band formed in Warrnambool , Victoria , in late 2001. Founding members are Joel O'Keeffe on lead vocals and lead guitar, his younger brother Ryan O'Keeffe on drums and David Roads on rhythm guitar and backing vocals. They were joined by Justin Street on bass guitar and backing vocals in mid-2004. Roads amicably left in 2017, Mathew Harrison joined in 2018 and
9424-441: The city. Nauru 's then booming economy resulted in several ambitious investments in Melbourne, such as Nauru House . Melbourne remained Australia's main business and financial centre until the late 1970s, when it began to lose this primacy to Sydney. Melbourne experienced an economic downturn between 1989 and 1992, following the collapse of several local financial institutions. In 1992, the newly elected Kennett government began
9548-532: The city. The establishment of the Melbourne Hydraulic Power Company in 1886 led to the availability of high-pressure piped water, allowing for the installation of hydraulically powered elevators , which led to the construction of the first high-rise buildings in the city. The period also saw the huge expansion of a significant radial rail-based transport network throughout the city and suburbs. Melbourne's land-boom peaked in 1888,
9672-564: The countryside from the late 1850s. Construction started on further major public buildings in the 1860s and 1870s, such as the Supreme Court , Government House , and the Queen Victoria Market . The central city filled up with shops and offices, workshops, and warehouses. Large banks and hotels faced the main streets, with fine townhouses in the east end of Collins Street, contrasting with tiny cottages down laneways within
9796-400: The dance floor." The album is the group's highest charting in various countries: Australia at No. 13, Austria at No. 3, Germany at No. 3, Switzerland at No. 4 and UK at No. 9. It was also nominated for Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 2017 . The title track was issued as a single on 8 July 2016. On 7 April 2017, it was announced via
9920-660: The decades after World War II, including the Federal Coffee Palace (1888) and the APA Building (1889), one of the tallest early skyscrapers upon completion. Heritage listings and heritage overlays have since been introduced in an effort to prevent further losses of the city's historic fabric. In line with the city's expansion during the early 20th century, suburbs such as Hawthorn and Camberwell are defined largely by Federation and Edwardian architectural styles. The City Baths , built in 1903, are
10044-471: The eastern fringe at Gembrook . Melbourne receives 48.6 clear days annually. Dewpoint temperatures in the summer range from 9.5 to 11.7 °C (49.1 to 53.1 °F). Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can include hail, squalls, and significant drops in temperature, but they often pass through very quickly with
10168-905: The end of that year Airbourne toured Europe, supported – amongst others – by the Swedish band Corroded . Joel revealed in November 2014 that the band were writing songs for their fourth studio album, Breakin' Outta Hell . In January of the following year, they signed for a worldwide deal with Spinefarm Records . Breakin' Outta Hell was released on 23 September 2016, which was recorded at Sing Sing Studios, Melbourne with Marlette producing again. Metacritic's score of 80/100 indicated, "generally favorable reviews" with Ian Fortnam of Classic Rock observing, "each track's feral combination of barbed-wire riffs, alcohol-numbed throat savagery, crotch-level bass and propulsive, pounding beats, your better judgement simply rolls its eyes as your feet drag you helpless to
10292-472: The establishment of slums, including Chinatown and a temporary "tent city" on the southern banks of the Yarra. In the aftermath of the 1854 Eureka Rebellion , mass public support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including improvements in working conditions across mining, agriculture, manufacturing and other local industries. At least twenty nationalities took part in
10416-547: The government began a series of controversial public housing projects in the inner city by the Housing Commission of Victoria , which resulted in the demolition of many neighbourhoods and a proliferation of high-rise towers. In later years, with the rapid rise of motor vehicle ownership, the investment in freeway and highway developments greatly accelerated the outward suburban sprawl and declining inner-city population. The Bolte government sought to rapidly accelerate
10540-557: The growth corridor of Pakenham towards West Gippsland . In the west, it extends along the Maribyrnong River and its tributaries north towards Sunbury . Melbourne's major bayside beaches are in the various suburbs along the shores of Port Phillip Bay, in areas like Port Melbourne , Albert Park , St Kilda , Elwood , Brighton , Sandringham , Mentone , Frankston , Altona , Williamstown and Werribee South. The nearest surf beaches are 85 km (53 mi) south of
10664-505: The hotel in 1954, obtaining permits to serve alcohol during the reconstruction. This was the peak time of an Australian custom known as the six o'clock swill , where venues were required to stop serving alcohol at 6 p.m. This law was a relic of World War I and operated from 1915 until its abolition in the mid-1960s (1966 in Victoria). It meant that workers would rush to pubs after finishing work and consume as much alcohol as possible before
10788-486: The interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927. Today, Melbourne is culturally diverse and, among world cities, has the 4th largest foreign born population . It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, ranking 28th globally in the 2024 Global Financial Centres Index . The city's eclectic architecture blends Victorian era structures, such as
10912-580: The late 1970s and early 1980s, including the Little Band scene and St Kilda 's Crystal Ballroom scene, which gave rise to Dead Can Dance and Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds . More recent independent acts from Melbourne to achieve global recognition include The Avalanches , Gotye and King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard . Melbourne is also regarded as a centre of EDM , and lends its name to
11036-734: The local Criterion Hotel. In March of that year, as Airborne, the four-piece – Jacobson, the O'Keeffe brothers and Roads – won a statewide band competition, Push-On, in Melbourne. Their early material was influenced by Australian rock artists AC/DC , the Angels , Billy Thorpe and Rose Tattoo . Classic Rock magazine's reviewer described how they are, "shamelessly derivative and gloriously entertaining." As Airbourne, they recorded an eight-track extended play (EP), Ready to Rock , which appeared in July 2004 via Field Man Australia, an independent self-funded release. Recorded at Hot House Studios with
11160-662: The major roads developed as shopping streets. Melbourne quickly became a major finance centre, home to several banks, the Royal Mint , and (in 1861) Australia's first stock exchange . In 1855, the Melbourne Cricket Club secured possession of its now famous ground, the MCG . Members of the Melbourne Football Club codified Australian football in 1859, and in 1861, the first Melbourne Cup race
11284-516: The missing day was a break to allow the staff to recover. This was an outstanding achievement considering the strength and fierce competition in the Melbourne music industry at the time. Bands such as Johnny Diesel & The Injectors , Spy vs Spy and Baby Animals all used the venue to build their profile in Melbourne and achieved this by playing on rotating monthly residency. Both Mick Jagger and David Gilmour performed separate, unannounced, shows during 1988. Pink Floyd first played at Corner on
11408-430: The modernisation of Melbourne. Major road projects including the remodelling of St Kilda Junction , the widening of Hoddle Street and then the extensive 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan changed the face of the city into a car-dominated environment. Australia's financial and mining booms during 1969 and 1970 resulted in establishment of the headquarters of many major companies ( BHP and Rio Tinto , among others) in
11532-561: The most famous Melburnian of the Edwardian era. The Sidney Myer Music Bowl in Kings Domain hosted the largest crowd ever for a music concert in Australia when an estimated 200,000 attendees saw Melbourne band The Seekers in 1967. Airing between 1974 and 1987, Melbourne's Countdown helped launch the careers of local acts as diverse as AC/DC and Kylie Minogue . Several distinct post-punk scenes flourished in Melbourne during
11656-604: The name is also used specifically for the local municipality of City of Melbourne based around its central business area . The metropolis occupies much of the northern and eastern coastlines of Port Phillip Bay and spreads into the Mornington Peninsula , part of West Gippsland , as well as the hinterlands towards the Yarra Valley , the Dandenong Ranges , and the Macedon Ranges . As of 2023,
11780-549: The names were Ian Moss, Don Walker, Jimmy Barnes, Tommy Emmanuel, Painters and Dockers, TISM, Joe Camilleri, Nick Barker, Screaming Jets, Kevin Borich, Stevie Wright, Masters Apprentices, Weddings Parties Anything. Other bands such as The Saints , The Stems and Ups & Downs also played the venue during this time. During the time Wayne Gale was the owner The Corner Hotel became known as the place to see Melbourne's up-and-coming bands. Owners Tim Northeast & Mathew Everett took
11904-440: The nation's largest city in 2029–30 at just over 5.9 million, exceeding 6 million people the following year. Melbourne is in the southeastern part of mainland Australia, within the state of Victoria . Geologically, it is built on the confluence of Quaternary lava flows to the west, Silurian mudstones to the east, and Holocene sand accumulation to the southeast along Port Phillip . The southeastern suburbs are situated on
12028-416: The nature of the treaty has been heavily disputed, as none of the parties spoke the same language, and the elders likely perceived it as part of the gift exchanges which had taken place over the previous few days amounting to a tanderrum ceremony which allows temporary, not permanent, access to and use of the land. Batman selected a site on the northern bank of the Yarra River , declaring that "this will be
12152-446: The north and Dandenong Ranges National Park to the east. There are also a number of significant state parks just outside Melbourne. The extensive area covered by urban Melbourne is formally divided into hundreds of suburbs (for addressing and postal purposes), and administered as local government areas, 31 of which are located within the metropolitan area. Melbourne has minimal public housing and high demand for rental housing, which
12276-411: The place for a village" before returning to Van Diemen's Land. In August 1835, another group of Vandemonian settlers arrived in the area and established a settlement at the site of the current Melbourne Immigration Museum . Batman and his group arrived the following month and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement, initially known by the native name of Dootigala. Batman's Treaty with
12400-464: The population of the metropolitan area was 5.2 million (19% of the population of Australia ); inhabitants are referred to as "Melburnians". The area of Melbourne has been home to Aboriginal Victorians for over 40,000 years and serves as an important meeting place for local Kulin nation clans. Of the five peoples of the Kulin nation, the traditional custodians of the land encompassing Melbourne are
12524-563: The precinct. Many of Melbourne's theatres join the Melbourne Town Hall in hosting the annual Melbourne International Comedy Festival , one of the world's three largest comedy festivals. Melbourne has been called "the live music capital of the world"; one study found it has more music venues per capita than any other world city sampled, with 17.5 million patron visits to 553 venues in 2016. Australia's first global music star, opera singer Nellie Melba , took her stage name from her hometown. Composer Percy Grainger followed her in becoming
12648-637: The rebellion, giving some indication of immigration flows at the time. With the wealth brought in from the gold rush and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House , the Treasury Building , the Old Melbourne Gaol , Victoria Barracks , the State Library , University of Melbourne , General Post Office , Customs House ,
12772-674: The reins of the Corner in the mid-1990s. Everett owned the Punters Club in Fitzroy, also a popular live music venue at the time, and currently owns the Northcote Social Club in the eponymous suburb. The Corner has also played host to a number of significant moments in music history. The White Stripes created the riff to Seven Nation Army during their soundcheck in 2003. In 2006 U2 filmed a video for their single Window in
12896-667: The richest city in the world, and the second-largest (after London) in the British Empire . The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building . A telephone exchange was established that year, and the foundations of St Paul's were laid. In 1881, electric light was installed in the Eastern Market , and a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps
13020-399: The same places (usually the eastern suburbs) for an extended period, while the rest of Melbourne and surrounds stays dry. Overall, the area around Melbourne is, owing to its rain shadow, nonetheless significantly drier than average for southern Victoria. Within the city and surrounds, rainfall varies widely, from around 425 mm (17 in) at Little River to 1,250 mm (49 in) on
13144-508: The settlement was named Melbourne on 10 April 1837 by Bourke after the British Prime Minister , William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne , whose seat was Melbourne Hall in the market town of Melbourne , Derbyshire . That year, the settlement's general post office officially opened with that name. Between 1836 and 1842, Victorian Aboriginal groups were largely dispossessed of their land by British colonists. In 1840,
13268-416: The spring and summer months and can cause strong cold fronts to form. These cold fronts can be responsible for varied forms of severe weather from gales to thunderstorms and hail , large temperature drops and heavy rain. Winters, while exceptionally dry by southern Victorian standards, are nonetheless drizzly and overcast. The lack of winter rainfall is owed to Melbourne's rain shadowed location between
13392-581: The studio to begin recording their second album, No Guts. No Glory. In the 17 January issue of Kerrang! magazine, Joel revealed they had written tracks in the Criterion Hotel, "We're getting all our gear plugged in and getting set for Aussie pub rock written in an Aussie rock pub!" The album was produced by Johnny K , mixed by Mike Fraser , and was released on 8 March 2010 in the UK, Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. The album reached
13516-510: The surrounding suburbs of Melbourne, such as in the municipalities of Stonnington , Boroondara and Port Phillip , southeast of the central business district. Several national parks have been designated around the urban area of Melbourne, including the Mornington Peninsula National Park , Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and Point Nepean National Park in the southeast, Organ Pipes National Park to
13640-802: The top Australian venue in the Pollstar Top 100 Global Club Venues since 2013, the highest placement being #13. Artists that have played the Corner include: Airbourne , Alison Wonderland , Amity Affliction , Amy Shark , Architecture in Helsinki , Band of Horses , Ben Harper , Biffy Clyro , Big Scary , Birds of Tokyo , Black Lips , Black Rebel Motorcycle Club , Blink-182 , Bliss n Eso , Boy & Bear , Cat Power , Charles Bradley , COG , Courtney Barnett , Crowded House , David Hasselhoff , Deftones , Diesel , Derrick May , Dinosaur Jr. , Diplo , Dropkick Murphys , Easy Star All-Stars , First Aid Kit , Flight Facilities , Frente , Future of
13764-696: The top 20 on the ARIA Albums Chart, and top 20 in Austria, New Zealand, Finland, Greece, Sweden and Switzerland, while in Germany it peaked at No. 4. In the US it appeared on 20 April 2010. "Born to Kill", was first played live at the Logan Campbell Centre, Auckland, New Zealand in October 2009. In January 2010, another new song, " No Way But the Hard Way ", was played on the BBC Radio 1's Rock Show . On 9 February it
13888-605: The top 20 on the ARIA Chart, top 40 in the UK, top 5 in Germany and also appeared on the Billboard 200. Their third studio album, Black Dog Barking (2013), also reached top 5 in Germany. In 2016, Airbourne released their fourth album, Breakin' Outta Hell , which peaked at No. 3 in Germany. Boneshaker (2019), the band's fifth studio album, appeared in the German top 10. Airbourne formed as
14012-560: The urban periphery in Melbourne's outer west and east in suburbs like Wyndham Vale and Cranbourne . Middle suburbs like Box Hill became denser as a greater proportion of Melburnians began living in apartments. A construction boom resulted in 34 new skyscrapers being built in the central business district between 2010 and 2020. In 2020, Melbourne was classified as an Alpha city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Out of all major Australian cities, Melbourne
14136-602: The venue were The Adventure and Big Music Works on Friday 28 February 1983 with Big Pig following on the Saturday night. At first live music was played only on Friday and Saturday nights.The first band to hold a Saturday night residency was the Spaniards which was fronted by Australian music legend Mick Pealing. During the period that Wayne Gale was the owner and band booker the cream of Australia's music industry played there. At one point he achieved 15 full houses in 16 days and
14260-473: The year it hosted the Centennial Exhibition. The brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during that time ended in the early 1890s. The bubble supporting the local finance and property industries burst, resulting in a severe economic depression. Sixteen small land banks and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was
14384-548: Was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009 . While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, and dustings were observed in 2020, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986. The sea temperature in Melbourne is warmer than the surrounding ocean during the summer months, and colder during the winter months. This is predominately due to Port Phillip Bay being an enclosed and shallow bay that
14508-601: Was available on iTunes , as the first single from the album. In the UK No Guts. No Glory. reached No. 31, while on the US Billboard 200 it peaked in the top 100. At the 2010 ARIA Music Awards it was nominated for Best Hard Rock or Heavy Metal Album . The band supported Iron Maiden on the UK leg of that group's Final Frontier World Tour from 20 July 2011 starting at Glasgow SECC Arena and ending at Cardiff Motorpoint Arena on 1 August 2011. From mid-2011
14632-410: Was held. Melbourne acquired its first public monument, the Burke and Wills statue, in 1864. With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold-mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria (especially wool) and with a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network spread into
14756-499: Was in operation by 1882. The Melbourne cable tramway system opened in 1885 and became one of the world's most extensive systems by 1890. In 1885, visiting English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and has come to refer to the opulence and energy of the 1880s, during which time large commercial buildings, grand hotels, banks, coffee palaces , terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in
14880-551: Was introduced in 2016. Melbourne Melbourne ( / ˈ m ɛ l b ər n / MEL -bərn , locally [ˈmæɫbən] ; Boonwurrung / Woiwurrung : Narrm or Naarm ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second-most populous city in Australia, after Sydney . Its name generally refers to a 9,993 km (3,858 sq mi) metropolitan area also known as Greater Melbourne , comprising an urban agglomeration of 31 local municipalities , although
15004-563: Was released on 25 October 2019, which reached top 10 in Germany and Switzerland, and top 20 in Australia and Austria. Hysteria Magazine ' s Kris Peters observed, "[they] have served up another meat and potatoes take on their beloved genre, following their now sacred formula of no ballads, no acoustic guitars and no keyboards... If you think rock n roll is dying in this country, spend half an hour with this album through your speakers and your doubts will be cast aside." However, The Soundboard ' s reviewer felt Airbourne, "exist in
15128-560: Was replaced by Jarrad Morrice on rhythm guitar and backing vocals during mid-2022. The band were working on a new album expected in 2023. By September 2023 Morrice was replaced on rhythm guitar by Brett Tyrrell (ex-Thunderstruck). Airbourne's influences include AC/DC , Bad News , Def Leppard , Iron Maiden , Judas Priest , Pantera , Thin Lizzy , the Angels , Spinal Tap , Status Quo , Motörhead , Metallica , and Rose Tattoo . Current members Former members Live at
15252-528: Was replaced by Jarrad Morrice on rhythm guitar and backing vocals in mid-2022, who was replaced in turn by Brett Tyrrell in mid-2023. The band's debut album, Runnin' Wild (2007), peaked in the top 30 on the ARIA Albums Chart . It appeared on the United Kingdom Albums Chart and United States Billboard 200 . By August 2013, it was certified with a silver award by BPI . Their second album, No Guts. No Glory. (2010) reached
15376-476: Was the worst affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and spent a long time under lockdown restrictions, with Melbourne experiencing six lockdowns totalling 262 days. While this contributed to a net outflow of migration causing a slight reduction in Melbourne's population over the course of 2020 to 2022, Melbourne is projected to be the fastest growing capital city in Australia from 2023–24 onwards, overtaking Sydney as
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